1  1087 146 COCAINE ALTERS THE MOUSE TESTICULAR EPIGENOME WITH DIRECT IMPACT ON HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION MARKS. RESEARCH QUESTION: RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT COCAINE ADMINISTRATION IN ANIMAL MODELS CAN TRIGGER NON-GENETIC INHERITANCE OF ADDICTION TRAITS FROM FATHER TO OFFSPRING, AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR. IS CHRONIC COCAINE INTAKE INVOLVED IN ALTERATIONS OF EPIGENETIC HOMEOSTASIS IN THE TESTIS? DESIGN: EPIGENETIC MARKS AND MEDIATORS IN TESTIS AND ISOLATED GERM CELLS OF ADULT MICE TREATED WITH COCAINE (10 MG/KG) OR VEHICLE (STERILE SALINE SOLUTION) WERE EVALUATED IN AN INTERMITTENT BINGE PROTOCOL: THREE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS, 1 H APART, ONE DAY ON/OFF FOR 13 DAYS, COLLECTING TISSUE 24 H AFTER THE LAST BINGE ADMINISTRATION (DAY 14). RESULTS: IT WAS SHOWN THAT CHRONIC COCAINE INTAKE IN MICE DISRUPTS TESTICULAR EPIGENETIC HOMEOSTASIS, INCREASING GLOBAL METHYLATED CYTOSINE LEVELS IN DNA FROM GERM CELLS AND SPERM. COCAINE ALSO INCREASED TESTICULAR AND GERM CELL ACETYLATED HISTONE 3 AND 4 AND DECREASED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES HDAC1/2. IMMUNOLOCALIZATION STUDIES SHOWED THAT HDAC1/2 AND ACETYLATED HISTONE 3 AND 4 PROTEINS LOCALIZE TO MEIOTIC GERM CELLS. ANALYSIS OF MRNA EXPRESSION IN ISOLATED GERM CELLS SHOWS DECREASED LEVELS OF HDAC1/2/8, DNMT3B AND TET1 AND INCREASED LEVELS OF DNMT3A GENE EXPRESSION AFTER COCAINE TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: COCAINE INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH TESTICULAR TOXICITY AND SIGNIFICANT REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT. THE RESULTS PRESENTED HERE BROADEN THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMPACT OF ADDICTIVE STIMULANTS ON TESTICULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, FERTILITY AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND IMPLY THAT ALTERED EPIGENETIC HOMEOSTASIS BY COCAINE MAY HAVE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES ON FUTURE GENERATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  5191  40 PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE PROGRAMS THE DECREASED TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS IN OFFSPRING RATS BY LOW LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS. PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE (PDE) CAN DECREASE MATERNAL ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOID LEVEL AND INDUCE TESTICULAR DYSPLASIA IN MALE OFFSPRING RATS. IN THIS STUDY WE INVESTIGATED LOW LEVEL ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOID-MEDIATED TESTICULAR DYSPLASIA IN PDE OFFSPRING AND ELUCIDATED THE INTRAUTERINE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING MECHANISMS. PREGNANT RATS WERE INJECTED WITH DEXAMETHASONE (0.2 MG.KG(-1).D(-1), SC) ON GESTATIONAL DAY (GD) 9-20. THE OFFSPRING RAT BLOOD AND TESTIS WERE COLLECTED AFTER EUTHANASIA ON GD20, POSTNATAL WEEK (PW) 12 OR PW28. WE SHOWED THAT PDE INDUCED ABNORMAL MORPHOLOGY OF TESTIS AND SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS-RELATED GENES AS WELL AS TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH. MEANWHILE, SERUM CORTICOSTERONE, THE EXPRESSION AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 14 ACETYLATION (H3K14AC) OF TESTICULAR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. AFTER THE PREGNANT RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC STRESS FOR 2 WEEKS (PW10-12), SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL WAS INCREASED IN THE ADULT PDE OFFSPRING, AND THE ABOVE-MENTIONED OTHER INDICATORS WERE ALSO IMPROVED. CULTURED LEYDIG CELLS (TM3) WERE TREATED WITH CORTICOSTERONE (62.5-500 NM) IN VITRO. WE SHOWED THAT CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENTLY INHIBITED GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ALPHA (GRALPHA) AND MIR-124-3P EXPRESSION, INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) EXPRESSION, AND DECREASED IGF1 H3K14AC LEVEL AND THE EXPRESSION OF IGF1/STEROIDOGENIC ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN (STAR), SUGGESTING THAT CORTICOSTERONE AT LOWER THAN PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL (<500 NM) INHIBITED TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS BY REDUCING H3K14AC AND THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF IGF1 THROUGH GRALPHA/MIR-124-3P/HDAC5 PATHWAY. IN CONCLUSION, PDE CAN CAUSE PERSISTENT INHIBITION OF TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH IN THE OFFSPRING RATS BY LOW LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  4804  29 OBESITY AND MALE INFERTILITY: MECHANISMS AND MANAGEMENT. OBESITY IS CONSIDERED A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM AFFECTING MORE THAN A THIRD OF THE