1   863 147 CHROMODOMAIN Y-LIKE PROTEIN-MEDIATED HISTONE CROTONYLATION REGULATES STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. BACKGROUND: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS A PREVALENT AND LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS IN MODERN SOCIETY. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS STRESSFUL LIFESTYLE OR TRAUMATIC EVENTS, WHICH COULD IMPOSE MALADAPTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN ELUSIVE. HERE, WE EXAMINED THE ROLE OF HISTONE CROTONYLATION, A NOVEL TYPE OF HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND CHROMODOMAIN Y-LIKE PROTEIN (CDYL), A CROTONYL-COENZYME A HYDRATASE AND HISTONE METHYLLYSINE READER, IN THIS PROCESS. METHODS: WE USED CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS AND MICRODEFEAT STRESS TO EXAMINE THE DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. IN ADDITION, WE COMBINED PROCEDURES THAT DIAGNOSE BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY IN MALE MICE WITH HISTONE EXTRACTION, VIRAL-MEDIATED CDYL MANIPULATIONS, RNA SEQUENCING, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, WESTERN BLOT, AND MESSENGER RNA QUANTIFICATION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE RODENTS EXHIBIT LOWER LEVELS OF HISTONE CROTONYLATION IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX CONCURRENT WITH SELECTIVE UPREGULATION OF CDYL. OVEREXPRESSION OF CDYL IN THE PRELIMBIC CORTEX, A SUBREGION OF THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX, INCREASES MICRODEFEAT-INDUCED SOCIAL AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS AND ANHEDONIA IN MICE. CONVERSELY, KNOCKDOWN OF CDYL IN THE PRELIMBIC CORTEX PREVENTS CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. MECHANISTICALLY, WE SHOW THAT CDYL INHIBITS STRUCTURAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY MAINLY BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION OF NEUROPEPTIDE VGF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR INDUCIBLE, AND THIS ACTIVITY IS DEPENDENT ON ITS DUAL EFFECT ON HISTONE CROTONYLATION AND H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION ON THE VGF PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CDYL-MEDIATED HISTONE CROTONYLATION PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN REGULATING STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION, PROVIDING A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  3647  28 INCREASED REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH GRANULE CELL DISPERSION IN HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS (MTS) IS THE MOST COMMON LESION IN CHRONIC, INTRACTABLE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSIES (TLE) AND CHARACTERIZED BY SEGMENTAL NEURONAL CELL LOSS IN MAJOR HIPPOCAMPAL SEGMENTS. ANOTHER HISTOPATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK INCLUDES GRANULE CELL DISPERSION (GCD), AN ARCHITECTURAL DISTURBANCE OF THE DENTATE GYRUS ENCOUNTERED IN APPROXIMATELY 50% OF PATIENTS WITH MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS. REELIN, WHICH PLAYS A KEY ROLE DURING HIPPOCAMPAL DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF LAMINAR ORGANIZATION, IS SYNTHESIZED AND RELEASED BY CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS OF THE DENTATE MOLECULAR LAYER, AND PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT REELIN TRANSCRIPT LEVELS ARE DOWNREGULATED IN HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSIES SPECIMENS. TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER EPIGENETIC SILENCING BY REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION MAY BE AN UNDERLYING PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM OF GCD, DNA WAS HARVESTED FROM 3 MICRODISSECTED HIPPOCAMPAL SUBREGIONS (I.E. MOLECULAR AND GRANULE CELL LAYERS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS AND PRESUBICULUM) FROM 8 MTS SPECIMENS WITH GCD, 5 TLE SAMPLES WITHOUT GCD, AND 3 AUTOPSY CONTROLS. PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED AFTER BISULFITE TREATMENT, CLONING, AND DIRECT SEQUENCING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS. REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS FOUND TO BE GREATER IN TLE SPECIMENS THAN IN CONTROLS; PROMOTER METHYLATION CORRELATED WITH GCD AMONG TLE SPECIMENS (P < 0.0002). NO OTHER CLINICAL OR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETER (I.E. SEX, AGE, SEIZURE DURATION, MEDICATION OR EXTENT, OF MTS) CORRELATED WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION. THESE DATA SUPPORT A COMPROMISED REELIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY AND IDENTIFY PROMOTER METHYLATION AS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF TLE.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  2826  40 FLUOXETINE EPIGENETICALLY ALTERS THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS TO REGULATE DELTAFOSB BINDING AND ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS. CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS IN MICE PRODUCES A SUSCEPTIBLE PHENOTYPE CHARACTERIZED BY SEVERAL BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES CONSISTENT WITH HUMAN DEPRESSION THAT ARE REVERSED BY CHRONIC BUT NOT ACUTE EXPOSURE TO ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS. RECENT WORK IN ADDICTION MODELS DEMONSTRATES THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB AND PROTEIN KINASE CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II (CAMKII) ARE CO-REGULATED IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REWARD REGION IMPLICATED IN BOTH ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION MODELS INCLUDING SOCIAL DEFEAT. PREVIOUS WORK HAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED IN NAC AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR AFTER CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT, WHEREIN IT MEDIATES A PRO-RESILIENCE OR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE PHENOTYPE. HERE, USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS, WE FOUND THAT DELTAFOSB BINDS THE CAMKIIALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN NAC AND THAT THIS BINDING INCREASES AFTER MICE ARE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. PARADOXICALLY, CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE REDUCES BINDING OF DELTAFOSB TO THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER AND REDUCES CAMKII EXPRESSION IN NAC, DESPITE THE FACT THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. THESE DATA SUGGEST A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION, WHEREBY FLUOXETINE INDUCES SOME CHROMATIN CHANGE AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER, WHICH BLOCKS THE DELTAFOSB BINDING. INDEED, CHRONIC FLUOXETINE REDUCES ACETYLATION AND INCREASES LYSINE-9 DIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NAC, EFFECTS ALSO SEEN IN DEPRESSED HUMANS EXPOSED TO ANTIDEPRESSANTS. OVEREXPRESSION OF CAMKII IN NAC BLOCKS FLUOXETINE'S ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS IN THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT PARADIGM, WHEREAS INHIBITION OF CAMKII ACTIVITY IN NAC MIMICS FLUOXETINE EXPOSURE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF CAMKIIALPHA EXPRESSION IN NAC IS BEHAVIORALLY RELEVANT AND OFFER A NOVEL PATHWAY FOR POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN DEPRESSION AND RELATED SYNDROMES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4  1197  33 CORTICOSTERONE INDUCES DISCRETE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS THAT DEPEND UPON SEX AND GENOTYPE: FOCUS ON METHYLATED NR3C1 GENE. THE GENOMIC EFFECTS OF CIRCULATING GLUCOCORTICOIDS ARE PARTICULARLY RELEVANT IN CORTICO-LIMBIC STRUCTURES, WHICH EXPRESS A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS. TO DATE, NO STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED GENOMIC DIFFERENCES IN HIPPOCAMPAL SUBREGIONS, NAMELY THE DORSAL (DHPC) AND VENTRAL (VHPC) HIPPOCAMPUS, IN PRECLINICAL MODELS TREATED WITH EXOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS. CHRONIC ORAL CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) IN MOUSE IS A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH THAT DISRUPTS THE ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS, INCREASES AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR, AND INDUCES GENOMIC CHANGES AFTER STRESS IN THE HPC OF WILDTYPE (WT) MICE AND MICE HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE GENE CODING FOR BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR VAL66MET (HMET), A VARIANT ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STRESS. USING RNA-SEQUENCING, WE INVESTIGATED THE GENOMIC SIGNATURES OF ORAL CORT IN THE DHPC AND VHPC OF WT AND HMET MALE AND FEMALE MICE, AND EXAMINED SEX AND GENOTYPE DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO ORAL CORT. MALES UNDER CORT SHOWED LOWER GLYCEMIA AND INCREASED ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR COMPARED TO FEMALES THAT SHOWED INSTEAD OPPOSITE AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO CORT. RANK-RANK-HYPERGEOMETRIC OVERLAP (RRHO) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY GENES FROM A CONTINUOUS GRADIENT OF SIGNIFICANCY THAT WERE CONCORDANT ACROSS GROUPS. RRHO SHOWED THAT CORT-INDUCED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) IN WT MICE AND HMET MICE CONVERGED IN THE DHPC OF MALES AND FEMALES, WHILE IN THE VHPC, DEGS CONVERGED IN MALES AND DIVERGED IN FEMALES. THE VHPC SHOWED A HIGHER NUMBER OF DEGS COMPARED TO THE DHPC AND EXHIBITED SEX DIFFERENCES RELATED TO GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR)-BINDING GENES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS. METHYL-DNA-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION IN THE VHPC REVEALED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF THE EXONS 1(C) AND 1(F) OF THE GR GENE (NR3C1) IN HMET FEMALES. TOGETHER, WE REPORT BEHAVIORAL AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO CORT, AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES THAT I) DIFFER IN THE DHPC AND VHPC,II) ARE DISTINCT IN MALES AND FEMALES, AND III) IMPLICATE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF NR3C1 SELECTIVELY IN HMET FEMALES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5  6108  41 THE ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT AMELIORATES CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MIR-134 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HIPPOCAMPUS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN HUMANS. ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT (EE) SHOWED A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITION BY ENHANCING BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, IT IS STILL NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD WHETHER AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE BDNF MODULATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY THAT OCCURS AFTER EE TREATMENT FOR THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS ELICITED BY CUMS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EE. METHODS: ALL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO THE 5-WEEK CUMS PROCEDURE EXCEPT THE CONTROL GROUP. AFTER CUMS PROCEDURE, SOME RATS WERE STEREOTAXICALLY INJECTED WITH SIRT1 PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITOR EX527 OR SIRT1 KNOCKING DOWN LENTIVIRUS (SH-SIRT1) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS FOLLOWED BY EE TREATMENT FOR 3 WEEKS. OTHER RATS WERE DIRECTLY SUBJECTED TO EE TREATMENT WITHOUT STEREOTAXIC INJECTION. BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO APPRAISE DEPRESSION AND COGNITION AFTER EE TREATMENT. THEN EPIGENETIC MOLECULES, SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCHES, AND SYNAPTIC MORPHOLOGY OF THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS WERE DETERMINED. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INCLUDING DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE RATIO, PROLONGED IMMOBILITY AND REDUCED LOCOMOTOR AND EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS INCLUDING SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; REDUCED DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND NUMBER OF BRANCHES; THINNED POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; DOWNREGULATED SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, DECREASED BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. HOWEVER, THE CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, COGNITIVE DEFICITS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCH NUMBER REDUCTION, POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY THINNING, SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY DOWNREGULATION, BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS REDUCTION, INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95), WERE REVERSED BY EE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS WERE OBSERVED AGAIN IN RATS SUBJECTED TO STEREOTAXIC INJECTION WITH EX527 OR SH-SIRT1. FURTHERMORE, THIS STUDY ALSO FOUND THAT SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 REGULATES THE DOWNSTREAM MOLECULES BDNF, AND THE SYNAPTIC PROTEINS SYN AND PSD95 IN PRIMARY CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THE NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF EE ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, INCLUDING BDNF, PSD95 AND SYN, DENDRITIC REMODELING AND ULTRASTRUCTURE CHANGES OF SYNAPSES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS.	2019	

6  2325  42 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL FOSB EXPRESSION CONTROLS BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO COCAINE. DRUG ADDICTION RESULTS IN PART FROM MALADAPTIVE LEARNING, INCLUDING THE FORMATION OF STRONG ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE DRUG AND THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, DRUG-INDUCED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION UNDERLYING THE SALIENCY OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED. CONSOLIDATION OF EXPLICIT MEMORIES OCCURS WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND WE HAVE SHOWN THAT SPATIAL LEARNING INDUCES EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND THAT THIS INDUCTION IS CRITICAL FOR LEARNING. DRUGS OF ABUSE ALSO UPREGULATE DELTAFOSB IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT THE MECHANISM OF ITS INDUCTION BY COCAINE AND ITS ROLE IN HIPPOCAMPUS-DEPENDENT COCAINE RESPONSES IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED DIFFERENCES IN MOUSE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPAL DELTAFOSB EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE, BECAUSE THESE REGIONS APPEAR TO REGULATE DISTINCT COCAINE-RELATED BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT COCAINE-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF DELTAFOSB WAS SUBREGION-SPECIFIC, AND THAT DELTAFOSB TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY IN BOTH THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS IS NECESSARY FOR COCAINE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE. FURTHER, WE CHARACTERIZE CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT THE FOSB PROMOTER IN HIPPOCAMPUS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE AND FOUND THAT LOCUS-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR FOSB INDUCTION AND MULTIPLE HIPPOCAMPUS-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING COCAINE PLACE PREFERENCE. COLLECTIVELY, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT EXPOSURE TO COCAINE INDUCES HISTONE MODIFICATION AT THE HIPPOCAMPAL FOSB GENE PROMOTER TO CAUSE DELTAFOSB INDUCTION CRITICAL FOR COCAINE-RELATED LEARNING.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT ALTHOUGH COCAINE ADDICTION IS DRIVEN IN PART BY THE FORMATION OF INDELIBLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE DRUG AND THE ENVIRONMENT, PARAPHERNALIA, AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF USE, AND ALTHOUGH THIS TYPE OF ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IS DEPENDENT UPON CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN A BRAIN REGION CALLED THE HIPPOCAMPUS, THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH COCAINE ALTERS HIPPOCAMPAL GENE EXPRESSION TO DRIVE FORMATION OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC COCAINE ENGAGES LOCUS-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE EPIGENETIC PROFILE OF THE FOSB GENE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND THAT THESE ALTERATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR COCAINE-DEPENDENT GENE EXPRESSION AND COCAINE-ENVIRONMENT ASSOCIATIONS. THIS WORK PROVIDES NOVEL INSIGHT INTO ADDICTION ETIOLOGY AND POTENTIAL INROADS FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN COCAINE ADDICTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
7  3177  40 H3K9ME2 REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX IS INVOLVED IN THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE INDUCED BY MATERNAL SEPARATION IN MALE RATS. BACKGROUND: EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) INDUCES A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE AND INCREASES THE RISK OF DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN CONFIRMED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH ELS ALTERS THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF AND CHANGES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CLARIFIED. METHODS: THE PRESENT STUDY USED MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) AND CHRONIC UNPREDICTED MILD STRESS (CUMS) TO ESTABLISH AN MS ANIMAL MODEL AND A DEPRESSIVE ANIMAL MODEL. WE ASSESSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS, INCLUDING ANHEDONIA, LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, AND SPATIAL MEMORY, USING THE SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, THE OPEN FIELD TEST, THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST, AND THE MORRIS WATER MAZE TEST. WE ALSO INVESTIGATED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WESTERN BLOTTING, AND QPCR ANALYSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE USED UNC0642, A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE (G9A), AS AN