1  5214 102 PRETERM BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETICS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETICS IS REVEALING NEW PATHWAYS THAT LEAD INDIVIDUALS FROM EARLY ADVERSITY EXPOSURES TO LATER-IN-LIFE DETRIMENTAL OUTCOMES. PRETERM BIRTH CONSTITUTES ONE OF THE MAJOR ADVERSE EVENTS IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. PRETERM INFANTS ARE HOSPITALIZED IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU) WHERE THEY ARE EXPOSED TO LIFE-SAVING YET PAIN-INDUCING PROCEDURES AND TO PROTECTIVE CARE. THE APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETICS TO THE FIELD OF PRETERM STUDIES (I.E., PRETERM BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETICS, PBE) IS RAPIDLY GROWING AND HOLDS PROMISES TO PROVIDE VALID INSIGHTS FOR RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ACTIVITY. HERE, THE EVIDENCE OF THE EPIGENETIC CORRELATES OF PRENATAL ADVERSITIES, NICU-RELATED ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRETERM INFANTS IS SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT A NUMBER OF PRENATAL ADVERSE (E.G., MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND STRESS) AND POST-NATAL (E.G., NICU-RELATED PAIN-RELATED STRESS) EVENTS AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF PRETERM INFANTS AND CHILDREN VIA EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF IMPRINTED AND STRESS-RELATED GENES. NONETHELESS, THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC VESTIGES OF EARLY CARE AND PROTECTIVE INTERVENTIONS IN NICU HAVE NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED YET AND THIS REPRESENTS A FASCINATING CHALLENGE FOR FUTURE PBE RESEARCH.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  1228  18 CRITICAL ROLE OF VGLL4 IN THE REGULATION OF CHRONIC NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN MICE. PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH), A RARE BUT DEADLY CARDIOPULMONARY DISORDER, IS CHARACTERIZED BY EXTENSIVE REMODELING OF PULMONARY ARTERIES RESULTING FROM ENHANCEMENT OF PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROLIFERATION AND SUPPRESSED APOPTOSIS; HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. RECENTLY, EPIGENETICS HAS GAINED INCREASING PROMINENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PH. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF VESTIGIAL-LIKE FAMILY MEMBER 4 (VGLL4) IN CHRONIC NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA (CNH)-INDUCED PH AND TO ADDRESS WHETHER IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THE RODENT MODEL OF PH WAS ESTABLISHED BY CNH TREATMENT (10% O(2) , 23 HOURS/DAY). WESTERN BLOT, QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS TESTS WERE PERFORMED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CNH-INDUCED PH IN MICE. VGLL4 EXPRESSION WAS UPREGULATED AND CORRELATED WITH CNH IN PH MOUSE LUNG TISSUES IN A TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER. VGLL4 COLOCALIZED WITH ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN IN CULTURED PULMONARY ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMCS), AND VGLL4 IMMUNOACTIVITY WAS INCREASED IN PASMCS FOLLOWING HYPOXIA EXPOSURE IN VITRO. VGLL4 KNOCKDOWN ATTENUATED CNH-INDUCED PH AND PULMONARY ARTERY REMODELING BY BLUNTING SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) SIGNALING; CONVERSELY, VGLL4 OVEREXPRESSION EXACERBATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF PH. CNH ENHANCED THE ACETYLATION OF VGLL4 AND INCREASED THE INTERACTION OF AC-H3K9/VGLL4 AND AC-H3K9/STAT3 IN THE LUNG TISSUES, AND LEVELS OF AC-H3K9, P-STAT3/STAT3, AND PROLIFERATION-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN LEVELS WERE MARKEDLY UP-REGULATED, WHEREAS APOPTOSIS-RELATED PROTEIN LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED, IN THE LUNG TISSUES OF MICE WITH CNH-INDUCED PH. NOTABLY, ABROGATION OF VGLL4 ACETYLATION REVERSED CNH-INDUCED PH AND PULMONARY ARTERY REMODELING AND SUPPRESSED STAT3 SIGNALING. FINALLY, STAT3 KNOCKDOWN ALLEVIATED CNH-INDUCED PH. IN CONCLUSION, VGLL4 ACETYLATION UPREGULATION COULD CONTRIBUTE TO CNH-INDUCED PH AND PULMONARY ARTERY REMODELING VIA STAT3 SIGNALING, AND ABROGATION OF VGLL4 ACETYLATION REVERSED CNH-INDUCED PH. PHARMACOLOGICAL OR GENETIC DELETION OF VGLL4 MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN CNH-INDUCED PH.	2021	

3  4910  40 PAIN EXPOSURE ASSOCIATES WITH TELOMERE LENGTH EROSION IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS. VERY PRETERM (VPT) INFANTS (GESTATIONAL AGE < 32 WEEKS) REQUIRE LONG-LASTING HOSPITALIZATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU), EVEN IN ABSENCE OF SEVERE MORBIDITIES. DURING NICU STAY, LIFE-SAVING INTERVENTIONS OCCUR AND INCLUDE INVASIVE AND PAINFUL SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES (NICU-RELATED STRESS), WHICH CONSTITUTE A MAJOR EARLY ADVERSE EXPERIENCE FOR VPT INFANTS. TELOMERES ARE REPEAT-SEQUENCE AT THE END OF CHROMOSOMES, WHICH SHORTEN WITH AGE AND ARE HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO LIFE ADVERSITIES: THE EXPOSURE TO EARLY ADVERSE EXPERIENCES IS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER TELOMERE LENGTH (TL). NONETHELESS, PREVIOUS RESEARCH DID NOT ASSESS LONGITUDINALLY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NICU-RELATED STRESS AND TL IN VPT INFANTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, LEUKOCYTE TL WAS ASSESSED FROM CORD BLOOD AT BIRTH IN 46 VPT INFANTS AND IN A GROUP OF 31 FULL-TERM (FT) INFANTS, AS WELL AS AT NICU DISCHARGE IN VPTS ONLY. NICU-RELATED STRESS WAS MEASURED AS THE NUMBER OF SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES OCCURRING