1   243 135 ADOLESCENT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT TOLUENE INHALATION DYNAMICALLY REGULATES THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND NEURONAL METHYLOME WITHIN THE RAT MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX. INHALANTS CONTAINING THE VOLATILE SOLVENT TOLUENE ARE MISUSED TO INDUCE EUPHORIA OR INTOXICATION. INHALANT ABUSE IS MOST COMMON DURING ADOLESCENCE AND CAN RESULT IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS DURING AN IMPORTANT MATURATIONAL PERIOD. DESPITE EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY UNDERPIN THE COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF INHALANTS, NO STUDIES TO DATE HAVE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED TOLUENE-INDUCED REGULATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTOME OR DISCRETE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WITHIN THE BRAIN. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE INVESTIGATED EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT TOLUENE (CIT) INHALATION ON GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WITHIN THE RAT MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), WHICH UNDERGOES MATURATION THROUGHOUT ADOLESCENCE AND HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN TOLUENE-INDUCED COGNITIVE DEFICITS. EMPLOYING BOTH RNA-SEQ AND GENOME-WIDE METHYL CPG BINDING DOMAIN (MBD) ULTRA-SEQ ANALYSIS, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ADOLESCENT CIT INHALATION (10 000 PPM FOR 1 H/DAY, 3 DAYS/WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS) INDUCES BOTH TRANSIENT AND PERSISTENT CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND DNA METHYLOME WITHIN THE RAT MPFC FOR AT LEAST 2 WEEKS FOLLOWING TOLUENE EXPOSURE. WE DEMONSTRATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT ADOLESCENT CIT EXPOSURE RESULTS IN DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE MPFC TRANSCRIPTOME LIKELY RELATING TO ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND PERSISTENT DEFICITS IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. THESE ADAPTATIONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE COGNITIVE DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC TOLUENE EXPOSURE AND PROVIDE NOVEL MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR PREVENTING LONG-TERM NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES FOLLOWING CHRONIC TOLUENE INHALATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2   813  32 CHANGES IN POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL)ATION PATTERNS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO BTX. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO (BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE, BTX IS COMMON IN THE CHINESE WORKPLACE. CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BENZENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES SUCH AS ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML), BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE STILL UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES CHANGES IN POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL)ATION AND DNA METHYLATION IN SUBJECTS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO A BTX. BLOOD DNA SAMPLES AND EXPOSURE DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EXPOSURE, INCLUDING 132 DECORATORS, 129 PAINTERS, AND 130 UNEXPOSED REFERENTS IN A CONTAINER-MANUFACTURING FACTORY IN SHENZHEN, CHINA. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED PERSONAL MONITORING OF AIRBORNE BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE. HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WERE MEASURED AND THE CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS (CBMN) ASSAY WAS USED TO DETECT DNA DAMAGE IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES. QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO DETECT THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE 1 (PARP1) AND POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) GLYCOHYDROLASE (PARG), DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B, METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN 2(MBD2). PARP1 ASSAY WAS USED TO MEASURE PARP ACTIVITY. AIRBORNE LEVELS OF BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE IN THE TWO EXPOSED GROUPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE OF CONTROLS (P<0.001). THE TWO EXPOSED GROUPS (DECORATORS, PAINTERS) SHOWED DECREASED PARP1, DNMTS AND MBD2 EXPRESSION RELATIVE TO CONTROLS (P<0.05), AND PARP ACTIVITY WAS ALSO DECREASED (P<0.05). DECREASED PARP1, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B AND MBD2 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS CORRELATED WITH INCREASED AIRBORNE BTX (PEARSON'S R: -0.587, -0.314, -0.636, -0.567 AND -0.592 RESPECTIVELY, P<0.001). NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CBMN WERE FOUND AMONG THE THREE GROUPS. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DECREASED DNMTS, MBD2 AND PARP1 MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH BTX EXPOSURE, AND THE IMBALANCE OF PARP/PARG MIGHT PARTICIPATE IN THE DOWN-REGULATION OF DNMTS. THIS IS THE FIRST HUMAN STUDY TO LINK ALTERED POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL)ATION PATTERNS, WHICH REPRODUCE THE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC PATTERNS FOUND IN BENZENE-TREATED CELLS, TO CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BTX.