POPULATION. COMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY INCLUDE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, MALIGNANCY (INCLUDING PROSTATIC CANCER), NEURODEGENERATION AND ACCELERATED AGEING. IN MALES, THESE FURTHER INCLUDE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, POOR SEMEN QUALITY AND SUBCLINICAL PROSTATITIS. ALTHOUGH POORLY UNDERSTOOD, IMPORTANT MEDIATORS OF OBESITY THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDE HYPERINSULINEMIA, HYPERLEPTINEMIA, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. OBESITY IS KNOWN TO DISRUPT MALE FERTILITY AND THE REPRODUCTION POTENTIAL, PARTICULARLY THROUGH ALTERATION IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS, DISRUPTION OF TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION, INCLUDING INSULIN, CYTOKINES AND ADIPOKINES. IMPORTANTLY, OBESITY AND ITS UNDERLYING MEDIATORS RESULT IN A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON SEMEN PARAMETERS, INCLUDING SPERM CONCENTRATION, MOTILITY, VIABILITY AND NORMAL MORPHOLOGY. MOREOVER, OBESITY INHIBITS CHROMATIN CONDENSATION, DNA FRAGMENTATION, INCREASES APOPTOSIS AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO THE OFFSPRING. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND FERTILITY, INCLUDING ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS. FURTHERMORE, WEIGHT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, LIFESTYLE CHANGES, PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION, AND COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY-INDUCED SUBFERTILITY IS DISCUSSED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4    86  33 A PATERNAL HYPERCALORIC DIET AFFECTS THE METABOLISM AND FERTILITY OF F1 AND F2 WISTAR RAT GENERATIONS. INCREASED FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE INTAKES BASED ON THE WESTERN DIET ARE IMPORTANT LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS THAT LEAD TO HYPERCALORIC INPUTS, OBESITY, AND MALE FERTILITY NEGATIVE EFFECTS. EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION MAY ALSO PREDISPOSE DESCENDED GENERATIONS TO CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, BEHAVIORAL, AND REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS. THE PRESENT STUDY SOUGHT TO EVALUATE THE INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-FAT-HIGH-SUGAR (HFHS) DIET SUPPLIED TO WISTAR RATS FROM 25 TO 90 DAYS OF LIFE ON REPRODUCTIVE AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN MALE GENERATIONS F0, F1, AND F2. THE STANDARD GROUP RECEIVED THE NORMOCALORIC - NUVILAB QUIMTIA(R) -3.86 KCAL/KG. THE HYPERCALORIC DIET (HD) GROUP RECEIVED THE HFHS DIET - PRAGSOLUCOES(R) -4.77 KCAL/KG. BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY, F1 AND F2 PREPUBERTAL AGE EVALUATIONS, ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST, INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST, ORGAN WEIGHTS, SPERM COUNT AND MORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENTS, AND HISTOMETRIC TESTICULAR ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED. THE HFHS DIET PROMOTED DYSLIPIDEMIA, HIGHER ADIPOSITY, LOWER RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS, AND HIGHER MEAN KIDNEY WEIGHT, DECREASED MEAN TESTICLE AND PARENCHYMA WEIGHTS AND LOWER HEIGHT OF SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM (HE) FOR THE F0 GENERATION. F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING OF HD GROUP DISPLAYED EARLY PREPREPUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT, ALTHOUGH DID NOT ALTER THE METABOLIC PARAMETERS. DECREASED HE AND TUBULAR TESTICULAR COMPARTMENT VOLUMETRIC DENSITY AND INCREASED INTERTUBULAR TESTICULAR COMPARTMENT VOLUMETRIC DENSITY AND VOLUME IN THE F1 GENERATION OF HD GROUP WERE OBSERVED. ALTERATIONS IN HISTOMETRY OF INTERTUBULAR TESTICULAR COMPARTMENT WERE ALSO NOTED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE HFHS EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ALTERED ONLY PATERNAL METABOLIC PARAMETERS. HOWEVER, REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF THE THREE GENERATIONS WERE AFFECTED.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  5970  16 TESTOSTERONE ACTS WITHIN THE MEDIAL AMYGDALA OF RATS TO REDUCE INNATE FEAR TO PREDATOR ODOR AKIN TO THE EFFECTS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION. RATS INFECTED WITH THE PROTOZOAN TOXOPLASMA GONDII EXHIBIT A REDUCED AVERSION TO CAT ODOR. THIS BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IS THOUGHT TO INCREASE TROPHIC TRANSMISSION OF THE PARASITE. INFECTED MALE RATS ALSO SHOW A GREATER TESTICULAR SYNTHESIS OF TESTOSTERONE AND EPIGENETIC CHANGE IN ARGININE VASOPRESSIN WITHIN THE MEDIAL AMYGDALA. HERE, WE SHOW THAT EXOGENOUS SUPPLY OF TESTOSTERONE WITHIN MEA OF UNINFECTED CASTRATES RECAPITULATES REDUCTION IN INNATE FEAR AKIN TO BEHAVIORAL