THROUGHOUT THE NICU STAY. A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE EMERGED FOR TL BETWEEN VPT INFANTS AND FT COUNTERPARTS AT BIRTH. TL DECREASED FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE IN VPT INFANTS, ALTHOUGH THE CHANGE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANT IN THE GROUP AS A WHOLE. THE AMOUNT OF NICU-RELATED STRESS EMERGED AS THE PRIMARY PREDICTOR OF TL EROSION IN VPT INFANTS, EVEN CONTROLLING FOR NEONATAL AND CLINICAL CONFOUNDERS. FURTHERMORE, VPT INFANTS EXPOSED TO HIGH NICU-RELATED STRESS EXHIBITED A MARKED AND SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN TL, WHEREAS VPT EXPOSED TO LOW NICU-RELATED STRESS EXHIBITED A NON-SIGNIFICANT INCREASE. THE PRESENT STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS EVIDENCE OF LONGER TELOMERES IN VPT INFANTS AT BIRTH COMPARED TO FT CONTROLS. MOREOVER, NICU-RELATED STRESS EMERGED AS A KEY REGULATOR OF TL EROSION FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE IN VPT INFANTS. FUTURE RESEARCH IS WARRANTED TO FURTHER EXPLORE TL EROSION IN VPT INFANTS AND THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN NICU-RELATED STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  4138  25 MECHANISMS OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN MODELS OF INFLAMMATION AND HYPOXIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA. CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA (CIH) IS A HALLMARK OF SLEEP APNOEA, A CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH DIVERSE CLINICAL DISORDERS. CIH AND SLEEP APNOEA ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES FORMATION, PERIPHERAL AND CNS INFLAMMATION, NEURONAL DEATH AND NEUROCOGNITIVE DEFICITS. FEW STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED THE ROLE OF MICROGLIA, THE RESIDENT CNS IMMUNE CELLS, IN MODELS OF CIH. THUS, LITTLE IS KNOWN CONCERNING THEIR DIRECT CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEUROPATHOLOGY OR THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING THEIR ACTIVITIES DURING OR FOLLOWING PATHOLOGICAL CIH. IN THIS REVIEW, WE IDENTIFY GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CIH-INDUCED MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, AND PROPOSE MECHANISMS BASED ON DATA FROM RELATED MODELS OF HYPOXIA AND/OR HYPOXIA-REOXYGENATION. CIH MAY DIRECTLY AFFECT MICROGLIA, OR MAY HAVE INDIRECT EFFECTS VIA THE PERIPHERY OR OTHER CNS CELLS. PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION MAY INDIRECTLY ACTIVATE MICROGLIA VIA ENTRY OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES INTO THE CNS, AND/OR ACTIVATION OF VAGAL AFFERENTS THAT TRIGGER CNS INFLAMMATION. CIH-INDUCED RELEASE OF DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS FROM INJURED CNS CELLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MICROGLIA VIA INTERACTIONS WITH PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS EXPRESSED ON MICROGLIA. FOR EXAMPLE, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ACTIVATE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE/TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PATHWAYS REQUIRED FOR MICROGLIAL INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION. ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC EFFECTS FROM CIH HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED IN MICROGLIA, POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MICROGLIAL REGULATION ARE DISCUSSED, INCLUDING MICRORNAS, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND DNA METHYLATION. EPIGENETIC EFFECTS CAN OCCUR DURING CIH, OR LONG AFTER IT HAS ENDED. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CIH EFFECTS ON MICROGLIAL ACTIVITIES MAY BE IMPORTANT TO REVERSE CIH-INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  5961  45 TELOMERE LENGTH IN PRETERM INFANTS: A PROMISING BIOMARKER OF EARLY ADVERSITY AND CARE IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT? PRETERM INFANTS PRESENT AN IMMATURE NEUROBEHAVIORAL PROFILE AT BIRTH, EVEN IN ABSENCE OF SEVERE BRAIN INJURIES AND PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS. AS SUCH, THEY REQUIRE A LONG-LASTING HOSPITALIZATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU), WHICH IS THOUGHT TO GRANT AT-RISK NEWBORNS' SURVIVAL, BUT STILL ENTAILS A NUMBER OF PHYSICAL, PAINFUL, AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL STRESSORS. HENCE, PRETERM BIRTH AND NICU STAY REPRESENT AN EARLY ADVERSE EXPERIENCE, WHICH HAS BEEN LINKED TO DETRIMENTAL CONSEQUENCES FOR NEUROLOGICAL, NEURO-ENDOCRINAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AS WELL AS TO DISEASE LATER IN LIFE. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETIC FIELD ARE HELPING US TO UNVEIL THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH EARLY NICU-RELATED STRESS MAY LEAD TO NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES. FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, TELOMERE REGULATION MIGHT BE A KEY PROGRAMMING MECHANISM. TELOMERES ARE THE TERMINAL PORTION OF CHROMOSOMES AND ARE KNOWN TO GET SHORTER WITH AGE. MOREOVER, TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) IS AFFECTED BY THE EXPOSURE TO STRESS DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT. AS SUCH, TL MIGHT BE AN INNOVATIVE BIOMARKER OF EARLY ADVERSE EXPOSURES IN YOUNG INFANTS AND CHILDREN. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS PAUCITY OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING TL IN POPULATIONS OF PRETERM INFANTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH KNOWN NICU-RELATED STRESSORS REMAINS UNEXPLORED. IN THE PRESENT PAPER, THE POTENTIAL RELEVANCE OF TL FOR RESEARCH AND CLINICAL WORK WITH PRETERM INFANTS WILL BE UNDERLINED IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS LINKING PROGRESSIVE TELOMERE SHORTENING AND EARLY EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE EXPERIENCES AND STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS IN HUMANS. FINALLY, INSIGHTS WILL BE PROVIDED TO GUIDE CLINICALLY RELEVANT TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON TL IN THE FIELD OF VPT BIRTH AND NICU STAY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  4917  36 PAIN-RELATED STRESS DURING THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT STAY AND SLC6A4 METHYLATION IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS. VERY PRETERM (VPT) INFANTS NEED LONG-LASTING HOSPITALIZATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU) DURING WHICH THEY ARE DAILY EXPOSED TO PAIN-RELATED STRESS. ALTERATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE SLC6A4 HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY ADVERSE EXPERIENCES IN INFANTS. THE MAIN AIM OF THE PRESENT WORK WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO PAIN-RELATED STRESS DURING HOSPITALIZATION AND CHANGES IN SLC6A4 DNA METHYLATION AT NICU DISCHARGE IN VPT INFANTS. IN ORDER TO EXCLUDE THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF BIRTH STATUS (I.E., PRETERM VS. FULL-TERM BIRTH) ON SLC6A4 METHYLATION, WE PRELIMINARILY ASSESSED SLC6A4 EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VPT AND FULL-TERM (FT) INFANTS AT BIRTH. FIFTY-SIX VPT AND THIRTY-TWO FT INFANTS PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY. THE LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO PAIN-RELATED STRESS WAS QUANTIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THE AMOUNT OF SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES TO WHICH THEY WERE EXPOSED. VPT INFANTS WERE DIVIDED IN TWO SUB-GROUPS: LOW-PAIN EXPOSURE (LPE, N = 25) AND HIGH-PAIN EXPOSURE (HPE, N = 31). DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED AT BIRTH FOR BOTH VPT AND FT INFANTS, ASSESSING 20 CPG SITES WITHIN THE SLC6A4 PROMOTER REGION. THE SAME CPG SITES WERE RE-EVALUATED FOR VARIATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION AT NICU DISCHARGE IN LPE AND HPE VPT INFANTS. NO DIFFERENCES IN SLC6A4 CPG SITES' METHYLATION EMERGED BETWEEN FT AND VPT INFANTS AT BIRTH. METHYLATION AT CPG SITES 5 AND 6 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED FROM BIRTH TO NICU DISCHARGE ONLY FOR HPE VPT INFANTS. FINDINGS SHOW THAT PRETERM BIRTH PER SE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF THE SLC6A4, WHEREAS HIGHER LEVELS OF PAIN-RELATED STRESS EXPOSURE DURING NICU STAY MIGHT ALTER THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  3351  23 HISTONE DEMETHYLASE JARID1B REGULATES PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN MICE WITH CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NFKB). CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH) IS A DISORDER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE RESULTING FROM LUNG DISEASES OR SHORTAGE OF OXYGEN IN THE BODY. EXCESS PROLIFERATION OF PULMONARY VASCULAR CELLS SUCH AS PULMONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (PAECS) AND PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMCS) PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PH. RECENT EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT, IN ADDITION TO GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN ETIOLOGY OF PH. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE ROLE PLAYED BY JUMONJI AT-RICH INTERACTIVE DOMAIN 1B (JARID1B), A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, IN REGULATING THE PROLIFERATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PH CONDITION. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM RATS WITH PH SHOWED AN ELEVATED EXPRESSION OF JARID1B IN THEIR PASMCS, POSITIVELY CORRELATING WITH INCREASED NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NFKB) EXPRESSION. FURTHER FUNCTIONAL STUDIES IN VITRO INDICATED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF JARID1B INCREASED THE PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF PASMCS, WHICH WERE INHIBITED BY DEPLETION OF NFKB. GENOMEWIDE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE JARID1B REGULATED NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY BY DIRECTLY BINDING TO ITS PROMOTER. WE HAVE ALSO SHOWN THAT JARID1B INDIRECTLY REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR VIA NFKB SIGNALING AND HENCE MAY ALSO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CONTROLLING PAECS, LEADING TO CHANGES IN VASCULAR ARCHITECTURE IN PH. OUR FINDINGS COULD LEAD TO FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF JARID1B IN PH ETIOLOGY AND THEREFORE COULD LEAD TO A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CHRONIC HYPOXIA INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  5958  37 TELOMERE LENGTH AND SALIVARY CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS. DURING THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU) STAY, VERY PRETERM (VPT) INFANTS ARE EXPOSED TO LIFE-SAVING YET PAIN-INDUCING SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES (I.E., NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS) WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROGRAMMING OF HYPO-RESPONSIVE HPA AXIS DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST MONTHS OF LIFE. UNFORTUNATELY, TO DATE THE MECHANISMS LINKING NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS AND ALTERED HPA AXIS REGULATION ARE ONLY LIMITEDLY KNOWN. TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) REGULATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO BE AFFECTED BY EARLY STRESS EXPOSURES AND CAPABLE OF ASSOCIATING WITH HPA AXIS REACTIVITY IN CHILDREN. IN VPT INFANTS, NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS WAS FOUND TO ASSOCIATE WITH DECREASED TL FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE, BUT THERE IS NO EVIDENCE FOR THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TL AND HPA AXIS IN THESE INFANTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROSPECTIVELY EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS AND HPA AXIS REACTIVITY TO AN AGE-APPROPRIATE SOCIO-EMOTIONAL CONDITION (I.E., THE STILL-FACE PROCEDURE, SFP) IN HEALTHY VPT INFANTS AT 3-MONTH CORRECTED AGE. NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS WAS COMPUTED AS THE RATIO BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES AND LENGTH OF NICU STAY. A DIFFERENTIAL SCORE (I.E., ?TL) WAS OBTAINED SUBTRACTING TL AT BIRTH FROM TL AT DISCHARGE. A NORMALIZED (LOG10) CORTISOL REACTIVITY INDEX (CRI) WAS OBTAINED BY AVERAGING POST-STRESS (20 MIN AFTER SFP) SALIVARY CORTISOL SAMPLE ON BASELINE VALUE. A REGRESSION MODEL CONTROLLING FOR NEONATAL AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CONFOUNDERS SHOWED THAT ?TL WAS THE ONLY SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF CRI. ALTHOUGH PRELIMINARY, THESE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MECHANISMS LINKING EARLY EXPOSURES TO ADVERSITY AND LATER IN LIFE REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS IN VPT INFANTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9   328  16 ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC ACID AMELIORATES INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION BY BLOCKING THE IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 PATHWAY. INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION (IVDD) IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF LOW BACK PAIN. ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC ACID (ALPHA-KG), AN IMPORTANT INTERMEDIATE IN ENERGY METABOLISM, HAS VARIOUS FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC REGULATION, MAINTENANCE OF REDOX HOMEOSTASIS, AND ANTI-AGING, BUT WHETHER IT CAN AMELIORATE IVDD HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED. HERE, WE EXAMINED THE IMPACTS OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF A-KG ON AGING-ASSOCIATED IVDD IN ADULT RATS. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT ALPHA-KG SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTIVELY AMELIORATED IVDD IN RATS AND THE SENESCENCE OF NUCLEUS PULPOSUS CELLS (NPCS). ALPHA-KG SUPPLEMENTATION SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED SENESCENCE, APOPTOSIS AND MMP-13 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, AND IT INCREASED THE SYNTHESIS OF AGGRECAN AND COLLAGEN II IN IL-1BETA-TREATED NPCS. IN ADDITION, ALPHA-KG SUPPLEMENTATION REDUCED THE LEVELS OF IL-6, PHOSPHORYLATED JAK2 AND STAT3, AND THE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF P-STAT3 IN IL-1BETA-INDUCED DEGENERATING NPCS. THE EFFECTS OF ALPHA-KG WERE ENHANCED BY AG490 IN NPCS. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM MAY INVOLVE THE INHIBITION OF JAK2/STAT3 PHOSPHORYLATION AND THE REDUCTION OF IL-6 EXPRESSION. OUR FINDINGS MAY HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR IVDD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
10   443  19 AORTA MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN A MURINE MODEL OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: POTENTIAL ROLE OF CD36. OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) AFFECTS 8-10% OF THE POPULATION, IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA (CIH), AND CAUSALLY ASSOCIATES WITH CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITIES. IN CIH-EXPOSED MICE, CLOSELY MIMICKING THE CHRONICITY OF HUMAN OSA, INCREASED ACCUMULATION AND PROLIFERATION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY METABOLIC M1-LIKE MACROPHAGES HIGHLY EXPRESSING CD36, EMERGED IN AORTA. TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND MEDIP-SEQ APPROACHES IDENTIFIED ACTIVATION OF PRO-ATHEROGENIC PATHWAYS INVOLVING A COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN FUNCTIONALLY-RELEVANT BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, SUCH AS INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AORTA MACROPHAGES. DISCONTINUATION OF CIH DID NOT ELICIT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN AORTA WALL MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE. HOWEVER, CIH-INDUCED AORTA CHANGES WERE ABSENT IN CD36 KNOCKOUT MICE, OUR RESULTS PROVIDE MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS SHOWING THAT CIH EXPOSURES DURING SLEEP IN ABSENCE OF CONCURRENT PRO-ATHEROGENIC SETTINGS (I.E., GENETIC PROPENSITY OR DIETARY MANIPULATION) LEAD TO THE RECRUITMENT OF CD36(+)(HIGH) MACROPHAGES TO THE AORTIC WALL AND TRIGGER ATHEROGENESIS. FURTHERMORE, LONG-TERM CIH-INDUCED CHANGES MAY NOT BE REVERSIBLE WITH USUAL OSA TREATMENT.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  3664  30 INFANT NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT. THE TREND TOWARD SINGLE-ROOM NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (NICUS) IS INCREASING; HOWEVER SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IS, AT THIS POINT, MOSTLY ANECDOTAL. THIS IS A CRITICAL TIME TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE SINGLE-ROOM NICU ON IMPROVING MEDICAL AND NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES OF THE PRETERM INFANT. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A THEORETICAL MODEL THAT MAY BE USEFUL IN STUDYING HOW THE CHANGE FROM AN OPEN-BAY NICU TO A SINGLE-ROOM NICU COULD AFFECT INFANT MEDICAL AND NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOME. THE MODEL IDENTIFIES MEDIATING FACTORS THAT ARE LIKELY TO ACCOMPANY THE CHANGE TO A SINGLE-ROOM NICU. THESE MEDIATING FACTORS INCLUDE FAMILY CENTERED CARE, DEVELOPMENTAL CARE, PARENTING AND FAMILY FACTORS, STAFF BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES, AND MEDICAL PRACTICES. MEDICAL OUTCOMES THAT PLAN TO BE MEASURED ARE SEPSIS, LENGTH OF STAY, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DISCHARGE, WEIGHT GAIN, ILLNESS SEVERITY, GESTATIONAL AGE AT ENTERAL FEEDING, AND NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (NEC). NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES INCLUDE THE NICU NETWORK NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCALE (NNNS) SCORES, SLEEP STATE ORGANIZATION AND SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY, INFANT MOTHER FEEDING INTERACTION SCORES, AND PAIN SCORES. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON THE SAMPLE OF 150 PATIENTS IN THE OPEN-BAY NICU SHOWED A "BASELINE" OF EFFECTS OF FAMILY CENTERED CARE, DEVELOPMENTAL CARE, PARENT SATISFACTION, MATERNAL DEPRESSION, AND PARENTING STRESS ON THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES OF THE NEWBORN. THE SINGLE-ROOM NICU HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL STATUS OF THE INFANT AT DISCHARGE. NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT CAN ASSIST WITH EARLY DETECTION AND THEREFORE PREVENTATIVE INTERVENTION TO MAXIMIZE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME. WE ALSO PRESENT AN EPIGENETIC MODEL OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF MATERNAL CARE ON IMPROVING INFANT NEUROBEHAVIORAL STATUS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12  1392  20 DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PREMATURE NEONATES. BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD) IS A FORM OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN PREMATURE INFANTS FOLLOWING RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AT BIRTH. WITH INCREASING SURVIVAL OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS, ALVEOLAR SIMPLIFICATION IS THE DEFINING LUNG CHARACTERISTIC OF INFANTS WITH BPD, AND ALONG WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, INCREASINGLY CONTRIBUTES TO BOTH RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THESE INFANTS. GROWTH RESTRICTED INFANTS, INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS OR FOLLOWING PROLONGED PRETERM RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES ARE AT PARTICULAR RISK FOR EARLY ONSET PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. ALTERED VASCULAR AND ALVEOLAR GROWTH PARTICULARLY IN CANALICULAR AND EARLY SACCULAR STAGES OF LUNG DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND OXYGEN THERAPY, RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENTAL LUNG ARREST LEADING TO BPD WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH). EARLY RECOGNITION OF PH IN INFANTS WITH RISK FACTORS IS IMPORTANT FOR OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF THESE INFANTS. SCREENING TOOLS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PH ARE EVOLVING; HOWEVER, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS THE MAINSTAY FOR NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS OF PH IN INFANTS. CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE ARE BEING USED AS IMAGING MODALITIES, HOWEVER THEIR ROLE IN IMPROVING OUTCOMES IN THESE PATIENTS IS UNCERTAIN. FOLLOW-UP OF INFANTS AT RISK FOR PH WILL HELP NOT ONLY IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS, BUT ALSO IN APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT OF THESE INFANTS. AGGRESSIVE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG DISEASE, AVOIDANCE OF HYPOXEMIC EPISODES, AND OPTIMAL NUTRITION DETERMINE THE PROGRESSION OF PH, AS EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY IN GROWTH-RESTRICTED INFANTS. INFANTS WITH DIAGNOSIS OF PH ARE MANAGED WITH PULMONARY VASODILATORS AND THOSE RESISTANT TO THERAPY NEED TO BE WORKED UP FOR THE PRESENCE OF CARDIO-VASCULAR ANOMALIES. THE MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH PH, ESPECIALLY FOLLOWING PREMATURE BIRTH IS AN EMERGING FIELD. NONETHELESS, COMBINATION THERAPIES IN A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SETTING IMPROVES OUTCOMES FOR THESE INFANTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13  1235  32 CUMULATIVE PROCEDURAL PAIN AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL STUDIES. VERY PRETERM INFANTS MAY MANIFEST NEURODEVELOPMENTAL IMPAIRMENTS, EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF BRAIN LESIONS. PATHOGENESIS IS COMPLEX AND MULTIFACTORIAL. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS A ROLE OF EARLY ADVERSITIES ON NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES, VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND CHANGES IN BRAIN ARCHITECTURE. IN THIS CONTEXT, WE FOCUSED ON CUMULATIVE PAIN EXPOSURE WHICH PRETERM NEONATES EXPERIENCE IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU). WE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR: I) EVIDENCE LINKING PAIN WITH BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL PATHOGENETIC ROLE OF EPIGENETICS; II) PRECLINICAL RESEARCH SUPPORTING CLINICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES. NINE CLINICAL NEUROIMAGING STUDIES, DURING NEONATAL OR SCHOOL AGE, MOSTLY FROM THE SAME RESEARCH GROUP, REVEALED VOLUME REDUCTION OF WHITE AND GRAY MATTER STRUCTURES IN ASSOCIATION WITH POSTNATAL PAIN EXPOSURE. THREE CONTROLLED ANIMAL STUDIES MIMICKING NICU SETTINGS FOUND INCREASED CELL DEATH OR APOPTOSIS; NEVERTHELESS, ELIGIBLE GROUPS WERE LIMITED IN SIZE. EPIGENETIC MODULATION (SLC6A4 PROMOTER METHYLATION) WAS IDENTIFIED IN ONLY TWO CLINICAL TRIALS. WE CALL FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH AND, ALTHOUGH KNOWLEDGE GAPS, WE ALSO POINT OUT THE URGENT NEED OF MINIMIZING PAINFUL PROCEDURES IN NICUS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14   692  16 BRD4 PROMOTES HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS ACTIVATION AND HEPATIC FIBROSIS VIA MEDIATING P300/H3K27AC/PLK1 AXIS. HEPATIC FIBROSIS (HF) IS A REVERSIBLE WOUND-HEALING RESPONSE CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) DEPOSITION AND SECONDARY TO PERSISTENT CHRONIC INJURY. BROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BRD4) COMMONLY FUNCTIONS AS A "READER" TO REGULATE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL EVENTS, BUT THE MECHANISM OF HF REMAINS UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, WE ESTABLISHED A CCL(4)-INDUCED HF MODEL AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY MODEL IN MICE AND FOUND ABERRANT BRD4 EXPRESSION, WHICH WAS CONSISTENT WITH THE RESULTS IN HUMAN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS)- LX2 CELLS IN VITRO. SUBSEQUENTLY, WE FOUND THAT DISTRICTION AND INHIBITION OF BRD4 RESTRAINED TGFBETA-INDUCED TRANS-DIFFERENTIATION OF LX2 CELLS INTO ACTIVATED, PROLIFERATIVE MYOFIBROBLASTS AND ACCELERATED APOPTOSIS, AND BRD4 OVEREXPRESSION BLOCKED MDI-INDUCED LX2 CELLS INACTIVATION AND PROMOTED THE PROLIFERATION AND INHIBITED APOPTOSIS OF INACTIVATED CELLS. ADDITIONALLY, ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS SEROTYPE 8-LOADED SHORT HAIRPIN RNA-MEDIATED BRD4 KNOCKDOWN IN MICE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CCL(4)-INDUCED FIBROTIC RESPONSES INCLUDING HSCS ACTIVATION AND COLLAGEN DEPOSITION. MECHANISTICALLY, BRD4 DEFICIENCY INHIBITED PLK1 EXPRESSION IN ACTIVATED LX2 CELLS, AND CHIP AND CO-IP ASSAYS REVEALED THAT BRD4 REGULATION OF PLK1 WAS DEPENDENT ON P300-MEDIATED ACETYLATION MODIFICATION FOR H3K27 ON THE PLK1 PROMOTER. IN CONCLUSION, BRD4 DEFICIENCY IN THE LIVER ALLEVIATES CCL(4)-INDUCED HF IN MICE, AND BRD4 PARTICIPATES IN THE ACTIVATION AND REVERSAL OF HSCS THROUGH POSITIVELY REGULATING THE P300/H3K27AC/PLK1 AXIS, PROVIDING A POTENTIAL INSIGHT FOR HF THERAPY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15  4366  14 MIRNA-23A/CXCR4 REGULATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA DIRECTLY TARGETING TXNIP/NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME AXIS. BACKGROUND: CHEMOKINE CXC RECEPTOR 4 (CXCR4) IN SPINAL GLIAL CELLS HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE REGULATORY CASCADES OF CXCR4 IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN REMAIN ELUSIVE. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE FUNCTIONAL REGULATORY ROLE OF MIRNAS IN THE PAIN PROCESS AND ITS INTERPLAY WITH CXCR4 AND ITS DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING. METHODS: MIRNAS AND CXCR4 AND ITS DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING MOLECULES WERE MEASURED IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF MICE WITH SCIATIC NERVE INJURY VIA PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION (PSNL). IMMUNOBLOTTING, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND MAMMAL TWO-HYBRID AND BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO EXPLORE THE DOWNSTREAM CXCR4-DEPENDENT SIGNALING PATHWAY. RESULTS: CXCR4 EXPRESSION INCREASED IN SPINAL GLIAL CELLS OF MICE WITH PSNL-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BLOCKING CXCR4 ALLEVIATED THE PAIN BEHAVIOR; CONTRARILY, OVEREXPRESSING CXCR4 INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY. MICRORNA-23A-3P (MIR-23A) DIRECTLY BOUNDS TO 3' UTR OF CXCR4 MRNA. PSNL-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED MRNA EXPRESSION OF MIR-23A. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-23A BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF MIR-23A MIMICS OR LENTIVIRUS REDUCED SPINAL CXCR4 AND PREVENTED PSNL-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. IN CONTRAST, KNOCKDOWN OF MIR-23A BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF MIR-23A INHIBITOR OR LENTIVIRUS INDUCED PAIN-LIKE BEHAVIOR, WHICH WAS REDUCED BY CXCR4 INHIBITION. ADDITIONALLY, MIR-23A KNOCKDOWN OR CXCR4 OVEREXPRESSION IN NAIVE MICE COULD INCREASE THE THIOREDOXIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN (TXNIP), WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUCTION OF NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR PROTEIN 3 (NLRP3) INFLAMMASOME. INDEED, CXCR4 AND TXNIP WERE CO-EXPRESSED. THE MAMMAL TWO-HYBRID ASSAY REVEALED THE DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN CXCR4 AND TXNIP, WHICH WAS INCREASED IN THE SPINAL CORD OF PSNL MICE. IN PARTICULAR, INHIBITION OF TXNIP REVERSED PAIN BEHAVIOR ELICITED BY PSNL, MIR-23A KNOCKDOWN, OR CXCR4 OVEREXPRESSION. MOREOVER, MIR-23A OVEREXPRESSION OR CXCR4 KNOCKDOWN INHIBITED THE INCREASE OF TXNIP AND NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME IN PSNL MICE. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-23A, BY DIRECTLY TARGETING CXCR4, REGULATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA TXNIP/NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME AXIS IN SPINAL GLIAL CELLS. EPIGENETIC INTERVENTIONS AGAINST MIR-23A, CXCR4, OR TXNIP MAY POTENTIALLY SERVE AS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES IN TREATING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY.	2018	
        
