1  2743 127 EXPOSURE TO ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE MATTER INDUCES NF-KAPPABETA MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EXPOSURE TO ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM0.1) IS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ETIOLOGY OF DIFFERENT ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISORDERS; HOWEVER, THE IN-DEPTH BIOLOGICAL IMPRINTS THAT LINK THESE SUBMICRON PARTICLES WITH THE DISTURBANCES IN THE EPIGENOMIC MACHINERY ARE NOT WELL DEFINED. EARLIER, WE SHOWED THAT EXPOSURE TO THESE PARTICLES CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTURBANCES IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MACHINERY AND TRIGGERS PI-3-KINASE MEDIATED DNA DAMAGE RESPONSES. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE EPIGENOMIC INSIGHTS OF THE ULTRAFINE PM EXPOSURE. THE HIGHER LEVELS OF INTRACELLULAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND DEPLETED NRF-2 IN ULTRAFINE PM EXPOSED CELLS RECONFIRMED ITS POTENTIAL TO INDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS. IMPORTANTLY, THE OBSERVED INCREASE IN THE LEVELS OF NF-KAPPABETA AND ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES AMONG EXPOSED CELLS SUGGESTED THE ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPABETA MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY LOOP WHICH POTENTIALLY SERVES AS A PLATFORM FOR INITIATING EPIGENETIC INSINUATIONS. THIS FACT WAS STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY THE ALTERED MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE OF THE ULTRAFINE PM EXPOSED CELLS. THESE NF-KAPPABETA INDUCED MIRNA ALTERATIONS WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER EPIGENETIC TARGETS AS THE EXPOSED CELLS SHOWED HIGHER EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES WHICH POSITIVELY CORRESPONDED WITH THE GLOBAL CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. UPON FURTHER ANALYSIS, SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN HISTONE CODE WERE ALSO REPORTED IN ULTRAFINE PM EXPOSED CELLS. CONCLUSIVELY OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT NF-KAPPABETA ACTS AS AN INFLAMMATORY SWITCH THAT POSSESSES THE POTENTIAL TO INDUCE GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION UPON ULTRAFINE PM EXPOSURE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
2  3211  35 HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES. DIESEL-POWERED VEHICLES EMIT SUBSTANTIALLY MORE PARTICLES THAN DO GASOLINE-POWERED VEHICLES WITH CONTEMPORARY EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS. THE DEP ARE SUBMICRON IN SIZE AND READILY INHALED. APPROXIMATELY ONE-FOURTH OF THE PARTICLE MASS INHALED BY PEOPLE IS DEPOSITED IN THE PULMONARY REGION, SOME OF WHICH IS RETAINED WITH A HALF-LIFE OF SEVERAL HUNDRED DAYS. IN ANIMAL STUDIES, EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF DEP OVERWHELMS THE NORMAL CLEARANCE MECHANISMS AND RESULTS IN LUNG BURDENS OF DEP THAT EXCEED THOSE PREDICTED FROM OBSERVATIONS AT LOWER EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS. A VARIABLE AMOUNT OF THE MASS OF DEP IS EXTRACTABLE WITH STRONG ORGANIC SOLVENTS. THE EXTRACTED MATERIAL CONTAINS MORE THAN A THOUSAND INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS AND IS MUTAGENIC IN A NUMBER OF BACTERIAL AND MAMMALIAN CELL ASSAYS. BIOASSAY-DIRECTED CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DEP HAD IDENTIFIED SEVERAL HUNDRED COMPOUNDS. MANY ARE PAHS, SOME OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED TO HAVE HUMAN CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL. A NUMBER OF NITRATED COMPOUNDS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED THAT ACCOUNT FOR A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE MUTAGENICITY ASSAYED IN BACTERIA. THE MUTAGENICITY OF THE DEPE IS GENERALLY REDUCED BY ADDITION OF AN S-9 CELLULAR FRACTION OR OF SERUM PROTEINS. MACROPHAGES RAPIDLY REDUCE THE RECOVERABLE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH DEP. THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT A HYPOTHESIS THAT DETOXIFICATION OF DEP-ASSOCIATED ORGANICS OCCURS RAPIDLY IN VIVO. THE ASSOCIATION OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND NITROPYRENE WITH DEP PROLONGS THEIR RETENTION IN THE LUNGS. THIS INCREASED RETENTION SUGGESTS