1  3867 87 JMJD3/H3K27ME3 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION REGULATES TH17/TREG CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS A CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND ULCERATION OF THE COLONIC MUCOSA, FREQUENT RELAPSE, AND CANCERIZATION THAT IS DIFFICULT TO CURE. IN RECENT YEARS, THE INCIDENCE OF UC HAS INCREASED. HOWEVER, ITS ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS ARE STILL NOT COMPLETELY CLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS) WAS USED TO INDUCE THE MODEL, AND GSK-J1 AND DEXAMETHASONE WERE ADMINISTERED TO THE MICE. A VARIETY OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, PCR AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP), WERE USED TO EXAMINE JMJD3/H3K27ME3-MEDIATED REGULATION OF TH17/TREG CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN UC BY TARGETING HISTONE MODIFICATION. THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE AN IMPORTANT THEORETICAL BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOGENESIS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS OF UC.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2  5435 27 RELATIVE ROLE OF METHYLATOR AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PATHWAYS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED COLORECTAL CANCER RISK WHICH MAY BE SECONDARY TO REPETITIVE MUCOSAL INJURY. BOTH EPIGENETIC METHYLATION AND THE CLASSIC ADENOMA-TO-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY DEFINED. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND COMMON COLORECTAL CANCERS. METHODS: NINETEEN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMAS ARISING WITHIN UC WERE MATCHED FOR AGE AND CANCER SITE WITH 54 PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS. TUMOR TISSUE WAS EXAMINED FOR BRAF MUTATIONS, CPG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE (CIMP), AND MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION. MUTATIONS OF KRAS AND P53 WERE ASSESSED BY SEQUENCING. RESULTS: PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS WERE SIMILAR FOR THE TWO GROUPS. CIMP WAS OBSERVED IN 22% OF SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS AND IN 5% OF UC CANCERS (P = 0.162). RATES OF BRAF MUTATION (4% VS 5%, P = 1.0), MLH1 METHYLATION (9% VERSUS 5%, P = 0.682), AND KRAS MUTATIONS (24% VERSUS 32%, P = 0.552) WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN THE GROUPS. HOWEVER, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A P53 MUTATION COMPARED TO SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS (95% VERSUS 53%, P = 0.001). THE DOMINANT MUTATION FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS WAS A MUTATION IN CODON 4, REPRESENTING HALF OF THE MUTATIONS. FURTHERMORE, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS HAD A HIGHER RATE OF MUTATION IN CODON 8 (48% VERSUS 6%, P < 0.001) THAN SPORADIC COUNTERPARTS. CONCLUSIONS: UNLIKE OTHER INFLAMMATORY GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS DO NOT PREFERENTIALLY ARISE VIA A METHYLATOR PATHWAY WHEN COMPARED TO SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS. CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY REMAINS AN IMPORTANT ETIOLOGY, BUT WITH A UNIQUE P53 FREQUENCY AND MUTATION PATTERN.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  5783 33 SPONTANEOUS AND TRANSGENIC RODENT MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS A MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER WITH MANY DIFFERENT PUTATIVE INFLUENCES MEDIATING DISEASE ONSET, SEVERITY, PROGRESSION AND DIMINUTION. SPONTANEOUS NATURAL IBD IS CLASSICALLY EXPRESSED AS CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) COMMONLY FOUND IN PRIMATES; LYMPHOPLASMOCYTIC ENTERITIS, EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS AND COLITIS, AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS WITH NEURONAL HYPERPLASIA IN DOGS; AND COLITIS IN HORSES. SPONTANEOUS INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE HAS BEEN NOTED IN A NUMBER OF RODENT MODELS WHICH DIFFER IN GENETIC STRAIN BACKGROUND, INDUCED MUTATION, MICROBIOTA INFLUENCES AND IMMUNOPATHOGENIC PATHWAYS. HISTOLOGICAL LESIONS IN CROHN'S DISEASE FEATURE NONCASEATING GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION WHILE UC LESIONS TYPICALLY EXHIBIT ULCERATION, LAMINA PROPRIA INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATES AND LACK OF GRANULOMA DEVELOPMENT. INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY CD AND UC IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA. TRANSGENIC MURINE MODELS HAVE DETERMINED UNDERLYING ETIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES AND APPROPRIATE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN IBD. THIS LITERATURE REVIEW WILL DISCUSS CURRENT OPINION AND FINDINGS IN SPONTANEOUS IBD, HIGHLIGHT SELECTED TRANSGENIC RODENT MODELS OF IBD AND DISCUSS THEIR RESPECTIVE PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO PROVIDE ACCOMMODATION OF INDUCED PUTATIVE DEFICITS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND TO ASSESS DISCOMFORT AND PAIN LEVELS IN THE FACE OF SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND/OR MORTALITY IN THESE MODELS. EPIGENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL (MICROBIOME, METABOLOME) AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN IBD PATHOGENESIS, AND EVALUATING WAYS IN WHICH THEY INFLUENCE DISEASE EXPRESSION REPRESENT POTENTIAL INVESTIGATIVE APPROACHES WITH THE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR NEW DISCOVERIES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  3765 30 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE COLON BIOPSIES. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) ARE INTESTINAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZED BY ALTERED EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND TISSUE DAMAGE. DESPITE SIGNIFICANT EFFORTS TO UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION, THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CD AND UC REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION IN CD AND UC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HUMAN COLON BIOPSY SPECIMENS WAS PERFORMED. DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN DISEASE TISSUES COMPARED WITH NORMAL TISSUES WERE CHARACTERIZED FROM THE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FURTHER SUBJECTED TO PATHWAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS. RESULTS: SAMPLE ANALYSIS SHOWED 4250 GENES WITH MATCHED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND A WIDE RANGE OF CORRELATION OF RNA-PROTEIN ABUNDANCE ACROSS SAMPLES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN CD AND UC SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, COMPLEMENT CASCADE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES AND PPAR SIGNALING. IN CD, INCREASED T-HELPER CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND ELEVATED TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AND JAK/STAT SIGNALING WERE OBSERVED. INTERESTINGLY, INCREASED MAPK SIGNALING WAS ONLY OBSERVED IN UC. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN UC. OF NOTE, A LARGE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN REGULATION OF RNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN INFLAMED COLON SAMPLES WAS DETECTED FOR PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED BIOMARKERS INCLUDING MMP14 AND LAMP1. CONCLUSIONS: WITH THE ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS, THE PRESENT STUDY UNRAVELS KEY MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CD AND UC PATHOGENESIS AND EMPHASIZES THAT INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OMICS DATA SETS CAN PROVIDE MORE INSIGHT INTO UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX DISEASE MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  2422 27 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES DISCRIMINATE PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS FROM PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS. BACKGROUND: PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LIVER DISEASE AFFECTING THE INTRA- AND EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS, AND IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC). IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLOME AND ITS IMMUNE CELL COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH PSC-UC, UC, AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (HC) WITH THE AIM TO DEVELOP A PREDICTIVE ASSAY IN DISTINGUISHING PATIENTS WITH PSC-UC FROM THOSE WITH UC ALONE. METHODS: THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLOME OF MALE PATIENTS WITH PSC AND CONCOMITANT UC, UC AND HCS WAS PROFILED USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION INFINIUM EPIC BEADCHIP (850K) ARRAY. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG POSITION (DMP) AND REGION (DMR) ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED ALONGSIDE GRADIENT BOOSTING CLASSIFICATION ANALYSES TO DISCERN PSC-UC FROM UC PATIENTS. AS OBSERVED DIFFERENCES IN THE DNA METHYLOME COULD BE THE RESULT OF DIFFERENCES IN CELLULAR POPULATIONS, WE ADDITIONALLY EMPLOYED MASS CYTOMETRY (CYTOF) TO CHARACTERIZE THE IMMUNE CELL COMPOSITIONS. RESULTS: GENOME WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS DID NOT REVEAL LARGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PSC-UC AND UC PATIENTS NOR HCS. NONETHELESS, USING GRADIENT BOOSTING WE WERE CAPABLE OF DISCERNING PSC-UC FROM UC WITH AN AREA UNDER THE RECEIVER OPERATOR CURVE (AUROC) OF 0.80. FOUR CPG SITES ANNOTATED TO THE NINJ2 GENE WERE FOUND TO STRONGLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE. WHILE CYTOF ANALYSES CORROBORATED THE LARGELY SIMILAR BLOOD CELL COMPOSITION AMONG PATIENTS WITH PSC-UC, UC AND HC, A HIGHER ABUNDANCE OF MYELOID CELLS WAS OBSERVED IN UC COMPARED TO PSC-UC PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: DNA METHYLATION ENABLES DISCERNING PSC-UC FROM UC PATIENTS, WITH A POTENTIAL FOR BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  1099 27 COLONIC CARCINOGENESIS IN IBD: MOLECULAR EVENTS. PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING INTESTINAL CANCERS VIA MECHANISMS THAT REMAIN INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. SEVERAL EVIDENCES SUGGEST A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. IN FACT, PATIENTS WITH UC ARE EXPOSED TO REPEATED EPISODES OF INFLAMMATION THAT PREDISPOSE TO VARIOUS TUMORIGENIC EVENTS AND THE SEQUENCE OF THESE EVENTS ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP A SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCER. IN UC CARCINOGENESIS THE EARLY EVENTS ARE REPRESENTED BY DNA METHYLATION THAT PRODUCE AN INHIBITION OF ONCO-SUPPRESSOR GENES, MUTATION OF P53, ANEUPLOIDY AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY. HYPERMETHYLATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND DNA MISMATCH REPAIR GENE PROMOTER REGIONS, IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF GENE SILENCING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO TUMORIGENESIS AND MIGHT REPRESENT THE FIRST STEP IN INFLAMMATORY CARCINOGENESIS. P53 IS FREQUENTLY MUTATED IN THE EARLY STAGES OF UC-ASSOCIATED CANCER, IN 33-67% OF PATIENTS WITH DYSPLASIA AND IN 83-95% OF UC RELATED CANCER PATIENTS. MOREOVER, ANEUPLOIDY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR FORTHCOMING CARCINOGENESIS IN UC FINALLY, THE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE HIGH CUMULATIVE RATE OF DYSPLASIA IN UC AND THE RELATIVELY LOWER INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE CANCER RAISES THE QUESTION ABOUT THE MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE THAT MAY PREVENT MALIGNANT PROGRESSION OF NEOPLASM IN THE COLON IN MOST CASES. CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULE CD80 UP-REGULATION IN COLONIC MUCOSA IN UC DYSPLASIA MAY BE ONE OF THESE MECHANISM.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  3752 29 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED THE INVOLVEMENT OF HSA_CIRC_0007919 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. BACKGROUND: ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS UNDERLYING THE OCCURRENCE. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) HAVE BEEN UNDER INTENSIVE FOCUS DUE TO THE CIRCULAR CONSTRUCT AND GENE-REGULATING FUNCTIONS. HOWEVER, THE CHANGES AND ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN UC REMAIN UNKNOWN. METHODS: MICROARRAYS WERE USED TO DETECT THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES, AND QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO IDENTIFY THE CHANGES IN UC. IN SILICO ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED TO PREDICT THE FUNCTIONS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS. IN VITRO, EPITHELIAL CELL LINES WERE STIMULATED BY PRO-INFLAMMATION EFFECTORS TO TEST THE ALTERATIONS IN CIRCRNAS. CIRCRNAS-MICRORNAS-MRNAS NETWORK CLARIFIED THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CIRCRNAS IN UC. THE BINDING SITE BETWEEN HSA_CIRC_0007919 AND MIR-138 OR LET-7A WAS VERIFIED USING DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 264 SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND 1869 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN INFLAMED MUCOSA WERE COMPARED WITH THE NON-INFLAMED MUCOSA IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0004662 AND HSA_CIRC_0007919 WERE ALTERED LARGELY IN UC TISSUES. HSA_CIRC_0007919 WAS REDUCED PERSISTENTLY AFTER INFLAMMATORY TREATMENTS, AND IT WAS RELEVANT TO MAYO ENDOSCOPIC SUBSCORES AND THE EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION MOLECULES. FINALLY, HSA_CIRC_0007919 COULD HARBOR MIR-138, AND LET-7A TO REGULATE THE TARGETED MRNAS EPC1 AND VIPR1. CONCLUSIONS: SEVERAL CIRCRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0007919 IS RELATED TO CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY BY BINDING TO HSA-LET-7A, HSA-MIR-138 TO REGULATE THE TARGET GENES. CIRCRNAS, ESPECIALLY HSA_CIRC_0007919, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF UC, WITH POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8  4732 31 NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER: AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN METABOLIC DYSREGULATION AND EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION. PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION CAN TRIGGER ALTERED EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND BIOENERGETIC STATES. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS AN IDIOPATHIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, WITH EVIDENCE OF SUBSEQUENT METABOLIC SYNDROME DISORDER. STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT AS MANY AS 42% OF PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) WHO ARE FOUND TO HAVE HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA, EITHER ALREADY HAD COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) OR DEVELOP IT WITHIN A SHORT TIME. THE PRESENCE OF LOW-GRADE DYSPLASIA IS ALSO PREDICTIVE OF CRC. MANY SIGNALING PATHWAYS ARE SHARED AMONG IBD AND CRC, INCLUDING CELL SURVIVAL, CELL PROLIFERATION, ANGIOGENESIS, AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. CURRENT IBD THERAPEUTICS TARGET A SMALL SUBSET OF MOLECULAR DRIVERS OF IBD, WITH MANY FOCUSED ON THE INFLAMMATORY ASPECT OF THE PATHWAYS. THUS, THERE IS A GREAT NEED TO IDENTIFY BIOMARKERS OF BOTH IBD AND CRC, THAT CAN BE PREDICTIVE OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY, DISEASE SEVERITY, AND PREDISPOSITION TO CRC. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE CHANGES IN BIOMARKERS SPECIFIC FOR INFLAMMATORY, METABOLIC, AND PROLIFERATIVE PATHWAYS, TO HELP DETERMINE THE RELEVANCE TO BOTH IBD AND CRC. OUR ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IBD, THE LOSS OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN RAS ASSOCIATED FAMILY PROTEIN 1A (RASSF1A), VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES, THE HYPERACTIVATION OF THE OBLIGATE KINASE OF THE NOD2 PATHOGEN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR (RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 2 [RIPK2]), THE LOSS OF ACTIVATION OF THE METABOLIC KINASE, AMP ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPKALPHA1), AND, LASTLY, THE ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND KINASE YES ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (YAP) KINASE, THAT IS INVOLVED IN PROLIFERATION OF CELLS. THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION STATUS OF THESE FOUR ELEMENTS ARE MIRRORED IN IBD, CRC, AND IBD-CRC PATIENTS AND, IMPORTANTLY, IN MATCHED BLOOD AND BIOPSY SAMPLES. THE LATTER WOULD SUGGEST THAT BIOMARKER ANALYSIS CAN BE PERFORMED NON-INVASIVELY, TO UNDERSTAND IBD AND CRC, WITHOUT THE NEED FOR INVASIVE AND COSTLY ENDOSCOPIC ANALYSIS. THIS STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, ILLUSTRATES THE NEED TO UNDERSTAND IBD OR CRC BEYOND AN INFLAMMATORY PERSPECTIVE AND THE VALUE OF THERAPEUTICS DIRECTED TO RESET ALTERED PROLIFERATIVE AND METABOLIC STATES WITHIN THE COLON. THE USE OF SUCH THERAPEUTICS MAY TRULY DRIVE PATIENTS INTO REMISSION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  5602 27 RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS ARE NECESSARY FOR TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION DURING COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS IN MICE. COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TUMOR ENTITIES. IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER IS CONSIDERED A DANGEROUS LONG-TERM COMPLICATION. IL-17A AND THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-RELATED ORPHAN RECEPTOR GAMMAT (RORGAMMAT) PLAY FUNDAMENTAL ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; IN HUMAN STUDIES, WE DETECTED A DENSE INFILTRATION OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT CD4(+) IL17A(+) T HELPER (TH)17 CELLS IN SPECIMENS OF CRC, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISTIC ROLE OF RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS REMAINS UNCLEAR. TO INVESTIGATE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON TUMORIGENESIS, WE CONDUCTED STUDIES IN THE AOM+DSS MOUSE MODEL THAT REVEALED THE IMPORTANCE OF RORGAMMAT FOR COLON TUMOR PROGRESSION. IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES, MICE SHOWED SIGNS OF INTENSE CHRONIC COLITIS, BUT DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER MACROSCOPIC TUMOR NODULES. THE REDUCTION OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN RORGAMMAT(-/-) MICE WAS NOT DUE TO REDUCED COLON TUMOR INITIATION. HOWEVER, THE PROLIFERATION RATE OF TUMOR CELLS WAS REDUCED IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS SHOWED PRONOUNCED SIGNS OF SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC AND LYSOSOMAL CHANGES. THESE RESULTS INDICATE AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR THE IMMUNOLOGICAL MILIEU IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER, WHICH IS SHAPED IN-PART BY RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES THAT SUPPORT CRC GROWTH.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  3691 33 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: AN UPDATED OVERVIEW ON THE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN INVOLVEMENT. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBDS) REPRESENT CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC DISORDERS, INCLUDING CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC), IN WHICH ONE OF THE TRIGGER FACTORS IS REPRESENTED BY ABERRANT IMMUNE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AND THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA. THE INVOLVEMENT OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSPS) AS ETIOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FACTORS IS BECOMING OF INCREASING INTEREST. HSPS WERE FOUND TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE INTESTINAL TISSUES AND SERA OF PATIENTS WITH CD AND UC. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT HSPS CAN PLAY A DUAL ROLE IN THE DISEASE, DEPENDING ON THE STAGE OF PROGRESSION. THEY CAN SUPPORT THE INFLAMMATORY AND FIBROSIS PROCESS, BUT THEY CAN ALSO ACT AS PROTECTIVE FACTORS DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION OR BEFORE THE ONSET OF ONE OF THE WORST COMPLICATIONS OF IBD, COLORECTAL CANCER. FURTHERMORE, HSPS ARE ABLE TO MEDIATE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. IN THIS WORK, WE DISCUSS THE INVOLVEMENT OF HSPS IN IBD CONSIDERING THEIR GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, IMMUNE AND MOLECULAR ROLES, REFERRING TO THE MOST RECENT WORKS PRESENT IN THE LITERATURE. WITH OUR REVIEW, WE WANT TO SHED LIGHT ON THE IMPORTANCE OF FURTHER EXPLORING THE ROLE OF HSPS, OR EVEN BETTER, THE ROLE OF THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONE SYSTEM (CS), IN IBD: VARIOUS MOLECULES OF THE CS INCLUDING HSPS MAY HAVE DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL, PROMOTING THE CREATION OF NEW DRUGS THAT COULD OVERCOME THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF THE THERAPIES CURRENTLY USED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11  4283 28 MICRORNA BIOMARKERS IN IBD-DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) INCLUDES CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC). THESE ARE CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. THE IBD POPULATION INCLUDES A HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH VARYING DISEASE COURSES REQUIRING PERSONALIZED TREATMENT PROTOCOLS. THE COMPLEXITY OF THE DISEASE OFTEN DELAYS THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE INITIATION OF APPROPRIATE