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  6477  36 TOLUENE IMPAIRS LEARNING AND MEMORY, HAS ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS, AND MODIFIES HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF ADOLESCENT AND ADULT RATS. TOLUENE MISUSE USUALLY INITIATES AT AN EARLY AGE WHEN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS STILL IMMATURE, CAUSING DELETERIOUS EFFECTS SUCH AS COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO EXPLAIN LONG-TERM CHANGES INVOLVED NOT ONLY IN MEMORY, BUT ALSO IN TOLUENE'S ACTIONS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOLUENE EXPOSURE ON LEARNING, MEMORY AND HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS DURING TWO STAGES OF LIFE: ADOLESCENCE AND YOUNG ADULTHOOD. BECAUSE THE MEMORY TESTS USED IN THIS WORK INVOLVED OBJECT EXPLORATION AND THE PERCEPTION OF A NOXIOUS STIMULUS, GENERAL ACTIVITY AND NOCICEPTION TESTS WERE ALSO CONDUCTED. ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOLUENE INHALATION IMPAIRED LEARNING, SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM MEMORY IN AN OBJECT-RECOGNITION TEST AND IN AN INHIBITORY AVOIDANCE TASK IN BOTH GROUPS OF AGE. THIS EFFECT WAS CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT AND OCCURRED EVEN AT LOW TOLUENE CONCENTRATIONS (1000, 2000 PPM) THAT WERE OTHERWISE NON-EFFECTIVE. ACUTE TOLUENE INHALATION PRODUCED ANTINOCICEPTION, AND TOLERANCE TO THIS EFFECT DEVELOPED AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE. HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE DENTATE GYRUS SHOWED DIFFERENCES DEPENDING ON THE HISTONE, TREATMENT AND AGE: A SINGLE TOLUENE EXPOSURE INCREASED H4 ACETYLATION IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULT RATS, WHEREAS CHRONIC EXPOSURE DECREASED H3 ACETYLATION, BUT ONLY IN ADULTS. IN CONCLUSION, THIS WORK PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF TOLUENE-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT ON LEARNING, SHORT- AND LONG-TERM MEMORY IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT RATS, AND SHOWS THAT EVEN A SINGLE TOLUENE EXPOSURE CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  1264  33 CYP2E1 EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CHRONIC, LOW-LEVEL TOLUENE EXPOSURE: RELATIONSHIP WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SMOKING HABIT. BACKGROUND: CYP2E1 IS A VERSATILE PHASE I DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MOST VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING TOLUENE. HUMAN TOLUENE EXPOSURE INCREASES CYP2E1 MRNA AND MODIFIES ITS ACTIVITY IN LEUCOCYTES; HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF THIS INTERACTION HAVE NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED. GOAL: TO DETERMINE PROMOTER METHYLATION OF CYP2E1 AND OTHER GENES KNOWN TO BE AFFECTED BY TOLUENE EXPOSURE. METHODS: WE OBTAINED VENOUS BLOOD FROM 24 TANNERY WORKERS EXPOSED TO TOLUENE (MEAN LEVELS: 10.86+/-7MG/M(3)) AND 24 ADMINISTRATIVE WORKERS (REFERENCE GROUP, MEAN LEVELS 0.21+/-0.02MG/M(3)) ALL OF THEM FROM THE CITY OF LEON, GUANAJUATO, MEXICO. AFTER DNA EXTRACTION AND BISULFITE TREATMENT, WE PERFORMED PCR-PYROSEQUENCING IN ORDER TO MEASURE METHYLATION LEVELS AT PROMOTER REGION OF 13 GENES. RESULTS: IN EXPOSED GROUP WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TOLUENE AIRBORNE LEVELS AND CYP2E1 PROMOTER METHYLATION (R=-.36, P<0.05), AS WELL AS FOR IL6 PROMOTER METHYLATION LEVELS (R=.44, P<0.05). MOREOVER, CYP2E1 PROMOTER METHYLATION LEVELS WHERE HIGHER IN TOLUENE-EXPOSED SMOKERS COMPARED TO NONSMOKERS (P=0.009). WE ALSO OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS FOR CYP2E1 PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH GSTP1 AND SOD1 PROMOTER METHYLATION LEVELS (R=-.37, P<0.05 AND R=-.34, P<0.05 RESPECTIVELY). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING CYP2E1 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AS WELL AS ITS INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER GENES, AS KEY FACTORS FOR UNRAVELING THE SUB CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY EXERTED BY OXIDATIVE STRESS, WHICH CAN INITIATE DISEASE PROCESS IN CHRONIC, LOW-LEVEL TOLUENE EXPOSURE. PEOPLE CO-EXPOSED TO TOLUENE AND TOBACCO SMOKE ARE IN HIGHER RISK DUE TO A POSSIBLE CYP2E1 REPRESSION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  5444  44 REPEATED TOLUENE EXPOSURE MODIFIES THE ACETYLATION PATTERN OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 IN THE RAT BRAIN. TOLUENE IS A VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENT WITH ADDICTIVE POTENTIAL THAT EXHIBITS SIMILARITIES IN ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND MODES OF ACTION TO OTHER ADDICTIVE DRUGS. DESPITE ITS WIDESPREAD ABUSE, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS DRIVING THE RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION OF THE ORGANISM TO THIS DRUG ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. IN RECENT YEARS, DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT MODULATE GENE EXPRESSION HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED TO COCAINE, AMPHETAMINE AND ALCOHOL MISUSE-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN NEURONAL FUNCTION. FOR EXAMPLE, IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT DRUG CONSUMPTION INDUCES VARIATIONS IN HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS IN BRAIN REWARD REGIONS AND THESE PLAY A RELEVANT ROLE ON THE ABUSE-ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY. IN ORDER TO DECIPHER WHETHER REPEATED TOLUENE EXPOSURE COULD MEDIATE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE RAT BRAIN, WE HERE ANALYZED THE ACETYLATION PATTERN OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 IN THREE BRAIN AREAS THAT HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE REWARD PATHWAYS: THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) AND THE CENTRAL AMYGDALA (CEA). USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF BRAIN SECTIONS WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES THAT RECOGNIZE THE ACETYLATED FORMS OF HISTONES H3 AND H4, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC TOLUENE INHALATION DIFFERENTIALLY MODIFIES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION IN THE NAC AND THE VTA WHILE NO EFFECT IS OBSERVED IN THE CEA. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE ACTIVITY OF CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYMES SUCH AS HISTONE DE-ACETYLASES (HDACS) IN CERTAIN BRAIN AREAS ARE RESPONSIVE TO TOLUENE INHALATION AND MIGHT BE CRUCIAL MEDIATORS IN THE ADDICTIVE RESPONSE TO TOLUENE.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6  3441  32 HYPERMETHYLATION IN GENE PROMOTERS ARE INDUCED BY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BENZENE, TOLUENE, ETHYLBENZENE AND XYLENES. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: GAS STATION ATTENDANTS ARE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO BENZENE, TOLUENE, ETHYLBENZENE AND XYLENE (BTEX) COMPOUNDS AND THUS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THIS MIXTURE PRESENT IN GASOLINE, ESPECIALLY DUE TO THE CARCINOGENICITY OF BENZENE. FURTHERMORE, THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF BTEX EXPOSURE MAY BE POTENTIATED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF CRITICAL GENES. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE SUCH GENE-BTEX INTERACTIONS ACCESSING THE PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS OF P14ARF, P16INK4A AND GSTP1 IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTE SAMPLES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE 59 EXPOSED AND 68 UNEXPOSED PARTICIPANTS FROM RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, WERE INCLUDED. THE PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS WAS ACCESSED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR (MSP) AND GSTP1 ILE105VAL POLYMORPHISM WAS INVESTIGATED BY PCR-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (PCR-RFLP) TECHNIQUE. RESULTS: BOTH P14ARF AND P16INK4A WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN EXPOSED SUBJECTS COMPARED TO UNEXPOSED (P = 0.004 AND P<0.001, RESPECTIVELY). ADDITIONALLY, P16INK4A HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE EXPOSED GROUP WAS CORRELATED WITH CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES (CAS) (P = 0.018), THUS HIGHLIGHTING THE INFLUENCE OF THE GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS ON GENOME INSTABILITY. NOTEWORTHY, P16INK4A METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH MISCARRIAGE AMONG FEMALE ATTENDANTS (P = 0.047), IN WHICH THOSE WHO REPORTED MISCARRIAGE EXHIBITED HYPERMETHYLATION IN AT LEAST 2 OF THE 3 GENES ANALYZED. THE GSTP1 HETEROZYGOTE GENOTYPE, WHICH COULD AFFECT THE METABOLISM OF BENZENE DETOXIFICATION, WAS FOUND IN BOTH GROUPS BUT WAS MORE FREQUENT IN THOSE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED. NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN GSTP1 GENOTYPES AND METHYLATION STATUS. CONCLUSION: TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT GAS STATION ATTENDANTS WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC PROFILES MAY BE AT GREATER RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL BTEX EXPOSURE-INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY, WHICH COULD REQUIRE CONCERTED EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH MORE PREVENTIVE ACTIONS AND CONSTANT BIOMONITORING IN GAS STATION ATTENDANTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7   143  22 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OF TWO TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, P14(ARF) AND P15(INK4B), AFTER CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LOW LEVEL OF BENZENE. BACKGROUND: EXPOSURE TO BENZENE WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY DISEASES INCLUDING LEUKEMIA. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SEEM TO BE AMONG THE MAIN MECHANISMS INVOLVED. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE IF CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LOW LEVEL OF BENZENE WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND PROMOTER-SPECIFIC METHYLATION OF THE TWO TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, P14(ARF) AND P15(INK4B), WERE ASSESSED EMPLOYING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR USING THE DNA EXTRACTED FROM 40 PETROCHEMICAL WORKERS EXPOSED TO AMBIENT BENZENE LEVELS OF <1 PPM, AND 31 OFFICE WORKERS NOT EXPOSED TO BENZENE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. RESULTS: WHILE AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF 5% IN P14(ARF) (P=0.501) AND 28% IN P15(INK4B) (P=0.02) GENES WAS OBSERVED IN THE EXPOSED GROUP, NO HYPERMETHYLATION IN EITHER OF THE STUDIED GENES WAS OBSERVED IN THE UNEXPOSED GROUP. NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN THE FREQUENCY OF ABERRANT METHYLATION AND EITHER OF AGE, WORK EXPERIENCE, AND SMOKING HABIT IN THE EXPOSED GROUP. CONCLUSION: CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LOWER THAN THE PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OF BENZENE MAY STILL RESULT