THE NEED TO CLARIFY THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COMPETING MECHANISMS THAT DETOXIFY PARTICLE-ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS AND THOSE THAT SERVE TO ENHANCE THE RETENTION OF TOXICOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS. SOME EXTRACTS OF DEP EVOKE TUMORIGENIC RESPONSES IN SKIN-TUMOR BIOASSAYS, SUGGESTING THEIR CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL IN MAMMALS. A NUMBER OF LARGE-SCALE STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED WITH LABORATORY RODENTS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE TO DE. AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF LUNG TUMORS, SOME OF WHICH WERE DIAGNOSED AS MALIGNANT, WAS OBSERVED IN 5 STUDIES WITH RATS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE FOR 2 OR MORE YEARS TO HIGH LEVELS OF DE. MOST OF THE LUNG TUMORS WERE OBSERVED AFTER 2 YEARS. SIMILAR STUDIES IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS HAVE YIELDED NEGATIVE RESULTS. STUDIES WITH MICE HAVE GIVEN MIXED RESULTS. THE RESULTS OF SOME STUDIES WITH LABORATORY ANIMALS EXPOSED TO DE AND KNOWN CARCINOGENS SUGGEST THAT EXPOSURE TO DE ENHANCES THE EFFECT OF THE KNOWN CARCINOGENS. THE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS OF TUMOR INDUCTION IN THE DE-EXPOSED RATS ARE UNKNOWN. HYPOTHESES AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA HAVE BEEN ADVANCED IN SUPPORT OF BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF THE DE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)	1987	

3   502  48 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  1140  36 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5  5010  40 PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC, ARACHIDONIC AND OLEIC ACID IN RELATION TO THE INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE AND CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID IN THE CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF CARCINOGENESIS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. ANALYSIS OF 7,8-DIHYDRO-8-OXO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OXODG) LEVELS IN 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (DG) AND ISOLATED DNA HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID ARE CAPABLE OF INDUCING THIS SPECIFIC GENOTOXIC DAMAGE. THIS EFFECT APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF FATTY ACID UNSATURATION, SINCE IT WAS NOT INDUCED BY MONOUNSATURATED OLEIC ACID. ENZYMATIC PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID RESULTED IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. STUDIES ON THE INTERFERENCE OF RADICAL SCAVENGERS WITH THE INDUCTION OF 8-OXODG IN COMBINATION WITH ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE SUPEROXIDE ANION WAS GENERATED DURING PEROXIDATION OF THESE FATTY ACIDS AND THAT SINGLET OXYGEN IS MOST LIKELY INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN DG AND SINGLE-STRANDED DNA WAS HIGHER AS COMPARED TO THAT IN NATIVE DNA AFTER EQUIMOLAR TREATMENT. EXPOSURE OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES TO LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID DID NOT RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN LEVELS OF 8-OXODG. THIS MAY INDICATE THAT THE RATE OF INTRACELLULAR PEROXIDATION IS RELATIVELY LOW AND/OR THAT NUCLEAR DNA IN INTACT CELLS IS EFFECTIVELY PROTECTED AGAINST GENETIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. IT IS THEREFORE CONCLUDED THAT RELATIVELY SHORT PERIODS OF LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ARE NOT LIKELY TO IMPOSE A DIRECT GENOTOXIC RISK. IT CAN, HOWEVER, NOT BE EXCLUDED THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INDUCES OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE OR IS RELATED TO CANCER RISK BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AS IS ALSO INDICATED BY THE OBSERVED CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID.	1994	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6   930  38 CHRONIC IRRADIATION OF HUMAN CELLS REDUCES HISTONE LEVELS AND DEREGULATES GENE EXPRESSION. OVER THE PAST DECADES, THERE HAVE BEEN HUGE ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR RESPONSES TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AND DNA DAMAGE. THESE STUDIES, HOWEVER, WERE MOSTLY EXECUTED WITH CELL LINES AND MICE USING SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACUTE DOSES OF RADIATION. HENCE, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE IONISING RADIATION AFFECTS NORMAL CELLS AND ORGANISMS, EVEN THOUGH OUR CELLS ARE CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS OF RADIATION. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE BY EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSING HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS TO CONTINUOUS IONISING GAMMA-RADIATION DELIVERED AT 6-20 MGY/H. ALTHOUGH THESE DOSE RATES ARE ESTIMATED TO INFLICT FEWER THAN A SINGLE DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK (DSB) PER HOUR PER CELL, THEY STILL CAUSED DOSE-DEPENDENT REDUCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENESCENCE. WE CONCOMITANTLY OBSERVED HISTONE PROTEIN LEVELS TO REDUCE BY UP TO 40%, WHICH IN CONTRAST TO PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS, WAS NOT MAINLY DUE TO PROTEIN DEGRADATION BUT INSTEAD CORRELATED WITH REDUCED HISTONE GENE EXPRESSION. HISTONE REDUCTIONS WERE ACCOMPANIED BY ENLARGED NUCLEAR SIZE PARALLELED BY AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTION, INCLUDING THAT OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES. THUS, CHRONIC IRRADIATION, EVEN AT LOW DOSE-RATES, CAN INDUCE CELL SENESCENCE AND ALTER GENE EXPRESSION VIA A HITHERTO UNCHARACTERISED EPIGENETIC ROUTE. THESE FEATURES OF CHRONIC RADIATION REPRESENT A NEW ASPECT OF RADIATION BIOLOGY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  2961  40 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN METAL CARCINOGENESIS AND COCARCINOGENESIS: NICKEL, ARSENIC, AND CHROMIUM. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NICKEL(II), CHROMIUM(VI), OR INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN TO INCREASE CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS. RECENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE FOUND THAT CARCINOGENIC RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMATE AND IAS EXPOSURES WERE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT, WHICH LED TO MAJOR REVISIONS OF THE FEDERAL STANDARDS REGULATING AMBIENT AND DRINKING WATER LEVELS. GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CR(VI) AND IAS ARE STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THEIR INTRACELLULAR METABOLISM, WHICH CREATES SEVERAL REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES AND BYPRODUCTS. TOXIC METALS ARE CAPABLE OF POTENT AND SURPRISINGLY SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF STRESS-SIGNALING PATHWAYS, WHICH ARE KNOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CANCERS. DEPENDING ON THE METAL, ASCORBATE (VITAMIN C) HAS BEEN FOUND TO ACT EITHER AS A STRONG ENHANCER OR SUPPRESSOR OF TOXIC RESPONSES IN HUMAN CELLS. IN ADDITION TO GENETIC DAMAGE VIA BOTH OXIDATIVE AND NONOXIDATIVE (DNA ADDUCTS) MECHANISMS, METALS CAN ALSO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, LEADING TO EPIGENETIC SILENCING OR REACTIVATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY EXPERIMENTS AND RECENT ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES PROVIDED STRONG SUPPORT FOR THE IDEA THAT METALS CAN ACT AS COCARCINOGENS IN COMBINATION WITH NONMETAL CARCINOGENS. COCARCINOGENIC AND COMUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF METALS ARE LIKELY TO STEM FROM THEIR ABILITY TO INTERFERE WITH DNA REPAIR PROCESSES. OVERALL, METAL CARCINOGENESIS APPEARS TO REQUIRE THE FORMATION OF SPECIFIC METAL COMPLEXES, CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE, AND ACTIVATION OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS PROMOTING SURVIVAL AND EXPANSION OF GENETICALLY/EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED CELLS.