TREATMENTS. IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS, IBD LEADS TO COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER (CAC). MICRORNAS ARE SINGLE-STRANDED REGULATORY NONCODING RNAS OF 18 TO 22 NUCLEOTIDES WITH PUTATIVE ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD AND COLORECTAL CANCER. THEY HAVE BEEN EXPLORED AS BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. BOTH TISSUE-DERIVED AND CIRCULATING MICRORNAS HAVE EMERGED AS PROMISING BIOMARKERS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND IN THE PROGNOSIS OF DISEASE SEVERITY OF IBD AS WELL AS PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS IN DRUG RESISTANCE. IN ADDITION, KNOWLEDGE OF THE CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MICRORNAS IS A PREREQUISITE FOR DECIPHERING THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF THESE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS AND THE CELLULAR LOCALIZATION MAY EVEN CONTRIBUTE TO AN ALTERNATIVE REPERTOIRE OF BIOMARKERS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS FINDINGS BASED ON RT-QPCR, MICROARRAY PROFILING, NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION OF MICRORNA BIOMARKERS IDENTIFIED IN THE CIRCULATION AND IN TISSUE BIOPSIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  5907 33 TARGET-BASED SMALL MOLECULE DRUG DISCOVERY TOWARDS NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD), INCLUDING ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD), IS A CLASS OF SEVERE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT WITH RECURRENT SYMPTOMS AND SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY. LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN IBD IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER. CONVERSELY, PERSISTENCE OF TRANSMURAL INFLAMMATION IN CD IS ASSOCIATED WITH FORMATION OF FIBROSING STRICTURES, RESULTING IN SUBSTANTIAL MORBIDITY. THE RECENT INTRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS AS IBD THERAPIES, SUCH AS ANTIBODIES NEUTRALIZING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)-ALPHA, HAVE REPLACED NONSELECTIVE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. HOWEVER, A LARGE PROPORTION (~40%) OF PATIENTS WITH THE TREATMENT OF ANTI-TNF-ALPHA ANTIBODIES ARE DISCONTINUED OR WITHDRAWN FROM THERAPY BECAUSE OF (1) PRIMARY NONRESPONSE, (2) SECONDARY LOSS OF RESPONSE, (3) OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION, OR (4) ONSET OF CANCER. THEREFORE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTICS TARGETING SPECIFIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD IS URGENTLY NEEDED. IN THIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DISCOVERY OF NEW SMALL MOLECULES IN PRECLINICAL OR CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TREATING IBD THAT TARGET BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PATHWAYS IN MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION. THESE INCLUDE INTRACELLULAR ENZYMES (JANUS KINASES, RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4, IKAPPAB KINASE), INTEGRINS, G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) AND INFLAMMASOME MEDIATORS (NLRP3), ETC. WE WILL ALSO DISCUSS EMERGING EVIDENCE OF A DISTINCT MECHANISM OF ACTION, BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4, AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVATION, COMMUNICATION, AND TRAFFICKING OF IMMUNE CELLS. WE HIGHLIGHT THEIR CHEMOTYPES, MODE OF ACTIONS, STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS, CHARACTERIZATIONS, AND THEIR IN VITRO/IN VIVO ACTIVITIES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL. THE PERSPECTIVES ON THE RELEVANT CHALLENGES, NEW OPPORTUNITIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THIS FIELD ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  6746 25 WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON NOVEL SOMATIC MUTATIONS IDENTIFIED IN CHINESE PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: CARCINOGENESIS IS A SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS. WE INVESTIGATED THE SOMATIC MUTATIONS AND PATHWAY ALTERATIONS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IN CHINESE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH SPORADIC CRCS TO REVEAL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC. METHODS: WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING WAS PERFORMED ON ARCHIVAL TUMOR TISSUES AND PAIRED ADJACENT NONDYSPLASTIC MUCOSA FROM 10 ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC PATIENTS AT A HIGH RISK OF CARCINOGENESIS. GENOMIC ALTERATION PROFILES FROM 223 PRIMARY CRCS FROM THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS SERVED AS SPORADIC CRC CONTROLS. A META-ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE DIFFERENCES IN MAJOR GENETIC MUTATIONS BETWEEN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND CROHN'S DISEASE-ASSOCIATED CRCS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 44 NONSILENT RECURRENT SOMATIC MUTATIONS VIA WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING, INCLUDING 25 DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS AND THE PI3K-AKT PATHWAY (COL6A3, FN1), AUTOPHAGY (ULK1), CELL ADHESION (PODXL, PTPRT, ZFHX4), AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION (ARID1A, NCOR2, KMT2D, NCOA6, MECP2, SUPT6H). IN TOTAL, 11 OF THE 25 MUTATED GENES SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERED BETWEEN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC AND SPORADIC CRC (APC, APOB, MECP2, NCOR2, NTRK2, PODXL, RABGAP1, SIK3, SUPT6H, ULK1, USP48). SOMATIC TP53 MUTATIONS OCCURRED IN 33% OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS. SUBSEQUENT META-ANALYSIS REVEALED DISTINCT MUTATION PROFILES FOR CROHN'S DISEASE- AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS. MUTATIONS INVOLVING THE NF-KB PATHWAY AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION WERE MORE COMMON IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS THAN IN SPORADIC CRCS. CONCLUSION: DISTINCT GENOMIC ALTERATION PROFILES OF DELETERIOUS SOMATIC MUTATIONS WERE FOUND IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND SPORADIC CRCS. MUTATIONS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, SUCH AS KMT2D AND NCOA6, WERE COMMON, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC PATHOMECHANISM FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CARCINOMA IN CHINESE PATIENTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14  4293 27 MICRORNA PROFILING IN MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER MODEL REVEALS EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS DURING CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENETIC DELETION OF THE MUC2 GENE CAUSES COLORECTAL CANCERS IN MICE. THE CURRENT STUDY FURTHER SHOWED THAT AT THE EARLY STAGE (<3 MONTHS) THE MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN COLON AND RECTUM, SIMILAR PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AS HUMAN COLITIS; AND AT THE LATE STAGE (>3 MONTHS) THE MICE EXHIBITED COLORECTAL CANCER, INCLUDING A UNIQUE PHENOTYPE OF RECTAL PROLAPSED (RECTAL SEVERE INFLAMMATION AND ADENOCARCINOMA). THUS, THE AGE OF 3 MONTHS MIGHT BE THE KEY POINT OF THE TRANSITION FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO CANCER. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISMS OF THE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, WE CONDUCTED MIRNA ARRAY ON THE COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE 3-MONTH MUC2-/- AND +/+ MICE. MICRORNA PROFILING SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS (I.E. LOWER OR HIGHER EXPRESSION ENRICHMENTS) IN MUC2-/- MICE. 15 OF THEM WERE VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE PCR. BASED ON RELEVANCE TO CYTOKINE AND CANCER, 4 MIRNAS (MIR-138, MIR-145, MIR-146A, AND MIR-150) WERE VALIDATE AND WERE FOUND SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN HUMAN COLITIS AND COLORECTAL CANCER TISSUES. THE NETWORK OF THE TARGETS OF THESE MIRNAS WAS CHARACTERIZED, AND INTERESTEDLY, MIRNA-ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN MUC2-/-MICE. THIS IS THE FIRST TO REVEAL THE IMPORTANCE OF ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS IN DYNAMICALLY TRANSFORMATION FROM CHRONIC COLITIS TO COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. THESE FINDINGS SHED LIGHT ON REVEALING THE MECHANISMS OF CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15  1137 24 COMPREHENSIVE PHENOTYPING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: SEARCH FOR BIOMARKER ALGORITHMS IN THE TRANSKINGDOM INTERACTIONS CONTEXT. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH A DYSREGULATED IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE TO THE COMMENSAL MICROBIOTA IN A GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. IBD INCLUDES ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD), BOTH OF WHICH ARE REMARKABLY HETEROGENEOUS IN THEIR CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT. THIS TRANSLATES INTO A NOTABLE DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE, ESPECIALLY IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES WHERE IBD IS ON THE RISE AND ACCESS TO DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT IS NOT ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE FOR CHRONIC DISEASES. THE PRESENT WORK CHARACTERIZED, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OUR REGION, EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS AND GUT MICROBIAL PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH UC AND CD PATIENTS IN THE BUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN AREA AND REVEALED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NON-IBD CONTROLS AND IBD PATIENTS. GENERAL METABOLIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GUT MICROBIOTA, AS WELL AS CORE MICROORGANISMS WITHIN GROUPS, WERE ALSO ANALYZED. ADDITIONALLY, THE GUT MICROBIOTA ANALYSIS WAS INTEGRATED WITH RELEVANT CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS CONSIDERED IN THE FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH IBD, WITH THE AIM OF GENERATING MORE POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS TO DISCRIMINATE PHENOTYPES. OVERALL, OUR STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO DATA ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS TO PROMOTE COMPREHENSIVE PHENOTYPING TOOLS USING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS IN A TRANSKINGDOM INTERACTIONS NETWORK CONTEXT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  3445 28 HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITGA4, TFPI2 AND VIMENTIN PROMOTERS IS INCREASED IN INFLAMED COLON TISSUE: PUTATIVE RISK MARKERS FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. PURPOSE: EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS INVOLVED IN EARLY TRANSFORMING EVENTS AND HAS A HIGH IMPACT ON COLORECTAL CARCINOGENESIS. LIKEWISE, COLON CANCERS THAT DERIVE FROM CHRONICALLY INFLAMED BOWEL DISEASES FREQUENTLY EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC CHANGES. BUT THERE IS LITTLE DATA ABOUT EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS CAUSING COLORECTAL CANCER IN CHRONICALLY INFLAMED TISSUE. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE ABERRANT GAIN OF METHYLATION IN THE GENE PROMOTERS OF VIM, TFPI2 AND ITGA4 AS PUTATIVE EARLY MARKERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT FROM INFLAMED TISSUE VIA PRECANCEROUS LESIONS TOWARD COLORECTAL CANCER. METHODS: INITIAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT CANCER CELL LINES BY USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR REVEALED A PUTATIVE COLON CANCER-SPECIFIC METHYLATION PATTERN. ADDITIONALLY, A DEMETHYLATION ASSAY WAS PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE THE METHYLATION-DEPENDENT GENE SILENCING OF ITGA4. THE CANDIDATE MARKERS WERE ANALYZED IN COLONIC TISSUE SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER (N = 15), ADENOMAS (N = 76), SERRATED LESIONS (N = 13), CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (N = 10) AND NORMAL MUCOSAL SAMPLES (N = 9). RESULTS: A HIGH METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF VIM (55.6 %) WAS OBSERVED IN NORMAL COLON TISSUE, WHEREAS ITGA4 AND TFPI2 WERE COMPLETELY UNMETHYLATED IN CONTROLS. A SIGNIFICANT GAIN OF METHYLATION FREQUENCY WITH PROGRESSION OF DISEASE AS WELL AS AN AGE-DEPENDENT EFFECT WAS DETECTABLE FOR TFPI2. ITGA4 METHYLATION FREQUENCY WAS HIGH IN PRECANCEROUS AND CANCEROUS TISSUES AS WELL AS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD). CONCLUSION: THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED METHYLATION MARKER VIM DOES NOT PERMIT A SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE DISCRIMINATION OF HEALTHY AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUE. THE METHYLATION MARKERS ITGA4 AND TFPI2 SEEM TO BE SUITABLE RISK MARKERS FOR INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  2071 30 EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF THE E-CADHERIN GENE (CDH1) BY CPG METHYLATION IN COLECTOMY SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS. E-CADHERIN BELONGS TO THE CADHERIN FAMILY OF CALCIUM-DEPENDENT CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES. THE CADHERINS PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS ORDERING OF CELL SORTING, MIGRATION, AND DIFFERENTIATION, AND THEIR MALFUNCTIONING IS CONNECTED WITH NEOPLASIA. NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA. TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES BY PROMOTER METHYLATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF HUMAN CANCERS AND DYSPLASIA. TO EXPLORE THE MODE OF E-CADHERIN REGULATION, 156 BIOPSY SAMPLES FROM 26 PATIENTS WITH LONG-STANDING ULCERATIVE COLITIS WERE SCREENED. TO DETECT THE METHYLATION STATUS OF OUR SAMPLES, A METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR WAS APPLIED. METHYLATION OF THE E-CADHERIN (CDH1) PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN 93% OF THE PATIENTS WITH DYSPLASTIC BIOPSY SAMPLES, IN CONTRAST TO ONLY 6% OF THE PATIENTS WITHOUT DYSPLASIA (P < 0.001). WE ALSO EXAMINED THE LEVEL OF SYNTHESIS OF E-CADHERIN PROTEIN BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING IN DIFFERENT PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SAMPLES OF DYSPLASTIC AND NON-DYSPLASTIC ORIGIN IN A SUBSET OF OUR PATIENTS. SAMPLES WITH DYSPLASIA DISPLAYED REDUCED LEVELS, WHEREAS SAMPLES WITHOUT DYSPLASIA REVEALED NORMAL E-CADHERIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE E-CADHERIN PROMOTER IS SUBJECTED TO EPIGENETIC CONTROL IN COLORECTAL ULCERATION. OBVIOUSLY, THIS EVENT MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO COLORECTAL CANCER. FOR THIS REASON, METHYLATION OF THE CDH1 PROMOTER IS AN ATTRACTIVE NEW BIOMARKER FOR DETECTING ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS WITH A HIGH RISK FOR DEVELOPING COLORECTAL CANCERS.	2002	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18  3413 27 HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. AIM: TO INVESTIGATE THE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL SAMPLES AND THEIR VALUES AS GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS BIOMARKERS. METHODS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA, NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS, INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA WERE ANALYSED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSION PROFILES IN THE GROUPED SAMPLES WAS EVALUATED BY ANOVA AND STUDENT'S T-TEST TESTS. THE RESULTS WERE ADJUSTED FOR MULTIPLE TESTING BY USING BONFERRONI'S CORRECTION. P VALUES </= 0.05 WERE CONSIDERED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. TO EVALUATE HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSIONS AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS, WE PERFORMED A RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSIS AND THE DERIVED AREA UNDER THE CURVE, AND A CATEGORICAL PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS. IN SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENETIC TARGETS OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B WAS PERFORMED USING DIFFERENT PREDICTION TOOLS, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE GENES INVOLVED IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HSA-MIR-29C