INTERVENTION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS IN RATS AND RESULTED IN INCREASED H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION AND DECREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. MORE IMPORTANTLY, ADULT MS RATS EXPERIENCING CUMS HAD MORE SEVERE DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS, HAD HIGHER EXPRESSION OF H3K9ME2 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC, AND HAD LOWER EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. IN ADDITION, ADMINISTRATION OF THE G9A INHIBITOR REVERSED MOST OF THE CHANGES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT ELS CHANGED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE RAT BRAIN, RESULTING IN A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  5749  28 SOCIAL DEFEAT INDUCES CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE STRESS RESPONSE OR RESILIENCE TO CHRONIC STRESS. WE INVESTIGATED HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SEVEN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS: THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC), VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (VHPC), MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA), LOCUS COERULEUS (LC), PARAVENTRICULAR THALAMUS (PVT), AND DORSAL RAPHE (DR) NUCLEUS. THIS STRESS PARADIGM WAS UNIQUE IN THAT IT ALLOWED RATS TO DISPLAY RESILIENCE IN THE FORM OF AN ACTIVE COPING MECHANISM. WE FOUND THAT THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN ACETYLATION OF H3K9/14 (H3K9/14AC) AND BULK ACETYLATION OF H4K5,8,12,16 (H4K5,8,12,16AC) IN THE DR NUCLEUS OF RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT. LESS RESILIENT RATS ALSO DISPLAYED INCREASED LEVELS OF H3K18 ACETYLATION (H3K18AC) IN THE MPFC WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. IN THE VHPC, THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN H3K18AC AND H4K12 (H4K12AC) IN RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROL RATS. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS A DECREASE IN LEVELS OF H4K8 ACETYLATION (H4K8AC) IN BOTH RESILIENT AND NON-RESILIENT RATS AS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. WE ASSESSED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VHPC AND THE MPFC USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AND FOUND CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF TARGETS. THESE INCLUDED CHANGES IN SIRT1 AND SIRT2 IN THE VHPC AND CHANGES IN KAT5 IN THE MPFC. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THESE REGIONS CORRELATE WITH THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN SOCIALLY DEFEATED RATS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9   775  38 CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC WHOLE-GENOME LANDSCAPE OF DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. BACKGROUND: THE ABILITY OF NEURONS TO RESPOND TO EXTERNAL STIMULI INVOLVES ADAPTATIONS OF GENE EXPRESSION. INDUCTION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION. HOWEVER, A COMPREHENSIVE MAP OF DELTAFOSB'S GENE TARGETS HAS NOT YET BEEN GENERATED. METHODS: WE USED CUT&RUN (CLEAVAGE UNDER TARGETS AND RELEASE USING NUCLEASE) TO MAP THE GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE 2 MAIN TYPES OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONS-D1 OR D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS-AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. TO ANNOTATE GENOMIC REGIONS OF DELTAFOSB BINDING SITES, WE ALSO EXAMINED THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEVERAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. RESULTING DATASETS WERE LEVERAGED FOR MULTIPLE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES. RESULTS: THE MAJORITY OF DELTAFOSB PEAKS OCCUR OUTSIDE PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING INTERGENIC REGIONS, AND ARE SURROUNDED BY EPIGENETIC MARKS INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE ENHANCERS. BRG1, THE CORE SUBUNIT OF THE SWI/SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX, OVERLAPS WITH DELTAFOSB PEAKS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH EARLIER STUDIES OF DELTAFOSB'S INTERACTING PROTEINS. CHRONIC COCAINE USE INDUCES BROAD CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN BOTH D1 AND D2 NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE. IN ADDITION, IN SILICO ANALYSES PREDICT THAT DELTAFOSB COOPERATIVELY REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION WITH HOMEOBOX AND T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE NOVEL FINDINGS UNCOVER KEY ELEMENTS OF DELTAFOSB'S MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AT BASELINE AND IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF DELTAFOSB'S COLLABORATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND CHROMATIN PARTNERS SPECIFICALLY IN D1 AND D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS WILL REVEAL A BROADER PICTURE OF THE FUNCTION OF DELTAFOSB AND THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DRUG ADDICTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  5219  36 PREVIOUS HISTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS CHANGES THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO GLUCOCORTICOID CHALLENGE IN THE DENTATE GYRUS REGION OF THE MALE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. CHRONIC STRESS IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES, SUCH AS DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOSIS. IN RESPONSE TO STRESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS (GCS) ARE SECRETED THAT BIND TO MINERALOCORTICOID AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS, LIGAND-ACTIVATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT REGULATE THE TRANSCRIPTION OF GENE NETWORKS IN THE BRAIN NECESSARY FOR COPING WITH STRESS, RECOVERY, AND ADAPTATION. CHRONIC STRESS PARTICULARLY AFFECTS THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG) SUBREGION OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS, CAUSING SEVERAL FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES WITH CONSEQUENCES FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY, WHICH