CHANGE ATTRIBUTED TO THE PARASITE. WE ALSO SHOW THAT CASTRATION POST ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRONIC INFECTION PRECLUDES CHANGES IN FEAR AND MEDIAL AMYGDALA ARGININE VASOPRESSIN IN THE INFECTED MALE RATS. THESE OBSERVATIONS SUPPORT THE ROLE OF GONADAL HORMONES AND PURSUANT NEUROENDOCRINE CHANGES IN MEDIATING THE LOSS OF FEAR IN THE INFECTED RATS. THIS WORK ALSO DEMONSTRATES THAT TESTOSTERONE ACTING SPECIFICALLY WITHIN THE MEDIAL AMYGDALA SUFFICIENTLY EXPLAINS REDUCED DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS OFTEN OBSERVED DURING THE APPETITIVE COMPONENT OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  6698  35 VARICOCOELE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM ANIMAL AND HUMAN STUDIES. BACKGROUND: VARICOCOELE (VCL), ONE OF THE MAIN CAUSES OF MALE SUBFERTILITY, NEGATIVELY AFFECTS TESTICULAR FUNCTION. DUE TO LIMITED ACCESS TO HUMAN TESTICULAR TISSUE, ANIMAL MODEL STUDIES HAVE BEEN USED TO EVALUATE MOLECULAR AND, RECENTLY, EPIGENETIC CHANGES ATTRIBUTED TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY INDUCED BY VCL. OBJECTIVES: THIS REVIEW AIMS TO PROVIDE AN UPDATE ON THE LATEST FINDINGS REGARDING THE LINK BETWEEN VCL-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL STRESS AND MOLECULAR CHANGES IN GERM CELLS AND SPERMATOZOA. ENDOCRINE AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, TESTICULAR CHAPERONE-SPECIFIC HEMOSTASIS FAILURE, ALTERED TESTICULAR ION BALANCE, METABOLIC DISORDERS, AND ALTERED CARBON CYCLING DURING SPERMATOGENESIS ARE AMONG THE MANY FEATURES THAT WILL BE PRESENTED. DISCUSSION: LITERATURE REVIEW COUPLED WITH OUR OWN FINDINGS SUGGESTS THAT IONIC IMBALANCE, HYPOXIA, HYPERTHERMIA, AND ALTERED BLOOD FLOW COULD LEAD TO SEVERE CHRONIC OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH VCL LEADING TO DEFECTIVE SPERMATOGENESIS AND IMPAIRMENT OF THE INTEGRITY OF ALL SPERM CELL COMPONENTS AND COMPARTMENTS DOWN TO THE EPIGENETIC INFORMATION THEY CARRY. CONCLUSION: SINCE OXIDATIVE STRESS IS AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PATHOLOGY OF VCL, THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES SUCH AS THE ADMINISTRATION OF APPROPRIATE ANTIOXIDANTS COULD BE UNDERTAKEN AS A COMPLEMENTARY NON-INVASIVE TREATMENT LINE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7   748  29 CAPITAL EM, CYRILLICSMALL O, CYRILLICLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INITIATION OF CARCINOGENESIS IN THE TESTIS. IN THIS REVIEW, LITERATURE DATA ON THE STUDY OF PRECANCEROUS CHANGES IN TESTICULAR TISSUE AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, AS WELL AS THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAN INITIATE CARCINOGENESIS, WERE ANALYZED AND SUMMARIZED FOR THE FUTURE DETERMINATION OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF GERM CELL TUMORS OF THE TESTIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES. THE REVIEW ALSO DISCUSSES THE SIGNIFICANT NEW CHANGES PRESENTED IN THE FOURTH EDITION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CLASSIFICATION OF UROGENITAL TUMORS, PUBLISHED IN 2016, AND MODERN CONCEPTS OF THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF THESE DISEASES. AMONG THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAN INITIATE CARCINOGENESIS, THE MOST NOTEWORTHY ARE THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION, SUCH AS THE EFFECT OF RADIATION-INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY, WHICH INCREASES THE RISK OF CARCINOGENESIS, THE "BYSTANDER EFFECT", AND CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS. DISRUPTION OF UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOMAL PROTEOLYSIS, IMPAIRED MOLECULAR-LEVEL COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER, AND IMPAIRED REGULATORY ACTION OF TGF-BETA ON THE CELL CYCLE CAN PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MALE INFERTILITY AND THE INITIATION OF CARCINOGENESIS IN THE TESTIS. THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION AS AN ADDITIONAL ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR LEADS TO CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURAL, AS WELL AS MOLECULAR, COMPONENTS OF THE TESTIS, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH CAN BE CHARACTERIZED AS ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOMORPHOSIS, WHICH LEADS TO IMPAIRED SPERMATOGENESIS AND INCREASED RISK OF MALIGNANCY. SUMMARIZING THE LITERATURE REVIEW DATA, WE CAN STATE THAT PATIENTS WITH BLOCKED SPERMATOGENESIS, IN WHICH ATYPICAL GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU CELLS ARE DETECTED IN TESTICULAR TISSUE, CONSTITUTE A GROUP AT INCREASED RISK OF TESTICULAR CARCINOGENESIS. THE PRESENCE OF ADDITIONAL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS, SUCH AS CHRONIC LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION, CAN