1  4924 135 PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE CONFERS OFFSPRING HYPOXIA RESISTANCE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO). PARENTAL INFLUENCES ARE A POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSFER OF PHENOTYPE IN VERTEBRATES. THIS STUDY EXAMINED HOW CHRONIC HYPOXIC EXPOSURE ON ADULT ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AFFECTED THE PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING. SEPARATE ADULT POPULATIONS WERE EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA (13.1 KPA O(2)) OR NORMOXIA (21.1 KPA O(2)) FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 1 TO 12 WEEKS. ADULTS WERE THEN RETURNED TO NORMOXIA AND BRED WITHIN EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. ADULT FECUNDITY AND EGG CHARACTERISTICS (VOLUME OF EGG, YOLK AND PERIVITELLINE FLUID) WERE ASSESSED. SUBSEQUENTLY, LARVAL BODY LENGTH, TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (~4 KPA O(2)), AND CRITICAL THERMAL MINIMA (CT(MIN)) AND MAXIMA (CT(MAX)) WERE MEASURED AT 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 AND 60 DAYS POST-FERTILIZATION (D.P.F.). ADULT FECUNDITY WAS DEPRESSED BY HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. EGG COMPONENT VOLUMES WERE ALSO DEPRESSED IN ADULTS EXPOSED TO 1-2 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA, BUT RETURNED TO CONTROL LEVELS FOLLOWING LONGER HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. ADULT HYPOXIC EXPOSURES OF >1 WEEK RESULTED IN LONGER BODY LENGTHS IN THEIR LARVAL OFFSPRING. TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (I.E. HYPOXIC RESISTANCE) IN CONTROL LARVAE DECREASED FROM 6 TO 12 D.P.F., REMAINING CONSTANT THEREAFTER. NOTABLY, HYPOXIC RESISTANCE FROM 6 TO 18 D.P.F. WAS ~15% LOWER IN LARVAE WHOSE PARENTS WERE EXPOSED TO JUST 1 WEEK OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA, BUT RESISTANCE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY ~24-30% IN 6-18 D.P.F. LARVAE FROM ADULTS EXPOSED TO 2, 3 OR 4 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA. CT(MIN) (~10-12 DEGREES C) AND CT(MAX) (~39.5 DEGREES C) WERE UNCHANGED BY PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH HAS PROFOUND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2  3713  28 INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED BEHAVIOUR ADAPTATIONS AND BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION IN CHICKENS. BACKGROUND: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES MAY AFFECT BOTH THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR OFFSPRING. WE INVESTIGATED POSSIBLE ADAPTIVE ASPECTS OF SUCH CROSS-GENERATION TRANSMISSIONS, AND HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE FOOD ACCESS WOULD CAUSE CHICKENS TO SHOW A MORE CONSERVATIVE FEEDING STRATEGY AND TO BE MORE DOMINANT, AND THAT THESE ADAPTATIONS WOULD BE TRANSMITTED TO THE OFFSPRING. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: PARENTS WERE RAISED IN AN UNPREDICTABLE (UL) OR IN PREDICTABLE DIURNAL LIGHT RHYTHM (PL, 12:12 H LIGHT:DARK). IN A FORAGING TEST, UL BIRDS PECKED MORE AT FREELY AVAILABLE, RATHER THAN AT HIDDEN AND MORE ATTRACTIVE FOOD, COMPARED TO BIRDS FROM THE PL GROUP. FEMALE OFFSPRING OF UL BIRDS, RAISED IN PREDICTABLE LIGHT CONDITIONS WITHOUT PARENTAL CONTACT, SHOWED A SIMILAR FORAGING BEHAVIOR, DIFFERING FROM OFFSPRING OF PL BIRDS. FURTHERMORE, ADULT OFFSPRING OF UL BIRDS PERFORMED MORE FOOD PECKS IN A DOMINANCE TEST, SHOWED A HIGHER PREFERENCE FOR HIGH ENERGY FOOD, SURVIVED BETTER, AND WERE HEAVIER THAN OFFSPRING OF PL PARENTS. USING CDNA MICROARRAYS, WE FOUND THAT THE DIFFERENTIAL BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION CAUSED BY THE CHALLENGE WAS MIRRORED IN THE OFFSPRING. IN PARTICULAR, SEVERAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES SEEMED TO BE AFFECTED SIMILARLY IN BOTH UL PARENTS AND THEIR OFFSPRING. ESTRADIOL LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN EGG YOLK FROM UL BIRDS, SUGGESTING ONE POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT UNPREDICTABLE FOOD ACCESS CAUSED SEEMINGLY ADAPTIVE RESPONSES IN FEEDING BEHAVIOR, WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN TRANSMITTED TO THE OFFSPRING BY MEANS OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING REGULATION OF IMMUNE GENES. THIS MAY HAVE PREPARED THE OFFSPRING FOR COPING WITH AN UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENT.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3  3785  29 INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LPS (PG LPS) ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY, AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE OFFSPRING. DESIGN: TO ACHIEVE PERIODONTITIS, PG LPS (5 MUG/KG) WAS INJECTED INTO THE GINGIVAL OF FIVE FEMALE RATS EVERY 48 H FOR THREE WEEKS. FIVE CONTROL FEMALE RATS RECEIVED SALINE (0.9 %) AND FIVE FEMALE WERE KEPT INTACT. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TNF-ALPHA AND IL-6 WERE MEASURED IN THE BLOOD SAMPLES. ONE WEEK AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION, FEMALES WERE MATED WITH INTACT MALES. FOLLOWING BIRTH AND WEANING, TWO MALE AND TWO FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM EACH MOTHER, AND NEW GROUPS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE DEFINED FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS. MORRIS WATER MAZE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SPATIAL MEMORY, SHUTTLE BOX WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND A PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE OFFSPRING. RESULTS: SPATIAL LEARNING AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE RATS, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. LATENCY TO REACH SEIZURE STAGES 1 AND 2 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, BUT NOT THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND IN LATENCY TO REACH STAGES 3-5. CONCLUSION: PRE-PREGNANCY EXPOSURE TO PG LPS COULD AFFECT SOME BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING INTERGENERATIONALLY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4    73  32 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  4939  28 PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE IN RATS PRODUCES LONG-LASTING NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN THE OFFSPRING. STUDIES OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PARENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURE HAVE PRINCIPALLY FOCUSED ON MATERNAL EXPOSURE, PARTICULARLY FOR STUDIES OF ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS ON THE OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, PATERNAL TOXICANT EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY IN THEIR OFFSPRING. RECENT WORK SUGGESTS THAT PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN HAVE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, ALTHOUGH IT REMAINS UNCLEAR WHETHER SUCH CHANGES LEAD TO NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR OFFSPRING. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 0 OR 2 MG/KG/DAY NICOTINE (SC) FOR 56 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WITH TWO CONSECUTIVE 2ML4 OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS. FOLLOWING TREATMENT, THESE MALES WERE MATED WITH DRUG-NAIVE FEMALE RATS. OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES WERE TESTED IN A BEHAVIORAL BATTERY TO ASSESS LOCOMOTION, EMOTIONAL FUNCTION AND COGNITION. PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE DID NOT IMPACT OFFSPRING VIABILITY, HEALTH OR GROWTH. HOWEVER, BEHAVIORAL FUNCTION OF THE OFFSPRING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BY PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE. MALE OFFSPRING WITH PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE EXHIBITED LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY IN THE FIGURE-8 APPARATUS WHEN TESTED DURING ADOLESCENCE. WHEN RETESTED IN ADULTHOOD AND REGARDLESS OF SEX, OFFSPRING OF THE NICOTINE EXPOSED FATHER SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HABITUATION OF LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY OVER THE COURSE OF THE SESSION. COMPARED TO CONTROLS, FEMALE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED RESPONSE LATENCY IN THE RADIAL ARM MAZE TEST. IN ADDITION TO LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY, THE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS ALSO SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED HABITUATION IN THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN IMPACT THE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING, PRODUCING LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPAIRED HABITUATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6  4944  30 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
