1   471 147 ARISTOLOCHIC ACID CONTAINING HERBS INDUCE GENDER-RELATED ONCOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: IN CHINA, UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA (UTUC) IS LESS PREVALENT BUT MORE MALIGNANT IN MALES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND CAUSES OF GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN CHINESE POPULATIONS. METHODS: BETWEEN 1999 AND 2011, 687 UTUC PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SURGERY WERE UTILIZED FOR THIS STUDY. WE EVALUATED THE DIFFERENCES IN ONCOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS, CANCER-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL (CSS), BLADDER RECURRENCE (BR) RATE, AND CONTRALATERAL UPPER TRACT RECURRENCE (CUTR) RATE. SMOKING HISTORY, BENZENE EXPOSURE HISTORY, AND THE HISTORY OF USING ARISTOLOCHIC ACID (AA) CONTAINING HERBS WERE ANALYZED IN DETAIL. RESULTS: COMPARED WITH MALE PATIENTS, FEMALE PATIENTS SHOWED POORER RENAL FUNCTION, LOWER PROPORTIONS OF TUMOR STAGE III/IV, AND SMALLER TUMOR DIAMETERS. THE CSS IN MALE PATIENTS WAS LOWER THAN THAT IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SIGNIFICANT GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED CONCERNING VARIOUS PROGNOSTIC FACTORS. IN FEMALE PATIENTS, POORER SURVIVAL RATES WERE ATTRIBUTED TO THE PRIMARY TUMOR LOCATION IN THE URETER, LARGE DIAMETER PRIMARY TUMORS, SEVERE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, PAPILLARY TUMOR ARCHITECTURE, HIGH TUMOR STAGES, POSITIVE N STATUS, AND METHYLATED ABCC6 PROMOTERS. IN MALE PATIENTS, OLDER AGE, IPSILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS, LARGE TUMOR DIAMETERS, SESSILE TUMOR ARCHITECTURE, HIGH TUMOR STAGES, AND METHYLATED TMEFF2 PROMOTERS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER CANCER-SPECIFIC MORTALITY. AA MIGHT BE THE MAIN CAUSE OF THESE GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES. THE AA-INDUCED UTUC PATIENTS PRESENTED SMALLER TUMOR DIAMETERS, LOWER TUMOR STAGES, FEWER POSITIVE N STATUSES, MORE MULTIFOCAL TUMORS, LOWER METHYLATION INDICES, AND POORER RENAL FUNCTION. ALTHOUGH AA-INDUCED UTUC PATIENTS EXHIBITED BETTER SURVIVAL RATES, BR AND CUTR RATES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY WORSE. CONCLUSION: IN CHINA, THERE EXIST SIGNIFICANT AA-INDUCED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE UTUC PATIENTS. THE BLADDERS AND CONTRALATERAL UPPER URINARY TRACTS OF AA-INDUCED UTUC PATIENTS SHOULD BE CAREFULLY MONITORED AFTER SURGERY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2    85  19 A NOVEL INDOLE COMPOUND MA-35 ATTENUATES RENAL FIBROSIS BY INHIBITING BOTH TNF-ALPHA AND TGF-BETA(1) PATHWAYS. RENAL FIBROSIS IS CLOSELY RELATED TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND IS UNDER THE CONTROL OF EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS. BECAUSE THE SIGNALING OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA(1) (TGF-BETA(1)) AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) PLAY KEY ROLES IN PROGRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS, DUAL BLOCKADE OF TGF-BETA(1) AND TNF-ALPHA IS DESIRED AS ITS THERAPEUTIC APPROACH. HERE WE SCREENED SMALL MOLECULES SHOWING ANTI-TNF-ALPHA ACTIVITY IN THE COMPOUND LIBRARY OF INDOLE DERIVATIVES. 11 OUT OF 41 INDOLE DERIVATIVES INHIBITED THE TNF-ALPHA EFFECT. AMONG THEM, MITOCHONIC ACID 35 (MA-35), 5-(3, 5-DIMETHOXYBENZYLOXY)-3-INDOLEACETIC ACID, SHOWED THE POTENT EFFECT. THE ANTI-TNF-ALPHA ACTIVITY WAS MEDIATED BY INHIBITING IKAPPAB KINASE PHOSPHORYLATION, WHICH ATTENUATED THE LPS/GAIN-INDUCED HEPATIC INFLAMMATION IN THE MICE. ADDITIONALLY, MA-35 CONCURRENTLY SHOWED AN ANTI-TGF-BETA(1) EFFECT BY INHIBITING SMAD3 PHOSPHORYLATION, RESULTING IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF TGF-BETA(1)-INDUCED FIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSION. IN UNILATERAL URETER OBSTRUCTED MOUSE KIDNEY, WHICH IS A RENAL FIBROSIS MODEL, MA-35 ATTENUATED RENAL INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS WITH THE DOWNREGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND FIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSIONS. FURTHERMORE, MA-35 INHIBITED TGF-BETA(1)-INDUCED H3K4ME1 HISTONE MODIFICATION OF THE FIBROTIC GENE PROMOTER, LEADING TO A DECREASE IN THE FIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSION. MA-35 AFFECTS MULTIPLE SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE FIBROSIS AND MAY RECOVER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION; THEREFORE, IT COULD POSSIBLY BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR FIBROSIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  4903  27 P16 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH OR WITHOUT HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STEPS IN CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, THE RELATION BETWEEN HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: SIXTEEN PATIENTS WITHOUT HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) AND 35 PATIENTS WITH HBV OR HCV WHO UNDERWENT LIVER RESECTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) WERE STUDIED. MUTATION OF P53 WAS DETECTED BY DIRECT SEQUENCING. METHYLATION STATUS OF P16 WAS EVALUATED IN TUMOR AND NONCANCEROUS LIVER TISSUES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: IN HCC WITHOUT HBV AND HCV, P53 MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN 5 (31%) OF 16 HCCS. METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN 2 (25%) OF 8 MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 6 (75%) OF 8 POORLY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, AND NONE OF 16 NONCANCEROUS TISSUE SPECIMENS. IN HCC WITH HBV OR HCV, P53 MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN 8 (23%) OF 35 HCCS. METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN 2 (100%) OF 2 WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 13 (76%) OF 17 MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 12 (75%) OF 16 POORLY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, AND 9 (26%) OF 35 NONCANCEROUS LIVER TISSUE SPECIMENS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HEPATITIS VIRUSES MIGHT INDUCE METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER IN LIVER WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, BEFORE APPEARANCE OF HCC.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
4   448  32 APABETALONE MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH FAVORABLE KIDNEY FUNCTION AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. BACKGROUND/AIMS: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) WITH ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES, IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN REPORTED AND MAY BE A RESULT OF INCREASED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION AND INFLAMMATION. HERE WE REPORT, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGIC EPIGENETIC MODULATION ON LEVELS OF ALP AND KIDNEY FUNCTION VIA A NOVEL ORAL SMALL MOLECULE BET INHIBITOR, APABETALONE, IN CKD PATIENTS. METHODS: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS EVALUATED PATIENTS WITH ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR) <60 ML/MIN/1.73M2, WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE APABETALONE PHASE 2 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS (SUSTAIN AND ASSURE). 48 CKD SUBJECTS WITH A HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) WERE TREATED WITH 100MG TWICE-DAILY OF 24 AND 26 WEEKS OF APABETALONE OR PLACEBO. ALP AND EGFR WERE MEASURED PRIOR TO RANDOMIZATION AND AT FINAL VISITS. RESULTS: PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED APABETALONE (N=35) VERSUS PLACEBO (N=13) OVER 6 MONTHS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY (P=0.02) LOWERED SERUM ALP -14.0% (P<0.0001 VERSUS BASELINE) VERSUS -6.3% (P=0.9 VERSUS BASELINE). THE EGFR IN THE APABETALONE GROUP INCREASED BY 3.4% (1.7 ML/MIN/1.73 M2) (P=0.04 VERSUS BASELINE) AND DECREASED BY 5.8% (2.9 ML/MIN/1.73 M2) (P=0.6 VERSUS BASELINE) IN THE PLACEBO GROUP. APABETALONE WAS WELL TOLERATED. CONCLUSION: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF CKD SUBJECTS FROM THE SUSTAIN AND ASSURE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS DEMONSTRATED FAVORABLE EFFECTS OF APABETALONE ON ALP AND EGFR, AND GENERATED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY BET INHIBITION MAY POTENTIALLY OFFER A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO TREAT CVD AND PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY FUNCTION LOSS IN CKD PATIENTS. THIS IS BEING EXAMINED IN THE PHASE III TRIAL BETONMACE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
5  3722  28 INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLATION DURING CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE BLADDER DISEASE (COBD) IMPROVES FUNCTION, PATHOLOGY AND EXPRESSION. PARTIAL BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION DUE TO PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA OR POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES, IS A WIDESPREAD CAUSE OF URINARY DYSFUNCTION, PATIENT DISCOMFORT AND ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMENSE HEALTH CARE COSTS. EVEN AFTER REMOVAL OR RELIEF OF OBSTRUCTION, THE FUNCTIONAL AND PATHOLOGIC ASPECTS OF OBSTRUCTION REMAIN AS A CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE BLADDER DISEASE (COBD). EPIGENETIC CHANGES, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, CONTRIBUTE TO THE PERSISTENT CHARACTER OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND MAY BE ALTERED IN COBD. WE TESTED WHETHER CANDIDATE GENES AND PATHWAYS AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COBD WERE AFFECTED BY A HYPOMETHYLATING AGENT, DECITABINE (DAC). COBD WAS CREATED IN FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS BY SURGICAL LIGATION OF THE URETHRA FOR 6 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY REMOVAL OF THE SUTURE. SHAM LIGATIONS WERE PERFORMED BY PASSING THE SUTURE BEHIND THE URETHRA. AFTER REMOVAL OF THE OBSTRUCTION OR SHAM REMOVAL, ANIMALS WERE RANDOMIZED TO DAC TREATMENT (1 MG/KG/3-TIMES/WEEK INTRAPERITONEALLY) OR VEHICLE (NORMAL SALINE). BLADDER FUNCTION WAS NON-INVASIVELY TESTED USING METABOLIC CAGES, BOTH ONE DAY PRIOR TO DE-OBSTRUCTION AT 6 WEEKS AND PRIOR TO SACRIFICE AT 10 WEEKS. RESIDUAL VOLUME AND BLADDER MASS WERE MEASURED FOR EACH BLADDER. BLADDERS WERE EXAMINED BY IMMUNOSTAINING AS WELL AS QPCR. THE EFFECTS OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT)-3A KNOCKOUT OR OVEREXPRESSION ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL (SMC) FUNCTION AND PHENOTYPE WERE ALSO EXAMINED IN BLADDER SMC AND EX VIVO CULTURE. RESIDUAL VOLUMES OF THE DAC TREATED GROUP WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE NS GROUP. COMPARED TO COBD NS, COBD DAC TREATMENT HELPED PRESERVE MICTURITION VOLUME WITH A SIGNIFICANT RECOVERY OF THE VOIDING EFFICIENCY (RATIO OF THE MAXIMUM VOIDED VOLUME/MAXIMUM BLADDER CAPACITY) BY ONE THIRD (FIG. 1, P > 0.05). BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) VARIANTS 1 AND 5 WERE UPREGULATED BY COBD AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED BY DAC TREATMENT. DEPOSITION OF COLLAGEN IN THE COBD BLADDER WAS REDUCED BY DAC, BUT GROSS HYPERTROPHY REMAINED. IN BLADDER SMC, DNMT3A OVEREXPRESSION LED TO A LOSS OF CONTRACTILE FUNCTION AND PHENOTYPE. IN BLADDERS, PERSISTENTLY ALTERED BY COBD, INHIBITION OF DNA-METHYLATION ENHANCES FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY, UNLIKE TREATMENT DURING PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION, WHICH EXACERBATES OBSTRUCTIVE PATHOLOGY. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS MAY RELATE TO THE GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN BDNF AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SIGNALING IN THE BLADDER.	2021	

6  4905  41 P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION, AGE, AND GENDER IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. PURPOSE: THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE P16INK4A IS MAINLY INACTIVATED BY AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE INVOLVING PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS. THE POSSIBLE CLINICAL IMPACT OF P16INK4A METHYLATION AND THE POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS FOR THIS EPIGENETIC ALTERATION HAVE NOT BEEN THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: WE STUDIED THE METHYLATION STATUS AND MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF P16INK4A IN 50 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS AND CORRESPONDING NONNEOPLASTIC LIVER LESIONS USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR, REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES. RESULTS: P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN 58% (29 OF 50) OF THE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS AND 16% (6 OF 38) OF THE CORRESPONDING CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND CIRRHOSIS TISSUE SAMPLES. P16INK4A METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION (P <0.001 AND P=0.003, RESPECTIVELY). ALL OF THE P16INK4A-METHYLATED TUMORS WERE POSITIVE FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS OR HEPATITIS C VIRUS MARKERS, BUT NONE OF THE VIRUS-NEGATIVE TUMORS EXHIBITED P16INK4A METHYLATION (P=0.006). THE FREQUENCY OF P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION TENDED TO BE HIGHER IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS-RELATED TUMORS (23 OF 32, 72%) THAN IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS-RELATED TUMORS (6 OF 13, 46%; P=0.1). ABERRANT METHYLATION OF P16INK4A WAS ALSO RELATED SIGNIFICANTLY TO INCREASING AGE, FEMALE GENDER, AND NORMAL LEVELS OF SERUM PIVKA-II (P=0.02, 0.04, AND 0.04, RESPECTIVELY). NO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN SURVIVAL WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION AND THOSE WITHOUT. CONCLUSIONS: OUR OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS FROM AN EARLY STAGE AND THAT MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS VIRAL INFECTIONS, AGE, AND GENDER, MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION IN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  5479  24 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                       
8  3246  23 HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-8 THAT IN TURN REDUCES HBV SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERON-ALPHA. HIGH LEVELS OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-8 (IL-8) HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS DURING EPISODES OF HEPATITIS FLARES. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) MAY DIRECTLY INDUCE IL-8 PRODUCTION AND WHETHER IL-8 MAY ANTAGONIZE INTERFERON-ALPHA (IFN-ALPHA) ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HBV. WE SHOWED THAT CHB PATIENTS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IL-8 LEVELS BOTH IN SERUM AND IN LIVER TISSUE THAN CONTROLS. IN HBV-REPLICATING HEPG2 CELLS, IL-8 TRANSCRIPTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ACTIVATED. AP-1, C/EBP AND NF-KB TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WERE CONCURRENTLY NECESSARY FOR MAXIMUM IL-8 INDUCTION. MOREOVER, HBX VIRAL PROTEIN WAS RECRUITED ONTO THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THIS WAS PARALLELED BY IL8-BOUND HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION AND BY ACTIVE RECRUITMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATORS. INHIBITION OF IL-8 INCREASES THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF IFN-ALPHA AGAINST HBV. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT HBV ACTIVATES IL-8 GENE EXPRESSION BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THAT IL-8 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE HBV SENSITIVITY TO IFN-ALPHA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  6235  25 THE M(6)A DEMETHYLASE FTO PROMOTES RENAL EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION BY REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. BACKGROUND: RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) IS THE MAIN PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF A VARIETY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE RIF PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) MODIFICATION AND ITS ROLE IN REGULATING RIF PROGRESSION. METHODS: UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION (UUO) WAS EMPLOYED TO CONSTRUCT THE RIF IN VIVO MODEL; AND TGF-BETA1-TREATED HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS WERE USED FOR IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE ASSESSED USING QRT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. THE PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION WERE EVALUATED BY EDU ASSAY AND TRANSWELL ASSAY, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES WERE DETERMINED BY ELISA ASSAY AND QRT-PCR. MOREOVER, LNCRNA GAS5 M(6)A LEVEL WAS DETECTED USING ME-RIP ASSAY. HE AND MASSON STAINING WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE FIBROTIC LESIONS OF THE KIDNEY. RESULTS: FTO EXPRESSION WAS ELEVATED IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS AFTER TGF-BETA1 TREATMENT AND MOUSE KIDNEY TISSUE FOLLOWING UUO, AND LNCRNA GAS5 WAS DOWNREGULATED. LNCRNA GAS5 OVEREXPRESSION OR FTO SILENCING SUPPRESSED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED THE INCREASE OF EMT-RELATED PROTEINS (VIMENTIN, SNAIL AND N-CADHERIN) AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL-6, IL-1BETA AND TNF-ALPHA) LEVELS IN HK-2 CELLS. FTO SUPPRESSED LNCRNA GAS5 EXPRESSION BY REDUCING THE M6A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. ADDITIONALLY, FTO KNOCKDOWN COULD SUPPRESS EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE INDUCED BY TGF-BETA1 AND UUO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. AS EXPECTED, FTO KNOCKDOWN ABROGATED THE PROMOTION EFFECTS OF LNCRNA GAS5 SILENCING ON TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS. CONCLUSION: FTO PROMOTED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE THROUGH REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10  3983  35 LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCES HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE RUNX3 AND IGF2-H19 LOCI IN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN UROTHELIAL CELLS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTOR FOR BLADDER CANCER BUT IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER EXPOSURE OF UROTHELIAL CELLS TO THE SYSTEMIC SOLUBLE CONTENTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE IS DIRECTLY CAUSATIVE TO BLADDER CANCER AND THE ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE HYPERMETHYLATION. WE UNDERTOOK THIS STUDY TO INVESTIGATE IF LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF HUMAN UROTHELIAL CELLS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) RESULTS IN TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE HYPERMETHYLATION, A PHENOTYPE THAT WAS PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM CONSTANT CSE TREATMENT OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. WE CHRONICALLY TREATED AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN UROTHELIAL CELL LINE UROTSA WITH CSE USING A CYCLIC DAILY REGIMEN BUT THE CELLS WERE CULTURED IN CSE-FREE MEDIUM BETWEEN DAILY TREATMENTS. BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND REAL-TIME PCR ARRAY-BASED METHYLATION PROFILING WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE METHYLATION CHANGES AT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE LOCI IN THE CHRONICALLY CSE-TREATED CELLS VERSUS THE PASSAGE-MATCHED UNTREATED CONTROL CELLS. THE RUNX3 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE PROMOTER WAS HYPOMETHYLATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN PROPORTION OF THE COMPLETELY UNMETHYLATED HAPLOTYPE AFTER THE LONG-TERM CSE TREATMENT; WHEREAS RUNX3 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION WAS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FOR BLADDER CANCERS OF SMOKERS. HYPOMETHYLATION INDUCED BY THE LONG-TERM CSE TREATMENT WAS ALSO OBSERVED FOR THE IGF2-H19 LOCUS. THE METHYLATION STATUS AT THE PRSS8/PROSTASIN AND 16 ADDITIONAL LOCI HOWEVER, WAS UNAFFECTED BY THE CHRONIC CSE TREATMENT. TRANSIENT CSE TREATMENT OVER 1 DAILY REGIMEN RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL DOWN-REGULATION OF RUNX3 AND H19, BUT ONLY THE H19 TRANSCRIPTION WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN THE CHRONICALLY CSE-TREATED UROTHELIAL CELLS. TRANSCRIPTION OF A KEY ENZYME IN ONE-CARBON METABOLISM, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) WAS GREATLY REDUCED BY THE LONG-TERM CSE TREATMENT, POTENTIALLY SERVING AS A MECHANISM FOR THE HYPOMETHYLATION PHENOTYPE VIA A REDUCED SUPPLY OF METHYL DONOR. IN CONCLUSION, CHRONIC CYCLIC CSE TREATMENT OF UROTHELIAL CELLS INDUCED HYPOMETHYLATION RATHER THAN HYPERMETHYLATION AT SPECIFIC LOCI.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  1906  22 ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2-CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE VIA TNF-MEDIATED PATHWAY. ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IS MAINLY DUE TO HOST IMMUNITY SELF-DESTRUCTION. THE HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) TRIMETHYLATING ENZYME, ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) MEDIATES EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATES IMMUNITY, ALSO INVOLVES PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL LIVER DISEASES. THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27ME3) IN LIVER FAILURE, AND TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL TARGET FOR LIVER FAILURE TREATMENT. EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27ME3 WERE DETERMINED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS AND KUPFFER CELLS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MICE. FURTHERMORE, GSK126 (AN INHIBITOR FOR EZH2 TRIMETHYLATION FUNCTION) WAS APPLIED IN LIVER FAILURE MICE IN VIVO, AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-STIMULATED MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO. EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN HUMAN PBMC FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS OR MURINE KUPFFER CELLS FROM THE LIVER FAILURE ANIMALS, RESPECTIVELY. GSK126 AMELIORATED DISEASE SEVERITY IN LIVER FAILURE MICE, WHICH MAYBE ATTRIBUTE TO DOWN-REGULATE CIRCULATING AND HEPATIC PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, ESPECIALLY TNF VIA REDUCING H3K27ME3. IN-DEPTH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS UNRAVELLED THAT DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF H3K27ME3 ON TNF PROMOTOR, RESULTING IN TNF ELEVATION IN KUPFFER CELLS FROM LIVER FAILURE MICE. NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND PROTEIN KINASE B (AKT) SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE ACTIVATED UPON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATION, BUT ATTENUATED BY USING GSK126, ACCOMPANIED WITH DECREASED TNF IN VITRO. IN CONCLUSION, EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 CONTRIBUTED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF LIVER FAILURE VIA TRIGGERING TNF AND OTHER INDISPENSABLE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. EZH2 WAS TO MODIFY H3K27ME3 ENRICHMENT, AS WELL AS, ACTIVATION OF THE DOWNSTREAM NF-KAPPAB AND AKT SIGNALLING PATHWAYS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  5716  24 SIRT6 PROTECTS VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS FROM OSTEOGENIC TRANSDIFFERENTIATION VIA RUNX2 IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. VASCULAR CALCIFICATION (VC) IS REGARDED AS AN IMPORTANT PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE LACKING EFFECTIVE TREATMENT AND ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH MORTALITY. SIRTUIN 6 (SIRT6) IS A MEMBER OF THE SIRTUIN FAMILY, A CLASS III HISTONE DEACETYLASE AND A KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATOR. SIRT6 HAS A PROTECTIVE ROLE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). HOWEVER, THE EXACT ROLE AND MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF SIRT6 IN VC IN PATIENTS WITH CKD REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT SIRT6 WAS MARKEDLY DOWNREGULATED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) AND IN THE RADIAL ARTERY TISSUE OF PATIENTS WITH CKD WITH VC. SIRT6-TRANSGENIC (SIRT6-TG) MICE SHOWED ALLEVIATED VC, WHILE VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL-SPECIFIC (VSMC-SPECIFIC) SIRT6 KNOCKED-DOWN MICE SHOWED SEVERE VC IN CKD. SIRT6 SUPPRESSED THE OSTEOGENIC TRANSDIFFERENTIATION OF VSMCS VIA REGULATION OF RUNT-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (RUNX2). COIMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CO-IP) AND IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (IP) ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT SIRT6 BOUND TO RUNX2. MOREOVER, RUNX2 WAS DEACETYLATED BY SIRT6 AND FURTHER PROMOTED NUCLEAR EXPORT VIA EXPORTIN 1 (XPO1), WHICH IN TURN CAUSED DEGRADATION OF RUNX2 THROUGH THE UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT SIRT6 PREVENTED VC BY SUPPRESSING THE OSTEOGENIC TRANSDIFFERENTIATION OF VSMCS, AND AS SUCH TARGETING SIRT6 MAY BE AN APPEALING THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR VC IN CKD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  5949  24 TARGETING THE PRC2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC PROGRAM ALLEVIATES URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) IS A PERVASIVE HEALTH PROBLEM WORLDWIDE. PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF UTIS SUFFER INCREASED RISK OF RECURRENT INFECTIONS, A MAJOR RISK OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. HERE, WE SHOW THAT BLADDER INFECTIONS INDUCE EXPRESSION OF EZH2 IN BLADDER UROTHELIAL CELLS. EZH2 IS THE METHYLTRANSFERASE OF POLYCOMB REPRESSOR COMPLEX 2 (PRC2)-A POTENT EPIGENETIC REGULATOR. UROTHELIUM-SPECIFIC INACTIVATION OF PRC2 RESULTS IN REDUCED URINE BACTERIAL BURDEN, MUTED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND DECREASED ACTIVITY OF THE NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING PATHWAY. PRC2 INACTIVATION ALSO FACILITATES PROPER REGENERATION AFTER UROTHELIAL DAMAGE FROM UTIS, BY ATTENUATING