1  1475 85 DISTRIBUTION OF H3K27ME3, H3K9ME3, AND H3K4ME3 ALONG AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENES HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN STARVED ZEBRAFISH MYOTUBES. THE ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) REMAINS THE TELEOST FISH OF CHOICE FOR BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS DUE TO THE VAST ARRAY OF MOLECULAR TOOLS AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY, WE UTILIZED A PRIMARY MYOTUBE CULTURE SYSTEM GENERATED FROM ISOLATED MYOGENIC PRECURSOR CELLS (MPCS) FROM ZEBRAFISH GROWN UNDER STARVATION CONDITIONS USING A MEDIA DEVOID OF SERUM AND AMINO ACIDS. HERE, WE REPORT STARVATION-INDUCED REGULATION OF SEVERAL AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENES (ATG) EXPRESSION AND PROFILE THE DISTRIBUTION OF H3K27ME3, H3K9ME3, AND H3K4ME3 MARKS ALONG LC3B, ATG4B AND P62/SQSTM1 LOCI. THESE DATA SUPPORT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY IN RESPONSE TO STARVATION THAT SUGGESTS A LEVEL OF REGULATION THAT CAN BE SUSTAINED FOR CHRONIC CONDITIONS VIA CHROMATIN MODIFICATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2   891 26 CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CLOFIBRIC ACID IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO): A MULTIGENERATIONAL STUDY. CLOFIBRIC ACID (CA) IS AN ACTIVE METABOLITE OF THE BLOOD LIPID LOWERING AGENT CLOFIBRATE, A PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGNED TO WORK AS AGONIST OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA (PPARA). IT IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED FIBRATE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS WITH LOW DEGRADATION RATE AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE. PREVIOUS FISH EXPOSURES SHOWED THAT CA MAY IMPACT SPERMATOGENESIS, GROWTH AND THE EXPRESSION OF FAT BINDING PROTEIN GENES. HOWEVER, THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL CA EXPOSURES. HERE, WE ASSESSED CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CA EXPOSURE USING ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AS A TELEOST MODEL. ZEBRAFISH WERE EXPOSED THROUGH THE DIET TO CA (1 AND 10MG/G) DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFETIME. GROWTH, REPRODUCTION-RELATED PARAMETERS AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT WERE ASSESSED IN THE EXPOSED FISH (F1 GENERATION) AND THEIR OFFSPRING (F2 GENERATION), TOGETHER WITH MUSCLE TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT AND GONAD HISTOLOGY. IN ORDER TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISMS, THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF GENES CODING FOR ENZYMES INVOLVED IN LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS WERE DETERMINED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT CHRONIC LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE TO CA INDUCED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN GROWTH OF F1 GENERATION AND LOWERED TRIGLYCERIDE MUSCLE CONTENT (10MG/G GROUP). ALSO, AN IMPACT IN MALE GONAD DEVELOPMENT WAS OBSERVED TOGETHER WITH A DECREASE IN THE FECUNDITY (10MG/G GROUP) AND HIGHER FREQUENCY OF EMBRYO ABNORMALITIES IN THE OFFSPRING OF FISH EXPOSED TO THE LOWEST CA DOSE. THE PROFILE OF THE TARGET GENES WAS SEX- AND TISSUE-DEPENDENT. IN F1 AN UP-REGULATION OF MALE HEPATIC PPARAA, PPARB AND ACOX TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WAS OBSERVED, SUGGESTING AN ACTIVATION OF THE FATTY ACID METABOLISM (PROVIDED THAT TRANSCRIPT LEVEL CHANGE INDICATES ALSO A PROTEIN LEVEL CHANGE). INTERESTINGLY, THE F2 GENERATION, RAISED WITH CONTROL DIET, DISPLAYED A RESPONSE PATTERN DIFFERENT FROM THAT OBSERVED IN F1, SHOWING AN INCREASE IN WEIGHT IN THE DESCENDANTS OF CA EXPOSED FISH, IN COMPARISON WITH CONTROL ANIMALS, WHICH POINTS TO A MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECT.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3   166 21 ABNORMAL OVARIAN DNA METHYLATION PROGRAMMING DURING GONAD MATURATION IN WILD CONTAMINATED FISH. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT POLLUTANTS MAY CAUSE DISEASES VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION PARTICIPATE IN THE REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. SURPRISINGLY, EPIGENETICS RESEARCH IS STILL LIMITED IN ECOTOXICOLOGY. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINANTS EXPERIENCED BY WILD FEMALE FISH (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA) THROUGHOUT THEIR JUVENILE PHASE CAN AFFECT THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF THEIR OOCYTES DURING GONAD MATURATION. THUS, FISH WERE SAMPLED IN TWO LOCATIONS PRESENTING A LOW OR A HIGH CONTAMINATION LEVEL. THEN, FISH WERE TRANSFERRED TO THE LABORATORY AND ARTIFICIALLY MATURED. BEFORE HORMONAL TREATMENT, THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE GENES ENCODING FOR THE AROMATASE AND THE RECEPTOR OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE WERE HIGHER IN CONTAMINATED FISH THAN IN FISH FROM THE CLEAN SITE. FOR THE HORMONE RECEPTOR, THIS HYPERMETHYLATION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF FISH AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASE IN ITS TRANSCRIPTION LEVEL. IN ADDITION, WHEREAS GONAD GROWTH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION IN FISH FROM THE CLEAN SITE, NO CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN CONTAMINATED FISH IN RESPONSE TO HORMONAL TREATMENT. FINALLY, A HIGHER GONAD GROWTH WAS OBSERVED IN FISH FROM THE REFERENCE SITE IN COMPARISON TO CONTAMINATED FISH.