IN DNA METHYLATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES THAT MAY ULTIMATELY LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  1916  31 ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS AND TELOMERE LENGTH IN HUMAN STUDIES. TELOMERES ARE COMPLEXES OF TANDEM REPEATS OF DNA (5'-TTAGGG-3') AND PROTEIN THAT CAP EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES AND PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN CHROMOSOME STABILITY. TELOMERES SHORTEN WITH AGING AND THIS PROCESS CAN BE ACCELERATED BY INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND EPISODES OF INFLAMMATION. EVIDENCE IS RAPIDLY GROWING THAT TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) MAY BE AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS THAT HAVE FREQUENTLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DISEASES. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE REVIEW THE PUBLISHED DATA ON TL IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO SEVERAL CHEMICALS BASED ON OUR OWN AND OTHERS' STUDIES. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER TL INCLUDE TRAFFIC-RELATED AIR POLLUTION (IE, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM), BLACK CARBON (BC), AND BENZENE AND TOLUENE), POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS), N-NITROSAMINES, PESTICIDES, LEAD, EXPOSURE IN CAR MECHANICAL WORKSHOPS, AND HAZARDOUS WASTE EXPOSURE. ARSENIC, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS) AND SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO PM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONGER TL. WE DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS, INCLUDING TIME- AND DOSE-RELATED ISSUES, STUDY DESIGN, AND POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN TELOMERE REGULATION. WE ALSO DISCUSS THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR TL-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH, SUCH AS INVESTIGATION OF TL IN SUBPOPULATIONS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES, AND THE STUDY OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT MAY REGULATE TELOMERE INTEGRITY USING LONGITUDINAL DESIGNS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  4930  39 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ACQUISITION OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND AFFECTS BDNF DNA METHYLATION IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REFLECTS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE MAY AFFECT RODENT OFFSPRING VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MALE GERM LINE. WHILE SUCH EXPOSURE ALTERS ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE OFFSPRING, NO STUDIES EXAMINED IF IT IMPACTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. WE EXPOSED MALE (SIRES) WISTAR RATS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL IN VAPOUR CHAMBERS (16 H/DAY; 5 DAYS/WEEK) OR TO AIR FOR 6 WEEKS. EIGHT WEEKS LATER, RATS WERE MATED WITH ALCOHOL-NAIVE FEMALES. ADULT ALCOHOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED F1 OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED IN ACQUISITION OF ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH INCREASING ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS (2.5%, 5% AND 10%, V/V) WERE DELIVERED AFTER ONE LEVER PRESS (FIXED RATIO 1 OR FR1). PRIOR TO ALCOHOL SESSIONS, RATS WERE TRAINED TO LEVER PRESS FOR FOOD DELIVERY UNDER AN FR1 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE WERE MEASURED IN SPERM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) IN SIRES AND IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES HAD LOWER BDNF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN NAC AND GREATER METHYLATION LEVELS IN MPFC. ALTHOUGH THIS PATTERN WAS NOT RECAPITULATED IN OFFSPRING, ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES DID SHOW ABERRANT BDNF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING SELF-ADMINISTERED LESS ALCOHOL (5% AND 10%) WITH NO GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FOOD RESPONDING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION PROTECTS AGAINST ALCOHOL'S INITIAL REINFORCING EFFECTS BUT THE PATTERN OF DYSREGULATED BDNF METHYLATION IN REWARD-RELATED CIRCUITRY DID NOT MIMIC CHANGES SEEN IN SIRES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  3331  28 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  5683  26 SHORTER TELOMERE LENGTH IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. SHORTER TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES (PBLS) IS PREDICTIVE OF LUNG CANCER RISK. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) ARE ESTABLISHED LUNG CARCINOGENS THAT CAUSE CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY. WHETHER PAH EXPOSURE AND ITS MOLECULAR EFFECTS ARE LINKED WITH SHORTER TL HAS NEVER BEEN EVALUATED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PAHS ON TL MEASURED IN PBLS OF POLISH MALE NON-CURRENT SMOKING COKEOVEN WORKERS AND MATCHED CONTROLS. PAH EXPOSURE AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS WERE CHARACTERIZED USING MEASURES OF INTERNAL DOSE (URINARY 1-PYRENOL), EFFECTIVE DOSE [ANTI-BENZO[A]PYRENE DIOLEPOXIDE (ANTI-BPDE)-DNA ADDUCT], GENETIC INSTABILITY (MICRONUCLEI, MN) AND DNA METHYLATION [P53 PROMOTER AND ALU AND LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) REPETITIVE ELEMENTS, AS SURROGATE MEASURES OF GLOBAL METHYLATION] IN PBLS. TL WAS MEASURED BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. COKEOVEN WORKERS WERE HEAVILY EXPOSED