INITIATE THE PROGRESSION OF CARCINOGENESIS IN THE TESTICLE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  4942  34 PATERNAL OBESITY: HOW BAD IS IT FOR SPERM QUALITY AND PROGENY HEALTH? THERE IS SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE THAT PATERNAL OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED NOT ONLY WITH AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INFERTILITY, BUT ALSO WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF METABOLIC DISTURBANCE IN ADULT OFFSPRING. APPARENTLY, SEVERAL MECHANISMS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPERM QUALITY ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PATERNAL OBESITY, SUCH AS PHYSIOLOGICAL/HORMONAL ALTERATIONS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. ALONG THESE LINES, MODIFICATIONS OF HORMONAL PROFILES NAMELY REDUCED ANDROGEN LEVELS AND ELEVATED ESTROGEN LEVELS, WERE FOUND ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER SPERM CONCENTRATION AND SEMINAL VOLUME. ADDITIONALLY, OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TESTIS MAY INDUCE AN INCREASE OF THE PERCENTAGE OF SPERM WITH DNA FRAGMENTATION. THE LATTER, RELATE TO OTHER PECULIARITIES SUCH AS ALTERATION OF THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, INCREASED RISK OF MISCARRIAGE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC MORBIDITY IN THE OFFSPRING, INCLUDING CHILDHOOD CANCERS. UNDOUBTEDLY, EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS (IE, DNA METHYLATION, CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, AND SMALL RNA DEREGULATION) OF SPERM RELATED TO PATERNAL OBESITY AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES ON THE PROGENY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD DETERMINANTS OF PATERNAL OBESITY-INDUCED TRANSMISSION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE AND DISCUSS THE DATA AVAILABLE IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR CONSEQUENCES OF PATERNAL OBESITY ON MALE FERTILITY POTENTIAL AND ULTIMATELY PROGENY HEALTH.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  6840  25 [MALE INFERTILITY AND UROLOGIC CANCERS: ADVANCES IN STUDIES]. MALE INFERTILITY IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON DISEASES IN ANDROLOGY. STUDIES SHOW THAT MALE INFERTILITY IS SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF TUMORS, ESPECIALLY MALIGNANT TUMORS IN THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM, SUCH AS TESTIS CANCER AND PROSTATE CANCER. THE RELATIONSHIP OF MALE INFERTILITY WITH GENITOURINARY SYSTEM TUMORS INVOLVES VARIOUS ASPECTS, MAINLY INCLUDING CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS, EPIGENETIC MARKS, HORMONAL IMBALANCE, AND CONGENITAL DEFORMITY. BESIDES, SOME CHRONIC DISEASES ARE SHOWN TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH MALE INFERTILITY, AND SEMEN QUALITY OR FERTILITY STATUS MAY BE BIOMARKERS OF THE OVERALL HEALTH OF MALES. IN-DEPTH STUDIES OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MALE INFERTILITY AND THESE FACTORS ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR AN INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOGENESIS AND PREVENTION OF THE RELATED DISEASES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  4095  27 MATERNALLY DERIVED LOW GLUCOCORTICOID MEDIATES ADRENAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING ALTERATION IN OFFSPRING INDUCED BY DEXAMETHASONE. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTS DURING PREGNANCY CAN INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULT OFFSPRING. THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF FETAL-ORIGINATED DISEASES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING AND HOMEOSTASIS ALTERATION IN OFFSPRING. DEXAMETHASONE IS WIDELY USED FOR PRETERM DELIVERY-RELATED PREGNANCY DISEASES, BUT THE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING ALTERATION AND ITS OCCURRENCE MECHANISM OF PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE (PDE) ON ADRENAL DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING HAVE NOT BEEN CLARIFIED. IN THIS STUDY, PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY COULD INHIBIT NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT AND CAUSE A LOW EXPOSURE OF MATERNALLY DERIVED GLUCOCORTICOID IN CLINIC. THEN, WE ESTABLISHED A RAT MODEL OF PDE AND OBSERVED A SIMILAR PHENOMENON. FURTHER, THE ADRENAL STEROIDOGENIC FUNCTION WAS CONTINUOUSLY INHIBITED IN THE PDE MALE OFFSPRING RATS, ACCOMPANIED BY THE DECREASED H3K27AC LEVEL OF ADRENAL INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) AND ITS EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CHRONIC STRESS IN PDE ADULT OFFSPRING RATS COULD REVERSE THE CHANGES OF THE ABOVE INDICATORS THROUGH THE HIGH LEVEL OF GLUCOCORTICOID. IN COMBINATION WITH IN VIVO, IN VITRO AND A SERIES