7  6559  29 TRANSGENERATIONAL INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AMONG MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MEMORY WITHIN THE BRAIN. MOREOVER, THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL DRUG-EXPOSURE BEFORE GESTATION ON BEHAVIORAL STATE OF OFFSPRING HAS BEEN LITTLE STUDIED. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON AVOIDANCE MEMORY, MORPHINE PREFERENCE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING. THE TOTAL OF 32 MALES AND 32 FEMALES WERE USED FOR MATING. THE ANIMALS WERE TREATED WITH MORPHINE. THE OFFSPRING ACCORDING TO THEIR PARENTAL MORPHINE TREATMENT WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS (N=16) INCLUDING PATERNALLY TREATED, MATERNALLY TREATED, BOTH OF PARENTS TREATED AND NAIVE ANIMALS. THE PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR, AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY WERE EVALUATED IN THE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, THE TOTAL OF 256 OFFSPRING WAS USED FOR THE EXPERIMENTS (4 TASKS X 4 GROUPS OF OFFSPRING X 8 FEMALE OFFSPRING X 8 MALE OFFSPRING). THE FINDING REVEALED THAT THE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND VISCERAL PAIN WERE REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. MOREOVER, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE MALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. WHILE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN FEMALE OFFSPRING THAT WERE TREATED BY MORPHINE EITHER MATERNALLY OR BOTH OF PARENTS. THE DATA REVEALED THAT THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM MAY BE ALTERED IN THE OFFSPRING OF MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT(S), AND EPIGENETIC ROLE COULD BE IMPORTANT. HOWEVER, ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SIGNIFIED THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MATERNAL INHERITANCE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  4930  28 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ACQUISITION OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND AFFECTS BDNF DNA METHYLATION IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REFLECTS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE MAY AFFECT RODENT OFFSPRING VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MALE GERM LINE. WHILE SUCH EXPOSURE ALTERS ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE OFFSPRING, NO STUDIES EXAMINED IF IT IMPACTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. WE EXPOSED MALE (SIRES) WISTAR RATS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL IN VAPOUR CHAMBERS (16 H/DAY; 5 DAYS/WEEK) OR TO AIR FOR 6 WEEKS. EIGHT WEEKS LATER, RATS WERE MATED WITH ALCOHOL-NAIVE FEMALES. ADULT ALCOHOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED F1 OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED IN ACQUISITION OF ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH INCREASING ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS (2.5%, 5% AND 10%, V/V) WERE DELIVERED AFTER ONE LEVER PRESS (FIXED RATIO 1 OR FR1). PRIOR TO ALCOHOL SESSIONS, RATS WERE TRAINED TO LEVER PRESS FOR FOOD DELIVERY UNDER AN FR1 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE WERE MEASURED IN SPERM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) IN SIRES AND IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES HAD LOWER BDNF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN NAC AND GREATER METHYLATION LEVELS IN MPFC. ALTHOUGH THIS PATTERN WAS NOT RECAPITULATED IN OFFSPRING, ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES DID SHOW ABERRANT BDNF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING SELF-ADMINISTERED LESS ALCOHOL (5% AND 10%) WITH NO GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FOOD RESPONDING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION PROTECTS AGAINST ALCOHOL'S INITIAL REINFORCING EFFECTS BUT THE PATTERN OF DYSREGULATED BDNF METHYLATION IN REWARD-RELATED CIRCUITRY DID NOT MIMIC CHANGES SEEN IN SIRES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
9  3179  31 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10  1980  29 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR) IN SPERM OF RATS EXPOSED TO TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC). AS MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION IS INCREASING, RESEARCH REGARDING POSSIBLE LONG-TERM RISKS FOR USERS AND THEIR OFFSPRING IS NEEDED. LITTLE DATA EXISTS ON EFFECTS OF PATERNAL TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC) EXPOSURE PRIOR TO REPRODUCTION. THIS STUDY DETERMINED IF CHRONIC THC EXPOSURE ALTERS SPERM DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AND IF SUCH EFFECTS ARE INTERGENERATIONALLY TRANSMITTED. ADULT MALE RATS UNDERWENT ORAL GAVAGE WITH THC OR VEHICLE CONTROL. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED (DM) LOCI IN MOTILE SPERM WERE IDENTIFIED USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). ANOTHER COHORT WAS INJECTED WITH VEHICLE OR THC, AND SPERM DNAM WAS ANALYZED. FINALLY, THC-EXPOSED AND CONTROL ADULT MALE RATS WERE MATED WITH THC-NAIVE FEMALES. DNAM LEVELS OF TARGET GENES IN BRAIN TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING WERE DETERMINED BY PYROSEQUENCING. RRBS IDENTIFIED 2,940 DM CPGS MAPPING TO 627 GENES. SIGNIFICANT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS CONFIRMED (P < 0.05) FOLLOWING ORAL THC ADMINISTRATION FOR CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR), INVOLVED IN TOXIN PROCESSING AND DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT. POR HYPERMETHYLATION WAS NOT OBSERVED AFTER THC INJECTION OR IN THE SUBSEQUENT GENERATION. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT THAT THC ALTERS DNAM IN SPERM AND THAT ROUTE OF EXPOSURE CAN HAVE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS. ALTHOUGH WE DID NOT OBSERVE EVIDENCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF THE DNAM CHANGE, LARGER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO DEFINITIVELY EXCLUDE THIS POSSIBILITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11  6551  41 TRANSGENERATIONAL BLUNTING OF MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSREGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN MALE OFFSPRING. A NUMBER OF PARENTAL EXPERIENCES, EVEN WHEN OCCURRING PRIOR TO CONCEPTION, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS BEYOND THE FIRST GENERATION. IN THE CASE OF EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE, STUDIES IN RODENTS SUGGEST THAT OFFSPRING DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN HOW THEY RESPOND TO THE DRUG TO WHICH THEIR PARENT WAS EXPOSED. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA, CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE AND SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN THE OFFSPRING OF FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT. IN ADDITION TO EFFECTS ON PAIN PERCEPTION AND REWARD, MORPHINE ALSO MODULATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE RESULTS IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS BY MORPHINE IN FUTURE GENERATIONS. ADOLESCENT MORPHINE WAS ADMINISTERED TO FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS USING A 10 DAY, ESCALATING DOSE REGIMEN OF MORPHINE (5-25 MG/KG; FROM 30 TO 39 DAYS OF AGE). CONTROL ANIMALS RECEIVED SALINE. BOTH SALINE AND MORPHINE EXPOSED FEMALES (SAL-F0 AND MOR-F0, RESPECTIVELY) WERE MATED WITH DRUG NAIVE MALES BEGINNING AT LEAST 3 WEEKS AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION. PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING (F1) DURING ADULTHOOD FOLLOWING 0, 0.1, OR 10 MG/KG MORPHINE. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (OPRM1) IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) WERE MEASURED USING QUANTITATIVE PCR. MOR-F1 MALES, BUT NOT FEMALES, HAD BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION. THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO OFFSPRING FROM FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENCE AS THOSE EXPOSED DURING ADULTHOOD PRODUCED OFFSPRING IN WHICH THE EFFECT WAS ABSENT. IN ADDITION, MOR-F1 MALES HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LEVELS OF PVN CRH FOLLOWING SALINE. THESE EFFECTS WERE NOT DRIVEN BY PVN OPRM1 IN THE F1 MALES AS THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES BASED ON MATERNAL ADOLESCENT EXPOSURE. TO DETERMINE THE PERSISTENCE OF THE BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE EFFECT, SAL-F2 AND MOR-F2 MALES WERE EXAMINED. BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION EXTENDED INTO THE MOR-F2 GENERATION, AS WELL AS EFFECTS ON CRH. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS ADDITIONAL DYSREGULATION OFOPRM1 EXPRESSION IN THE PVN IN MOR-F2 COMPARED WITH SAL-F2 MALES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT SEX-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN OPIOID-MEDIATED REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS ARE TRANSGENERATIONALLY TRANSMITTED FOR AT LEAST TWO GENERATIONS FOLLOWING FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE. THESE EFFECTS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED CHANGES IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA AND REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS OBSERVED IN THIS PHENOTYPE. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN HPA FUNCTIONING SUCH AS THESE MAY PLAY A BROAD ROLE IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION.	2018	

