1  5915 124 TARGETING A PHOSPHO-STAT3-MIRNAS PATHWAY IMPROVES VESICULAR HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODEL. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. ALTHOUGH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE IS STILL EMERGING. HERE WE INVESTIGATED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF A MICRORNAS-STAT3 PATHWAY IN THE INDUCTION OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS. DIFFERENTIATED HEPARG CELLS TREATED WITH THE FATTY ACID SODIUM OLEATE (FATTY DHEPARG) RECAPITULATED FEATURES OF LIVER VESICULAR STEATOSIS AND ACTIVATED A CELL-AUTONOMOUS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INDUCING STAT3-TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATION. WITH A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING), MANY PHOSPHO-STAT3 BINDING SITES WERE IDENTIFIED IN FATTY DHEPARG CELLS AND SEVERAL STAT3 AND/OR NAFLD-REGULATED MICRORNAS SHOWED INCREASED EXPRESSION LEVELS, INCLUDING MIR-21. INNOVATIVE CARS (COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING) MICROSCOPY REVEALED THAT CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF STAT3 ACTIVITY DECREASED LIPID ACCUMULATION AND DEREGULATED STAT3-RESPONSIVE MICRORNAS, INCLUDING MIR-21, IN LIPID OVERLOADED DHEPARG CELLS. WE WERE ABLE TO SHOW IN VIVO THAT REDUCING PHOSPHO-STAT3-MIR-21 LEVELS IN C57/BL6 MICE LIVER, BY LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH METFORMIN, PROTECTED MICE FROM AGING-DEPENDENT HEPATIC VESICULAR STEATOSIS. OUR RESULTS IDENTIFIED A MICRORNAS-PHOSPHOSTAT3 PATHWAY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS, WHICH MAY REPRESENT A MOLECULAR MARKER FOR BOTH DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  5165  36 PRECLINICAL RESERPINE MODELS RECAPITULATING MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR FEATURES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE: ROLES OF EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AND AUTOPHAGY IMPAIRMENT. RESERPINE IS AN EFFECTIVE DRUG FOR THE CLINICAL TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. IT ALSO INDUCES PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD)-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS POSSIBLE THROUGH THE INHIBITION OF MONOAMINE VESICULAR TRANSPORTERS, THUS DECREASING THE LEVELS OF MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, THE PRECISE MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HEREIN, WE AIMED TO DEVELOP A PRECLINICAL RESERPINE MODEL RECAPITULATING THE NON-MOTOR AND MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PD AND INVESTIGATE THE UNDERLYING POTENTIAL CELLULAR MECHANISMS. INCUBATION OF RESERPINE INDUCED APOPTOSIS, LED TO THE ACCUMULATION OF INTRACELLULAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), LOWERED DNA METHYLATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN GENE, RESULTED IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PROTEIN DEPOSITION, AND ELEVATED THE RATIO OF LC3-II/LC3-I AND P62 IN CULTURED SH-SY5Y CELLS. FEEDING RESERPINE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY SHORTENED THE LIFESPAN AND CAUSED IMPAIRMENT OF MOTOR FUNCTIONS IN MALE AND FEMALE DROSOPHILA. MOREOVER, LONG-TERM ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF RESERPINE LED TO MULTIPLE MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING CONSTIPATION, PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, OLFACTORY IMPAIRMENT, AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE. THE MECHANISTIC STUDIES SHOWED THAT CHRONIC RESERPINE EXPOSURE CAUSED HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN GENE AND UP-REGULATED ITS EXPRESSION AND ELEVATED THE RATIO OF LC3-II/LC3-I AND EXPRESSION OF P62 IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA OF MICE. THUS, WE ESTABLISHED PRECLINICAL ANIMAL MODELS USING RESERPINE TO RECAPITULATE THE MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PD. CHRONIC RESERPINE EXPOSURE EPIGENETICALLY ELEVATED THE LEVELS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN EXPRESSION POSSIBLE BY LOWERING THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND INDUCING AUTOPHAGIC IMPAIRMENT IN VITRO AND IN VIVO.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  5006  38 PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IS ACCOMPANIED BY CHRONIC TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE CHANGES IN THE MOUSE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY CAN HAVE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES INCLUDING PAIN-RELATED MANIFESTATIONS, SUCH AS HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CUTANEOUS STIMULI, AS WELL AS AFFECTIVE AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES, SUGGESTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUPRASPINAL MECHANISMS. CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURE AND CORTICAL FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH MANY CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THE PFC IS IMPLICATED IN PAIN-RELATED CO-MORBIDITIES SUCH AS DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND IMPAIRED EMOTIONAL DECISION-MAKING ABILITY. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT THIS REGION IS SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND NORMALIZATION OF PAIN-RELATED STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE PFC ARE ALL ASSOCIATED WITH EFFECTIVE PAIN REDUCTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY TRIGGERS PERSISTENT LONG-LASTING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PFC, WHICH ALTER FUNCTIONAL GENE NETWORKS, THUS PROVIDING A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS: SNI OR SHAM SURGERY WHERE PERFORMED IN MALE CD1 MICE AT THREE MONTHS OF AGE. SIX MONTHS AFTER INJURY, WE PERFORMED TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE SEQUENCING (RNASEQ), WHICH REVEALED 1147 DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED TRANSCRIPTS IN THE PFC IN NERVE-INJURED VS. CONTROL MICE. CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION OCCURRED ACROSS A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL GENE CLUSTERS ENCODING CARDINAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS REVEALED BY INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS. SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE, SKELETAL MUSCULAR DISORDERS, BEHAVIOR, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. SEVERAL OF THE CHANGES DETECTED BY RNASEQ WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR AND INCLUDED TRANSCRIPTS WITH KNOWN ROLES IN CHRONIC PAIN AND/OR NEURONAL PLASTICITY INCLUDING THE NMDA RECEPTOR (GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR, IONOTROPIC, NMDA; GRIN1), NEURITE OUTGROWTH (ROUNDABOUT 3; ROBO3), GLIOSIS (GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GFAP), VESICULAR RELEASE (SYNAPTOTAGMIN 2; SYT2), AND NEURONAL EXCITABILITY (VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL, TYPE I; SCN1A). CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY USED AN UNBIASED APPROACH TO DOCUMENT LONG-TERM ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. WE PROPOSE THAT THESE CHANGES ARE MAINTAINED AS A MEMORY OF AN INSULT THAT IS TEMPORALLY AND SPATIALLY DISTANT FROM THE INITIAL INJURY.	2013	
                                          
4  4212  27 METHAMPHETAMINE DOWNREGULATES STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS VIA DIVERSE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE (METH) EXPOSURE CAUSES NEUROADAPTATIONS AT GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSES. METHODS: TO IDENTIFY THE METH-INDUCED EPIGENETIC UNDERPINNINGS OF THESE NEUROADAPTATIONS, WE INJECTED INCREASING METH DOSES TO RATS FOR 2 WEEKS AND MEASURED STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION. WE THEN QUANTIFIED THE EFFECTS OF METH EXPOSURE ON HISTONE ACETYLATION. WE ALSO MEASURED METH-INDUCED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION. RESULTS: CHRONIC METH DECREASED TRANSCRIPT AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF GLUA1 AND GLUA2 ALPHA-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-ISOXAZOLE PROPIONIC ACID RECEPTOR (AMPAR) AND GLUN1 N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. THESE CHANGES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL GLUTAMATERGIC RESPONSES IN STRIATAL NEURONS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION REVEALED THAT METH DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H4 ON GLUA1, GLUA2, AND GLUN1 PROMOTERS. METHAMPHETAMINE EXPOSURE ALSO INCREASED REPRESSOR ELEMENT-1 SILENCING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (REST) COREPRESSOR 1, METHYLATED CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 ENRICHMENT, BUT NOT OF SIRTUIN 1 OR SIRTUIN 2, ONTO GLUA1 AND GLUA2 GENE SEQUENCES. MOREOVER, METH CAUSED INTERACTIONS OF REST COREPRESSOR 1 AND METHYLATED CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 AND OF REST WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1. SURPRISINGLY, METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION REVEALED METH-INDUCED DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE AT GLUA1 AND GLUA2 PROMOTER SEQUENCES. IMPORTANTLY, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, VALPROIC ACID, BLOCKED METH-INDUCED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF AMPAR AND