1   976 142 CHRONIC OPIOID USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED DNA METHYLATION CORRELATING WITH INCREASED CLINICAL PAIN. ENVIRONMENTALLY CAUSED CHANGES IN CHROMOSOMES THAT DO NOT ALTER THE DNA SEQUENCE BUT CAUSE PHENOTYPIC CHANGES BY ALTERING GENE TRANSCRIPTION ARE SUMMARIZED AS EPIGENETICS. A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS METHYLATION OR DEMETHYLATION AT CPG-RICH DNA ISLANDS. DNA METHYLATION TRIGGERED BY DRUGS HAS LARGELY UNEXPLORED THERAPEUTIC CONSEQUENCES. HERE WE REPORT INCREASED METHYLATION AT A CPG RICH ISLAND IN THE OPRM1 GENE CODING FOR MU-OPIOID RECEPTORS AND AT A GLOBAL METHYLATION SITE (LINE-1) IN LEUKOCYTES OF METHADONE-SUBSTITUTED FORMER OPIATE ADDICTS COMPARED WITH MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. HIGHER DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OPIOID EXPOSURE WAS REPRODUCED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF OPIOID-TREATED AS COMPARED TO NON-OPIOID-TREATED PAIN PATIENTS. THIS SUGGESTS THAT OPIOIDS MAY STIMULATE DNA METHYLATION. THE OPRM1 METHYLATION HAD NO IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR TRANSCRIPTION AND WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OPIOID DOSING REQUIREMENTS. HOWEVER, THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AT LINE-1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH INCREASED CHRONIC PAIN. THIS SUGGESTS INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON THE TRANSCRIPTION OF STILL UNSPECIFIED NOCIFENSIVE GENE PRODUCTS. IT FURTHER IMPLIES THAT OPIOIDS MAY BE CAUSALLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, ALTHOUGH CURRENTLY THERE IS NO DIRECT EVIDENCE OF THIS. THIS HAS PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES FOR PAIN AND MAY PROVIDE A NEW, EPIGENETICS-ASSOCIATED MECHANISM OF OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA. THE RESULTS INDICATE A POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF OPIOID ANALGESICS ON THE PATIENTS' EPIGENOME. THEY EMPHASIZE THE NEED FOR RELIABLE AND COST-EFFECTIVE SCREENING TOOLS AND MAY IMPLY THAT HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING FOR LEAD COMPOUNDS IN ARTIFICIAL EXPRESSION SYSTEMS MAY NOT PROVIDE THE BEST TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING NEW PAIN MEDICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  3452  26 HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY SHARE COMMON CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDP) CONTRIBUTE SUBSTANTIALLY TO PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. EPIGENETIC CHANGES POINT TOWARDS CARDIO-METABOLIC DYSREGULATION FOR THESE VASCULAR DISORDERS. IN EARLY PREGNANCY, EPIGENETIC CHANGES USING CELL FREE DNA (CFDNA) ARE LARGELY UNEXPLORED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THESE IN HDP BETWEEN 11 AND 14 WEEKS OF GESTATION BY ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS. WE IDENTIFIED PATIENTS WITHOUT CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA (PE) (N = 11), WITH CHRONIC HYPERTENSION (HT) BUT WITHOUT PE DEVELOPMENT (N = 14), AND LACKING BOTH PE AND HT (N = 422). WE MATCHED PATIENTS ACCORDING TO PE RISK FACTORS INTO THREE GROUPS (N = 5 EACH GROUP): (1) PE: NO HT BUT PE DEVELOPMENT, (2) HT: CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT NO PE AND (3) CONTROL: NO PE OR HT. WE SUCCESSFULLY OPTIMIZED OUR CFDNA ISOLATION PROCESS PRIOR TO WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION CHANGES INDICATE A COMMON PREDISPOSITION IN PE AND HT GROUPS, CHIEFLY OF MATERNAL ORIGIN. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND ANNOTATED GENES POINT TOWARDS A COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR PREDISPOSITION IN PREECLAMPSIA AND HYPERTENSION GROUPS IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER. WE POSTULATE THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THE MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN HDP, WHICH IS ALREADY EVIDENT IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3  4644  25 NEUROPATHIC PAIN TREATMENT: STILL A CHALLENGE. NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NP) IS THE RESULT OF A SERIES OF CONDITIONS CAUSED BY DISEASES OR LESIONS TO THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM. DUE TO THE BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF NP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREVIOUSLY UNEXPLORED THERAPIES HAVE BEEN USED WITH ENCOURAGING RESULTS. IN THIS GROUP, ACETYL-L-CARNITINE, ALPHA-LIPOIC-ACID, CANNABINOIDS, CLONIDINE, EMA401, BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A AND NEW VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, CAN BE INCLUDED. BESIDES, CHANGING PARADIGMS MAY OCCUR WITH THE ADVENT OF OPTOGENETICS AND A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE REVIEWED THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE ON THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NP. DESPITE THE INTERESTING RESULTS, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARE DEMANDED THE MAJORITY OF THE THERAPIES PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED. IN SPITE OF SEVERAL STUDIES FOR THE RELIEF OF NP, PAIN CONTROL CONTINUES BEING A CHALLENGE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