ARE LIKELY ADAPTIVE BUT AT THE SAME TIME MAKE DG NEURONS MORE VULNERABLE TO SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE OF DG NEURONS TO A GC CHALLENGE IN MALE RATS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS). AN INTRIGUING FINDING OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS THAT HAVING A HISTORY OF CRS HAD PROFOUND CONSEQUENCES FOR THE SUBSEQUENT RESPONSE TO ACUTE GC CHALLENGE, DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL HUNDREDS OF GENES IN THE DG COMPARED WITH CHALLENGED NONSTRESSED CONTROL ANIMALS. THIS ENDURING EFFECT OF PREVIOUS STRESS EXPOSURE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES MAY BE INVOLVED. IN LINE WITH THIS, CRS INDEED AFFECTED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL GENES INVOLVED IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, INCLUDING ASF1, ASH1L, HIST1H3F, AND TP63. THE DATA PRESENTED HERE INDICATE THAT CRS ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO A SUBSEQUENT GC INJECTION. WE PROPOSE THAT THIS ALTERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL POTENTIAL FORMS PART OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ENHANCED VULNERABILITY FOR STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS LIKE DEPRESSION CAUSED BY CHRONIC STRESS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11  2827  32 FLUOXETINE INCREASES HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC FACTORS BUT DOES NOT IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. THE SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR FLUOXETINE INDUCES HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS, STIMULATES MATURATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS, AND REDUCES MOTOR/SENSORY AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS IN SEVERAL CNS DISORDERS. IN THE SETTING OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI), ITS EFFECTS ON NEUROPLASTICITY AND FUNCTION HAVE YET TO BE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED. HERE WE EXAMINED THE EFFICACY OF FLUOXETINE AFTER A MODERATE TO SEVERE TBI, PRODUCED BY A CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT. THREE DAYS AFTER TBI OR SHAM SURGERY, MICE WERE TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE (10 MG/KG/D) OR VEHICLE FOR 4 WEEKS. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF FLUOXETINE ON NEUROPLASTICITY, HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION WERE STUDIED. STEREOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN DOUBLECORTIN-POSITIVE CELLS IN BRAIN-INJURED ANIMALS TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE RELATIVE TO CONTROLS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH ENHANCED HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING AN INCREASE IN HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION AND INDUCTION OF METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION, WERE LIKEWISE SEEN BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND QUANTITATIVE WESTERN IMMUNOBLOTS, RESPECTIVELY, IN BRAIN-INJURED ANIMALS TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE. TO DETERMINE IF FLUOXETINE IMPROVES NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOMES AFTER TBI, GAIT FUNCTION AND SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY WERE ASSESSED BY THE CATWALK-ASSISTED GAIT TEST AND BARNES MAZE TEST, RESPECTIVELY. NO DIFFERENCES IN THESE PARAMETERS WERE SEEN BETWEEN FLUOXETINE- AND VEHICLE-TREATED ANIMALS. THUS WHILE FLUOXETINE ENHANCED NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER TBI, ITS CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION DID NOT RESTORE LOCOMOTOR FUNCTION OR AMELIORATE MEMORY DEFICITS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12  6388  40 THE ROLE OF SIRT1 IN THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA IN DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS HAVE IMPLICATED THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA) EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. SIRT1 IS A NAD+-DEPENDENT CLASS III HISTONE DEACETYLASE, WIDELY EXPRESSES IN BLA. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE BLA UNDER THE REGULATION OF SIRT1 IN THE DEPRESSION ARE LARGELY UNCHARACTERIZED. UNDER THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CUMS) MOUSE MODEL, WE USED ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRAL VECTORS (AAV) THAT ENCODED SIRT1-SHRNA OR SIRT1 TO SPECIFICALLY KNOCKDOWN OR OVEREXPRESS SIRT1 IN BLA NEURONS, RESPECTIVELY. CUMS PROCEDURE INDUCED SIGNIFICANT DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS INCLUDING THE DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE, THE LESS BODYWEIGHT GAINED, THE DECREASED IMMOBILE LATENCY AND THE INCREASED IMMOBILE TIME BOTH IN FORCED SWIM TEST (FST) AND TAIL SUSPENSION TEST (TST). KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 IN BLA GLUTAMATERGIC NEURONS REVERSED THESE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND RESTORED THE SYNAPTIC ABNORMALITIES. OVEREXPRESSION OF SIRT1 IN BLA GLUTAMATERGIC NEURONS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN NON-STRESSED CONTROL MICE. THE RESULT OF PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE BEHAVIORAL RESULTS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTED THAT DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 IN BLA HAS CERTAIN BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS SUCH AS ANOREXIA, ANHEDONIA, HOPELESSNESS AND DESPAIR. IN ADDITION, THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 MAY BE THE IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE SYMPTOMS. THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 MAY AFFECT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION MECHANISM AND SIGNALING PROTEIN ACETYLATION, AFFECTING NEUROPLASTICITY AND ULTIMATELY CONTRIBUTE TO MDD. IN THE STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE, THESE TWO MECHANISMS MAY CO-EXIST, BUT THE SPECIFIC MECHANISM NEEDS FURTHER RESEARCH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  3314  39 HIPPOCAMPAL CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTORS ARE MODULATED FOLLOWING COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN MALE RATS. COCAINE ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY INDUCING LONG-TERM NEUROPLASTIC CHANGES THAT, IN TURN, CONTRIBUTE TO MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS. THIS BEHAVIORAL DYSREGULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING IN BRAIN REWARD CIRCUITRY, ALTHOUGH THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THIS MODULATION REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ENDOGENOUS CANNABINOID SYSTEM MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THIS PROCESS IN THAT CANNABINOID MECHANISMS MODULATE DRUG REWARD AND CONTRIBUTE TO COCAINE-INDUCED NEURAL ADAPTATIONS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION INDUCES LONG-TERM ADAPTATIONS, INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. WE FIRST EXAMINED ENDOCANNABINOID GENE EXPRESSION IN REWARD-RELATED BRAIN REGIONS OF THE RAT FOLLOWING SELF-ADMINISTERED (0.33 MG/KG INTRAVENOUS, FR1, 10 DAYS) COCAINE INJECTIONS. INTERESTINGLY, WE FOUND INCREASED CNR1 EXPRESSION IN SEVERAL STRUCTURES, INCLUDING PREFRONTAL CORTEX, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, DORSAL STRIATUM, HIPPOCAMPUS, HABENULA, AMYGDALA, LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS, VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA, AND ROSTROMEDIAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS, WITH MOST PRONOUNCED EFFECTS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS, MEASURED BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, WERE ALSO ALTERED IN THIS STRUCTURE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY QPCR IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS REVEALED THAT TWO ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS, H3K4ME3 AND H3K27AC, WERE ENRICHED AT SPECIFIC ENDOCANNABINOID GENES FOLLOWING COCAINE INTAKE. TARGETING CB1 RECEPTORS USING CHROMOSOME CONFORMATION CAPTURE, WE HIGHLIGHTED SPATIAL CHROMATIN RE-ORGANIZATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AS WELL AS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, SUGGESTING THAT DESTABILIZATION OF THE CHROMATIN MAY CONTRIBUTE TO NEURONAL RESPONSES TO COCAINE. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS HIGHLIGHT A KEY ROLE FOR THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN COCAINE-INDUCED PLASTICITY AND BROADEN THE UNDERSTANDING OF NEURONAL ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALING. THE LATTER SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DRUG USE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14   869  32 CHRONIC AGOMELATINE TREATMENT CORRECTS BEHAVIORAL, CELLULAR, AND BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY PRENATAL STRESS IN RATS. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: THE RAT MODEL OF PRENATAL RESTRAINT STRESS (PRS) REPLICATES FACTORS THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF ANXIOUS/DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS. WE USED THIS MODEL TO TEST THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF AGOMELATINE, A NOVEL ANTIDEPRESSANT THAT BEHAVES AS A MIXED MT1/MT2 MELATONIN RECEPTOR AGONIST/5-HT(2C) SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. RESULTS: ADULT PRS RATS SHOWED BEHAVIORAL, CELLULAR, AND BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES THAT WERE CONSISTENT WITH AN ANXIOUS/DEPRESSIVE PHENOTYPE. THESE INCLUDED AN INCREASED IMMOBILITY IN THE FORCED SWIM TEST, AN ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, REDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL LEVELS OF PHOSPHORYLATED CAMP-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (P-CREB), REDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL LEVELS OF MGLU2/3 AND MGLU5 METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS, AND REDUCED NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS, THE SPECIFIC PORTION OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS THAT ENCODES MEMORIES RELATED TO STRESS AND EMOTIONS. ALL OF THESE CHANGES WERE REVERSED BY A 3- OR 6-WEEK TREATMENT WITH AGOMELATINE (40-50 MG/KG, I.P., ONCE A DAY). REMARKABLY, AGOMELATINE HAD NO EFFECT IN AGE-MATCHED CONTROL RATS, THEREBY BEHAVING AS A "DISEASE-DEPENDENT" DRUG. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA INDICATE THAT AGOMELATINE DID NOT ACT ON INDIVIDUAL SYMPTOMS BUT CORRECTED ALL ASPECTS OF THE PATHOLOGICAL EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING TRIGGERED BY PRS. OUR FINDINGS STRONGLY SUPPORT THE ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF AGOMELATINE AND SUGGEST THAT THE DRUG IMPACTS MECHANISMS THAT LIE AT THE CORE OF ANXIOUS/DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15   431  34 ANTIDEPRESSANT ADMINISTRATION MODULATES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE EXPRESSION IN RAT PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS. STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT CAN MODULATE DNA METHYLATION IN PROMOTER REGION OF GENES RELATED TO NEUROPLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION, THUS IMPLICATING THIS EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN DEPRESSION NEUROBIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. ACCORDINGLY, SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) INHIBITORS INDUCES ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN RODENTS. DNA METHYLATION IS CONVEYED BY DNMT 1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS, WHICH ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN. IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE IF THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS INDUCED BY ACUTE AND REPEATED ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT ON DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION (1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS) IN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO A STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION, THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS (LH). THEREFORE, RATS WERE EXPOSED TO PRETEST AND TREATED WITH ONE OR SEVEN INJECTIONS OF VEHICLE OR IMIPRAMINE (15 MG KG(-1)), WITH TEST SESSION PERFORMED ONE HOUR AFTER THE LAST INJECTION. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED ESCAPE FAILURES DURING THE TEST, A WELL DESCRIBED ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN THIS MODEL. DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT (1, 3A AND 3B) LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC, VHPC) AND IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF RATS EXPOSED TO STRESS AND TREATMENT. STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B EXPRESSION IN THE DHPC AND PFC. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED STRESS EFFECTS ONLY IN THE PFC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PFC MAY BE AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN THE LH MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  5712  41 SIRT1 MEDIATES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. DEPRESSION IS A RECURRING AND LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS THAT AFFECTS UP TO 120 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, AN ETHOLOGICALLY VALIDATED MODEL OF DEPRESSION IN MICE, INCREASES SIRT1 LEVELS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. INCREASES IN SIRT1, A WELL CHARACTERIZED CLASS III HISTONE DEACETYLASE, AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT SUGGEST A ROLE FOR THIS ENZYME IN MEDIATING DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WHEN RESVERATROL, A PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVATOR OF SIRT1, WAS DIRECTLY INFUSED BILATERALLY INTO THE NAC, WE OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. CONVERSELY, INTRA-NAC INFUSIONS OF EX-527, A SIRT1 ANTAGONIST, REDUCED THESE BEHAVIORS; EX-527 ALSO REDUCED ACUTE STRESS RESPONSES IN STRESS-NAIVE MICE. NEXT, WE INCREASED SIRT1 LEVELS DIRECTLY IN NAC BY USE OF VIRAL-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER AND OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WHEN MICE WERE ASSESSED IN THE OPEN-FIELD, ELEVATED-PLUS-MAZE, AND FORCED SWIM TESTS. USING A CRE-INDUCIBLE VIRAL VECTOR SYSTEM TO OVEREXPRESS SIRT1 SELECTIVELY IN DOPAMINE D1 OR D2 SUBPOPULATIONS OF MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS (MSNS) IN THE NAC, WE FOUND THAT SIRT1 PROMOTES DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS ONLY WHEN OVEREXPRESSED IN D1 MSNS, WITH NO EFFECT SEEN IN D2 MSNS. CONVERSELY, SELECTIVE ABLATION OF SIRT1 IN THE NAC USING VIRAL-CRE IN FLOXED SIRT1 MICE RESULTED IN DECREASED DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT SIRT1 PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE NAC IN REGULATING MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES AND IDENTIFIES A NOVEL SIGNALING PATHWAY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO TREAT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE A PIVOTAL ROLE FOR SIRT1 IN ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. WE SHOW THAT STRESS STABLY INDUCES SIRT1 EXPRESSION IN THIS BRAIN REGION AND THAT ALTERING SIRT1 ACTIVITY USING A PHARMACOLOGICAL OR GENETIC APPROACH REGULATES ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN REGULATING MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORS AND INTRODUCES A NOVEL SIGNALING PATHWAY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO TREAT DEPRESSION AND OTHER STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. A RECENT GROUNDBREAKING PUBLICATION BY THE CONVERGE CONSORTIUM (2015) IDENTIFIED A REPRODUCIBLE ASSOCIATION OF THE SIRT1 LOCUS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION IN HUMANS. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS ARE TIMELY AND HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  3315  34 HIPPOCAMPAL MU OPIOID RECEPTORS ARE MODULATED FOLLOWING COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RAT. COCAINE ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY INDUCED BY LONG-TERM BRAIN CHANGES. UNDERSTANDING THE NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES UNDERLYING THE REINFORCING EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG OF ABUSE IS CRITICAL FOR REDUCING THE SOCIETAL BURDEN OF DRUG ADDICTION. THE MU OPIOID RECEPTOR PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN DRUG REWARD. THIS RECEPTOR IS MODULATED BY CHRONIC COCAINE TREATMENT IN SPECIFIC BRAIN STRUCTURES, BUT FEW STUDIES INVESTIGATED NEUROCHEMICAL ADAPTATIONS INDUCED BY VOLUNTARY COCAINE INTAKE. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER INTRAVENOUS COCAINE-SELF ADMINISTRATION (0.33 MG/KG/INJECTION, FIXED-RATIO 1 [FR1], 10 DAYS) IN RATS INDUCES TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE MU OPIOID RECEPTOR IN REWARD-RELATED BRAIN REGIONS. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS WERE EXAMINED FOR TWO ACTIVATING MARKS, H3K4ME3, AND H3K27AC. WE FOUND AN INCREASE OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION ALONG WITH A POTENTIATION OF ITS FUNCTIONALITY IN HIPPOCAMPUS OF COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTERING ANIMALS COMPARED TO SALINE CONTROLS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY QPCR REVEALED NO MODIFICATIONS OF THE HISTONE MARK H3K4ME3 AND H3K27AC LEVELS AT MU OPIOID RECEPTOR PROMOTER. OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE HIPPOCAMPUS AS AN IMPORTANT TARGET TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE NEUROADAPTIVE PROCESSES LEADING TO COCAINE ADDICTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  5820  33 STRESS DYNAMICALLY REGULATES BEHAVIOR AND GLUTAMATERGIC GENE EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPUS BY OPENING A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY. EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN BOTH ADAPTIVE AND DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF STRESSORS ON THE BRAIN, AND DYSREGULATED GLUTAMATE HOMEOSTASIS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. HERE, WE ELUCIDATE MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN A HISTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS AND FAMILIAR AND NOVEL ACUTE STRESSORS THAT ALTER EXPRESSION OF ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ACUTE RESTRAINT AND ACUTE FORCED SWIM STRESSORS INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON THESE BEHAVIORS IN NAIVE MICE AND IN MICE WITH A HISTORY OF CHRONIC-RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS). THEY REVEAL A KEY ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF THE PUTATIVE PRESYNAPTIC TYPE 2 METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE (MGLU2) RECEPTORS AND THE POSTSYNAPTIC NR1/NMDA RECEPTORS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARTICULARLY IN THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG), A REGION OF ACTIVE NEUROGENESIS AND A TARGET OF ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. WE SHOW CHANGES IN DG LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) THAT PARALLEL BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, WITH HABITUATION TO THE SAME ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESSOR AND SENSITIZATION TO A NOVEL FORCED-SWIM STRESSOR. IN WT MICE AFTER CRS AND IN UNSTRESSED MICE WITH A BDNF LOSS-OF-FUNCTION ALLELE (BDNF VAL66MET), WE SHOW THAT THE EPIGENETIC ACTIVATOR OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, P300, PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE DYNAMIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF MGLU2 IN HIPPOCAMPUS VIA HISTONE-3-LYSINE-27-ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) WHEN ACUTE STRESSORS ARE APPLIED. THESE HIPPOCAMPAL RESPONSES REVEAL A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR TREATMENT OF DISORDERS IN WHICH GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION IS DYSREGULATED.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  2449  33 EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF HIPPOCAMPAL CALBINDIN-D28K BY DELTAFOSB DRIVES SEIZURE-RELATED COGNITIVE DEFICITS. THE CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN CALBINDIN-D28K IS CRITICAL FOR HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION AND COGNITION, BUT ITS EXPRESSION IS MARKEDLY DECREASED IN VARIOUS NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY AND SEIZURES. IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND EPILEPSY, BOTH OF WHICH ARE ACCOMPANIED BY RECURRENT SEIZURES, THE SEVERITY OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS REFLECTS THE DEGREE OF CALBINDIN REDUCTION IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS (DG). HOWEVER, DESPITE THE IMPORTANCE OF CALBINDIN IN BOTH NEURONAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY, THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL ITS EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE WE REPORT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH SEIZURES CHRONICALLY SUPPRESS HIPPOCAMPAL CALBINDIN EXPRESSION AND IMPAIR COGNITION. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT DELTAFOSB, A HIGHLY STABLE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, IS INDUCED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN MOUSE MODELS OF AD AND SEIZURES, IN WHICH IT BINDS AND TRIGGERS HISTONE DEACETYLATION AT THE PROMOTER OF THE CALBINDIN GENE (CALB1) AND DOWNREGULATES CALB1 TRANSCRIPTION. NOTABLY, INCREASING DG CALBINDIN LEVELS, EITHER BY DIRECT VIRUS-MEDIATED EXPRESSION OR INHIBITION OF DELTAFOSB SIGNALING, IMPROVES SPATIAL MEMORY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD. MOREOVER, LEVELS OF DELTAFOSB AND CALBINDIN EXPRESSION ARE INVERSELY RELATED IN THE DG OF INDIVIDUALS WITH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE) OR AD AND CORRELATE WITH PERFORMANCE ON THE MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION (MMSE). WE PROPOSE THAT CHRONIC SUPPRESSION OF CALBINDIN BY DELTAFOSB IS ONE MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH INTERMITTENT SEIZURES DRIVE PERSISTENT COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN CONDITIONS ACCOMPANIED BY RECURRENT SEIZURES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  1999  32 EPIGENETIC AND NEURONAL ACTIVITY MARKERS SUGGEST THE RECRUITMENT OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE THREE-HIT MODEL OF DEPRESSION IN MALE PACAP HETEROZYGOUS MICE. DEPRESSION AND ITS INCREASING PREVALENCE CHALLENGE PATIENTS, THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, AND THE ECONOMY. WE RECENTLY CREATED A MOUSE MODEL BASED ON THE THREE-HIT CONCEPT OF DEPRESSION. AS GENETIC PREDISPOSITION (FIRST HIT), WE APPLIED PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE HETEROZYGOUS MICE ON CD1 BACKGROUND. MATERNAL DEPRIVATION MODELED THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR (SECOND HIT), AND THE CHRONIC VARIABLE MILD STRESS WAS THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (THIRD HIT). FLUOXETINE TREATMENT WAS APPLIED TO TEST THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF OUR MODEL. WE AIMED TO EXAMINE THE DYNAMICS OF THE EPIGENETIC MARKER ACETYL-LYSINE 9 H3 HISTONE (H3K9AC) AND THE NEURONAL ACTIVITY MARKER FOSB IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS. FLUOXETINE DECREASED H3K9AC IN PFC IN NON-DEPRIVED ANIMALS, BUT A HISTORY OF MATERNAL DEPRIVATION ABOLISHED THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND SSRI TREATMENT ON H3K9AC IMMUNOREACTIVITY. IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, STRESS DECREASED, WHILE SSRI INCREASED H3K9AC IMMUNOSIGNAL, UNLIKE IN THE DEPRIVED MICE, WHERE THE OPPOSITE EFFECT WAS DETECTED. FOSB IN STRESS WAS STIMULATED BY FLUOXETINE IN THE PFC, WHILE IT WAS INHIBITED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. THE FOSB IMMUNOREACTIVITY WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY ABOLISHED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE DEPRIVED MICE. THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT FOSB AND H3K9AC WERE MODULATED IN A TERRITORY-SPECIFIC MANNER BY EARLY LIFE ADVERSITIES AND LATER LIFE STRESS INTERACTING WITH THE EFFECT OF FLUOXETINE THERAPY SUPPORTING THE RELIABILITY OF OUR MODEL.	2022