N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. FINALLY, VALPROIC ACID ALSO ATTENUATED METH-INDUCED DECREASE H4K16AC RECRUITMENT ON AMPAR GENE SEQUENCES. CONCLUSIONS: THESE OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT HISTONE H4 HYPOACETYLATION MAY BE THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF METH-INDUCED DECREASED STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  2362  31 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SNAP25 PREVENTS PROGRESSIVE GLUTAMATE EXCITOTOXICTY IN HYPOXIC CA3 NEURONS. EXPOSURE TO GLOBAL HYPOXIA AND ISCHEMIA HAS BEEN REPORTED TO CAUSE NEURODEGENERATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS WITH CA3 NEURONS. THIS NEURONAL DAMAGE IS PROGRESSIVE DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF EXPOSURE BUT MAINTAINS A PLATEAU ON PROLONGED EXPOSURE. THE PRESENT STUDY ON SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS AIMED AT UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO HYPOXIC ADAPTATION OF CA3 NEURONS ON PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO A GLOBAL HYPOXIA. OUR RESULTS SHOW STAGNANCY IN NEURODEGENERATION IN CA3 REGION BEYOND 14 DAYS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPOBARIA SIMULATING AN ALTITUDE OF 25,000 FT. DESPITE INCREASED SYNAPTOSOMAL GLUTAMATE AND HIGHER EXPRESSION OF NR1 SUBUNIT OF NMDA RECEPTORS, WE OBSERVED DECREASE IN POST-SYNAPTIC DENSITY AND ACCUMULATION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES AT THE PRE-SYNAPTIC TERMINALS. MOLECULAR INVESTIGATIONS INVOLVING WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME PCR SHOWED DURATION-DEPENDENT DECREASE IN THE EXPRESSION OF SNAP-25 RESULTING IN REDUCED VESICULAR DOCKING AND SYNAPTIC REMODELING. CHIP ASSAYS FOR EPIGENETIC FACTORS SHOWED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF H3K9AC AND H3K14AC RESULTING IN SNAP-25 PROMOTER SILENCING DURING PROLONGED HYPOXIA. ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM BUTYRATE, A NON-SPECIFIC HDAC INHIBITOR, DURING 21 DAYS HYPOXIC EXPOSURE PREVENTED SNAP-25 DOWNREGULATION BUT INCREASED CA3 NEURODEGENERATION. THIS EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SNAP-25 PROMOTER WAS INDEPENDENT OF INCREASED DNMT3B EXPRESSION AND PROMOTER METHYLATION. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE A NOVEL INSIGHT INTO EPIGENETIC FACTORS-MEDIATED SYNAPTIC REMODELING TO PREVENT EXCITOTOXIC NEURODEGENERATION ON PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO GLOBAL HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  2702  27 EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ADDITIVELY IMPAIR METABOLIC FUNCTION AND IDENTITY OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS. A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+) CONCENTRATION (REFERRED TO HEREAFTER AS EXCITOTOXICITY), BROUGHT ON BY CHRONIC METABOLIC STRESS, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FAILURE. TO DETERMINE THE ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ON BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND GENE EXPRESSION, WE ANALYZED THE IMPACT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) ON ABCC8 KNOCKOUT MICE. EXCITOTOXICITY CAUSED BETA-CELLS TO BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO HFD-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, AND THESE EFFECTS WERE MITIGATED BY VERAPAMIL, A CA(2+) CHANNEL BLOCKER. EXCITOTOXICITY, OVERNUTRITION, AND THE COMBINATION OF BOTH STRESSES CAUSED SIMILAR BUT DISTINCT ALTERATIONS IN THE BETA-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME, INCLUDING ADDITIVE INCREASES IN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY METABOLISM, FATTY ACID BETA-OXIDATION, AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND THEIR KEY REGULATOR PPARGC1A OVERNUTRITION WORSENED EXCITOTOXICITY-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, INCREASING METABOLIC INFLEXIBILITY AND MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE. IN ADDITION, EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION, INDIVIDUALLY AND TOGETHER, IMPAIRED BOTH BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND IDENTITY BY REDUCING EXPRESSION OF GENES IMPORTANT FOR INSULIN SECRETION, CELL POLARITY, CELL JUNCTION, CILIA, CYTOSKELETON, VESICULAR TRAFFICKING, AND REGULATION OF BETA-CELL EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM. SEX HAD AN IMPACT ON ALL BETA-CELL RESPONSES, WITH MALE ANIMALS EXHIBITING GREATER METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENTS THAN FEMALES. TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+), BY ALTERING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND IMPAIRING BETA-CELL IDENTITY, AUGMENTS OVERNUTRITION-INDUCED BETA-CELL FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  3331  28 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  5657  25 SEX-DEPENDENT PRONOCICEPTIVE ROLE OF SPINAL ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ITS EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN NEUROPATHIC RODENTS. EXTRASYNAPTIC ALPHA(5) -SUBUNIT CONTAINING GABA(A) (ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) ) RECEPTORS PARTICIPATE IN CHRONIC PAIN. PREVIOUSLY, WE REPORTED A SEX DIFFERENCE IN THE ACTION OF ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTORS IN DYSFUNCTIONAL PAIN. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THIS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN NEUROPATHIC RODENTS AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED. FEMALE AND MALE WISTAR RATS OR ICR MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO NERVE INJURY FOLLOWED BY ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR INVERSE AGONIST INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION, L-655,708. THE DRUG PRODUCED AN ANTIALLODYNIC EFFECT IN NERVE-INJURED FEMALE RATS AND MICE, AND A LOWER EFFECT IN MALES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHANGES IN ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR, PROBABLY INFLUENCED BY HORMONAL AND EPIGENETIC STATUS, MIGHT UNDERLIE THIS SEX DIFFERENCE. THUS, WE PERFORMED QPCR AND WESTERN BLOT. NERVE INJURY INCREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) MRNA AND PROTEIN IN FEMALE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AND DECREASED THEM IN DRG AND SPINAL CORD OF MALES. TO INVESTIGATE THE HORMONAL INFLUENCE OVER ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR ACTIONS, WE PERFORMED NERVE INJURY TO OVARIECTOMIZED RATS AND RECONSTITUTED THEM WITH 17BETA-ESTRADIOL (E2). OVARIECTOMY ABROGATED L-655,708 ANTIALLODYNIC EFFECT AND E2 RESTORED IT. OVARIECTOMY DECREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA PROTEIN IN DRG OF NEUROPATHIC FEMALE RATS, WHILE E2 ENHANCED THEM. SINCE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR DOWN-REGULATION IN MALES, WE EXAMINED CPG ISLAND DNA METHYLATION OF ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR CODING GENE THROUGH PYROSEQUENCING. NERVE INJURY INCREASED METHYLATION IN MALE, BUT NOT FEMALE RATS. PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES INCREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ENABLED L-655,708 ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT IN MALE RATS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR IS A SUITABLE TARGET TO TREAT CHRONIC PAIN IN FEMALES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  2300  28 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10   431  28 ANTIDEPRESSANT ADMINISTRATION MODULATES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE EXPRESSION IN RAT PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS. STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT CAN MODULATE DNA METHYLATION IN PROMOTER REGION OF GENES RELATED TO NEUROPLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION, THUS IMPLICATING THIS EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN DEPRESSION NEUROBIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. ACCORDINGLY, SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) INHIBITORS INDUCES ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN RODENTS. DNA METHYLATION IS CONVEYED BY DNMT 1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS, WHICH ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN. IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE IF THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS INDUCED BY ACUTE AND REPEATED ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT ON DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION (1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS) IN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO A STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION, THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS (LH). THEREFORE, RATS WERE EXPOSED TO PRETEST AND TREATED WITH ONE OR SEVEN INJECTIONS OF VEHICLE OR IMIPRAMINE (15 MG KG(-1)), WITH TEST SESSION PERFORMED ONE HOUR AFTER THE LAST INJECTION. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED ESCAPE FAILURES DURING THE TEST, A WELL DESCRIBED ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN THIS MODEL. DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT (1, 3A AND 3B) LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC, VHPC) AND IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF RATS EXPOSED TO STRESS AND TREATMENT. STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B EXPRESSION IN THE DHPC AND PFC. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED STRESS EFFECTS ONLY IN THE PFC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PFC MAY BE AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN THE LH MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11  2197  26 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA MIR-30A-3P/EP300 AXIS IN CCI RATS. RECENT INVESTIGATION OF MICRORNAS ON CHRONIC PAIN HAS DEVELOPED A BREAKTHROUGH IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, DECREASED EXPRESSION OF MIR-30A-3P WAS REPORTED USING QRT-PCR ANALYSIS AND LOSS OF MIR-30A-3P PROMOTED NEUROPATHIC PAIN PROGRESSION IN SCIATIC NERVE CHRONIC CONSTRICTIVE INJURY RATS THROUGH DETERMINING THE PAIN THRESHOLD. WE PREDICTED MIR-30A-3P COULD TARGET E-CADHERIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR (EP300) VIA BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. MEANWHILE, WE FOUND THAT BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE EXHIBITED THAT EP300 EPIGENETICALLY UP-REGULATED BDNF VIA ENHANCING ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AND H4 ON THE PROMOTER. FOR ANOTHER, MIR-30A-3P WAS ABLE TO MODIFY THE LEVEL OF BDNF AND ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AND H4. LOSS OF MIR-30A-3P ENHANCED EP300 AND BDNF COLOCALIZATION IN CCI RATS. SUBSEQUENTLY, IT WAS SHOWN THAT INCREASED EP300 INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY AN ENHANCEMENT OF NEURONAL BDNF LEVEL IN VIVO. TO SUM UP, IT WAS REVEALED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF PROMOTED NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA EP300 INDUCED BY MIR-30A-3P IN CCI RATS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12  1320  29 DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS IS IMPLICATED IN OPIOID-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RATS. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE MAY RESULT IN OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (OIH), WHICH INVOLVES ALTERED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS GENES, INCLUDING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS. YET, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW BDNF EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF CERTAIN BDNF GENE PROMOTERS IN DRG NEURONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH. REAL-TIME RT-PCR WAS USED TO ASSESS CHANGES IN THE MRNA TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF MAJOR BDNF EXONS INCLUDING EXON I, II, IV, VI, AS WELL AS TOTAL BDNF MRNA IN DRGS FROM RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION. THE LEVELS OF EXON IV AND TOTAL BDNF MRNA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED BY REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, AS COMPARED TO THAT IN SALINE CONTROL GROUP. FURTHER, ELISA ARRAY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY REVEALED A ROBUST UPREGULATION OF BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. CORRESPONDINGLY, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF BDNF EXON IV PROMOTER SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION BY MORPHINE TREATMENT. IMPORTANTLY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF A BDNF ANTIBODY, BUT NOT CONTROL IGG, SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT DEVELOPED IN RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. CONVERSELY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF DNA METHYLATION, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA-DC) MARKEDLY UPREGULATED THE BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AND ENHANCED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE PROMOTER MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  3082  40 GENOME-WIDE REDISTRIBUTION OF MECP2 IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. BACKGROUND: METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2), A PROTEIN WITH AFFINITY FOR METHYLATED CYTOSINES, IS CRUCIAL FOR NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. MECP2 REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH ACTIVATION, REPRESSION AND CHROMATIN REMODELING. MUTATIONS IN MECP2 CAUSE RETT SYNDROME, AND THESE PATIENTS DISPLAY IMPAIRED NOCICEPTION. WE OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN MECP2 EXPRESSION IN MOUSE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. THE FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATION OF INCREASED MECP2 IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. TO IDENTIFY REGIONS OF THE GENOME BOUND BY MECP2 IN THE DRG AND THE CHANGES INDUCED BY NERVE