WERE HIGHER IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSAL SAMPLES, AND DECREASED PROGRESSIVELY IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES, INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES. THE EXPRESSION OF HSA-MIR-29C IN THE GASTRIC LESIONS SHOWED THAT NON-ATROPHIC GASTRITIS HAVE AN INTERMEDIATE PROFILE TO GASTRIC NORMAL MUCOSA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, AND THAT INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES PRESENTED AN EXPRESSION PATTERN SIMILAR TO THAT IN INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA. THIS MICRORNA (MIRNA) HAS A GOOD DISCRIMINATORY ACCURACY BETWEEN NORMAL GASTRIC SAMPLES AND (1) INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA; AND (2) INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, AND REGULATES THE DMNT3A ONCOGENE. HSA-MIR-135B IS UP-REGULATED IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES AND DOWN-REGULATED IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES. NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA SAMPLES. HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSION PRESENTED A GREATER DISCRIMINATORY ACCURACY BETWEEN NORMAL SAMPLES AND GASTRIC LESIONS. THIS MIRNA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI PRESENCE IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES AND REGULATES THE APC AND KLF4 TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND SUGGEST THAT HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B ARE PROMISING BIOMARKERS OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS.	2016	

19  5566 27 ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) THAT INCLUDES BOTH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHNMP'S DISEASE (CD) ARE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). MANY CYTOKINES PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY THE GUT IMMUNE CELLS EITHER DURING OR IN RESPONSE TO LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND RECTUM ARE KNOWN TO STIMULATE THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN THE GUT ENVIRONMENT RESULTING IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, TOGETHER WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CRC. VARIOUS CELL TYPES PRESENT IN THE COLON, SUCH AS ENTEROCYTES, PANETH CELLS, GOBLET CELLS, AND MACROPHAGES, EXPRESS RECEPTORS FOR INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND RESPOND TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1BETA), IL-6, AND OTHER CYTOKINES. AMONG THE SEVERAL CYTOKINES PRODUCED, TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA ARE THE KEY PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES THAT PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC. THE CURRENT REVIEW IS INTENDED TO CONSOLIDATE THE PUBLISHED FINDINGS TO FOCUS ON THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, NAMELY TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA, ON INFLAMMATION (AND THE ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE) IN THE GUT, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC IN IBD, USING VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL MODEL SYSTEMS, PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES. MOREOVER, THIS REVIEW ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THE CURRENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AVAILABLE (MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION THERAPY) TO ALLEVIATE THE SYMPTOMS OR TREAT INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED CRC BY USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OR APTAMERS TO BLOCK PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, INHIBITORS OF TYROSINE KINASES IN THE INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING CASCADE, COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, AND THE NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS LIKE SMALL ACTIVATING RNAS (SARNAS) OR MICRORNA (MIRNA) MIMICS TO ACTIVATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR OR REPRESS ONCOGENE/PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  2875 30 FUNCTIONAL ROLE AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF MICRORNAS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) ARE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, PRIMARILY CONSISTING OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE. THE COMPLEX NATURE OF THE DISEASE, AS WELL AS THE LIMITED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY LOW EFFICIENCY AND MAJOR SIDE EFFECTS, HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING NOVEL STRATEGIES OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN IBD. SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI RELATED TO IBD ARE PRESENT ONLY IN A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF IBD PATIENTS, IMPLYING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS COULD INFLUENCE THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE SMALL NONCODING RNAS THAT REGULATE MULTIPLE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IBD PATHOBIOLOGY. MIRNA INHIBITORS TARGETING THE IBD-ACTIVATED MIRNAS COULD HAVE THERAPEUTIC VALUE FOR IBD PATIENTS. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE RECENT ADVANCES IN MIRNA BIOLOGY RELATED TO IBD PATHOGENESIS AND THE PHARMACOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MIRNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS.	2018