12  4077  27 MATERNAL INFLAMMATION INDUCES SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF MICE VIA SEX-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. MOUNTING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN AGING-ASSOCIATED COGNITIVE DECLINE (AACD) AND CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING OVER MULTIPLE GENERATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STRESS. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SUB-CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ON AACD AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL MICE AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL SEX SPECIFICITY OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. IN BRIEF, F0-GENERATION CD-1 DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO LPS (50 MICROG/KG) OR SALINE (CON) DURING LATE PREGNANCY. SUBSEQUENTLY, F1 MALES AND FEMALES (AT 2 MONTHS-OF-AGE) FROM THE LPS TREATMENT GROUP WERE MATED WITH NON-LITTERMATES FROM THE LPS GROUP OR WILD-TYPE MICE TO PRODUCE F2 GENERATIONS OF PARENTAL- (F2-LPS(2)), PATERNAL- (F2M-LPS(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-LPS(1)) MICE. THEN, CON-F1 MALES AND FEMALES WERE MATED WITH WILD-TYPE MICE TO GENERATE F2 GENERATIONS OF PATERNAL- (F2M-CON(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-CON(1)). NEXT, WE EVALUATED THE COGNITIVE ABILITY AND LEVELS OF HIPPOCAMPAL H4K12AC AND H3K9ME3 IN THE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING AT 3- AND 13 MONTHS-OF-AGE. OVERALL, F1 MALE AND FEMALE LPS GROUPS PRESENTED WITH ELEVATED CORTICOSTERONE (P < 0.001, P = 0.036, P = 0.025, 0.012, RESPECTIVELY) AND CYTOKINE RESPONSES, POORER COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05) AND H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (ALL P < 0.05); THESE ISSUES WERE CARRIED OVER TO THE F2 GENERATION VIA THE PARENTS, PREDOMINANTLY IN THE PATERNAL LINEAGE. MOREOVER, THE LEVELS OF H3K9ME3 AND H4K12AC WERE SIGNIFICANT CORRELATED WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER INFLAMMATORY INSULTS HAD BEEN INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. THESE FINDINGS INDICATED THAT GESTATIONAL INFLAMMATORY INSULTS IN THE F0 GENERATION ACCELERATED AACD IN THE F2 GENERATION, ALONG WITH H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND THAT THESE ISSUES WERE DERIVED FROM THE F1 PARENTS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE F1 FATHERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  2777  28 EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (ELBW) (<1000 G) SURVIVORS ARE EXPOSED TO ELEVATED LEVELS OF PHYSIOLOGIC STRESS DURING THEIR LIVES AND MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ACCELERATED AGING. USING THE OLDEST KNOWN LONGITUDINALLY FOLLOWED COHORT OF ELBW SURVIVORS, WE COMPARED BIOLOGICAL AGING IN THIS GROUP USING AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK TO A SAMPLE OF MATCHED NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT (NBW) (>2500 G) CONTROL PARTICIPANTS. METHODS: BUCCAL CELLS WERE COLLECTED FROM 45 ELBW SURVIVORS AND 49 NBW CONTROL PARTICIPANTS AT 30 TO 35 YEARS OF AGE. EPIGENETIC AGE WAS CALCULATED FROM THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF DNA METHYLATION AT 353 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE SEQUENCE WITHIN DNA SITES, BY USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMAN METHYLATION EPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY. RESULTS: BEFORE AND AFTER STATISTICALLY ADJUSTING FOR NEUROSENSORY IMPAIRMENT AND THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS, A SIGNIFICANT SEX BY BIRTH WEIGHT GROUP INTERACTION WAS OBSERVED IN THE 353-SITE EPIGENETIC-CLOCK ASSAY (P = .03), WHEREBY ELBW MEN HAD A SIGNIFICANTLY OLDER EPIGENETIC AGE THAN NBW MEN (4.6 YEARS; P = .01). WOMEN BORN AT ELBW WERE NOT FOUND TO BE EPIGENETICALLY OLDER THAN THEIR NBW PEERS. CONCLUSIONS: THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL EXPOSURES MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN AGING, AND THAT MEN BORN PRETERM MAY EXPERIENCE ACCELERATED AGING RELATIVE TO THEIR PEERS. WE FURTHER HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO MONITOR AND PROMOTE THE HEALTH OF PRETERM SURVIVORS, WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON HEALTHY AGING ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14   464  28 ARE HEIGHT AND LEG LENGTH UNIVERSAL MARKERS OF CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS? THE GUANGZHOU BIOBANK COHORT STUDY. OBJECTIVE: IN DEVELOPED WESTERN POPULATIONS LONGER LEGS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE A MARKER OF BETTER EARLY CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS. IN THE FIRST GENERATIONS TO EXPERIENCE THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION AND ASSOCIATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EPIGENETIC CONSTRAINTS ON GROWTH MIGHT PRECLUDE IMPROVED CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS FROM INCREASING LEG GROWTH OR HEIGHT. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: MULTIVARIABLE LINEAR REGRESSION WAS USED TO ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION OF PARENTAL GROWTH ENVIRONMENT, PROXIED BY PARENTAL LITERACY, AND CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS, PROXIED BY PARENTAL POSSESSIONS, WITH LEG LENGTH, SITTING HEIGHT AND HEIGHT IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLE FROM 2005-6 OF 9998 CHINESE PEOPLE AGED AT LEAST 50 YEARS FROM PHASE 2 OF THE GUANGZHOU BIOBANK COHORT STUDY. MAIN RESULTS: ADJUSTED FOR AGE AND SEX, THE ASSOCIATION OF CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS WITH LEG LENGTH AND HEIGHT VARIED WITH PARENTAL LITERACY (INTERACTION P VALUES <0.01 AND 0.03), BUT NOT FOR SITTING HEIGHT (P VALUE 0.43), WITH STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT TRENDS (P VALUES <0.01) FOR PARENTAL POSSESSIONS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH LONGER LEGS AND GREATER HEIGHT ONLY IN THE OFFSPRING OF TWO LITERATE PARENTS WHERE LEGS WERE LONGER BY 0.56 CM (95% CI 0.27 TO 0.86) AND HEIGHT GREATER BY 1.16 CM (95% CI 0.74 TO 1.58) FOR PARTICIPANTS WITH MOST, COMPARED WITH LEAST, PARENTAL POSSESSIONS IN CHILDHOOD. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ORIGINATING IN EARLIER GENERATIONS MAY CONSTRAIN GROWTH DURING THE INFANCY AND/OR CHILDHOOD PHASES IN VERY RECENTLY DEVELOPED POPULATIONS. NEITHER HEIGHT NOR LEG LENGTH SHOULD BE ASSUMED TO BE CONSISTENT PROXIES OF EARLY LIFE ENVIRONMENT WITH CORRESPONDING IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC HISTORY, THE AETIOLOGY OF SOME CHRONIC DISEASES AND THE MONITORING OF POPULATION HEALTH.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15  2698  33 EXAMINING MULTI- AND TRANSGENERATIONAL BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS RESULTING FROM PARENTAL EXPOSURE TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL PCB AND PBDE MIXTURE. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) AND POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS (PBDES) ARE PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS EXTENSIVELY USED DURING THE 20(TH) CENTURY AND STILL PRESENT IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS DESPITE THEIR BAN. EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO THESE COMPOUNDS OVER GENERATIONS ARE POORLY DOCUMENTED. THEREFORE, OUR AIMS WERE TO CHARACTERIZE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES AND UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN ZEBRAFISH EXPOSED TO AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT MIXTURE OF PCBS AND PBDES AS WELL AS IN FOUR UNEXPOSED OFFSPRING GENERATIONS. ZEBRAFISH (F0) WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED FROM THE FIRST MEAL ONWARD TO A DIET SPIKED WITH A MIXTURE CONTAINING 22 PCB AND 7 PBDE CONGENERS IN PROPORTIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS REFLECTING ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS (SIGMAPCBS = 1991 AND SIGMAPBDES = 411 NG/G). FOUR OFFSPRING GENERATIONS (F1 TO F4) WERE OBTAINED FROM THIS F0 AND WERE NOT FURTHER EXPOSED. BEHAVIOR WAS ASSESSED AT BOTH LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES. MECHANISMS RELATED TO BEHAVIORAL DEFECTS (HABENULA MATURATION AND C-FOS TRANSCRIPTION) AND METHYLATION (DNMTS TRANSCRIPTION) WERE MONITORED IN LARVAE. EXPOSED ADULT F0 AS WELL AS F1 AND F3 ADULTS DISPLAYED NO BEHAVIORAL CHANGE WHILE F2 EXPRESSED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR. LARVAL BEHAVIOR WAS ALSO DISRUPTED, I.E. HYPERACTIVE AFTER LIGHT TO DARK TRANSITION IN F1 OR HYPOACTIVE IN F2, F3 AND F4. BEHAVIORAL DISRUPTIONS MAY BE RELATED TO DEFECT IN HABENULA MATURATION (OBSERVED IN F1) AND CHANGE IN C-FOS TRANSCRIPTION (OBSERVED IN F1 AND F2). TRANSCRIPTION OF THE GENE ENCODING DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT3BA) WAS ALSO MODIFIED IN ALL GENERATIONS. OUR RESULTS LEAD US TO HYPOTHESIZE THAT CHRONIC DIETARY EXPOSURE TO AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT MIXTURE OF PCB AND PBDE TRIGGERS MULTIGENERATIONAL AND TRANSGENERATIONAL MOLECULAR AND BEHAVIORAL DISRUPTIONS IN A VERTEBRATE MODEL.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16  1804  31 EFFECT OF RAT PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON PASSIVE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND MORPHINE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN MALE OFFSPRING. DRUG ADDICTION IS A CHRONIC DISORDER RESULTED FROM COMPLEX INTERACTION OF GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ADDICTION AND ALSO MEMORY FORMATION IN THE BRAIN. WE HAVE EXAMINED PASSIVE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND MORPHINE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE (CPP) IN THE OFFSPRING OF MALE AND/OR FEMALE RATS WITH A HISTORY OF ADULTHOOD MORPHINE CONSUMPTION. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE ANIMALS RECEIVED CHRONIC ORAL MORPHINE FOR 21DAYS AND THEN WERE MAINTAINED DRUG FREE FOR 10DAYS. AFTER THAT, THEY WERE LET TO MATE WITH EITHER AN ABSTINENT OR CONTROL RAT. MALE OFFSPRING'S MEMORY WAS EVALUATED BY STEP THROUGH TEST. BESIDES, REWARDING EFFECTS OF MORPHINE WERE CHECKED WITH CCP PARADIGM. OFFSPRING OF ABSTINENT ANIMALS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT MEMORY IMPAIRMENT COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP WHICH WAS MORE PROMINENT IN THE OFFSPRING OF ABSTINENT FEMALES. CONDITIONING RESULTS SHOWED THAT ADMINISTRATION OF A HIGH DOSE OF MORPHINE (10MG/KG) THAT COULD SIGNIFICANTLY INDUCE CPP IN CONTROL RATS, WAS NOT ABLE TO INDUCE SIMILAR RESULTS IN THE OFFSPRING OF MORPHINE ABSTINENT PARENTS; AND CPP WAS MUCH MORE PROMINENT WHEN IT WAS INDUCED IN THE OFFSPRING OF MORPHINE EXPOSED FEMALES COMPARED TO THE PROGENY OF MORPHINE EXPOSED MALES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT PARENTAL MORPHINE CONSUMPTION IN ADULTHOOD EVEN BEFORE MATING HAS DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS ON MEMORY STATE OF THE MALE OFFSPRING AND ALSO LEADS TO TOLERANCE TO THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF MORPHINE. THESE EFFECTS ARE GREATER WHEN THE MORPHINE CONSUMER PARENT IS THE FEMALE ONE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  4945  21 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY ETHANOL DRINKING ALTERS BEHAVIOR AND ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX ETIOLOGY. RECENT PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (ETOH) EXPOSURE VIA VAPORIZED ETOH ALTERED DRINKING BEHAVIORS AND SENSITIVITY TO ETOH SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE USED A VOLUNTARY ORAL ROUTE OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETOH EXPOSURE, I.E., INTERMITTENT EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING, AND TESTED OFFSPRING FOR BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS. FIFTEEN ETOH DRINKING SIRES AND 10 CONTROL SIRES WERE MATED TO ETOH NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETOH-SIRED AND CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. THESE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED USING THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, OPEN FIELD, DRINKING IN THE DARK, AND UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE ASSAYS. WE FOUND THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING RESULTED IN REDUCED ETOH CONSUMPTION SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING IN THE DRINKING IN THE DARK ASSAY COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. NO DIFFERENCES WERE DETECTED IN EITHER SEX IN THE UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ASSAYS. OPEN FIELD ANALYSIS REVEALED COMPLEX CHANGES IN BASAL BEHAVIOR AND ETOH-INDUCED BEHAVIORS THAT WERE SEX SPECIFIC. WE CONCLUDED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION HAS PERSISTENT EFFECTS THAT IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION. THIS STUDY ADDS TO A GROWING APPRECIATION THAT ONE'S BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO ETOH AND ETOH DRINKING BEHAVIOR ARE IMPACTED BY ETOH EXPOSURE OF THE PRIOR GENERATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
18  4949  28 PATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED PATHOLOGIES. BACKGROUND: THERE HAS BEEN RECENT INTEREST IN THE POSSIBILITY THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED VULNERABILITY. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON POSSIBLE PATERNAL TRANSMISSION WITH THE SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS PARADIGM. METHODS: ADULT MALE MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR CONTROL NONDEFEATED MICE WERE BRED WITH NORMAL FEMALE MICE, AND THEIR OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED BEHAVIORALLY FOR DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE MEASURES. PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR WERE ALSO ASSAYED. TO DIRECTLY ASSESS THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, WE USED IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF); BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON OFFSPRING OF MICE FROM IVF-CONTROL AND IVF-DEFEATED FATHERS. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING FROM DEFEATED FATHERS EXHIBIT INCREASED MEASURES OF SEVERAL DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THE MALE OFFSPRING OF DEFEATED FATHERS ALSO DISPLAY INCREASED BASELINE PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND DECREASED LEVELS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR. HOWEVER, MOST OF THESE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES WERE NOT OBSERVED WHEN OFFSPRING WERE GENERATED THROUGH IVF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS THAT OCCUR AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS CAN BE TRANSMITTED FROM THE FATHER TO HIS MALE AND FEMALE F1 PROGENY, ONLY VERY SUBTLE CHANGES MIGHT BE TRANSMITTED EPIGENETICALLY UNDER THE CONDITIONS TESTED.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  4061  23 MATERNAL ADVERSITIES DURING PREGNANCY AND CORD BLOOD OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR (OXTR) DNA METHYLATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER MATERNAL ADVERSITIES AND CORTISOL LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY PREDICT CORD BLOOD DNA METHYLATION OF THE OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR (OXTR). WE COLLECTED CORD BLOOD OF 39 BABIES BORN TO MOTHERS PARTICIPATING IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (N = 100) CONDUCTED IN BASEL, SWITZERLAND (2007-10). MOTHERS COMPLETED THE INVENTORY OF LIFE EVENTS (SECOND TRIMESTER: T2), THE EDINBURGH POSTNATAL DEPRESSION SCALE (EPDS, THIRD TRIMESTER: T3), THE TRIER INVENTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS (TICS-K, 1-3 WEEKS POSTPARTUM) AND PROVIDED SALIVA SAMPLES (T2, T3) FOR MATERNAL CORTISOL PROFILES, AS COMPUTED BY THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND (AUCG) OR INCREASE (AUCI) FOR THE CORTISOL AWAKENING RESPONSE (CAR) AND FOR DIURNAL CORTISOL PROFILES (DAY). OXTR DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED USING SEQUENOM EPITYPER. THE NUMBER OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS (P = 0.032), EPDS SCORE (P = 0.007) AND CORTISOL AUCGS AT T2 (CAR: P = 0.020; DAY: P = 0.024) WERE NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH OXTR DNA METHYLATION. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DISTINCT PRENATAL ADVERSITIES PREDICT DECREASED DNA METHYLATION IN A GENE THAT IS RELEVANT FOR CHILDBIRTH, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND WELLBEING OF MOTHER AND OFFSPRING. IF A REDUCED OXTR METHYLATION INCREASES OXTR EXPRESSION, OUR FINDINGS COULD SUGGEST AN EPIGENETIC ADAPTATION TO AN ADVERSE EARLY ENVIRONMENT.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20  4249  23 METHYLATION-BASED BIOLOGICAL AGE AND BREAST CANCER RISK. BACKGROUND: AGE IS ONE OF THE STRONGEST PREDICTORS OF CANCER, CHRONIC DISEASE, AND MORTALITY, BUT BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO AGING DIFFER AMONG PEOPLE. EPIGENETIC DNA MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN USED TO ESTIMATE "BIOLOGICAL AGE," WHICH MAY BE A USEFUL PREDICTOR OF DISEASE RISK. WE TESTED THIS HYPOTHESIS FOR BREAST CANCER. METHODS: USING A CASE-COHORT APPROACH, WE MEASURED BASELINE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION OF 2764 WOMEN ENROLLED IN THE SISTER STUDY, 1566 OF WHOM SUBSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED BREAST CANCER AFTER AN AVERAGE OF 6 YEARS. USING THREE PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED METHYLATION-BASED "CLOCKS" (HANNUM, HORVATH, AND LEVINE), WE DEFINED BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION FOR EACH WOMAN BY COMPARING HER ESTIMATED BIOLOGICAL AGE WITH HER CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. HAZARD RATIOS AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR BREAST CANCER RISK WERE ESTIMATED USING COX REGRESSION MODELS. ALL STATISTICAL TESTS WERE TWO-SIDED. RESULTS: EACH OF THE THREE CLOCKS SHOWED THAT BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING BREAST CANCER (5-YEAR AGE ACCELERATION, HANNUM'S CLOCK: HAZARD RATIO [HR] = 1.10, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] = 1.00 TO 1.21, P = .04; HORVATH'S CLOCK: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00 TO 1.17, P = .04; LEVINE'S CLOCK: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 TO 1.23, P < .001). FOR LEVINE'S CLOCK, EACH 5-YEAR ACCELERATION IN BIOLOGICAL AGE CORRESPONDED WITH A 15% INCREASE IN BREAST CANCER RISK. ALTHOUGH BIOLOGICAL AGE MAY ACCELERATE WITH MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION, AGE ACCELERATION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTED BREAST CANCER. CASE-ONLY ANALYSIS SUGGESTED THAT, AMONG WOMEN WHO DEVELOP BREAST CANCER, INCREASED AGE ACCELERATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE CANCER (ODDS RATIO FOR INVASIVE = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.98 TO 1.22, P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION-BASED MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE MAY BE IMPORTANT PREDICTORS OF BREAST CANCER RISK.	2019