INJURY, A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION OF MECP2 FOLLOWED BY SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) WAS PERFORMED 4 WEEKS AFTER SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI). RESULTS: WHILE THE NUMBER OF BINDING SITES ACROSS THE GENOME REMAINED SIMILAR IN THE SNI MODEL AND SHAM CONTROL, SNI INDUCED THE REDISTRIBUTION OF MECP2 TO TRANSCRIPTIONALLY RELEVANT REGIONS. TO DETERMINE HOW DIFFERENTIAL BINDING OF MECP2 CAN AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DRG, WE INVESTIGATED MMU-MIR-126, A MICRORNA LOCUS THAT HAD ENRICHED MECP2 BINDING IN THE SNI MODEL. ENRICHED MECP2 BINDING TO MIR-126 LOCUS AFTER NERVE INJURY REPRESSED MIR-126 EXPRESSION, AND THIS WAS NOT MEDIATED BY ALTERATIONS IN METHYLATION PATTERN AT THE MIR-126 LOCUS. DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-126 RESULTED IN THE UPREGULATION OF ITS TWO TARGET GENES DNMT1 AND VEGFA IN NEURO 2A CELLS AND IN SNI MODEL COMPARED TO CONTROL. THESE TARGET GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN MECP2-NULL MICE COMPARED TO WILD-TYPE LITTERMATES, INDICATING A REGULATORY ROLE FOR MECP2 IN ACTIVATING DNMT1 AND VEGFA EXPRESSION. INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF MIR-126 WAS NOT SUFFICIENT TO REVERSE NERVE INJURY-INDUCED MECHANICAL AND THERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, BUT DECREASED DNMT1 AND VEGFA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SHOWS A REGULATORY ROLE FOR MECP2 IN THAT CHANGES IN GLOBAL REDISTRIBUTION CAN RESULT IN DIRECT AND INDIRECT MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DRG. ALTERATIONS IN GENOME-WIDE BINDING OF MECP2 THEREFORE PROVIDE A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION-INDUCED MOLECULAR CHANGES UNDERLYING NERVE INJURY.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14  1003  23 CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX-DEPENDENT ANALGESIC EFFECTS AND MODULATES HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN FEMALE MICE. GENDER AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN PAIN RECOGNITION AND DRUG RESPONSES HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PAIN. AMONG ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CONTRADICTORY RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIS). THIS STUDY EVALUATED SEX DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO THE SSRI FLUOXETINE AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE MOUSE FORMALIN TEST. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE CD1 MICE WERE INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED WITH FLUOXETINE (10 MG/KG) FOR 21 DAYS AND SUBJECTED TO PAIN ASSESSMENT. FLUOXETINE TREATMENT REDUCED THE SECOND PHASE OF THE FORMALIN TEST ONLY IN FEMALE MICE WITHOUT PRODUCING BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN MALES. WE ALSO OBSERVED THAT FLUOXETINE WAS ABLE TO SPECIFICALLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR TYPE-2 (MGLU2) IN FEMALES. ALSO A REDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYME, HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2), IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AND DORSAL HORN (DH) TOGETHER WITH AN INCREASE HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION (H3) LEVEL WAS OBSERVED IN FEMALES BUT NOT IN MALES. WITH THIS STUDY WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX SPECIFIC CHANGES IN HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN THE DH OF THE SPINAL CORD AND IN DRGS AND SUGGESTS A MOLECULAR EXPLANATION FOR THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS IN FEMALE MICE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15  4913  32 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  1800  23 EFFECT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY IS OBSERVED FOLLOWING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, AND ATTEMPTS TO ALLEVIATE THIS HYPERALGESIA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CYCLE OF ADDICTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WAS OBSERVED IN A CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE MODEL AND IF THIS PAIN WAS AFFECTED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS, THUS REVEALING AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS RECEIVED LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID CONTROL OR ETHANOL (9% V/V) DIET FOR 15 DAYS. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY HAIR STIMULATION OF THE HINDPAW DURING ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND 24- AND 72-HOUR WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL PRODUCED SEVERE AND SUSTAINED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA, AN EFFECT NOT OBSERVED IN THE CONTROL OR ETHANOL-MAINTAINED GROUPS. FURTHERMORE, THIS HYPERALGESIA WAS ATTENUATED BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: HEIGHTENED PAIN SENSITIVITY WAS OBSERVED FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COULD BE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THIS ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  2778  32 EZH1 IS AN ANTIPSYCHOTIC-SENSITIVE EPIGENETIC MODULATOR OF SOCIAL AND MOTIVATIONAL BEHAVIOR THAT IS DYSREGULATED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. BACKGROUND: WITH THE CAPACITY TO MODULATE GENE NETWORKS IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-SENSITIVE MANNER, THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC SYSTEMS IN MENTAL DISORDERS HAS COME UNDER INTENSE INVESTIGATION. DYSREGULATION OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTORS, INCLUDING MICRORNAS AND HISTONE-MODIFYING ENZYMES, MAY BETTER EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS AND THE OBSERVED HERITABILITY RATE THAT CANNOT BE FULLY ATTRIBUTED TO KNOWN GENETIC RISK ALLELES. HERE, WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL EPIGENETIC TARGETS OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIA-ASSOCIATED MICRORNA 132 (MIR-132). METHODS: HISTONE MODIFICATIONS WERE QUANTIFIED BY IMMUNODETECTION IN RESPONSE TO VIRAL-MEDIATED OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-132 WHILE A LUMINESCENT REPORTER SYSTEM WAS USED TO VALIDATE TARGETS OF MIR-132 IN VITRO. GENOME-WIDE PROFILING, QUANTITATIVE PCR AND NANOSTING WERE USED TO QUANTIFY GENE EXPRESSION IN POST-MORTEM HUMAN BRAINS, NEURONAL CULTURES AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ANTIPSYCHOTICS. FOLLOWING VIRAL-MEDIATED DEPLETION OF ENHANCER OF ZESTE 1 (EZH1) IN THE MURINE PFC, BEHAVIORS INCLUDING SOCIABILITY AND MOTIVATION WERE ASSESSED USING A 3-CHAMBERED APPARATUS AND FORCED-SWIM TEST, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-132 DECREASED GLOBAL HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 TRI-METHYLATION (H3K27ME3), A REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARK. MOREOVER, THE POLYCOMB-ASSOCIATED H3K27 METHYLTRANSFERASE, EZH1, IS REGULATED BY MIR-132 AND UPREGULATED IN THE PFC OF SCHIZOPHRENICS. UNLIKE ITS HOMOLOG EZH2, EXPRESSION OF EZH1 IN THE MURINE PFC DECREASED FOLLOWING CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ANTIPSYCHOTICS. VIRAL-MEDIATED DEPLETION OF EZH1 IN THE MOUSE PFC ATTENUATED SOCIABILITY, ENHANCED MOTIVATIONAL BEHAVIORS, AND AFFECTED GENE EXPRESSION PATHWAYS RELATED TO NEUROTRANSMISSION AND BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES. CONCLUSIONS: EZH1 IS DYSREGULATED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, SENSITIVE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS, AND A BRAIN-ENRICHED MIR-132 TARGET THAT CONTROLS NEUROBEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18   893  25 CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL IMPAIR SYNAPTIC GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) ACTS AS AN INTEGRATIVE HUB FOR THE PROCESSING OF CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL INPUT INTO MEANINGFUL EFFERENT SIGNALING, PERMITTING COMPLEX ASSOCIATIVE BEHAVIORS. PFC DYSFUNCTION IS CONSISTENTLY OBSERVED WITH ETHANOL (ETOH) DEPENDENCE AND IS A CORE COMPONENT OF THE PATHOLOGY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IN CURRENT MODELS OF ADDICTION. WHILE INTRACORTICAL GAMMA-AMINOBUTRYRIC ACID (GABA)ERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING COORDINATED NETWORK ACTIVITY WITHIN THE CORTEX, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING FUNCTIONAL GABAERGIC ADAPTATIONS IN PFC DURING ETOH DEPENDENCE. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, MALE AND FEMALE (> POSTNATAL DAY 60) SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE ADMINISTERED ETOH (5.0 G/KG; INTRAGASTRIC GAVAGE) FOR 14 TO 15 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. TWENTY-FOUR HOURS AFTER THE FINAL ADMINISTRATION, ANIMALS WERE SACRIFICED AND BRAINS EXTRACTED FOR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDINGS OF ISOLATED GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED CURRENTS OR ANALYSIS OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DEEP-LAYER PFC NEURONS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SPONTANEOUS GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENT (IPSC) FREQUENCY WITH NO EFFECT ON AMPLITUDE. FURTHERMORE, ANALYSIS OF IPSC DECAY KINETICS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENT OF IPSC DECAY TIME THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREMENTS IN EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT, INDICATIVE OF FURTHER IMPAIRED PHASIC INHIBITION. THESE PHENOMENA OCCURRED IRRESPECTIVE OF NEURON PROJECTION DESTINATION AND SEX. BASED ON PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS BY OUR LABORATORY OF AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN CORTICAL GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A WAS ADMINISTERED TO WATER- AND ETOH-EXPOSED ANIMALS, AND PREVENTED ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN SPONTANEOUS IPSC FREQUENCY, IPSC DECAY KINETICS, AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PYRAMIDAL NEURONS OF THE MEDIAL PFC IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE RATS. THESE MALADAPTATIONS OCCUR IN NEURONS PROJECTING TO NUMEROUS REGIONS IMPLICATED IN THE SEQUELAE OF ETOH DEPENDENCE, OFFERING A MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN THE MANIFESTATION OF PFC DYSFUNCTION AND NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE STATES OBSERVED WITH EXTENDED CONSUMPTION.	2019	

19  1626  32 DNMT1 MEDIATES CHRONIC PAIN-RELATED DEPRESSION BY INHIBITING GABAERGIC NEURONAL ACTIVATION IN THE CENTRAL AMYGDALA. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PAIN CAN INDUCE DEPRESSIVE EMOTION. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN AND DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF DNMTS IN CHRONIC PAIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: IN WELL-ESTABLISHED SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI)-INDUCED CHRONIC PAIN-RELATED DEPRESSION MODELS, THE EXPRESSION OF DNMTS AND THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF DNMT1 IN CENTRAL AMYGDALA (CEA) GABAERGIC (GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDERGIC) NEURONS WERE INVESTIGATED USING MOLECULAR, PHARMACOLOGICAL, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL, OPTOGENETIC, AND CHEMOGENETIC TECHNIQUES AND BEHAVIORAL TESTS. RESULTS: DNMT1, BUT NOT DNMT3A OR DNMT3B, WAS UPREGULATED IN THE CEA OF RATS WITH SNI-INDUCED CHRONIC PAIN-DEPRESSION. INHIBITION OF DNMT1 BY 5-AZA OR VIRAL KNOCKDOWN OF DNMT1 IN GABAERGIC NEURONS IN THE CEA EFFECTIVELY AMELIORATED THE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC PAIN. THE DNMT1 ACTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION AT THE CPG-RICH GAD1 PROMOTER AND GAD67 DOWNREGULATION, LEADING TO A DECREASE OF GABAERGIC NEURONAL ACTIVITY. OPTOGENETIC ACTIVATION OF GABAERGIC NEURONS IN THE CEA IMPROVED SNI-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. MOREOVER, OPTOGENETIC OR CHEMOGENETIC INHIBITION OF GABAERGIC NEURONS IN THE CEA REVERSED DNMT1 KNOCKDOWN-INDUCED IMPROVEMENT OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN SNI MICE. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DNMT1 IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN-RELATED DEPRESSION BY EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF GAD67, LEADING TO THE INHIBITION OF GABAERGIC NEURONAL ACTIVATION. THIS STUDY INDICATES THAT DNMT1 COULD BE A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN-RELATED DEPRESSION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  6177  27 THE HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE G9A MEDIATES STRESS-REGULATED ALCOHOL DRINKING. THE EPIGENETIC ENZYME G9A IS A HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE THAT DIMETHYLATES LYSINE 9 ON HISTONE H3 (H3K9ME2), AND IN THE ADULT NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), G9A REGULATES MULTIPLE BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER. WE SHOW HERE THAT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (CIE) EXPOSURE IN MALE MICE REDUCED BOTH G9A AND H3K9ME2 LEVELS IN THE ADULT NAC, BUT NOT DORSAL STRIATUM. VIRAL-MEDIATED REDUCTION OF G9A IN THE NAC HAD NO EFFECTS ON BASELINE VOLITIONAL ETHANOL DRINKING OR ESCALATED ALCOHOL DRINKING PRODUCED BY CIE EXPOSURE; HOWEVER, NAC G9A WAS REQUIRED FOR STRESS-REGULATED CHANGES IN ETHANOL DRINKING, INCLUDING POTENTIATED ALCOHOL DRINKING PRODUCED BY ACTIVATION OF THE KAPPA-OPIOID RECEPTOR. IN ADDITION, WE OBSERVED THAT CHRONIC SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF A G9A INHIBITOR, UNC0642, ALSO BLOCKED STRESS-POTENTIATED ALCOHOL DRINKING. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE, SIMILAR TO OTHER ABUSED SUBSTANCES, PRODUCES A NAC-SELECTIVE REDUCTION IN G9A LEVELS THAT SERVES TO LIMIT STRESS-REGULATED ALCOHOL DRINKING. MOREOVER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF G9A MIGHT PROVIDE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO TREAT STRESS-INDUCED ALCOHOL DRINKING, WHICH IS A MAJOR TRIGGER OF RELAPSE IN INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM AUD.	2022