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  4923 19 PARENTAL DIURON EXPOSURE CAUSES LOWER HATCHABILITY AND ABNORMAL OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING OF MEDAKA (ORYZIAS MELASTIGMA). DIURON IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED HERBICIDES WORLDWIDE. IT HAS BEEN WIDELY DETECTED IN VARIOUS AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, ESPECIALLY IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. ALTHOUGH DIRECT EFFECTS OF DIURON EXPOSURE ON VARIOUS ORGANISMS HAVE BEEN REPORTED, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS EFFECTS ON MARINE FISHES INCLUDING MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. HEREIN, THE FILIAL GENERATION (F1) OF DIURON-EXPOSED MARINE MEDAKA (ORYZIAS MELASTIGMA) (F0) WAS RAISED IN CLEAN SEAWATER FROM FERTILIZED EGGS TO ADULTHOOD AND USED AS A MARINE FISH MODEL TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF DIURON. WE FOUND THAT THE SUCCESSFUL HATCHING OF F1 LARVAE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AND THAT OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN F1 FEMALES WAS RETARDED. A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF PREVITELLOGENIC OOCYTES, ALONG WITH A VISUAL DECREASE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF VITELLOGENIC AND MATURE OOCYTES IN THE F1 OVARY, WERE OBSERVED. THE HORMONE LEVELS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY-GONAD-LIVER AXIS AND VITELLOGENIN-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION WERE DOWNREGULATED. IN ADDITION, THE MRNA LEVELS OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE IN THE BRAIN, OVARY AND LIVER OF F1 ADULT FISH EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION, SUGGESTING THAT THE PROBABLE UNDERLYING MULTIGENERATIONAL MECHANISM MIGHT BE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC ENVIRONMENTAL DIURON EXPOSURE IN F0 MARINE MEDAKA CAN INHIBIT F1 OVARY DEVELOPMENT AND SUGGESTED THAT DIURON MAY AFFECT MARINE FISH THRIVING IN THE OCEAN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  4924 14 PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE CONFERS OFFSPRING HYPOXIA RESISTANCE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO). PARENTAL INFLUENCES ARE A POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSFER OF PHENOTYPE IN VERTEBRATES. THIS STUDY EXAMINED HOW CHRONIC HYPOXIC EXPOSURE ON ADULT ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AFFECTED THE PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING. SEPARATE ADULT POPULATIONS WERE EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA (13.1 KPA O(2)) OR NORMOXIA (21.1 KPA O(2)) FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 1 TO 12 WEEKS. ADULTS WERE THEN RETURNED TO NORMOXIA AND BRED WITHIN EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. ADULT FECUNDITY AND EGG CHARACTERISTICS (VOLUME OF EGG, YOLK AND PERIVITELLINE FLUID) WERE ASSESSED. SUBSEQUENTLY, LARVAL BODY LENGTH, TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (~4 KPA O(2)), AND CRITICAL THERMAL MINIMA (CT(MIN)) AND MAXIMA (CT(MAX)) WERE MEASURED AT 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 AND 60 DAYS POST-FERTILIZATION (D.P.F.). ADULT FECUNDITY WAS DEPRESSED BY HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. EGG COMPONENT VOLUMES WERE ALSO DEPRESSED IN ADULTS EXPOSED TO 1-2 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA, BUT RETURNED TO CONTROL LEVELS FOLLOWING LONGER HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. ADULT HYPOXIC EXPOSURES OF >1 WEEK RESULTED IN LONGER BODY LENGTHS IN THEIR LARVAL OFFSPRING. TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (I.E. HYPOXIC RESISTANCE) IN CONTROL LARVAE DECREASED FROM 6 TO 12 D.P.F., REMAINING CONSTANT THEREAFTER. NOTABLY, HYPOXIC RESISTANCE FROM 6 TO 18 D.P.F. WAS ~15% LOWER IN LARVAE WHOSE PARENTS WERE EXPOSED TO JUST 1 WEEK OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA, BUT RESISTANCE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY ~24-30% IN 6-18 D.P.F. LARVAE FROM ADULTS EXPOSED TO 2, 3 OR 4 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA. CT(MIN) (~10-12 DEGREES C) AND CT(MAX) (~39.5 DEGREES C) WERE UNCHANGED BY PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH HAS PROFOUND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  6681 22 USING ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO BIOASSAYS TO IDENTIFY CHEMICALS MODULATING THE REGULATION OF THE EPIGENOME: A CASE STUDY WITH SIMVASTATIN. CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN HAVE BEEN INCREASINGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODULATION OF THE EPIGENOME, LEADING TO POTENTIALLY INHERITED AND PERSISTENT IMPACTS ON APICAL ENDPOINTS. HERE, WE ADDRESS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OECD TEST NO. 236 FET (FISH EMBRYO ACUTE TOXICITY) IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS ABLE TO MODULATE THE EPIGENOME. USING ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYOS, ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURES WERE PERFORMED WITH THE PHARMACEUTICAL, SIMVASTATIN (SIM), A WIDELY PRESCRIBED HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC DRUG REPORTED TO INDUCE INTER AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS OF SIM (FROM 8 NG/L TO 2000 NG/L) WERE ADDRESSED FOLLOWING (1) AN ACUTE EMBRYO ASSAY BASED ON OECD TEST NO. 236 FET, (2) A CHRONIC PARTIAL LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE USING ADULT ZEBRAFISH (90 DAYS), AND (3) F1 EMBRYOS OBTAINED FROM PARENTAL EXPOSED ANIMALS. SIMVASTATIN INDUCED SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS IN GENE EXPRESSION OF KEY EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS (DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION) IN THE GONADS OF EXPOSED ADULT ZEBRAFISH AND IN 80 HPF ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS (ACUTE AND CHRONIC PARENTAL INTERGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE), ALBEIT WITH DISTINCT EFFECT PROFILES BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. IN THE CHRONIC EXPOSURE, SIM IMPACTED PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE GENES IN MALES AND FEMALE GONADS, WHEREAS IN F1 EMBRYOS SIM AFFECTED MOSTLY GENES ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION. IN THE EMBRYO ACUTE DIRECT EXPOSURE, SIM MODULATED THE EXPRESSION OF BOTH GENES INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE. THESE FINDINGS FURTHER SUPPORT THE USE OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS IN A HIGH THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE EPIGENOME-MODULATING CHEMICALS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
7  4077 22 MATERNAL INFLAMMATION INDUCES SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF MICE VIA SEX-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. MOUNTING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN AGING-ASSOCIATED COGNITIVE DECLINE (AACD) AND CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING OVER MULTIPLE GENERATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STRESS. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SUB-CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ON AACD AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL MICE AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL SEX SPECIFICITY OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. IN BRIEF, F0-GENERATION CD-1 DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO LPS (50 MICROG/KG) OR SALINE (CON) DURING LATE PREGNANCY. SUBSEQUENTLY, F1 MALES AND FEMALES (AT 2 MONTHS-OF-AGE) FROM THE LPS TREATMENT GROUP WERE MATED WITH NON-LITTERMATES FROM THE LPS GROUP OR WILD-TYPE MICE TO PRODUCE F2 GENERATIONS OF PARENTAL- (F2-LPS(2)), PATERNAL- (F2M-LPS(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-LPS(1)) MICE. THEN, CON-F1 MALES AND FEMALES WERE MATED WITH WILD-TYPE MICE TO GENERATE F2 GENERATIONS OF PATERNAL- (F2M-CON(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-CON(1)). NEXT, WE EVALUATED THE COGNITIVE ABILITY AND LEVELS OF HIPPOCAMPAL H4K12AC AND H3K9ME3 IN THE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING AT 3- AND 13 MONTHS-OF-AGE. OVERALL, F1 MALE AND FEMALE LPS GROUPS PRESENTED WITH ELEVATED CORTICOSTERONE (P < 0.001, P = 0.036, P = 0.025, 0.012, RESPECTIVELY) AND CYTOKINE RESPONSES, POORER COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05) AND H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (ALL P < 0.05); THESE ISSUES WERE CARRIED OVER TO THE F2 GENERATION VIA THE PARENTS, PREDOMINANTLY IN THE PATERNAL LINEAGE. MOREOVER, THE LEVELS OF H3K9ME3 AND H4K12AC WERE SIGNIFICANT CORRELATED WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER INFLAMMATORY INSULTS HAD BEEN INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. THESE FINDINGS INDICATED THAT GESTATIONAL INFLAMMATORY INSULTS IN THE F0 GENERATION ACCELERATED AACD IN THE F2 GENERATION, ALONG WITH H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND THAT THESE ISSUES WERE DERIVED FROM THE F1 PARENTS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE F1 FATHERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  3240 22 HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION ALTERS GLOBAL HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 AND 4 TRIMETHYLATION IN THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA NETWORK. RECENT DATA SUGGEST THAT THE ETIOLOGY OF SEVERAL METABOLIC DISEASES IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTOME ALTERATION BY ABERRANT HISTONE METHYLATION. WE PERFORMED DNA MICROARRAY AND CHIP-ON-CHIP ANALYSES TO EXAMINE TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING AND TRIMETHYLATION ALTERATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE GENOMIC SIGNATURE OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), THE MOST COMMON FORM OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT STEATOTIC LIVERS IN HIGH-FAT DIET-FED APOLIPOPROTEIN E2 MICE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF APPROXIMATELY 70% OF TOTAL GENES COMPARED WITH NORMAL DIET-FED CONTROL LIVERS, SUGGESTING THAT HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCES DRAMATIC ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN VIVO. ALSO, PATHWAY ANALYSIS SUGGESTED THAT GENES ENCODING