16  3519  15 IGF-1 SIGNALING IN NEONATAL HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION. PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IS A FATAL DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE ACCOMPANIED BY PULMONARY VASCULAR REMODELING AND INCREASED VASOMOTOR TONE. ALTHOUGH SOME BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN NEONATAL HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH), LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PH IN NEONATES. IN THIS STUDY, USING A MODEL OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED PH IN NEONATAL MICE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE GROWTH FACTOR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1), A POTENT ACTIVATOR OF THE AKT SIGNALING PATHWAY, IS INVOLVED IN NEONATAL PH. AFTER EXPOSURE TO HYPOXIA, IGF-1 SIGNALING IS ACTIVATED IN PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN VITRO, AND THE IGF-1 DOWNSTREAM SIGNAL PAKT(S473) IS UPREGULATED IN LUNGS OF NEONATAL MICE. WE FOUND THAT IGF-1 REGULATES ET-1 EXPRESSION IN PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND THAT IGF-1 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). IN ADDITION, THERE IS A DIFFERENTIAL CYTOSINE METHYLATION SITE IN THE IGF-1 PROMOTER REGION IN RESPONSE TO NEONATAL HYPOXIA. MOREOVER, INHIBITION OF HDACS WITH APICIDIN DECREASES NEONATAL HYPOXIA-INDUCED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN LUNGS AND SPECIFIC CYTOSINE METHYLATION LEVELS AROUND THE PULMONARY IGF-1 PROMOTER REGION. FINALLY, HDAC INHIBITION WITH APICIDIN REDUCES CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF IGF-1/PAKT SIGNALING IN LUNGS AND ATTENUATES RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND PULMONARY VASCULAR REMODELING. TAKEN TOGETHER, WE CONCLUDE THAT IGF-1, WHICH IS EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED, IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN NEONATAL MICE. THIS STUDY IMPLICATES A NOVEL HDAC/IGF-1 EPIGENETIC PATHWAY IN THE REGULATION OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED PH AND WARRANTS FURTHER STUDY OF THE ROLE OF IGF-1 IN NEONATAL PULMONARY HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
17   231  13 ADAPTIVE CARDIORESPIRATORY CHANGES TO CHRONIC CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA. THIS CHAPTER REVIEWS CARDIORESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA (CH) EXPERIENCED AT HIGH ALTITUDE AND CARDIORESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES ELICITED BY CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA (CIH) OCCURRING WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA). SHORT-TERM CH INCREASES BREATHING (VENTILATORY ACCLIMATIZATION TO HYPOXIA) AND BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) THROUGH CAROTID BODY (CB) CHEMO REFLEX. HYPERPLASIA OF GLOMUS CELLS, ALTERATIONS IN ION CHANNELS, AND RECRUITMENT OF ADDITIONAL EXCITATORY MOLECULES ARE IMPLICATED IN THE HEIGHTENED CB CHEMO REFLEX BY CH. TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTORS (HIF-1 AND 2) IS A MAJOR MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING RESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS TO SHORT-TERM CH. HIGH-ALTITUDE NATIVES EXPERIENCING LONG-TERM CH EXHIBIT BLUNTED HYPOXIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE (HVR) AND REDUCED BP DUE TO DESENSITIZATION OF CB RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA AND IMPAIRED PROCESSING OF CB SENSORY INFORMATION AT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. VENTILATORY CHANGES EVOKED BY LONG-TERM CH ARE NOT READILY REVERSED AFTER RETURN TO SEA LEVEL. OSA PATIENTS AND RODENTS SUBJECTED TO CIH EXHIBIT HEIGHTENED CB CHEMO REFLEX, INCREASED HYPOXIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE, AND HYPERTENSION. INCREASED GENERATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) IS A MAJOR CELLULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING CIH-INDUCED ENHANCED CB CHEMO REFLEX AND THE ENSUING CARDIORESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES. ROS GENERATION BY CIH IS MEDIATED BY NONTRANSCRIPTIONAL, DISRUPTED HIF-1 AND HIF-2-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONS AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18   201  20 ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 PROTECTS AGAINST PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE VIA THE AUTOPHAGY MOLECULE BECLIN-1 PATHWAY. ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (ATF3), A CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN/ATF FAMILY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MEMBER, HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM AND IS RAPIDLY INDUCED BY ISCHEMIC-REPERFUSION INJURIES. WE PERFORMED TRANSVERSE AORTIC BANDING (TAB) EXPERIMENTS USING ATF3 GENE-DELETED MICE (ATF3(-/-)) AND WILD-TYPE (WT) MICE TO DETERMINE WHAT EFFECT IT MIGHT HAVE ON HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY PRESSURE OVERLOADING. COMPARED WITH THE WT MICE, ATF3(-/-) MICE WERE FOUND BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TO HAVE DECREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY WITH LOSS OF NORMAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC REMODELING. THE ATF3(-/-) MICE HAD GREATER NUMBERS OF TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE-MEDIATED DIGOXIGENIN-DEOXYURIDINE NICK-END LABELING-POSITIVE CELLS AND HIGHER LEVELS OF ACTIVATED CASPASE-3, AS WELL AS MORE APOPTOSIS. RESTORATION OF ATF3 EXPRESSION IN THE HEART OF ATF3(-/-) MICE BY ADENOVIRUS-INDUCED ATF3 TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY AFTER TAB. THE RESULTS FROM MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, INCLUDING CHROMATIN IMMUNE-PRECIPITATION AND IN VITRO /IN VIVO PROMOTER ASSAYS, SHOWED THAT ATF3 BOUND TO THE ATF/CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT OF THE BECLIN-1 PROMOTER AND THAT ATF3 REDUCED AUTOPHAGY VIA SUPPRESSION OF THE BECLIN-1-DEPENDENT PATHWAY. FURTHERMORE, INFUSION OF TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ), A SELECTIVE ATF3 INDUCER, INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF ATF3 VIA THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR, INHIBITED TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DILATATION, AND INCREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY, THEREBY RESCUING HEART FAILURE. OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED A NEW EPIGENETIC REGULATION MEDIATED BY THE STRESS-INDUCIBLE GENE ATF3 ON TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE ATF3 ACTIVATOR TBHQ MAY HAVE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY CHRONIC HYPERTENSION OR OTHER PRESSURE OVERLOAD MECHANISMS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  3868  17 JMJD6 EXERTS FUNCTION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP) CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT HISTONE METHYLATION IS IMPORTANT IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MAY AFFECT NUCLEAR FACTOR?KAPPAB (NF?KAPPAB) SIGNALING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF JUMONJI C DOMAIN 6 (JMJD6), A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, IN A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MODEL OF NPP. ON THE THIRD DAY POST?CCI SURGERY, A JMJD6 OVEREXPRESSING LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (LV?JMJD6) WAS INTRATHECALLY INJECTED IN THE RATS. MECHANICAL WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD AND THERMAL WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE ASSESSED PRIOR SURGERY AND ON DAYS 3, 7, 10 AND 14 POST?CCI. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH THE LV?JMJD6 ATTENUATED CCI?INDUCED PAIN FACILITATION. THE EXPRESSION OF JMJD6 WAS LOWER FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY, AND ITS EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED FOLLOWING INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH LEVELS IN NORMAL SALINE (NS)? AND NEGATIVE CONTROL LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (NC)?TREATED RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF SPINAL NF?KAPPAB PHOSPHORYLATED (P?)P65 SUBUNIT AND ITS DOWNSTREAM PAIN?ASSOCIATED EFFECTORS, INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN 1BETA (IL?1BETA), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR?ALPHA (TNF?ALPHA) AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), WERE INCREASED FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6 SUPPRESSED ACTIVATION OF THE P?P65 SUBUNIT IN CCI RATS. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS IL?1BETA, TNF?ALPHA AND VEGF WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL TREATMENT WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE NS? AND NC?TREATED CCI RATS. FURTHERMORE, THE JMJD6? AND P65?IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS OVERLAPPED IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, HOWEVER, CO?IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT JMJD6 AND THE NF?KAPPAB P65 SUBUNIT DID NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT, INDICATING OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIONS MAY EXIST BETWEEN THESE FACTORS FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. COLLECTIVELY, THESE FINDINGS INDICATED AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF NPP. JMJD6 MAY EXERT ITS THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION IN NPP BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING CCI.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                   
20  2356  19 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION-INDUCED VASCULAR AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELING: NEW OPPORTUNITIES? PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION (PAH) IS A RARE CHRONIC DISEASE WITH HIGH IMPACT ON PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE AND CURRENTLY NO AVAILABLE CURE. PAH IS CHARACTERIZED BY CONSTANT REMODELING OF THE PULMONARY ARTERY BY INCREASED PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMCS), FIBROBLASTS (FBS) AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS). THIS REMODELING EVENTUALLY LEADS TO INCREASED PRESSURE IN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE (RV) AND SUBSEQUENT RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY (RVH) WHICH, WHEN LEFT UNTREATED, PROGRESSES INTO RIGHT VENTRICLE FAILURE (RVF). PAH CAN NOT ONLY ORIGINATE FROM HERITABLE MUTATIONS, BUT ALSO DEVELOP AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OR TOXINS, HIV, CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE OR BE IDIOPATHIC. WHILE MUCH ATTENTION WAS DRAWN INTO INVESTIGATING AND DEVELOPING THERAPIES RELATED TO THE MOST WELL UNDERSTOOD SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PAH, IN THE LAST DECADE, A SHIFT TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS DRIVING THE DISEASE OCCURRED. IN THIS REVIEW, WE REFLECT ON THE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC REGULATORY FACTORS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOLOGY OF RV REMODELING, AND ON THEIR RELEVANCE TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE AND SUBSEQUENTLY, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND MORE EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2020