4  1881  27 EMERGING TREATMENTS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN. NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS A SERIES OF WELL-KNOWN CONDITIONS CAUSED BY DISEASES OR LESIONS TO THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM. DUE TO THE BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN, PREVIOUSLY UNEXPLORED THERAPIES HAVE BEEN USED WITH ENCOURAGING RESULTS. AS SUCH, ACETYL-L-CARNITINE (ALC), ALPHA-LIPOIC-ACID (ALA), CANNABINOIDS, CLONIDINE, EMA401, BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A, AND NEW VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, CAN BE CITED. FURTHERMORE, NEW MODALITIES IN NEUROMODULATION SUCH AS HIGH-FREQUENCY SPINAL CORD STIMULATION, BURST STIMULATION, DORSAL ROOT GANGLION STIMULATION, TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION, AND MANY OTHERS HAVE BEEN SHOWING EXCITING RESULTS. BESIDES, CHANGING PARADIGMS MAY OCCUR WITH THE ADVENT OF OPTOGENETICS AND A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE ON THE TREATMENT OF NP. DESPITE THE INTERESTING RESULTS, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARE DEMANDED FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE THERAPIES PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  4075  37 MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET IMPAIRS LEPTIN SIGNALING AND UP-REGULATES TYPE-1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR WITH SEX-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF NEWBORN RATS. MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES TRIGGER DEVELOPMENTAL ADAPTATIONS INVOLVING EARLY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT CHRONIC DISEASE. MATERNAL HIGH-FAT (HF) DIET PROMOTES OBESITY AND HYPOTHALAMIC LEPTIN RESISTANCE IN MALE RAT OFFSPRING AT WEANING AND ADULTHOOD. LEPTIN RESISTANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OVER ACTIVATION OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM (ECS). THE ECS MAINLY CONSISTS OF ENDOCANNABINOIDS DERIVED FROM N-6 FATTY ACIDS AND CANNABINOID RECEPTORS (CB1 CODED BY CNR1 AND CB2 CODED BY CNR2). THE CB1 ACTIVATION IN HYPOTHALAMUS STIMULATES FEEDING AND APPETITE FOR FAT WHILE CB2 ACTIVATION SEEMS TO PLAY AN IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASES HYPOTHALAMIC CB1 IN MALE OFFSPRING WHILE INCREASES CB2 IN FEMALE OFFSPRING AT BIRTH, PRIOR TO OBESITY DEVELOPMENT. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BEHIND THESE CHANGES REMAIN UNEXPLORED. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT MATERNAL HF DIET WOULD DOWN-REGULATE LEPTIN SIGNALING AND UP-REGULATE CNR1 MRNA LEVELS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE OFFSPRING AT BIRTH, ASSOCIATED WITH SEX-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND SEX STEROID SIGNALING. TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS, WE USED PROGENITOR FEMALE RATS THAT RECEIVED CONTROL DIET (C, 9% FAT) OR ISOCALORIC HIGH-FAT DIET (HF, 28% FAT) FROM 8 WEEKS BEFORE MATING UNTIL DELIVERY. BLOOD, HYPOTHALAMUS AND CARCASS FROM C AND HF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE COLLECTED FOR BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES AT BIRTH. MATERNAL HF DIET DOWN-REGULATED THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR STAT3 IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING, BUT INDUCED HYPOLEPTINEMIA ONLY IN MALES AND DECREASED PHOSPHORYLATED STAT3 ONLY IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. BECAUSE LEPTIN ACTS THROUGH STAT3 PATHWAY TO INHIBIT CENTRAL ECS, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LEPTIN PATHWAY IMPAIRMENT MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED LEVELS OF CRN1 MRNA IN HYPOTHALAMUS OF BOTH SEX OFFSPRING. BESIDES, MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASED THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PERCENTAGE OF CNR1 PROMOTER IN MALE OFFSPRING AND INCREASED THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR BINDING TO THE CNR1 PROMOTER, WHICH CAN CONTRIBUTE TO HIGHER EXPRESSION OF CNR1 IN NEWBORN HF OFFSPRING. MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASED PLASMA N6 TO N3 FATTY ACID RATIO IN MALE OFFSPRING, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR TO METABOLIC DISEASES AND MIGHT INDICATE AN OVER ACTIVATION OF ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALING. THUS, ALTHOUGH MATERNAL HF DIET PROGRAMS A SIMILAR PHENOTYPE IN ADULT OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES (OBESITY, HYPERPHAGIA AND HIGHER PREFERENCE FOR FAT), HERE WE SHOWED THAT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVING LEPTIN SIGNALING, ECS, EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND SEX HORMONE SIGNALING WERE MODIFIED PRIOR TO OBESITY DEVELOPMENT AND CAN DIFFER BETWEEN NEWBORN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE OBSERVATIONS MAY PROVIDE MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO SEX-SPECIFIC TARGETS FOR ANTI-OBESITY THERAPIES.	2019	

6  2018  36 EPIGENETIC CHANGE (GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION) IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH STATUS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. GENE METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT INVOLVES A HERITABLE MODIFICATION OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE THAT ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT A CHANGE IN DNA SEQUENCE. IT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN THAT METHYLATION OF THE GATA-4 GENE PROMOTER REGION IN SPUTUM DNA IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW LUNG FUNCTION AND INCREASED ODDS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AMONG SMOKERS. GIVEN THESE FINDINGS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION IN SPUTUM DNA WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH LOW HEALTH STATUS, AS MEASURED BY THE ST. GEORGE'S RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE (SGRQ), IN SUBJECTS WITH COPD. SELF-REPORTED SGRQ, SPIROMETRY, AND INDUCED SPUTUM SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM 168 COPD SUBJECTS FROM THE LOVELACE SMOKERS COHORT. GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED IN SPUTUM DNA USING NESTED METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ASSAYS. USING GENERAL LINEAR MODEL WITH POISSON REGRESSION, WE FOUND THAT GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH OVERALL LOWER SGRQ HEALTH STATUS (PARAMETER ESTIMATE = .296, P < .001). THIS FINDING REMAINED SIGNIFICANT EVEN AFTER CONTROLLING FOR AGE, LUNG FUNCTION, AND OTHER COVARIATES. IN AN ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND COMPARING EXTREME TERTILES OF OVERALL SGRQ SCORE, WE CONFIRMED THAT GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A 3-FOLD INCREASE IN RISK OF POOR HEALTH STATUS (OR 2.95 AND P = .028). THE UNEXPLORED LINKS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS SUCH AS HEALTH STATUS ARE CRITICAL GAPS IN THE LITERATURE. THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO SUGGEST THAT AIRWAY GATA-4 GENE METHYLATION STATUS MAY INDEPENDENTLY PREDICT HEALTH STATUS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  3375  30 HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS PREDICT SPECIFIC ALTERNATIVE EXON SUBTYPES IN MAMMALIAN BRAIN. A COMPELLING BODY OF LITERATURE, BASED ON NEXT GENERATION CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND RNA SEQUENCING OF REWARD BRAIN REGIONS INDICATES THAT THE REGULATION OF THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE LIKELY UNDERLIES CHRONIC DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION. IT IS NOW CRITICAL TO DEVELOP HIGHLY INNOVATIVE COMPUTATIONAL STRATEGIES TO REVEAL THE RELEVANT REGULATORY TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS THAT MAY UNDERLIE NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE. WE HAVE ANALYZED CHROMATIN REGULATION OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN COCAINE EXPOSURE IN MICE. RECENT LITERATURE HAS DESCRIBED CHROMATIN-REGULATED ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, SUGGESTING A NOVEL FUNCTION FOR DRUG-INDUCED NEUROEPIGENETIC REMODELING. HOWEVER, THE EXTENT OF THE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARTICULAR HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING REMAINS UNEXPLORED. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE HAVE DEVELOPED NOVEL COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO MODEL THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AND HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REWARD REGION. USING CLASSICAL STATISTICAL METHODS AND MACHINE LEARNING TO COMBINE CHIP-SEQ AND RNA-SEQ DATA, WE FOUND THAT SPECIFIC HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SPLICING. H3K36ME3 AND H3K4ME1 HAVE THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATION WITH SPLICING INDICATING THEY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN BRAIN REWARD TISSUE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8  6246  35 THE METHYL DONOR S-ADENOSYL METHIONINE REVERSES THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MOUSE FRONTAL CORTEX. CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT BUT REVERSIBLE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THIS STABLE YET MALLEABLE PLASTICITY IMPLICATES EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, AS A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR OF CHRONIC PAIN-INDUCED CORTICAL PATHOLOGY. WE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE METHYL DONOR S-ADENOSYL METHIONINE (SAM) ATTENUATES LONG-TERM PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND ALTERS GLOBAL FRONTAL CORTICAL DNA METHYLATION. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES AND PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESOLUTION OF CHRONIC PAIN BY SAM REMAIN UNEXPLORED. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM THERAPEUTIC EXPOSURE TO SAM ON THE DNA METHYLATION OF INDIVIDUAL GENES AND PATHWAYS IN A MOUSE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL. METHODS: MALE CD-1 MICE RECEIVED SPARED NERVE INJURY OR SHAM SURGERY. THREE MONTHS AFTER INJURY, ANIMALS RECEIVED SAM (20 MG/KG, ORAL, 3X A WEEK) OR VEHICLE FOR 16 WEEKS FOLLOWED BY EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF FRONTAL CORTEX. RESULTS: PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 4000 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENOMIC REGIONS THAT WERE ENRICHED IN INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING, CELL MOTILITY AND MIGRATION, CYTOSKELETAL STRUCTURE, AND CELL ADHESION PATHWAYS. A THIRD OF THESE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WERE REVERSED BY SAM TREATMENT (1415 REGIONS REPRESENTING 1013 GENES). MORE THAN 100 GENES WITH KNOWN PAIN-RELATED FUNCTION WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AFTER NERVE INJURY; 29 OF THESE WERE REVERSED BY SAM TREATMENT INCLUDING SCN10A, TRPA1, NTRK1, AND GFAP. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST A ROLE FOR THE EPIGENOME IN THE MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN AND ADVANCE EPIGENETIC MODULATORS SUCH AS SAM AS A NOVEL APPROACH TO TREAT CHRONIC PAIN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  5961  34 TELOMERE LENGTH IN PRETERM INFANTS: A PROMISING BIOMARKER OF EARLY ADVERSITY AND CARE IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT? PRETERM INFANTS PRESENT AN IMMATURE NEUROBEHAVIORAL PROFILE AT BIRTH, EVEN IN ABSENCE OF SEVERE BRAIN INJURIES AND PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS. AS SUCH, THEY REQUIRE A LONG-LASTING HOSPITALIZATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU), WHICH IS THOUGHT TO GRANT AT-RISK NEWBORNS' SURVIVAL, BUT STILL ENTAILS A NUMBER OF PHYSICAL, PAINFUL, AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL STRESSORS. HENCE, PRETERM BIRTH AND NICU STAY REPRESENT AN EARLY ADVERSE EXPERIENCE, WHICH HAS BEEN LINKED TO DETRIMENTAL CONSEQUENCES FOR NEUROLOGICAL, NEURO-ENDOCRINAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AS WELL AS TO DISEASE LATER IN LIFE. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETIC FIELD ARE HELPING US TO UNVEIL THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH EARLY NICU-RELATED STRESS MAY LEAD TO NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES. FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, TELOMERE REGULATION MIGHT BE A KEY PROGRAMMING MECHANISM. TELOMERES ARE THE TERMINAL PORTION OF CHROMOSOMES AND ARE KNOWN TO GET SHORTER WITH AGE. MOREOVER, TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) IS AFFECTED BY THE EXPOSURE TO STRESS DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT. AS SUCH, TL MIGHT BE AN INNOVATIVE BIOMARKER OF EARLY ADVERSE EXPOSURES IN YOUNG INFANTS AND CHILDREN. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS PAUCITY OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING TL IN POPULATIONS OF PRETERM INFANTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH KNOWN NICU-RELATED STRESSORS REMAINS UNEXPLORED. IN THE PRESENT PAPER, THE POTENTIAL RELEVANCE OF TL FOR RESEARCH AND CLINICAL WORK WITH PRETERM INFANTS WILL BE UNDERLINED IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS LINKING PROGRESSIVE TELOMERE SHORTENING AND EARLY EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE EXPERIENCES AND STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS IN HUMANS. FINALLY, INSIGHTS WILL BE PROVIDED TO GUIDE CLINICALLY RELEVANT TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON TL IN THE FIELD OF VPT BIRTH AND NICU STAY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10  3119  31 GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION EXACERBATES THE GROWTH PHENOTYPES INDUCED BY PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE: A MULTIPLEX MODEL OF EXPOSURE. IT IS NOW CLEAR THAT PARENTAL HISTORIES OF DRUG USE, TOXICANT EXPOSURE, AND SOCIAL STRESS ALL HAVE A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON THE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEXT GENERATION. HOWEVER, THE ABILITY OF EPIGENETIC PARENTAL LIFE MEMORIES TO INTERACT WITH SUBSEQUENT GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES AND CUMULATIVELY MODIFY THE DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORY OF THE OFFSPRING REMAINS AN UNEXPLORED PERSPECTIVE IN TOXICOLOGY. STUDIES FROM OUR LABORATORY HAVE IDENTIFIED MALE-SPECIFIC POSTNATAL GROWTH RESTRICTION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC, PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. THE GOAL OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE, BEFORE CONCEPTION, COULD MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE OFFSPRING TO A COMPLETELY SEPARATE EXPOSURE ENCOUNTERED BY THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY. IN INDEPENDENT EXPERIMENTS, WE PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED ALTERED DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING AND INCREASED MARKERS OF SEVERE ASTHMA INDUCED BY GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION. IN THIS STUDY, MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO EITHER THE CONTROL OR ALCOHOL PRECONCEPTION TREATMENTS, THEN MATED TO NAIVE FEMALES, WHICH WE SUBSEQUENTLY EXPOSED TO AN ULTRAFINE MIXTURE OF PARTICULATE MATTER VIA INHALATION. INDIVIDUALLY, NEITHER PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL DRINKING NOR GESTATIONAL EXPOSURES TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IMPACTED THE POSTNATAL GROWTH OF FEMALE OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, WHEN BOTH EXPOSURES WERE COMBINED, FEMALES DISPLAYED A 30% REDUCTION IN WEIGHT GAIN. UNEXPECTEDLY, THIS EXPOSURE PARADIGM RESULTED IN A DRAMATIC POSTNATAL INCREASE IN LITTER LOSS DUE TO MATERNAL CANNIBALISM, WHICH PREVENTED ADDITIONAL MEASURES OF OFFSPRING HEALTH. THESE PRELIMINARY STUDIES PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF A COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN PRECONCEPTION LIFE HISTORY AND INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE CONTROL OF POSTNATAL GROWTH.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  6003  33 THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: AN ESTROGEN-MEDIATED POINT OF VIEW. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT LEADS TO DEMYELINATION AND NEURODEGENERATION. THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY, WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGENS, HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RELAPSE RATES COMPARED WITH THE RATES BEFORE PREGNANCY. THESE EFFECTS COULD BE RELATED TO THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ESTROGENS, WHICH ORCHESTRATE THE RESHUFFLING OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TOWARD IMMUNOTOLERANCE TO ALLOW FOR FETAL GROWTH. THE ACTION OF THESE HORMONES IS MEDIATED BY THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION ACTIVITY OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS (ERS). ESTROGEN LEVELS AND ER EXPRESSION DEFINE A SPECIFIC BALANCE OF IMMUNE CELL TYPES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE ROLE OF ESTRADIOL (E2) AND ERS IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WITH A FOCUS ON ESTROGEN-MEDIATED CELLULAR, MOLECULAR, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS RELATED TO IMMUNE TOLERANCE AND NEUROPROTECTION IN MS. THE EPIGENOME DYNAMICS OF IMMUNE SYSTEMS ARE DESCRIBED AS KEY MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT ACT ON THE REGULATION OF IMMUNE CELL IDENTITY. THIS IS A COMPLETELY UNEXPLORED FIELD, SUGGESTING A FUTURE PATH FOR MORE EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON ESTROGEN-INDUCED COREGULATORY COMPLEXES AND MOLECULAR CIRCUITRY AS TARGETS FOR THERAPEUTICS IN MS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  1814  45 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC COBALT AND CHROMIUM EXPOSURE AFTER METAL-ON-METAL HIP RESURFACING: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION PILOT STUDY. METAL-ON-METAL (MOM) HIP RESURFACING HAS RECENTLY BEEN A POPULAR PROSTHESIS CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC ARTHRITIS, BUT RESULTS IN THE RELEASE OF COBALT AND CHROMIUM IONS INTO THE CIRCULATION THAT CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE CLINICAL EFFECTS. THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THESE EFFECTS REMAINS UNCLEAR. WHILE CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY AND TRANSLOCATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS EXPOSURE, THE PRESENCE OF SUBTLE STRUCTURAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MOM JOINT REPLACEMENTS REMAINS UNEXPLORED. CONSEQUENTLY, WE ANALYZED WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN 34 OA PATIENTS WITH MOM HIP RESURFACING (MOM HR) COMPARED TO 34 OA PATIENTS WITH NON-MOM TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENTS (NON-MOM THR), USING THE GENOME-WIDE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450K BEADCHIP. NO PROBES SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SIGNIFICANT AT 5% FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE (FDR). WE ALSO TESTED ASSOCIATION OF PROBE METHYLATION LEVELS WITH BLOOD CHROMIUM AND COBALT LEVELS DIRECTLY; THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS AT 5% FDR. FINALLY, WE USED THE "EPIGENETIC CLOCK" TO COMPARE ESTIMATED TO ACTUAL AGE AT SAMPLE FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS. WE FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOM HR AND NON-MOM THR, AND NO CORRELATION OF AGE ACCELERATION WITH BLOOD METAL LEVELS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THE ABSENCE OF LARGE METHYLATION DIFFERENCES SYSTEMICALLY FOLLOWING METAL EXPOSURE, HOWEVER, LARGER SAMPLE SIZES WILL BE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SMALL EFFECTS. ANY DNA METHYLATION CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE LOCAL PERIPROSTHETIC TISSUES REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. (C) 2017 THE AUTHORS. ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH SOCIETY. PUBLISHED BY WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. ON BEHALF OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH SOCIETY. J ORTHOP RES 35:2323-2328, 2017.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  4853  43 OPPOSING EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN HUMAN SPERM BY INTAKE OF FAST FOOD VERSUS HEALTHY FOOD. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT DIETS HIGH IN FATS CREATE A HARMFUL ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPING SPERM CELLS, CONTRIBUTING TO IMPAIRED REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND INDUCED RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN THE NEXT GENERATION. CHANGES AT THE LEVEL OF THE EPIGENOME HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO UNDERLIE THESE OBSERVATIONS. HUMAN DATA ARE LIMITED TO VERIFY THIS HYPOTHESIS. WHILE WE EARLIER DEMONSTRATED A LINK BETWEEN MALE OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AT IMPRINTED GENES IN MATURE SPERM CELLS AND NEWBORNS, IT IS CURRENTLY UNKNOWN IF -OR HOW- A PATERNAL EATING PATTERN (RELATED TO OBESITY) IS RELATED TO INDICES FOR EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. WE HERE AIM TO EXAMINE A YET UNEXPLORED LINK BETWEEN CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHY (RICH IN VITAMINS AND FIBERS) OR UNHEALTHY ("FAST") FOODS AND METHYLATION AT IMPRINT REGULATORY REGIONS IN DNA OF SPERM. WE OBTAINED SEMEN AND DATA FROM 67 MEN, AS PART OF A NORTH CAROLINA-BASED STUDY: THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON GAMETIC EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING (TIEGER) STUDY. DIETARY DATA INCLUDED INTAKE OF FRUITS/NUTS, VEGETABLES/SOUPS, WHOLE GRAIN BREAD, MEAT, SEAFOOD/FISH, AND FATTY OR PROCESSED FOOD ITEMS. MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELS WERE USED TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY HABITS AND CLINICAL SPERM PARAMETERS AS WELL AS DNA METHYLATION LEVELS, QUANTIFIED USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AT 12 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) OF THE FOLLOWING IMPRINTED GENES: GRB10, IGF2, H19, MEG3, NDN, NNAT, PEG1/MEST, PEG3, PLAGL1, SNRPN, AND SGCE/PEG10. AFTER ADJUSTING FOR AGE, OBESITY STATUS AND RECRUITMENT METHOD, WE FOUND THAT TOTAL MOTILE COUNT (TMC) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IF MEN CONSUMED FRUITS/NUTS (BETA=+6.9, SE=1.9, P=0.0005) AND VEGETABLES (BETA=+5.4, SE=1.9, P=0.006), WHEREAS CONSUMPTION OF FRIES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER TMC (BETA=-20.2, SE=8.7, P=0.024). SEMEN VOLUME WAS ALSO HIGHER IF VEGETABLES OR FRUITS/NUTS WERE FREQUENTLY CONSUMED (BETA=+0.06, SE=0.03, P=0.03). SIMILARLY, OUR SPERM EPIGENETIC ANALYSES SHOWED OPPOSING ASSOCIATIONS FOR HEALTHY VERSUS FAST FOOD ITEMS. FREQUENT CONSUMPTION OF FRIES WAS RELATED TO A HIGHER CHANCE OF SPERM BEING METHYLATED AT THE MEG3-IG CPG4 SITE (OR=1.073, 95%CI: 1.035-1.112), AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER RISK OF DNA METHYLATION AT THE NNAT CPG3 SITE (OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.914-0.968). THESE RESULTS REMAINED SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. WE CONCLUDE THAT DIETARY HABITS ARE LINKED TO SPERM EPIGENETIC OUTCOMES. IF CARRIED INTO THE NEXT GENERATION PATERNAL UNHEALTHY DIETARY PATTERNS MAY RESULT IN ADVERSE METABOLIC CONDITIONS AND INCREASED RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN OFFSPRING.