CHROMATIN-REMODELING ENZYMES, SUCH AS JUMONJI C-DOMAIN-CONTAINING HISTONE DEMETHYLASES THAT REGULATE HISTONE H3K9 AND H3K4 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K9ME3, H3K4ME3), WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN STEATOTIC LIVERS. THUS, WE FURTHER INVESTIGATED THE GLOBAL H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 STATUS IN LIPID-ACCUMULATED MOUSE PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES BY CHIP-ON-CHIP ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCED ABERRANT H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 STATUS IN PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA AND HEPATIC LIPID CATABOLISM NETWORK GENES, REDUCING THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION COMPARED WITH NON-TREATED CONTROL HEPATOCYTES. THIS STUDY PROVIDES THE FIRST EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 IN HEPATOCYTES MAY BE INVOLVED IN HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD. THUS, CONTROL OF H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL NOVEL NAFLD PREVENTION AND TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  1792 18 EFFECT OF CHRONIC WESTERN DIETS ON NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER OF MALE MICE MODIFYING THE PPAR-GAMMA PATHWAY VIA MIR-27B-5P REGULATION. WESTERN DIETS CONTRIBUTE TO METABOLIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DIETS AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE MOSTLY UNKNOWN. HERE, SIX WEEK-OLD C57BL/6J MALE AND FEMALE MICE WERE FED WITH A LOW-FAT DIET (LFD), HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD), AND HIGH-FAT HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET (HFD-HF) FOR 20 WEEKS. WE DETERMINED THAT HFD-HF OR HFD MICE EXPERIENCED SIGNIFICANT METABOLIC DYSREGULATION COMPARED TO THE LFD. HFD-HF AND HFD-FED MALE MICE SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BODY WEIGHT, LIVER SIZE, AND FASTING GLUCOSE LEVELS WITH DOWNREGULATED PPARGAMMA, SCD1, AND FAS PROTEIN EXPRESSION. IN CONTRAST, FEMALE MICE WERE LESS AFFECTED BY HFD AND HFD-HF. AS MIR-27B CONTAINS A SEED SEQUENCE IN PPARGAMMA, IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT THESE CHANGES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY MALE-SPECIFIC UPREGULATION OF MIR-27B-5P, WHICH IS EVEN MORE PRONOUNCED IN THE HFD-HF GROUP (P < 0.01 VS. LFD) COMPARED TO THE HFD GROUP (P < 0.05 VS. LFD). OTHER MIR-27 SUBTYPES WERE INCREASED BUT NOT SIGNIFICANTLY. HFD-HF SHOWED INSIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FIBROSIS MARKERS WHEN COMPARED TO LFD. INTERESTINGLY, FAT BALLOONING IN HEPATOCYTES WAS INCREASED IN HFD-FED MICE COMPARED TO HFD-HF FED MICE, HOWEVER, THE HFD-HF LIVER SHOWED AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SMALL CELLS. HERE, WE CONCLUDED THAT CHRONIC WESTERN DIET-COMPOSITION ADMINISTERED FOR 20 WEEKS MAY SURPASS THE NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER (NAFL) STAGE BUT MAY BE AT AN INTERMEDIATE STAGE BETWEEN FATTY LIVER AND FIBROSIS VIA MIR-27B-5P-INDUCED PPARGAMMA DOWNREGULATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10   901 18 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ANTHROPOGENIC AND CLIMATE RELATED STRESSORS ALTERS TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES IN THE LIVER OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) ACROSS MULTIPLE GENERATIONS. THE ANTIDEPRESSANT, VENLAFAXINE (VFX), AND CLIMATE CHANGE STRESSORS, SUCH AS INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURE AND DECREASED DISSOLVED OXYGEN, ARE CURRENT THREATS TO AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE HOW MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND PREDICTED TARGETED TRANSCRIPTS WERE ALTERED IN LIVERS OF ZEBRAFISH EXPOSED TO THESE STRESSORS, AND LIVERS OF THEIR UN-EXPOSED F(1) AND F(2) OFFSPRING. FOLLOWING A 21 DAY EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE STRESSORS (1 MUG/L VFX, +5 DEGREES C AMBIENT, 50% O(2)), THEN A SUBSEQUENT 21 DAY RECOVERY, RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF CYP3A65, HSP70, HSP90, AND PPARGC1A AND MIRNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET THEM (MIR-142A, MIR-16C, MIR-181C, AND MIR-129, RESPECTIVELY) WERE MEASURED IN THE LIVER VIA QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-QPCR). THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN MIR-142A IN THE EXPOSED F(0) GENERATION AND THE EXPOSED F(1) GENERATION. WHILE THERE WERE NO CHANGES DETECTED IN CYP3A65 RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYP3A65 AND MIR-142A. HSP70 EXPRESSION SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE F(1) GENERATION, WHICH PERSISTED TO THE F(2) GENERATION AND THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF HSP90 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN ALL GENERATIONS. THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN MIR-181C IN THE F(1) GENERATION, BUT THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIR-181C AND HSP90. FINALLY, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN PPARGC1A RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IN THE F(1) GENERATION WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN MIR-129. COMBINED, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT PARENTAL EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT STRESSORS CAN CONFER TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSES IN THE F(1) AND F(2) GENERATIONS, ALTHOUGH IDENTIFYING WHICH STRESSOR IS A DRIVING FORCE BECOMES UNCLEAR.