TO PAHS (79% EXCEEDED THE URINARY 1-PYRENOL BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX) AND EXHIBITED LOWER TL (P = 0.038) THAN CONTROLS, AS WELL AS HIGHER LEVELS OF GENETIC AND CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATIONS [I.E. ANTI-BPDE-DNA ADDUCT AND MN (P < 0.0001)] AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES [I.E. P53 GENE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER AND GLOBAL METHYLATION (P <OR= 0.001)]. TL DECREASED WITH LONGER DURATION OF WORK AS COKEOVEN WORKER (P = 0.039) AND IN ALL SUBJECTS WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF ANTI-BPDE-DNA ADDUCT (P = 0.042), P53 HYPOMETHYLATION (P = 0.005) AND MN (P = 0.009). IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS, YEARS OF WORK IN COKERY (P = 0.008) AND P53 HYPOMETHYLATION (P = 0.001) WERE THE PRINCIPAL DETERMINANTS OF SHORTER TL. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT SHORTER TL IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAH EXPOSURE. THE INTERRELATIONS WITH OTHER GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT SHORTER TL COULD BE A CENTRAL EVENT IN PAH CARCINOGENESIS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12   219  26 ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOLLOWING CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING REDUCES FEAR MEMORY: TIMING IS ESSENTIAL. BACKGROUND: HISTONE ACETYLATION IS REGULATED IN RESPONSE TO STRESS AND PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN LEARNING AND MEMORY. CHRONIC STRESS IS KNOWN TO DETERIORATE COGNITION, WHEREAS ACUTE STRESS FACILITATES MEMORY FORMATION. HOWEVER, WHETHER ACUTE STRESS FACILITATES MEMORY FORMATION WHEN IT IS APPLIED AFTER FEAR STIMULATION IS NOT YET KNOWN. THEREFORE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ACUTE STRESS APPLIED AFTER FEAR TRAINING ON MEMORY FORMATION, MRNA EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION, AND CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL IN MICE IN VIVO. METHODS: MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOR 30 MIN AT 60 OR 90 MIN AFTER CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING, AND ACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 14 (H3K14) AND LEVEL OF CORTICOSTERONE WERE MEASURED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA), RESPECTIVELY. A FREEZING BEHAVIOR TEST WAS PERFORMED 24 H AFTER TRAINING, AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF BDNF WAS MEASURED USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS. DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MICE WERE USED FOR EACH TEST. RESULTS: FREEZING BEHAVIOR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED WITH THE DOWN-REGULATION OF BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION CAUSED BY ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 60 MIN AFTER FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING OWING TO THE REDUCTION OF H3K14 ACETYLATION. HOWEVER, BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION AND H3K14 ACETYLATION WERE NOT REDUCED IN ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 90 MIN AFTER THE TRAINING. FURTHER, THE CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH IN MICE SUBJECTED TO IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 60 MIN AFTER THE TRAINING. CONCLUSION: ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOR 30 MIN AT 60 MIN AFTER FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING IMPAIRED MEMORY FORMATION AND REDUCED BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION AND H3K14 ACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF MICE OWING TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF CORTICOSTERONE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  2750  30 EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE GENE AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND ITS PROMOTER IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE STRUCTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ADDICTION. WE STUDIED WHETHER MORPHINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN MRNA LEVELS OF THE CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS ENZYME, TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE (TH), ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND THE PROMOTER OF THIS GENE IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) OF RATS. METHODS: DEPENDENCE WAS INDUCED IN RATS BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF MORPHINE FOR 11 DAYS. THE ANIMALS WERE KILLED 2 H (CHRONIC MORPHINE), 24 H AND 7 DAYS (SPONTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL) AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF OUR REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR RESULTS BY 1-WAY ANOVA SHOWED SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION (5.13 +/- 0.39 FOLDS) OF LC LEVELS OF THE TH TRANSCRIPT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE TO RATS, WHEN COMPARED WITH 2 H AND 7 DAYS TIME POINTS. CHRONIC MORPHINE AND MORPHINE ABSTINENCE FAILED TO CAUSE ANY SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF TH MRNA IN THE VTA AFTER CESSATION OF MORPHINE. CONSISTENTLY, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR ASSAYS REVEALED THAT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE, LEVELS OF H3 ACETYLATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED (4.12 +/- 0.38 FOLDS) AT THE PROMOTER OF THE TH GENE IN THE LC BUT NOT IN THE VTA. OUR DATA ALSO SHOWED THAT HISTONE H3 TRIMETHYLATION FAILED TO CHANGE AROUND THE TH GENE PROMOTER EITHER IN THE VTA OR IN THE LC AFTER MORPHINE ABSTINENCE. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, DEMONSTRATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF TH GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LC OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14  1818  28 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE EXPOSURE ON REWARDING BEHAVIOR AND NEURODEGENERATION MARKERS IN ADULT MICE. RECREATIONAL AND MEDICAL USE OF STIMULANTS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS HAVE GAINED POPULARITY IN THE UNITED STATES OVER THE LAST DECADE AND THEIR USE MAY INCREASE VULNERABILITY TO BRAIN BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS. THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STIMULANT EXPOSURE IN LATER ADULTHOOD HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED.OUR STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO METHAMPHETAMINE (METH), AT A DOSE DESIGNED TO EMULATE HUMAN THERAPEUTIC DOSING FOR ADHD, WOULD PROMOTE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS AND AFFECT SENSITIVITY TO THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF SUBSEQUENT METH DOSING.GROUPS OF 3.5-MONTH-OLD MALE AND FEMALE C57BL/6J MICE WERE ADMINISTERED NON-CONTINGENT INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF EITHER SALINE OR METH (1.4 MG/KG) TWICE A DAY FOR 1 MONTH (5 DAYS/WEEK). METH (0.5 MG/KG)-INDUCED CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE (CPP) WAS TESTED IN MICE TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS METH EXPOSURE ON REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIOR. MICE WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO EXPERIMENT I (MALES AND FEMALES) OR EXPERIMENT II (FEMALES ONLY) IN WHICH CPP TESTING WAS RESPECTIVELY PERFORMED EITHER 0.5 OR 5 MONTHS AFTER THE END OF METH INJECTIONS, AT ~5 OR 10 MONTHS OLD RESPECTIVELY. THE MIDBRAIN AND STRIATUM, REGIONS INVOLVED IN REWARD CIRCUIT, WERE ASSESSED FOR MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROTOXICITY, DOPAMINERGIC FUNCTION, NEUROINFLAMMATION AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AFTER BEHAVIORAL TESTING.PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC METH DID NOT HAVE SIGNIFICANT SHORT-TERM EFFECTS ON CPP RESPONSE BUT LED TO A DECREASED CPP RESPONSE IN 10-MONTH-OLD FEMALES. PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO METH INDUCED SOME SHORT-TERM CHANGES TO BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS MEASURED IN A BRAIN REGION AND SEX-DEPENDENT MANNER, WHILE LONG-TERM CHANGES WERE ONLY OBSERVED WITH GFAP AND KDM5C.IN CONCLUSION, OUR DATA SUGGEST SEX- AND POST-EXPOSURE DURATION-DEPENDENT OUTCOMES AND WARRANT FURTHER EXPLORATION OF THE LONG-TERM NEUROBEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES OF PSYCHOSTIMULANT USE IN BOTH SEXES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  3177  32 H3K9ME2 REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX IS INVOLVED IN THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE INDUCED BY MATERNAL SEPARATION IN MALE RATS. BACKGROUND: EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) INDUCES A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE AND INCREASES THE RISK OF DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN CONFIRMED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH ELS ALTERS THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF AND CHANGES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CLARIFIED. METHODS: THE PRESENT STUDY USED MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) AND CHRONIC UNPREDICTED MILD STRESS (CUMS) TO ESTABLISH AN MS ANIMAL MODEL AND A DEPRESSIVE ANIMAL MODEL. WE ASSESSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS, INCLUDING ANHEDONIA, LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, AND SPATIAL MEMORY, USING THE SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, THE OPEN FIELD TEST, THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST, AND THE MORRIS WATER MAZE TEST. WE ALSO INVESTIGATED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WESTERN BLOTTING, AND QPCR ANALYSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE USED UNC0642, A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE (G9A), AS AN INTERVENTION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS IN RATS AND RESULTED IN INCREASED H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION AND DECREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. MORE IMPORTANTLY, ADULT MS RATS EXPERIENCING CUMS HAD MORE SEVERE DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS, HAD HIGHER EXPRESSION OF H3K9ME2 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC, AND HAD LOWER EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. IN ADDITION, ADMINISTRATION OF THE G9A INHIBITOR REVERSED MOST OF THE CHANGES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT ELS CHANGED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE RAT BRAIN, RESULTING IN A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16  6898  20 [THE ADVANCE OF MODEL OF ACTION IN LOW-DOSE CHRONIC BENZENE EXPOSURE INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY]. BENZENE IS CLASSIFIED AS GROUP 1 CARCINOGEN BY IARC. IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT BENZENE INDUCES HEMATOTOXICITY EVEN IN LOW DOSE EXPOSURE. THE IDENTIFICATION OF KEY EVENTS DURING BENZENE INDUCED HEMATOTOXICTY LEADS TO ADJUSTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS OF BENZENE. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE EXPOSURE, METABOLISM, TARGET ORGANS, KEY EPIGENETIC CHANGES, TOXICTY EFFECTS AND END POINTS OF LOW-DOSE CHRONIC BENZENE EXPOSURE INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY AND FINALLY DISCUSS THE PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE STUDY OF THIS AREA.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  5485  34 REVERSAL OF COCAINE-CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE THROUGH METHYL SUPPLEMENTATION IN MICE: ALTERING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL METHYLATION IN CELLS HAS REVEALED CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OVERALL DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND SOME BIOLOGICAL STATES. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH DNA METHYLATION COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR NEUROADAPTATIONS INDUCED BY ADDICTIVE DRUGS. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO INVESTIGATION TO DETERMINE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS FOLLOWING REPEATED EXPOSURE TO ADDICTIVE DRUGS. USING MICE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE (CPP) PROCEDURE, WE MEASURED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG REWARDING EFFECTS. WE FOUND THAT COCAINE-, BUT NOT MORPHINE- OR FOOD-CPP TRAINING DECREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE PFC. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH METHIONINE, A METHYL DONOR, FOR 25 CONSECUTIVE DAYS PRIOR TO AND DURING CPP TRAINING INHIBITED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COCAINE, BUT NOT MORPHINE OR FOOD CPP. WE ALSO FOUND THAT BOTH MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL OF DNMT (DNA METHYTRANSFERASE) 3B IN THE PFC WERE DOWNREGULATED FOLLOWING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COCAINE CPP, AND THE DOWNREGULATION COULD BE REVERSED BY REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF METHIONINE. OUR STUDY INDICATES A CRUCIAL ROLE OF GLOBAL PFC DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IN THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF COCAINE. REVERSAL OF GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION COULD SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATE THE REWARDING EFFECTS INDUCED BY COCAINE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHIONINE MAY HAVE BECOME A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET TO TREAT COCAINE ADDICTION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
18   974  27 CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ENDURED BY TOBACCO FARMERS FROM BRAZIL AND ASSOCIATION WITH DNA DAMAGE. TOBACCO FARMING IS AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC INCOME IN BRAZIL, ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN CHALLENGED AS REGARD THE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BOTH PESTICIDES AND NICOTINE ENDURED BY FARMERS. CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO COMPLEX MIXTURES CAN LEAD TO HEALTH HAZARDOUS. WE EXAMINED GENOMIC INSTABILITY AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN TOBACCO FARMERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO PESTICIDE MIXTURES AND NICOTINE AT TOBACCO FIELDS. DNA DAMAGE WAS ASSESSED BY ALKALINE COMET ASSAY IN BLOOD CELLS. GENOMIC DNA WAS ISOLATED, AND TELOMERE LENGTH WAS MEASURED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY. WE MEASURED 5-METHYL-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE, A MARKER OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, AND P16 PROMOTER METHYLATION. THE OXIDATIVE PROFILE WAS EVALUATED BY TROLOX EQUIVALENT ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND LIPID PEROXIDATION (THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES) IN SERUM. EXPOSURE PARAMETERS, PLASMA COTININE AND INORGANIC ELEMENT LEVELS, WERE ALSO MEASURED. DNA DAMAGE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED FOR FARMERS IN RELATION TO UNEXPOSED GROUP (P < 0.001; MANN-WHITNEY TEST) AND POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH YEARS OF EXPOSURE. INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA DAMAGE AND TOTAL EQUIVALENT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY WAS DEMONSTRATED FOR EXPOSED AND UNEXPOSED GROUPS. EXPOSED GROUP SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER TELOMERES (P < 0.001; UNPAIRED T-TEST) AND DNA HYPOMETHYLATION (P < 0.001; UNPAIRED T-TEST), AS WELL AS P16 HYPERMETHYLATION (P = 0.003; MANN-WHITNEY TEST). LIPID PEROXIDATION WAS INCREASED FOR EXPOSED GROUP IN RELATION TO UNEXPOSED ONE (P = 0.02; MANN-WHITNEY TEST) AND PRESENTED A POSITIVE CORRELATION WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION (P = 0.0264). FARMERS HAVE INCREASED PLASMA COTININE LEVELS (P < 0.001) AND INORGANIC ELEMENTS (PHOSPHORUS, SULPHUR AND CHLORINE) IN RELATION TO UNEXPOSED GROUP. ELEVATED OXIDATIVE STRESS LEVELS DUE TO CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL PESTICIDE MIXTURES AND NICOTINE EXPOSURE IN TOBACCO FARMERS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER DNA DAMAGE, SHORTER TELOMERES AND ALTERED DNA METHYLATION. TELOMERE-ACCELERATED ATTRITION DUE TO EXPOSURE MAY BE POTENTIAL INTERMEDIATE STEP BEFORE A DISEASE STATE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  4218  39 METHYL SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES COCAINE-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AND COCAINE-INDUCED C-FOS ACTIVATION IN A DNA METHYLATION-DEPENDENT MANNER. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, REGULATE RESPONSIVENESS TO DRUGS OF ABUSE, SUCH AS COCAINE, BUT RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE REGULATION OF ADDICTIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS BY DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE INFLUENCE OF DNA METHYLATION ON THE LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVATING EFFECTS OF COCAINE AND ON DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR, RATS RECEIVING METHYL SUPPLEMENTATION VIA CHRONIC L-METHIONINE (MET) UNDERWENT EITHER A SENSITIZATION REGIMEN OF INTERMITTENT COCAINE INJECTIONS OR INTRAVENOUS SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF COCAINE, FOLLOWED BY CUE-INDUCED AND DRUG-PRIMED REINSTATEMENT. MET BLOCKED SENSITIZATION TO THE LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVATING EFFECTS OF COCAINE AND ATTENUATED DRUG-PRIMED REINSTATEMENT, WITH NO EFFECT ON CUE-INDUCED REINSTATEMENT OR SUCROSE SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND REINSTATEMENT. FURTHERMORE, UPREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A AND 3B AND GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION WERE OBSERVED IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE (NAC), BUT NOT IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), OF COCAINE-PRETREATED RATS. GLUTAMATERGIC PROJECTIONS FROM THE MPFC TO THE NAC ARE CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF COCAINE-PRIMED REINSTATEMENT, AND ACTIVATION OF BOTH BRAIN REGIONS IS SEEN IN HUMAN ADDICTS WHEN REEXPOSED TO THE DRUG. WHEN COMPARED WITH VEHICLE-PRETREATED RATS, THE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE C-FOS (A MARKER OF NEURONAL ACTIVATION) WAS UPREGULATED IN THE NAC AND MPFC OF COCAINE-PRETREATED RATS AFTER COCAINE-PRIMED REINSTATEMENT, AND CHRONIC MET TREATMENT BLOCKED ITS INDUCTION IN BOTH REGIONS. COCAINE-INDUCED C-FOS EXPRESSION IN THE NAC WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED METHYLATION AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN THE C-FOS GENE PROMOTER, EFFECTS REVERSED BY MET TREATMENT. OVERALL, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIORS ARE, IN PART, ATTRIBUTABLE TO A DNA METHYLATION-DEPENDENT PROCESS, LIKELY OCCURRING AT SPECIFIC GENE LOCI (E.G., C-FOS) IN THE REWARD PATHWAY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20  1848  42 EFFECTS OF VENLAFAXINE ON THE EXPRESSION LEVEL AND METHYLATION STATUS OF GENES INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS EXPOSED TO A CHRONIC MILD STRESS. RECENT HUMAN AND ANIMAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE AETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DEPRESSION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEROTONIN-NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR, VENLAFAXINE, ON THE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4, CAT, NOS1 AND NOS2 IN THE BRAIN AND BLOOD OF RATS EXPOSED TO A CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) MODEL OF DEPRESSION. SEPARATE GROUPS OF ANIMALS WERE EXPOSED TO CMS FOR 2 OR 7 WEEKS; THE SECOND GROUP RECEIVED SALINE OR VENLAFAXINE (10 MG/KG/D, IP) FOR 5 WEEKS. AFTER COMPLETION OF BOTH STRESS CONDITIONS AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF SELECTED GENES AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THEIR PROMOTERS WERE MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS (PBMCS) AND IN BRAIN STRUCTURES (HIPPOCAMPUS, AMYGDALA, HYPOTHALAMUS, MIDBRAIN, CORTEX, BASAL GANGLIA) WITH THE USE OF TAQMAN GENE EXPRESSION ASSAY, WESTERN BLOT AND METHYLATION-SENSITIVE HIGH-RESOLUTION MELTING TECHNIQUES. CMS CAUSED A DECREASE IN SUCROSE CONSUMPTION, AND THIS EFFECT WAS NORMALIZED BY FLUOXETINE. IN PBMCS, SOD1, SOD2 AND NOS2 MRNA EXPRESSION CHANGED ONLY AFTER VENLAFAXINE ADMINISTRATION. IN BRAIN, CAT, GPX1, GPX4 AND NOS1 GENE EXPRESSION CHANGED FOLLOWING CMS OR VENLAFAXINE EXPOSURE, MOST PROMINENTLY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, MIDBRAIN AND BASAL GANGLIA. CMS INCREASED THE METHYLATION OF THE GPX1 PROMOTER IN PBMCS, THE SECOND GPX4 PROMOTER IN MIDBRAIN AND BASAL GANGLIA, AND SOD1 AND SOD2 IN HIPPOCAMPUS. THE CMS ANIMALS TREATED WITH VENLAFAXINE DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER CAT LEVEL IN MIDBRAIN AND CEREBRAL CORTEX. CMS CAUSED AN ELEVATION OF GPX4 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, WHICH WAS LOWERED IN CEREBRAL CORTEX BY VENLAFAXINE. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CMS AND VENLAFAXINE ADMINISTRATION AFFECT THE METHYLATION OF PROMOTERS OF GENES INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS. THEY ALSO INDICATE THAT PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TISSUE DIFFER IN THEIR RESPONSE TO STRESS OR ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENTS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THAT APART FROM DNA METHYLATION, A CRUCIAL ROLE OF EXPRESSION LEVEL OF GENES MAY BE PLAYED BY OTHER FORMS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION, SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATION OR MICRORNA INTERFERENCE. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE STRONG EVIDENCE FOR THESIS THAT ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION AS WELL AS THE STATUS OF PROMOTER METHYLATION CAN HELP IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISMS OF MENTAL DISEASES, INCLUDING DEPRESSION, AND THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DRUGS EFFECTIVE IN THEIR THERAPY.	2020