BASAL CELL HYPERPLASIA AND INCREASING UROTHELIAL DIFFERENTIATION. IN ADDITION, TREATMENT WITH EZH2-SPECIFIC SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS IMPROVES OUTCOMES OF THE CHRONIC AND SEVERE BLADDER INFECTIONS IN MICE. THESE FINDINGS COLLECTIVELY SUGGEST THAT THE PRC2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMING CONTROLS THE AMPLITUDE OF INFLAMMATION AND SEVERITY OF UTIS AND THAT EZH2 INHIBITORS MAY BE A VIABLE NON-ANTIBIOTIC STRATEGY TO MANAGE CHRONIC AND SEVERE UTIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14  4231  39 METHYLATION OF PROTOCADHERIN 10, A NOVEL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER. BACKGROUND & AIMS: BY USING METHYLATION-SENSITIVE REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS, WE IDENTIFIED PROTOCADHERIN 10 (PCDH10), A GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTOCADHERIN AND IS SILENCED IN A TUMOR-SPECIFIC MANNER. WE ANALYZED ITS EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN GASTRIC CANCER. METHODS: METHYLATION STATUS WAS EVALUATED BY COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. THE EFFECTS OF PCDH10 RE-EXPRESSION WERE DETERMINED IN GROWTH, APOPTOSIS, PROLIFERATION, AND INVASION ASSAYS. PCDH10 TARGET GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY COMPLEMENTARY DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. RESULTS: PCDH10 WAS SILENCED OR DOWN-REGULATED IN 94% (16 OF 17) OF GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINES; EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE RESTORED BY EXPOSURE TO DEMETHYLATING AGENTS. RE-EXPRESSION OF PCDH10 IN MKN45 GASTRIC CANCER CELLS REDUCED COLONY FORMATION IN VITRO AND TUMOR GROWTH IN MICE; IT ALSO INHIBITED CELL PROLIFERATION (P < .01), INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS (P < .001), AND REPRESSED CELL INVASION (P < .05), UP-REGULATING THE PRO-APOPTOSIS GENES FAS, CASPASE 8, JUN, AND CDKN1A; THE ANTIPROLIFERATION GENE FGFR; AND THE ANTI-INVASION GENE HTATIP2. PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 82% (85 OF 104) OF GASTRIC TUMORS COMPARED WITH 37% (38 OF 104) OF PAIRED NONTUMOR TISSUES (P < .0001). IN THE LATTER, PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN PRECANCEROUS LESIONS (27 OF 45; 60%) THAN IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES (11 OF 59; 19%) (P < .0001). AFTER A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP PERIOD OF 16.8 MONTHS, MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PATIENTS WITH PCDH10 METHYLATION IN ADJACENT NONTUMOR AREAS HAD A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN OVERALL SURVIVAL. KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL CURVES SHOWED THAT PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH SHORTENED SURVIVAL IN STAGE I-III GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: PCDH10 IS A GASTRIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; ITS METHYLATION AT EARLY STAGES OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  5731  17 SMAD3 PHOSPHO-ISOFORM SIGNALING IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS-RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES. THE RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) DEVELOPMENT INCREASES AS HEPATITIS VIRUS C (HCV)-RELATED LIVER DISEASES PROGRESS, ESPECIALLY IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE INFLAMMATION. INSIGHT INTO HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS HAVE EMERGED FROM RECENT DETAILED ANALYSES OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA AND C-JUN-N-TERMINAL KINASE SIGNALING PROCESSES DIRECTED BY MULTIPLE PHOSPHORYLATED (PHOSPHO)-ISOFORMS OF A SMAD3 MEDIATOR. IN THE COURSE OF HCV-RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND HOST GENETIC/EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ADDITIVELY SHIFT THE HEPATOCYTIC SMAD3 PHOSPHO-ISOFORM SIGNALING FROM TUMOR SUPPRESSION TO CARCINOGENESIS, INCREASING THE RISK OF HCC. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION REPRESENTS AN EARLY CARCINOGENIC STEP THAT PROVIDES A NONMUTAGENIC TUMOR-PROMOTING STIMULUS. AFTER UNDERGOING SUCCESSFUL ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C COULD EXPERIENCE A LOWER RISK OF HCC AS SMAD3 PHOSPHO-ISOFORM SIGNALING REVERSES FROM POTENTIAL CARCINOGENESIS TO TUMOR SUPPRESSION. EVEN AFTER HCV CLEARANCE, HOWEVER, PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS COULD STILL DEVELOP HCC BECAUSE OF SUSTAINED, INTENSE CARCINOGENIC SMAD3 PHOSPHO-ISOFORM SIGNALING THAT IS POSSIBLY CAUSED BY GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. SMAD3 PHOSPHO-ISOFORMS SHOULD ASSIST WITH EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING HUMAN HCC.