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  4076 23 MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET MODIFIES EPIGENETIC MARKS H3K27ME3 AND H3K27AC IN BONE TO REGULATE OFFSPRING OSTEOBLASTOGENESIS IN MICE. STUDIES FROM BOTH HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS INDICATED THAT MATERNAL CHRONIC POOR-QUALITY DIET, ESPECIALLY A HIGH FAT DIET (HFD), IS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED BONE DENSITY AND CHILDHOOD FRACTURES IN OFFSPRING. WHEN PREVIOUSLY STUDIED IN A RAT MODEL, OUR DATA SUGGESTED THAT MATERNAL HFD CHANGES EPIGENETIC MARKS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS TO CONTROL OSTEOBLAST METABOLISM. IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC AND POSTNATAL OFFSPRING BONE SAMPLES, A CHIP-SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ)-BASED GENOME-WIDE METHOD WAS USED TO LOCATE THE REPRESSIVE HISTONE MARK H3K27ME3 (MEDIATED VIA THE POLYCOMB HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE, EZH2) AND EXPRESSIVE HISTONE MARK H3K27AC (P300/CBP MEDIATED) THROUGHOUT THE GENOME. USING ISOLATED MOUSE EMBRYONIC CELLS FROM FOETAL CALVARIA (OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS), H3K27ME3 CHIP-SEQ SHOWED THAT 147 GENE BODIES AND 26 GENE PROMOTERS IN HFD EMBRYOTIC SAMPLES HAD A GREATER THAN TWOFOLD INCREASE IN H3K27ME PEAKS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. AMONG THE HFD SAMPLES, PTHLH AND COL2A1 THAT ARE IMPORTANT GENES PLAYING ROLES DURING CHONDRO- AND OSTEOGENESIS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED LEVELS OF H3K27ME3. THEIR DECREASED MRNA EXPRESSION WAS CONFIRMED BY REAL-TIME PCR AND STANDARD CHIP ANALYSIS, INDICATING A STRONG ASSOCIATION WITH EZH2 MEDIATED H3K27ME3 EPIGENETIC CHANGES. USING EMBRYONIC CALVARIA OSTEOBLASTIC CELLS AND OFFSPRING BONE SAMPLES, H3K27AC CHIP-SEQ ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT OSTEOBLAST INHIBITOR GENES TNFAIP3 AND TWIST1 HAD SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED PEAKS OF H3K27AC IN HFD SAMPLES COMPARED TO CONTROLS. THEIR INCREASED GENE EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATION WITH H3K27AC WERE ALSO CONFIRMED BY REAL-TIME PCR AND STANDARD CHIP ANALYSIS. THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT CHRONIC MATERNAL HFD CHANGES HISTONE TRIMETHYLATION AND ACETYLATION EPIGENETIC MARKS TO REGULATE EXPRESSION OF GENES CONTROLLING OSTEOBLASTOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  3300 16 HIGH-FAT DIET REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF RAT SPERMATOZOA AND TRANSGENERATIONALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF FAT CONSTITUTES AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS THAT LEADS TO METABOLIC DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) TRANSGENERATIONALLY REMODELS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA AND METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. METHODS: F0-MALE RATS FED EITHER HFD OR CHOW DIET FOR 12 WEEKS WERE MATED WITH CHOW-FED DAMS TO GENERATE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING. MOTILE SPERMATOZOA WERE ISOLATED FROM F0 AND F1 BREEDERS TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA (SNCRNA) EXPRESSION PATTERN BY DEEP SEQUENCING. RESULTS: NEWBORN OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS HAD REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AND PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. ADULT FEMALE, BUT NOT MALE, OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS WERE GLUCOSE INTOLERANT AND RESISTANT TO HFD-INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN. THIS PHENOTYPE WAS PERPETUATED IN THE F2 PROGENY, INDICATING TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA FROM HFD-FED F0 AND THEIR F1 MALE OFFSPRING SHOWED COMMON DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF SPERM MIRNA LET-7C WAS PASSED DOWN TO METABOLIC TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING, INDUCING A TRANSCRIPTOMIC SHIFT OF THE LET-7C PREDICTED TARGETS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO MECHANISMS BY WHICH HFD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERM CELLS, THEREBY AFFECTING METABOLIC TISSUES OF OFFSPRING THROUGHOUT TWO GENERATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13   936 18 CHRONIC LOW-LEVEL PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE (PFOS) EXPOSURE PROMOTES TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS THROUGH ENHANCED HISTONE ACETYLATION. PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE (PFOS), AN ARTIFICIAL PERFLUORINATED COMPOUND, HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS. HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MEDIATORS; HOWEVER, THE IMPACT OF PFOS EXPOSURE ON TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS THROUGH HISTONE MODIFICATION REGULATIONS REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE ROLES OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN REGULATING STEROID HORMONE PRODUCTION IN MALE RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO LOW-LEVEL PFOS. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT PFOS EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED THE EXPRESSIONS OF STAR, CYP11A1 AND 3BETA-HSD, WHILE CYP17A1 AND 17BETA-HSD WERE DOWN-REGULATED, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ELEVATED PROGESTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, PFOS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE HISTONES H3K9ME2, H3K9AC AND H3K18AC WHILE REDUCED H3K9ME3 IN RAT TESTIS. IT IS KNOWN THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE CLOSELY INVOLVED IN GENE TRANSCRIPTION. THEREFORE, TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND STEROIDOGENIC GENE REGULATION, THE LEVELS OF THESE HISTONE MARKS WERE FURTHER MEASURED IN STEROIDOGENIC GENE PROMOTER REGIONS BY CHIP. IT WAS FOUND THAT H3K18AC WAS AUGMENTED IN CYP11A1 PROMOTER, AND H3K9AC WAS INCREASED IN HSD3B AFTER PFOS EXPOSURE, WHICH IS PROPOSED TO RESULT IN THE ACTIVATION OF CYP11A1 AND 3BETA-HSD, RESPECTIVELY. TO SUM UP, CHRONIC LOW-LEVEL PFOS EXPOSURE ACTIVATED KEY STEROIDOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH ENHANCING HISTONE ACETYLATION (H3K9AC AND H3K18AC), ULTIMATELY STIMULATING STEROID HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN RAT TESTIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14  6456 14 THYMOSIN BETA4 PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS IN ETHANOL- AND LPS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE. THYMOSIN BETA 4 (TBETA4), AN ACTIN-SEQUESTERING PROTEIN, IS INVOLVED IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION. IT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN SEVERAL TISSUES. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TBETA4 IN CHRONIC ETHANOL- AND ACUTE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- (LPS-) INDUCED MOUSE LIVER INJURY. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED 5% ETHANOL IN LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS PLUS BINGE ETHANOL (5 G/KG, GAVAGE) WITH OR WITHOUT LPS (2 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) FOR 6 HOURS. TBETA4 (1 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 1 WEEK. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TBETA4 PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN LIVER INJURY MARKERS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN LIVER PATHOLOGY. IT ALSO PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DECREASING ROS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION AND INCREASING THE ANTIOXIDANTS, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE AND MANGANESE-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. IT ALSO PREVENTED THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B BY BLOCKING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INHIBITORY PROTEIN, IKAPPAB, THEREBY PREVENTED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. MOREOVER, TBETA4 PREVENTED FIBROGENESIS BY SUPPRESSING THE EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR, METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2, THAT COORDINATELY REVERSED THE EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND DOWNREGULATED FIBROGENIC GENES, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN, COLLAGEN 1, AND FIBRONECTIN, RESULTING IN REDUCED FIBROSIS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT TBETA4 HAS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIFIBROTIC POTENTIAL DURING ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  2118 15 EPIGENETIC HISTONE METHYLATION OF PPARGAMMA AND CPT1A SIGNALING CONTRIBUTES TO BETAHISTINE PREVENTING OLANZAPINE-INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIA. AS A PARTIAL HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR AGONIST AND H3 ANTAGONIST, BETAHISTINE HAS BEEN REPORTED TO PARTIALLY PREVENT OLANZAPINE-INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIA AND OBESITY THROUGH A COMBINATION THERAPY, ALTHOUGH THE UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE STILL NOT KNOWN. RECENT STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT HISTONE REGULATION OF KEY GENES FOR LIPOGENESIS AND ADIPOGENESIS IN THE LIVER IS ONE OF THE CRUCIAL MECHANISMS FOR OLANZAPINE-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDERS. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC HISTONE REGULATION IN BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT PREVENTING DYSLIPIDEMIA AND FATTY LIVER CAUSED BY CHRONIC OLANZAPINE TREATMENT IN A RAT MODEL. IN ADDITION TO ABNORMAL LIPID METABOLISM, THE UPREGULATION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA (PPARGAMMA) AND CCAAT/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN (C/EBPALPHA), AS WELL AS THE DOWNREGULATION OF CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A) IN THE LIVER INDUCED BY OLANZAPINE, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BY BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME AND THE ENRICHMENT OF H3K4ME BINDING ON THE PROMOTER OF CPT1A GENE AS REVEALED BY CHIP-QPCR, BUT INHIBITED THE EXPRESSION OF ONE OF ITS SITE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASES, LYSINE (K)-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 1A (KDM1A). BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF H3K9ME AND THE ENRICHMENT OF H3K9ME BINDING ON THE PROMOTER OF THE PPARG GENE, BUT INHIBITED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO OF ITS SITE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASES, LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 4B (KDM4B) AND PHD FINGER PROTEIN 2 (PHF2). THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT BETAHISTINE ATTENUATES ABNORMAL ADIPOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS TRIGGERED BY OLANZAPINE THROUGH MODULATING HEPATIC HISTONE METHYLATION, AND THUS INHIBITING THE PPARGAMMA PATHWAY-MEDIATED LIPID STORAGE, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PROMOTING CP1A-MEDIATED FATTY ACID OXIDATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