OF INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENTS, WE CONFIRMED THAT THE LOW LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS INHIBITED THE ADRENAL IGF1 EXPRESSION AND STEROIDOGENIC FUNCTION THROUGH THE GRALPHA/MIR-370-3P/SIRT3 PATHWAY. IN SUMMARY, PDE COULD CONTINUOUSLY INHIBIT THE ADRENAL STEROIDOGENIC FUNCTION IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MATERNALLY DERIVED LOW GLUCOCORTICOID-MEDIATED THE ADRENAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING ALTERATION IN OFFSPRING. THIS STUDY PROVIDES A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BASIS FOR EXPLAINING THE ADRENAL DEVELOPMENT ORIGIN OF PDE-INDUCED ADULT CHRONIC DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  4806  25 OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION AND THE IMPACT ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS) ARE GLOBAL EPIDEMICS, DRIVEN BY AN OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT. THIS IS MEDIATED BY COMPLEX UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, IN WHICH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS AN IMPORTANT AETIOLOGICAL AND MECHANISTIC PHENOMENON. A SHIFT TOWARDS A SUBCLINICAL T(H) 1-LYMPHOCYTE MEDIATED INNATE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS WELL DEFINED IN OBESITY AND METS, DEMONSTRATED IN MULTIPLE SYSTEMS INCLUDING VISCERAL ADIPOSITY, BRAIN (HYPOTHALAMUS), MUSCLES, VASCULATURE, LIVER, PANCREAS, TESTES, EPIDIDYMIS, PROSTATE AND SEMINAL FLUID. INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES DISRUPT THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTES AXIS AND STEROIDOGENESIS CASCADES (HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM), SPERMATOGENESIS (POOR SEMEN PARAMETERS, INCLUDING DNA FRAGMENTATION AND DETRIMENTAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION) AND RESULTS IN SUBCLINICAL PROSTATITIS AND PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN OBESITY AND METS, CYTOKINES IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, THE IMPACT ON STEROIDOGENESIS AND SPERMATOGENESIS, PROSTATE PATHOLOGY AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. CURRENTLY, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN OBESE AND METS PATIENTS INCLUDES INFLAMMATION ASSESSMENT (HIGHLY SENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN), AND APPROPRIATE ADVICE AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS ARE INCORPORATED IN THE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  4468  32 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND MALE INFERTILITY. IN RECENT DECADES, THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY HAS RISEN DRAMATICALLY AND IS CURRENTLY ESTIMATED TO BE AROUND 20%. OBESITY IS LINKED TO AN INCREASED RISK OF COMORBIDITIES AND PREMATURE MORTALITY. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT OBESITY NEGATIVELY IMPACTS MALE FERTILITY THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO INVESTIGATE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH OBESITY IMPAIRS MALE REPRODUCTION, INCLUDING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HYPOGONADISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON SPERMATOGENESIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. OBESITY NEGATIVELY IMPACTS BOTH CONVENTIONAL AND BIOFUNCTIONAL SPERM PARAMETERS, AND IT ALSO INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO OFFSPRING. MOREOVER, OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES ARE LINKED TO A DYSREGULATION OF ADIPOCYTE FUNCTION AND MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. THE DYSREGULATED ADIPOKINES SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE INSULIN SIGNALING, AND THEY MAY ALSO HAVE A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON TESTICULAR FUNCTION. SIRTUINS CAN ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC RESPONSES IN OBESE PATIENTS. UNDERSTANDING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN OBESITY-INDUCED MALE INFERTILITY COULD INCREASE OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETS FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND ITS RELATED CONSEQUENCES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13  4941  39 PATERNAL OBESITY, INTERVENTIONS, AND MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS TO IMPAIRED HEALTH IN OFFSPRING. BACKGROUND: THE GLOBAL RATES OF MALE OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY ARE RISING, APPROACHING 70% OF THE TOTAL ADULT POPULATION IN WESTERN NATIONS. OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY INCREASES THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES; HOWEVER, THERE IS INCREASING AWARENESS THAT MALE OBESITY NEGATIVELY IMPACTS FERTILITY, SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY, AND THE OFFSPRING HEALTH BURDEN. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING IS WELL DEFINED IN MOTHERS; HOWEVER, IT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY EVIDENT THAT DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING CAN BE PATERNALLY INITIATED AND MEDIATED THROUGH PATERNAL OBESITY. KEY MESSAGES: BOTH HUMAN AND RODENT MODELS HAVE ESTABLISHED THAT PATERNAL OBESITY IMPAIRS SEX HORMONES, BASIC SPERM FUNCTION, AND MOLECULAR COMPOSITION. THIS RESULTS IN PERTURBED EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH AND AN INCREASED SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING DISEASE BURDEN IN BOTH SEXES. THE REVERSIBILITY OF OBESITY-INDUCED PARENTAL PROGRAMMING HAS ONLY RECENTLY RECEIVED ATTENTION. PROMISING RESULTS IN ANIMAL MODELS UTILIZING DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS HAVE SHOWN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPERM FUNCTION AND MOLECULAR COMPOSITION, RESULTING IN RESTORATIONS OF BOTH EMBRYO AND FETAL HEALTH AND SUBSEQUENT MALE OFFSPRING FERTILITY. THE DIRECT MODE FOR PATERNAL INHERITANCE IS LIKELY MEDIATED VIA SPERMATOZOA. WE PROPOSE TWO MAIN THEORIES FOR THE ORIGIN OF MALE OBESITY-INDUCED PATERNAL PROGRAMMING: (1) ACCUMULATION OF SPERM DNA DAMAGE RESULTING IN DE NOVO MUTATIONS IN THE EMBRYO AND (2) CHANGES IN SPERM EPIGENETIC MARKS (MICRORNA, METHYLATION, OR ACETYLATION) ALTERING THE ACCESS, TRANSCRIPTION, AND TRANSLATION OF PATERNALLY DERIVED GENES DURING EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS. CONCLUSIONS: PATERNAL OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY INDUCES PATERNAL PROGRAMMING OF OFFSPRING PHENOTYPES LIKELY MEDIATED THROUGH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN SPERMATOZOA. THESE PROGRAMMED CHANGES TO OFFSPRING HEALTH APPEAR TO BE PARTIALLY RESTORED VIA DIET/EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IN OBESE FATHERS PRECONCEPTION, WHICH HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE ASPECTS OF SPERM DNA INTEGRITY. HOWEVER, THE MAJORITY OF DATA SURROUNDING PATERNAL OBESITY AND OFFSPRING PHENOTYPES HAVE COME FROM RODENT MODELS; THEREFORE, WE CONTEND THAT IT WILL BE INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT TO STUDY POPULATION-BASED DATA TO DETERMINE THE LIKELY MODE OF INHERITANCE IN HUMANS.	2014	

14  6426  30 THE TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF THE PATERNAL TYPE 2 DIABETES-INDUCED SUBFERTILITY PHENOTYPE. DIABETES IS A CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY HYPERGLYCEMIA AND ASSOCIATED WITH MANY HEALTH COMPLICATIONS DUE TO THE LONG-TERM DAMAGE AND DYSFUNCTION OF VARIOUS ORGANS. A CONSEQUENTIAL COMPLICATION OF DIABETES IN MEN IS REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION, REDUCED FERTILITY, AND POOR REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIABETIC ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED SPERM DAMAGE AND OVERALL DECREASED REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES ARE NOT FULLY ESTABLISHED. WE EVALUATED THE EFFECTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES EXPOSURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND THE REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES OF MALES AND THEIR MALE OFFSPRING, USING A MOUSE MODEL. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MEDIATES INTERGENERATIONAL AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF THE OFFSPRING, ESPECIALLY ON SPERM QUALITY, AND ON METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS. GIVEN THE TRANSGENERATIONAL IMPAIRMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS THROUGH TWO GENERATIONS, THESE CHANGES LIKELY TAKE THE FORM OF INHERITED EPIGENETIC MARKS THROUGH THE GERMLINE. OUR RESULTS EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING METABOLIC HEALTH NOT ONLY IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE, BUT ALSO IN POTENTIAL FATHERS, IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF DIABETES ON SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15  4939  38 PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE IN RATS PRODUCES LONG-LASTING NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN THE OFFSPRING. STUDIES OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PARENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURE HAVE PRINCIPALLY FOCUSED ON MATERNAL EXPOSURE, PARTICULARLY FOR STUDIES OF ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS ON THE OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, PATERNAL TOXICANT EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY IN THEIR OFFSPRING. RECENT WORK SUGGESTS THAT PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN HAVE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, ALTHOUGH IT REMAINS UNCLEAR WHETHER SUCH CHANGES LEAD TO NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR OFFSPRING. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 0 OR 2 MG/KG/DAY NICOTINE (SC) FOR 56 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WITH TWO CONSECUTIVE 2ML4 OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS. FOLLOWING TREATMENT, THESE MALES WERE MATED WITH DRUG-NAIVE FEMALE RATS. OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES WERE TESTED IN A BEHAVIORAL BATTERY TO ASSESS LOCOMOTION, EMOTIONAL FUNCTION AND COGNITION. PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE DID NOT IMPACT OFFSPRING VIABILITY, HEALTH OR GROWTH. HOWEVER, BEHAVIORAL FUNCTION OF THE OFFSPRING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BY PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE. MALE OFFSPRING WITH PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE EXHIBITED LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY IN THE FIGURE-8 APPARATUS WHEN TESTED DURING ADOLESCENCE. WHEN RETESTED IN ADULTHOOD AND REGARDLESS OF SEX, OFFSPRING OF THE NICOTINE EXPOSED FATHER SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HABITUATION OF LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY OVER THE COURSE OF THE SESSION. COMPARED TO CONTROLS, FEMALE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED RESPONSE LATENCY IN THE RADIAL ARM MAZE TEST. IN ADDITION TO LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY, THE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS ALSO SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED HABITUATION IN THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN IMPACT THE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING, PRODUCING LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPAIRED HABITUATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16  4944  27 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17  4948  39 PATERNAL STRESS EXPOSURE ALTERS SPERM MICRORNA CONTENT AND REPROGRAMS OFFSPRING HPA STRESS AXIS REGULATION. NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE FREQUENTLY PRESENTS WITH AN UNDERLYING HYPOREACTIVITY OR HYPERREACTIVITY OF THE HPA STRESS AXIS, SUGGESTING AN EXCEPTIONAL VULNERABILITY OF THIS CIRCUITRY TO EXTERNAL PERTURBATIONS. PARENTAL LIFETIME EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OFFSPRING NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE RISK, AND LIKELY CONTRIBUTE TO STRESS DYSREGULATION. WHILE MATERNAL INFLUENCES HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY EXAMINED, MUCH LESS IS KNOWN REGARDING THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF PATERNAL FACTORS. TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH PATERNAL STRESS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO OFFSPRING HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS DYSREGULATION, WE EXPOSED MICE TO 6 WEEKS OF CHRONIC STRESS BEFORE BREEDING. AS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SUPPORT VARIATION IN PATERNAL GERM CELL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO REPROGRAMMING ACROSS THE LIFESPAN, MALE STRESS EXPOSURE OCCURRED EITHER THROUGHOUT PUBERTY OR IN ADULTHOOD. REMARKABLY, OFFSPRING OF SIRES FROM BOTH PATERNAL STRESS GROUPS DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HPA STRESS AXIS RESPONSIVITY. GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSES IN OFFSPRING STRESS REGULATING BRAIN REGIONS, THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) AND THE BED NUCLEUS OF STRIA TERMINALIS, REVEALED GLOBAL PATTERN CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTION SUGGESTIVE OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND CONSISTENT WITH ALTERED OFFSPRING STRESS RESPONSIVITY, INCLUDING INCREASED EXPRESSION OF GLUCOCORTICOID-RESPONSIVE GENES IN THE PVN. IN EXAMINING POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF GERM CELL TRANSMISSION, WE FOUND ROBUST CHANGES IN SPERM MICRORNA (MIR) CONTENT, WHERE NINE SPECIFIC MIRS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN BOTH PATERNAL STRESS GROUPS. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT PATERNAL EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN CAN INDUCE GERM CELL EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND IMPACT OFFSPRING HPA STRESS AXIS REGULATION, AND MAY THEREFORE OFFER NOVEL INSIGHT INTO FACTORS INFLUENCING NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE RISK.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18  4051  32 MALE OBESITY: EPIGENETIC ORIGIN AND EFFECTS IN SPERM AND OFFSPRING. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY HAS INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY IN THE CURRENT GENERATIONS OF WESTERN COUNTRIES, AND THE BURDEN OF OBESITY-RELATED COMPLICATIONS HAS BEEN GROWING STEADILY. IN MEN, OBESITY IS NOT ONLY A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR SERIOUS CHRONIC DISEASES, CONCERN IS GROWING THAT THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY, AND MORE PARTICULARLY, THEIR OFFSPRING'S HEALTH MAY BE AFFECTED. OBESITY-RELATED IMPAIRED SPERMATOGENESIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASE IN MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND PREGNANCY SUCCESS. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT EPIGENETICS IS AN IMPORTANT MEDIATOR EXPLAINING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT AND SPERM/OFFSPRING OUTCOMES. RECENT FINDINGS: RECENT STUDIES HAVE EXPLORED INTER- AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC EFFECTS IN SPERM CELLS AND IN OFFSPRING. FATHER-TO-CHILD EFFECTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN RELATION TO PRECONCEPTIONAL NUTRITIONAL AND LIFE-STYLE RELATED FACTORS. SUMMARY: HERE, WE SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT OBESITY AND MOLECULAR OR EPIGENETIC UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN SPERM. WE IDENTIFY THE OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE FATHER BEFORE CONCEPTION AS A POTENTIAL ORIGIN OF HEALTH OR DISEASE IN THE OFFSPRING AND INCLUDE IT AS PART OF A NEW CONCEPT, THE PATERNAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (POHAD).	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  6744  32 WHO CARES ABOUT OLIGOZOOSPERMIA WHEN WE HAVE ICSI. THE VALUE OF ASSESSING SUBFERTILE MALES WITH OLIGOZOOSPERMIA IS CONTROVERSIAL DUE TO PREVAILING NOTIONS THAT THERAPIES ARE LIMITED AND ICSI MAY PROVIDE THE COUPLE WITH A BABY WITHOUT THE NEED TO EXPLAIN THE NATURE OR CAUSE OF UNDERLYING MALE INFERTILITY. THIS ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS THAT INDISCRIMINATELY OFFERING ICSI TO OLIGOZOOSPERMIC MEN IS NOT FREE OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS AND DOES NOT GRANT SUBFERTILE MEN THE BEST FERTILITY PATHWAY. RECENT DATA SUPPORT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN OLIGOZOOSPERMIA AND POOR MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, DNA AND EPIGENETIC DAMAGE IN SPERMATOZOA, AND POSSIBLE ADVERSE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES TO OFFSPRING. MANY CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE TESTICLES ARE CAPABLE OF CAUSING OLIGOZOOSPERMIA (VARICOCELE, GENITAL INFECTIONS, CONGENITAL AND GENETIC DEFECTS TESTICULAR TORSION/TRAUMA, CHRONIC DISEASES, INADEQUATE LIFESTYLE, OCCUPATIONAL/ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO TOXICANTS, DRUGS, CANCER AND RELATED TREATMENTS, ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESS, ENDOCRINE DISORDERS, AND IATROGENIC DAMAGE TO THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM). IF OLIGOZOOSPERMIA IS DETECTED, THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS CAN IMPROVE SPERM QUANTITY/QUALITY AND THE OVERALL MALE HEALTH, ULTIMATELY RESULTING IN BETTER PREGNANCY OUTCOMES EVEN WHEN ICSI IS USED. FERTILITY CLINICS ARE URGED TO ENGAGE MALE INFERTILITY SPECIALISTS IN DIAGNOSING AND TREATING OLIGOZOOSPERMIA AS A MATTER OF BEST CLINICAL PRACTICE. A WELL-CONDUCTED MALE INFERTILITY EVALUATION REPRESENTS A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO IDENTIFY RELEVANT MEDICAL AND INFERTILITY CONDITIONS, MANY OF WHICH MAY BE TREATED OR ALLEVIATED. THE ANDROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MAY ALSO HELP GUIDE THE OPTIMAL APPLICATION OF ICSI. THE FINAL GOALS ARE TO POSITIVELY IMPACT THE OVERALL PATIENT HEALTH, THE COUPLE'S PREGNANCY PROSPECTS, AND THE OFFSPRING'S WELL-BEING.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20  5584  22 ROLE OF OBESITY IN FEMALE REPRODUCTION. CONTEMPORARY SCIENTISTS NEED NO "P VALUE" AND "RELATIVE RISK" STATISTICS TO BE EXQUISITELY AWARE OF THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND COMPLICATIONS POSED BY OBESITY. IT IS NOW WELL RECOGNIZED THAT OBESITY IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, VASCULAR DISEASE, TUMORS AND REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS. OBESE WOMEN SHOW LOWER LEVELS OF GONADOTROPIN HORMONES, REDUCED FECUNDITY, HIGHER MISCARRIAGE RATES AND POORER OUTCOMES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, REVEALING THAT OBESITY AFFECTS FEMALE REPRODUCTION. IN ADDITION, ADIPOSE TISSUE CONTAINS SPECIAL IMMUNE CELLS AND OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IS A CHRONIC, LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. HEREIN, WE MAINLY REVIEW DETRIMENTAL INFLUENCES OF OBESITY IN THE COMPLETE PROCESS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION, INCLUDING HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN AXIS, OOCYTE MATURATION, EMBRYO AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT. IN THE LATTER PART, WE VIEW OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND DISCUSS RELATED EPIGENETIC IMPACT ON FEMALE REPRODUCTION.	2023