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  2942  20 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF LTF AT 3P21.3 IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLES OF LACTOTRANSFERRIN GENE (LTF, ALSO REFERRED TO AS THE LACTOFERRIN GENE, LF), LOCATED AT 3P21.3 WITHIN THE COMMON MINIMAL DELETION REGION, IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (NPC), WE FIRST DETECTED ITS EXPRESSION LEVEL IN 33 PRIMARY NPC TISSUES AND 15 CHRONIC NASOPHARYNGITIS TISSUES. ABSENT EXPRESSION OR DOWNREGULATION OF LTF WERE OBSERVED IN 76% (25 OF 33) OF PRIMARY NPC TISSUES. WE FURTHER FOUND THAT 25% (5 OF 20) OF NPC SPECIMENS HAD LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY (LOH) AT THE LTF LOCUS. LTF MUTATION ASSESSED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM (PCR-SSCP) AND DNA SEQUENCING WAS NOTED IN 30% (6 OF 20) OF PRIMARY NPC TISSUES. IN ADDITION, HYPER-METHYLATION OF LTF PROMOTER REGION WAS FOUND IN 63.6% (21 OF 33) OF PRIMARY NPC SAMPLES BUT NOT IN CHRONIC NASOPHARYNGITIS TISSUES. THE LTF TRANSCRIPTS IN NPC CELL LINES INCREASED UPON TREATMENT WITH THE DEMETHYLATION COMPOUND, 5-AZA-2-DEOXYCYTIDINE. IN CONCLUSION, OUR DATA INDICATE THAT TWO-HIT SILENCING OF LTF THROUGH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE A COMMON AND IMPORTANT EVENT IN THE CARCINOGENESIS OF NPC.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
17  2439  38 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE MLH1 PROMOTER IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER AND ITS USE AS A BIOMARKER FOR PATIENTS WITH MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND/AIMS: HUMAN MUTL HOMOLOG 1 (MLH1) PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS REPORTED IN GASTRIC CANCER (GC). THIS STUDY DETERMINED THE CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL, PROGNOSTIC, AND DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTS OF MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN GC. METHODS: THE COMBINED ODDS RATIO (OR) OR HAZARD RATIO (HR) AND THEIR CORRESPONDING 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS (95% CI) WERE CALCULATED. THE POOLED SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC) WERE ANALYZED. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 4654 GC PATIENTS AND 3669 NON-MALIGNANT CONTROLS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN GC SAMPLES THAN IN GASTRIC ADENOMAS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, ADJACENT TISSUES, NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA, AND NORMAL HEALTHY BLOOD SAMPLES, BUT IT EXHIBITED A SIMILAR FREQUENCY IN GC VS. INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND DYSPLASIA SAMPLES. MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION CORRELATED WITH AGE AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY (MSI), BUT IT WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH GENDER, H. PYLORI INFECTION, SMOKING, DRINKING BEHAVIORS, PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY, TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION, CLINICAL STAGE, LYMPH NODE STATUS, DISTANT METASTASIS, OR OVERALL SURVIVAL OF GC. MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION EXHIBITED A POOR SENSITIVITY VALUE (< 0.5) IN PATIENTS WITH GC COMPARED WITH ADJACENT TISSUES, GASTRIC ADENOMAS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA, AND NORMAL HEALTHY BLOOD SAMPLES. THE POOLED SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND AUC OF MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN GC WITH MSI VS. GC WITH MICROSATELLITE STABILITY (MSS) SAMPLES WERE 0.64, 0.96, AND 0.90, RESPECTIVELY. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE DETECTION OF MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION MAY BE A POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER FOR GC PATIENTS WITH MSI.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  3036  25 GENISTEIN AMELIORATES RENAL FIBROSIS THROUGH REGULATION SNAIL VIA M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. RENAL TUBULE-INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IS RELATED TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION AND A TYPICAL FEATURE OF THE AGING KIDNEY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL FIBROSIS. AS A KIND OF "EPIGENETIC DIET", SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN WAS REPORTED TO HAVE RENAL PROTECTIVE ACTION AND EPIGENETIC-MODULATING EFFECTS. HOWEVER, ITS RENAL PROTECTION ROLE AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE YET TO BE FULLY CLARIFIED. HEREIN, WE SHOWED THAT GENISTEIN EXHIBITS A DEMONSTRABLE ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT ON KIDNEY IN VIVO UUO (UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION) MODEL AND RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO MODEL. THE MECHANISM IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. MOUSE FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UUO EXHIBITED ADVERSE EXPRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS-RELATED PROTEINS AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN THE TOTAL M6A LEVEL. AS AN ERASER, ALKBH5 SHOWED SEVERER SUPPRESSION IN THE RENAL FIBROSIS PROCESS. HOWEVER, GENISTEIN PRETREATMENT RESTORED ALKBH5 LOSS REMARKABLY AND REDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS, ABNORMAL PROTEIN, AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS. THE EXAMINATION OF POSSIBLE MECHANISMS REVEALED THAT GENISTEIN PROMOTED ALKBH5 AND MAYBE INDUCED THE LEVEL OF MRNA M6A METHYLATION IN SOME EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. WE FOUND SNAIL WAS THE CRITICAL REGULATOR AND CRITICAL FOR THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GENISTEIN. TO VERIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALKBH5 AND SNAIL, WE GENERATED KNOCKDOWN AND OVEREXPRESSION OF ALKBH5 CELLS IN VITRO. ALKBH5 KNOCKDOWN ENHANCED THE MESENCHYMAL PHENOTYPE MARKER ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN AND SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN AGREEMENT, OVEREXPRESSION ALKBH5 INCREASED EPITHELIAL ADHESION MOLECULE E-CADHERIN AND REDUCED SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN CONCLUSION, GENISTEIN INCREASED RENAL ALKBH5 EXPRESSION IN UUO-INDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS AND REDUCED RNA M6A LEVELS AND AMELIORATES RENAL DAMAGES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  1700  26 DYNAMIC EXPRESSION OF ZNF382 AND ITS TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR ROLE IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOGENESIS. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC). ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN 382 (ZNF382), WHICH BELONGS TO ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN FAMILY, HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED TO BE DOWNREGULATED IN CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER. HOWEVER, ITS ROLE IN HCC REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT ZNF382 EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN HBV-INFECTED LIVER CIRRHOSIS TISSUES RELATIVE TO HBV-NEGATIVE NORMAL LIVER TISSUES AT PROTEIN LEVELS, BUT NOT AT MRNA LEVELS, AND WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE LEVELS OF HBV DNA AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS X PROTEIN (HBX). FURTHER STUDIES REVEALED THAT ZNF382 WAS A TARGET OF MIR-6867, AND HBX PROMOTED THE TRANSLATION OF ZNF382 DURING HBV CHRONIC INFECTION THROUGH ERK-MEDIATED MIR-6867 INHIBITION. IN ADDITION, OUR DATA SHOWED THAT ZNF382 WAS FREQUENTLY DOWNREGULATED BY PROMOTER METHYLATION IN HBV-RELATED HCCS RELATIVE TO HBV-INFECTED LIVER CIRRHOSIS TISSUES, AND DECREASED EXPRESSION OF ZNF382 WAS STRONGLY CORRELATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL IN EARLY-STAGE HCC PATIENTS. FUNCTIONAL STUDIES DEMONSTRATED THAT ZNF382 WAS A POTENT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN HCC CELLS THROUGH INHIBITING CELL PROLIFERATION, COLONY FORMATION, MIGRATION, INVASION, AND TUMORIGENIC POTENTIAL IN NUDE MICE, AND INDUCING CELL APOPTOSIS. MECHANISTICALLY, ZNF382 EXERTED ITS TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR FUNCTIONS IN HCC THROUGH TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSING ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS SUCH AS FOS PROTO-ONCOGENE (FOS), JUN PROTO-ONCOGENE (JUN), DISHEVELED SEGMENT POLARITY PROTEIN 2 (DVL2), AND FRIZZLED CLASS RECEPTOR 1 (FZD1), THEREBY IMPAIRING THE ACTIVITIES OF ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1 (AP-1) AND WNT/BETA-CATENIN PATHWAYS AND ACTIVATING P53 SIGNALING. ALTOGETHER, OUR DATA SHOW THAT ZNF382 ACTS AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, AND IS CO-REGULATED BY HBX AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN HBV-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOGENESIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20  6415  33 THE STUDY OF P16 AND P15 GENE METHYLATION IN HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND THEIR QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION IN PLASMA BY REAL-TIME PCR. EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE P16 AND P15 GENES BY PROMOTER METHYLATION ARE COMMONLY OBSERVED IN HUMAN EPITHELIAL MALIGNANCIES, INCLUDING HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS (HNSCC). IN THIS STUDY, A METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP) WAS USED TO EVALUATE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE P16 AND P15 GENES IN 73 HNSCC SURGICAL SPECIMENS. P16 AND P15 GENE METHYLATION WAS ALSO EXAMINED IN 29 PAIRED METASTATIC LYMPH NODES AND 29 PAIRED HISTOLOGICALLY, NORMAL RESECTION MARGIN MUCOSAE. THE QUANTITY OF CELL-FREE METHYLATED P16 AND P15 DNA IN THE PLASMA SAMPLES OF 20 HNSCC PATIENTS AND 24 HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ALSO EXAMINED USING A FLUORESCENCE-BASED REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY. THE FREQUENCIES OF P16 AND P15 METHYLATION IN THE PRIMARY TUMOUR WERE 49% AND 60%, RESPECTIVELY. CONCORDANT METHYLATION OF P16 AND P15 IN TUMOUR SAMPLES AND METASTATIC LYMPH NODES WAS FOUND IN 59 AND 38% OF CASES, RESPECTIVELY. A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER PREVALENCE OF P15 METHYLATION WAS FOUND IN HISTOLOGICALLY-NORMAL SURGICAL MARGIN EPITHELIA OF HNSCC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SMOKING AND DRINKING HABITS COMPARED WITH NON-SMOKERS AND NON-DRINKERS. IN ADDITION, METHYLATED P16 AND P15 DNA LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE PLASMA OF HNSCC PATIENTS (MEAN 56 COPIES/ML PLASMA AND 65 COPIES/ML PLASMA, RESPECTIVELY) COMPARED WITH NORMAL CONTROLS (MEAN 6 COPIES/ML PLASMA AND 16 COPIES/ML PLASMA, RESPECTIVELY). IN CONCLUSION, PROMOTER METHYLATION OF THE P16 AND P15 GENES IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HNSCC AND MAY BE RELATED TO CHRONIC SMOKING AND DRINKING. THE DIFFERENTIAL LEVELS OF METHYLATED P16 AND P15 DNA IN PLASMA MIGHT BE POTENTIAL USEFUL MARKERS IN SCREENING HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS FOR EARLY HNSCC AND MONITORING THEIR TREATMENT RESPONSE.	2003