16    73 14 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  4747 16 NOVEL MODULATORS OF HEPATOSTEATOSIS, INFLAMMATION AND FIBROGENESIS. ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS, INSTEAD OF BEING INNOCUOUS, PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN LIVER INFLAMMATION AND FIBROGENESIS. THE SEVERITY OF FATTY LIVER IS GOVERNED BY THE CONCERTED BALANCE BETWEEN LIPID TRANSPORT, SYNTHESIS, AND DEGRADATION. WHEREAS SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B, TYPE I (SR-B1) IS CRITICAL FOR REVERSE CHOLESTEROL UPTAKE BY THE LIVER, PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA (PPARGAMMA) COACTIVATOR-1ALPHA AND -BETA (PGC1ALPHA AND PGC1BETA) ARE CRITICAL FOR LIPID DEGRADATION AND SYNTHESIS, RESPECTIVELY. BECAUSE BETAINE IS A LIPOTROPIC AGENT, WE HAVE EVALUATED ITS EFFECTS ON ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS. BETAINE EFFECTIVELY PREVENTED CHRONIC ALCOHOL-MEDIATED (I) IMPAIRED SR-B1 GLYCOSYLATION, PLASMA MEMBRANE LOCALIZATION, AND CONSEQUENT IMPAIRED CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; AND (II) UP REGULATION OF PGC-1BETA, STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1C AND DOWNSTREAM LIPOGENIC GENES WITH CONCOMITANT INCREASED LIVER CHOLESTEROL, TRIGLYCERIDES AND HEPATIC LIPID SCORE. SIMILARLY, BECAUSE OF ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS IN OTHER ORGANS, WE EVALUATED THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THYMOSIN BETA4 (TBETA4) AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4)-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RAT. TBETA4 PREVENTED CCL4-INDUCED (I) NECROSIS, INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATION AND UP-REGULATION OF ALPHA1(2)COLLAGEN, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA (PDGF-BETA) RECEPTOR AND FIBRONECTIN MRNA EXPRESSION; (II) DOWN-REGULATION OF ADIPOGENIC GENE, PPARGAMMA AND THE UP-REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR GENE, METHYL CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) MRNA LEVELS, SUGGESTING THAT THE ANTI-FIBROGENIC ACTIONS OF TBETA4 INVOLVE THE PREVENTION OF TRANS-DIFFERENTIATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS INTO MYO-FIBROBLASTS LARGELY BY UP-REGULATING PPARGAMMA AND BY DOWN-REGULATING MECP2 GENES. WE THEREFORE CONCLUDE THAT BETAINE AND TBETA4 CAN EFFECTIVELY PROTECT AGAINST ALCOHOLIC HEPATOSTEATOSIS AND HEPATIC FIBROGENESIS, RESPECTIVELY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
18  1839 13 EFFECTS OF PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN OFFSPRING RATS AND ITS HEREDITABILITY. PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE (PNE) COULD INDUCE AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULT OFFSPRING, THAT MAINLY CAUSED BY INTRAUTERINE MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) OVER-EXPOSURE. WE INVESTIGATED THE CHANGES AND INHERITABILITY OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM CAUSED BY PNE, TO DECIPHER THE POSSIBLE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING MECHANISM. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH 2 MG/KG.D NICOTINE FROM GESTATIONAL DAY (GD) 9 APPROXIMATELY 20, AND SECOND-GENERATION (F2) WERE SET ACCORDING TO THE MATING BETWEEN CONTROL FEMALES AND PNE MALES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN F1 FETAL RATS OF PNE BUT HIGHER IN THE F1 ADULT RATS. MEANWHILE, THE ACTIVATED STATES OF HEPATIC GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM, INCLUDING TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES (HSD11B1/2), NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 3, GROUP C, MEMBER 1 (NR3C1) AND CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA (CEBPA), WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS BUT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE HISTONE ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) AND EXPRESSION LEVELS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH. FURTHERMORE, SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN BOTH F2 FETAL AND ADULT RATS OF PNE, WHICH WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE HEPATIC CHANGES OF GC-IGF1 AXIS AND THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM. IN CONCLUSION, PNE COULD LEAD TO INHERITABLE CHANGES OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM, WHICH ARE RELATED TO THE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF GC-IGF1 AXIS INDUCED BY THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