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  1202  37 COULD DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION BE CRUCIAL IN INFLUENCING STEROID HORMONE SIGNALING IN ENDOMETRIAL BIOLOGY AND ENDOMETRIOSIS? ENDOMETRIOSIS AFFECTS 10% OF REPRODUCTIVE-AGED WOMEN. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE GROWTH OF THE ENDOMETRIUM, OUTSIDE THE UTERUS AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY AND CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN. LACK OF NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND EARLY SCREENING TESTS RESULTS IN DELAYED TREATMENT AND SUBSEQUENTLY INCREASED DISEASE SEVERITY. ENDOMETRIOSIS IS A DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH A DEREGULATED HORMONAL RESPONSE, THEREFORE, UNDERSTANDING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT GOVERN THIS HORMONAL INTERPLAY IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE. DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MARK THAT REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION AND IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH GENES THAT CODE FOR STEROID RECEPTORS AND ENZYMES ASSOCIATED WITH ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM IN ENDOMETRIOSIS. DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, WHICH IS STRUCTURALLY SIMILAR TO METHYLATION BUT FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENT, IS A BIOLOGICALLY CRITICAL MECHANISM THAT IS ALSO KNOWN TO REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) PROTEINS MEDIATE HYDROXYMETHYLATION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION OR TETS IN THE ENDOMETRIUM REMAINS RELATIVELY UNEXPLORED. CURRENTLY, THE "GOLD STANDARD" TECHNIQUE USED TO STUDY METHYLATION PATTERNS IS BISULFITE GENOMIC SEQUENCING. THIS TECHNIQUE ALSO DETECTS HYDROXYMETHYLATION BUT FAILS TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TWO, THEREBY LIMITING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THESE TWO PROCESSES. THE PRESENCE OF TETS IN THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ENDOMETRIAL CANCER MAKES IT AN IMPORTANT FACTOR TO STUDY IN ENDOMETRIOSIS. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN ABERRANT STEROID HORMONE SIGNALING AND HYPOTHESIZES THAT HYDROXYMETHYLATION COULD BE A FACTOR INFLUENCING HORMONAL INSTABILITY SEEN IN ENDOMETRIOSIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15  2429  33 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-137 IS A FREQUENT EVENT IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. MICRORNAS (MIRNA) ARE INVOLVED IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND ARE DYSREGULATED DURING CARCINOGENESIS. CPG ISLAND METHYLATION OF MIR-137 IS A COMMON EVENT IN DIFFERENT CANCERS; HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF MIR-137 IN GASTRIC CANCER (GC) REMAINS LARGELY UNEXPLORED. IN THIS STUDY WE AIMED TO CHARACTERIZE THE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF MIR-137 IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. WE ANALYZED TOTAL 295 TISSUES INCLUDING PAIRED PRIMARY GASTRIC CANCER (T-GC) WITH CORRESPONDING ADJACENT GASTRIC MUCOSA (N-GC), PAIRED PRIMARY COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) TISSUES WITH CORRESPONDING NON-TUMOROUS MUCOSA, GASTRIC TISSUES FROM CONTROLS (N), AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC/ATROPHIC GASTRITIS (CG) WITH AND WITHOUT HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION. BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND TAQMAN RT-PCR WERE USED TO ANALYZE MIR-137 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION, RESPECTIVELY. SURVIVAL DIFFERENCES WERE EVALUATED USING KAPLAN-MEIER ANALYSES. MIR-137 CPG ISLAND METHYLATION WAS MORE FREQUENT IN TUMOROUS COMPARED TO NON-TUMOROUS CONDITIONS AND HIGHER IN CRC THAN IN GC. IN COMPARISON TO N-GC, MIR 137 METHYLATION LEVEL WAS LOWER IN N AND CG TISSUES, WHICH CORRELATES WITH CORREAS CASCADE. MIR-137 METHYLATION INVERSELY CORRELATES WITH GLOBAL LINE-1 METHYLATION AND MIR-137 EXPRESSION. MIR-137 METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN INTESTINAL TYPE GC COMPARED TO DIFFUSE ONE, AND HIGHER IN ANTRUM COMPARED TO CARDIA AND CORPUS, HOWEVER, MIR-137 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE PROGNOSIS IN DIFFUSE, BUT NOT IN INTESTINAL TYPE OF GC. THE EXPRESSION IN COLON WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COMPARED TO ANY GASTRIC TISSUES SUGGESTING FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE. IN SUMMARY, MIR-137 METHYLATION IS A FREQUENT EVENT IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS WHICH OCCURS EARLY IN STEPWISE MANNER DURING GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS AND INVERSELY CORRELATES WITH GLOBAL METHYLATION. (C) 2015 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16   649  35 BIRTHWEIGHT, MATERNAL WEIGHT TRAJECTORIES AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENTS. LOW BIRTHWEIGHT, PREMATURE BIRTH, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, AND MATERNAL MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN RELATED TO AN INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS LATER IN LIFE. CONVERSELY, HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAS BEEN LINKED TO FUTURE RISK OF CANCER. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION ESTIMATED BY THE METHYLATION OF REPETITIVE SEQUENCES IN THE GENOME IS AN INDICATOR OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES. WE USED DATA AND BIOSPECIMENS FROM AN EPIGENETIC BIRTH COHORT TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TRAJECTORIES OF FETAL AND MATERNAL WEIGHT AND LINE-1 METHYLATION IN 319 MOTHER-CHILD DYADS. NEWBORNS WITH LOW OR HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN THEIR CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO NORMAL WEIGHT INFANTS AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GESTATIONAL AGE, SEX OF THE CHILD, MATERNAL AGE AT DELIVERY, AND MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY (P = 0.007 AND P = 0.036, RESPECTIVELY), BUT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DIFFERENCE WAS SMALL. INFANTS BORN PREMATURELY ALSO HAD LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO TERM INFANTS, AND THIS DIFFERENCE, THOUGH SMALL, WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.004). WE DID NOT FIND IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PREPREGNANCY BMI OR GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND GLOBAL METHYLATION OF THE CORD BLOOD OR FETAL PLACENTAL TISSUE. IN CONCLUSION, WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN CORD BLOOD LINE-1 METHYLATION AMONG NEWBORNS WITH LOW AND HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT AS WELL AS AMONG PREMATURELY BORN INFANTS. FUTURE STUDIES MAY ELUCIDATE WHETHER CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITIES OR OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASED RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
17   684  31 BRAIN STAT5 MODULATES LONG-TERM METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN FEMALE MICE. SEVERAL METABOLIC AND BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS THAT EMERGE DURING PREGNANCY REMAIN PRESENT AFTER WEANING. THUS, REPRODUCTIVE EXPERIENCE CAUSES LONG-LASTING METABOLIC PROGRAMMING, PARTICULARLY IN THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, THE ISOLATE EFFECTS OF PREGNANCY OR LACTATION AND THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THESE LONG-TERM MODIFICATIONS ARE CURRENTLY UNKNOWN. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF BRAIN SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION-5 (STAT5), A KEY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RECRUITED BY HORMONES HIGHLY SECRETED DURING GESTATION OR LACTATION, FOR THE LONG-TERM ADAPTATIONS INDUCED BY REPRODUCTIVE EXPERIENCE. IN CONTROL MICE, PREGNANCY FOLLOWED BY LACTATION LED TO INCREASED BODY ADIPOSITY AND REDUCED AMBULATORY ACTIVITY LATER IN LIFE. ADDITIONALLY, PREGNANCY+LACTATION INDUCED LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE BRAIN: WE OBSERVED UPREGULATION IN HYPOTHALAMIC EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES AND REDUCED NUMBERS OF NEURONS WITH HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR, ARCUATE, AND VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEI. REMARKABLY, BRAIN-SPECIFIC STAT5 ABLATION PREVENTED ALL METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN REPRODUCTIVELY EXPERIENCED CONTROL FEMALE MICE. NONETHELESS, BRAIN-SPECIFIC STAT5 KNOCKOUT (KO) MICE THAT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF PREGNANCY BUT DID NOT LACTATE SHOWED INCREASED BODY WEIGHT AND REDUCED ENERGY EXPENDITURE LATER IN LIFE, WHEREAS PREGNANCY KO AND PREGNANCY+LACTATION KO MICE EXHIBITED IMPROVED INSULIN SENSITIVITY COMPARED WITH VIRGIN KO MICE. IN SUMMARY, LACTATION IS NECESSARY FOR THE LONG-LASTING METABOLIC EFFECTS OBSERVED IN REPRODUCTIVELY EXPERIENCED FEMALE MICE. IN ADDITION, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVING HISTONE ACETYLATION IN NEURONAL POPULATIONS RELATED TO ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION ARE POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH THESE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES. FINALLY, OUR FINDINGS HIGHLIGHTED THE KEY ROLE PLAYED BY BRAIN STAT5 SIGNALING FOR THE CHRONIC METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY PREGNANCY AND LACTATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  3970  35 LONG-LASTING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER IN ADULT ANIMALS EXPOSED TO AMPHETAMINE DURING EMBRYOGENESIS: INVESTIGATING BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS. THE DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT) IS AN INTEGRAL MEMBER OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RELEASE AND REUPTAKE OF DOPAMINE FROM THE SYNAPTIC SPACE INTO THE DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS. DAT IS ALSO THE MAJOR TARGET OF AMPHETAMINE (AMPH). THE EFFECTS OF AMPH ON DAT HAVE BEEN INTENSIVELY STUDIED; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS CAUSED BY EMBRYONAL EXPOSURE TO ADDICTIVE DOSES OF AMPH REMAIN LARGELY UNEXPLORED. AS IN MAMMALS, IN THE NEMATODE C. ELEGANS AMPH CAUSES CHANGES IN LOCOMOTION WHICH ARE LARGELY MEDIATED BY THE C. ELEGANS DAT HOMOLOGUE, DAT-1. HERE, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC EMBRYONIC EXPOSURES TO AMPH ALTER THE EXPRESSION OF DAT-1 IN ADULT C. ELEGANS VIA LONG-LASTING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THESE CHANGES ARE CORRELATED WITH AN ENHANCED BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO AMPH IN ADULT ANIMALS. IMPORTANTLY, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND GENETIC INTERVENTION DIRECTED AT PREVENTING THE AMPH-INDUCED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OCCURRING DURING EMBRYOGENESIS INHIBITED THE LONG-LASTING BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OBSERVED IN ADULT ANIMALS. BECAUSE MANY COMPONENTS OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM, AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ARE HIGHLY CONSERVED BETWEEN C. ELEGANS AND MAMMALS, THESE RESULTS COULD BE CRITICAL FOR OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW DRUGS OF ABUSE INITIATE PREDISPOSITION TO ADDICTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19  1854  35 ELEVATED SEMINAL PLASMA ESTRADIOL AND EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF ESR1 AND ESR2 IS ASSOCIATED WITH CP/CPPS. CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME (CP/CPPS) IS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS AND HORMONAL IMBALANCES AMONGST OTHERS. THE HETEROGENEOUS CLINICAL PRESENTATION, UNEXPLORED MOLECULAR BACKGROUND AND LACK OF PROSTATE BIOPSIES COMPLICATE THERAPY. HERE, USING LIQUID BIOPSIES, WE PERFORMED A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSLATIONAL STUDY ON MEN DIAGNOSED WITH CP/CPPS TYPE III (N= 50; MEDIAN AGE 39.8, RANGE 23-65) AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS (N= 61; MEDIAN AGE 36.8, RANGE 20-69), CONSIDERING BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND EJACULATES, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR GENES (ESR1 AND ESR2) IN LEUKOCYTES ISOLATED FROM BLOOD (SYSTEMIC REGULATION) AND IN SOMATIC CELLS ISOLATED FROM EJACULATES (LOCAL REGULATION). WE FOUND ELEVATED 17BETA-ESTRADIOL (E(2)) LEVELS IN SEMINAL PLASMA, BUT NOT IN BLOOD PLASMA, THAT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CP/CPPS AND IMPAIRED URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS. IN EJACULATED SOMATIC CELLS OF CP/CPPS PATIENTS WE FOUND THAT ESR1 AND ESR2 WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATED IN CPG-PROMOTERS AND EXPRESSIONALLY DOWN-REGULATED IN COMPARISON TO CONTROLS. MAST CELLS ARE REPORTED TO CONTRIBUTE TO CP/CPPS AND ARE ESTROGEN RESPONSIVE. CONSISTENT WITH THIS, WE FOUND THAT E(2) -TREATMENT OF HUMAN MAST CELL LINES (HMC-1 AND LAD2) RESULTED IN ALTERED CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION. INTERESTINGLY, IN HMC-1 CELLS, POSSESSING EPIGENETICALLY INACTIVATED ESR1 AND ESR2, E(2) -TREATMENT LED TO A REDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF A NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY GENES. OVERALL, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT ELEVATED LOCAL E(2) LEVELS ASSOCIATE WITH AN EPIGENETIC DOWN-REGULATION OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND HAVE A PROMINENT ROLE IN CP/CPPS. INVESTIGATING E(2) LEVELS IN SEMEN COULD THEREFORE SERVE AS A PROMISING BIOMARKER TO SELECT PATIENTS FOR ESTROGEN TARGETED THERAPY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  2101  37 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF PRENATAL STRESS ON 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE-2 IN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL BRAIN. MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS DURING PREGNANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN OFFSPRING NEURODEVELOPMENT AND ELEVATED MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS LIKELY PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN MEDIATING THESE EFFECTS. PLACENTAL 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2 (HSD11B2) BUFFERS THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE BY CONVERTING CORTISOL/CORTICOSTERONE INTO INACTIVE METABOLITES. HOWEVER, PREVIOUS STUDIES INDICATE THAT MATERNAL ADVERSITY DURING THE PRENATAL PERIOD CAN LEAD TO A DOWN-REGULATION OF THIS ENZYME. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE IMPACT OF PRENATAL STRESS (CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS DURING GESTATIONAL DAYS 14-20) IN LONG EVANS RATS ON HSD11B2 MRNA IN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL BRAIN (E20) AND ASSESSED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THESE STRESS-INDUCED EFFECTS. IN THE PLACENTA, PRENATAL STRESS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN HSD11B2 MRNA, INCREASED MRNA LEVELS OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT3A, AND INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPG SITES WITHIN THE HSD11B2 GENE PROMOTER. WITHIN THE FETAL HYPOTHALAMUS, THOUGH WE FIND NO STRESS-INDUCED EFFECTS ON HSD11B2 MRNA LEVELS, PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED DECREASED CPG METHYLATION WITHIN THE HSD11B2 PROMOTER AND INCREASED METHYLATION AT SITES WITHIN EXON 1. WITHIN THE FETAL CORTEX, HSD11B2 MRNA AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE NOT ALTERED BY PRENATAL STRESS, THOUGH WE DID FIND STRESS-INDUCED ELEVATIONS IN DNMT1 MRNA IN THIS BRAIN REGION. WITHIN INDIVIDUALS, WE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES WITHIN THE HSD11B2 GENE PROMOTER AND EXON 1 AT WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE HIGHLY CORRELATED BETWEEN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL CORTEX. OVERALL, OUR FINDINGS IMPLICATE DNA METHYLATION AS A MECHANISM BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS ALTERS HSD11B2 GENE EXPRESSION. THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE TISSUE SPECIFICITY OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, BUT ALSO RAISE THE INTRIGUING POSSIBILITY OF USING THE EPIGENETIC STATUS OF PLACENTA TO PREDICT CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN THE BRAIN.	2012