19  3815 19 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING MECHANISM FOR HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN PRENATAL CAFFEINE-EXPOSED FEMALE ADULT RAT OFFSPRING. CLINICAL AND ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE INDICATED THAT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED DISEASES HAVE INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES SHOWED THAT PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE (PCE) LED TO FETAL OVEREXPOSURE TO MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS (GCS) AND INCREASED SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN ADULT RAT OFFSPRING. THIS STUDY FURTHER CONFIRMS THE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF PCE-INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN FEMALE ADULT RAT OFFSPRING. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE INTRAGASTRICALLY ADMINISTERED CAFFEINE (30, 60, AND 120 MG/KG/D) FROM GESTATIONAL DAY (GD)9 TO 20. FEMALE RAT OFFSPRING WERE EUTHANIZED AT GD20 AND POSTNATAL WK 12; SEVERAL ADULT RAT OFFSPRING WERE ADDITIONALLY SUBJECTED TO ICE-WATER SWIMMING STIMULATION TO INDUCE CHRONIC STRESS PRIOR TO DEATH. THE EFFECTS OF GCS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION WERE VERIFIED USING THE L02 CELL LINE. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PCE INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN ADULT OFFSPRING, WHICH MANIFESTED AS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND LDL CHOLESTEROL (LDL-C) AS WELL AS HIGHER RATIOS OF LDL-C/HDL CHOLESTEROL. WE FURTHER FOUND THAT THE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS WERE INCREASED IN FETAL LIVERS BUT WERE DECREASED IN FETAL BLOOD, ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED MATERNAL BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND REDUCED PLACENTAL CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT. FURTHERMORE, ANALYSIS OF PCE OFFSPRING IN THE UTERUS AND IN A POSTNATAL BASAL/CHRONIC STRESS STATE AND THE RESULTS OF IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT HEPATIC CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM UNDERWENT GC-DEPENDENT CHANGES AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CHOLESTEROL SYNTHASE VIA ABNORMALITIES IN 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE (HMGCR) HISTONE ACETYLATION. WE CONCLUDED THAT, TO COMPENSATE FOR INTRAUTERINE PLACENTALLY DERIVED DECREASES IN FETAL BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, HIGH INTRAUTERINE GC LEVELS ACTIVATED FETAL HEPATIC CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SIGNALING AND DOWN-REGULATED SIRTUIN1 EXPRESSION, WHICH MEDIATED THE HIGH LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ( VIA H3K9AC AND H3K14AC) AND EXPRESSION OF HMGCR. THIS GC-DEPENDENT CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM PROGRAMMING EFFECT WAS SUSTAINED THROUGH ADULTHOOD, LEADING TO THE OCCURRENCE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA.-XU, D., LUO, H. W., HU, W., HU, S. W., YUAN, C., WANG, G. H., ZHANG, L., YU, H., MAGDALOU, J., CHEN, L. B., WANG, H. INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING MECHANISM FOR HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN PRENATAL CAFFEINE-EXPOSED FEMALE ADULT RAT OFFSPRING.	2018	

20  5187 12 PRENATAL AIRBORNE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EXPOSURE, ALTERED REGULATION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA (PPAR)GAMMA, AND LINKS WITH MAMMARY CANCER. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DISEASE OUTCOMES THROUGH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS INCLUDING ALTERED REGULATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA (PPAR) GAMMA. BECAUSE PAH EXPOSURE AND PPARGAMMA EACH HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MAMMARY CANCER, WE ASKED WHETHER PAH WOULD INDUCE ALTERED REGULATION OF PPARGAMMA IN MAMMARY TISSUE, AND WHETHER THIS ASSOCIATION MAY UNDERLIE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PAH AND MAMMARY CANCER. PREGNANT MICE WERE EXPOSED TO AEROSOLIZED PAH AT PROPORTIONS THAT MIMIC EQUIVALENT HUMAN EXPOSURES IN NEW YORK CITY AIR. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PRENATAL PAH EXPOSURE WOULD ALTER PPARGAMMA DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCE THE EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT) IN MAMMARY TISSUE OF OFFSPRING (F1) AND GRANDOFFSPRING (F2) MICE. WE ALSO HYPOTHESIZED THAT ALTERED REGULATION OF PPARGAMMA IN MAMMARY TISSUE WOULD ASSOCIATE WITH BIOMARKERS OF EMT, AND EXAMINED ASSOCIATIONS WITH WHOLE BODY WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT PRENATAL PAH EXPOSURE LOWERED PPARGAMMA MAMMARY TISSUE METHYLATION AMONG GRANDOFFSPRING MICE AT POSTNATAL DAY (PND) 28. HOWEVER, PAH EXPOSURE DID NOT ASSOCIATE WITH ALTERED PPARGAMMA GENE EXPRESSION OR CONSISTENTLY WITH BIOMARKERS OF EMT. FINALLY, LOWER PPARGAMMA METHYLATION, BUT NOT GENE EXPRESSION, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER BODY WEIGHT AMONG OFFSPRING AND GRANDOFFSPRING MICE AT PND28 AND PND60. FINDINGS SUGGEST ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE OF MULTI-GENERATIONAL ADVERSE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF PRENATAL PAH EXPOSURE AMONG GRANDOFFSPRING MICE.	2023