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8  3099  42 GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN DIFFERENT TISSUES AFTER AMBIENT AIR PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION (5-MC) IS ONE OF THE SEVERAL EPIGENETIC MARKERS, AND IS GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION. BOTH HYPER AND HYPO DNA METHYLATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASES. EXPOSURE TO FINE PARTICLES WITH A DIAMETER OF 2.5 MUM OR LESS (PM(2.5)) IS A PERVASIVE RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY, METABOLIC DISORDERS, COGNITION DAMAGE, AND ETC.. RECENT REPORTS POINTED TOWARD THAT THESE DISEASES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALTERED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF SOME SPECIFIC-GENE, POTENTIALLY SUGGESTING THAT THE DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION WAS INVOLVED IN THE HEALTH HAZARD DERIVED FROM THE PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. IN THIS STUDY, WE SYSTEMATICALLY INVESTIGATED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF MOST TISSUES, INCLUDING LUNG, HEART, TESTIS, THYMUS, SPLEEN, EPIDIDYMAL FAT, HIPPOCAMPUS, KIDNEY, LIVE, AFTER SHORT AND LONG TERM PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. AFTER ACUTE PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, THE GLOBAL HYPO-METHYLATION IN DNA WAS OBSERVED IN LUNG AND HEART. NOTABLY, AFTER CHRONIC PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, LEVEL OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION DECREASED IN MOST ORGANS WHICH INCLUDED LUNG, TESTIS, THYMUS, SPLEEN, EPIDIDYMAL FAT, HIPPOCAMPUS AND BLOOD. THE PRESENT STUDY SYSTEMATICALLY DEMONSTRATED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES BY PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, AND PUT FORWARD A POSSIBLE ORIENTATION FOR FURTHER EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AIR PARTICLES EXPOSURE ON THE SPECIFIC ORGANS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9  4944  27 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10  6078  35 THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN ZEBRAFISH. ARSENIC IS A PREVALENT ENVIRONMENTAL TOXIN AND A GROUP ONE HUMAN CARCINOGENIC AGENT. CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MANY HUMAN DISEASES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE ZEBRAFISH AS AN ANIMAL MODEL TO ASSESS ARSENIC TOXICITY IN ELEVATED LONG-TERM ARSENIC EXPOSURE. WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE (6 MONTHS) TO VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC FROM 50 PPB TO 300 PPB, EFFECTS OF ARSENIC ACCUMULATION IN ZEBRAFISH TISSUES, AND PHENOTYPES WERE INVESTIGATED. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF ARSENIC RETENTION IN ZEBRAFISH TISSUES, AND ZEBRAFISH DID NOT EXHIBIT ANY VISIBLE TUMOR FORMATION UNDER ARSENIC EXPOSURE CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, THE ZEBRAFISH DEMONSTRATE A DYSFUNCTION IN THEIR NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM, WHICH IS REFLECTED BY A REDUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ACTIVITY. MOREOVER, ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD2) PROTEIN WERE DETECTED IN THE EYE AND LIVER, SUGGESTING INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN ADDITION, THE PROGENIES OF ARSENIC-TREATED PARENTS DISPLAYED A SMALLER BIOMASS (FOUR-FOLD REDUCTION IN BODY WEIGHT) COMPARED WITH THOSE FROM THEIR PARENTAL CONTROLS. THIS RESULT INDICATES THAT ARSENIC MAY INDUCE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT ARE THEN PASSED ON TO THE NEXT GENERATION. OVERALL, THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT ZEBRAFISH IS A CONVENIENT VERTEBRATE MODEL WITH ADVANTAGES IN THE EVALUATION OF ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AS WELL AS ITS INFLUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  5057  21 PHENOBARBITAL MECHANISTIC DATA AND RISK ASSESSMENT: ENZYME INDUCTION, ENHANCED CELL PROLIFERATION, AND TUMOR PROMOTION. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HIGH DOSES OF PHENOBARBITAL (PB) CAUSES HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMAS IN BOTH MICE AND RATS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS IN SOME STRAINS OF MICE. LONG-TERM PB THERAPY HAS NOT BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE HUMAN TUMORS. PB IS NOT DNA REACTIVE, AND MOST GENOTOXICITY TESTS HAVE YIELDED NEGATIVE RESULTS. PB HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED AS AN EPIGENETIC, RODENT LIVER TUMOR PROMOTER. AT EXPOSURES CAUSING RODENT LIVER TUMORS, PB HAS MEASURABLE EFFECTS ON HEPATOCYTES: PB INHIBITS CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; PB INDUCES ENZYMES, INCLUDING P450 CYTOCHROMES; PB STIMULATES PROLIFERATION AND INHIBITS APOPTOSIS OF HEPATOCYTES IN NEOPLASTIC FOCI. THRESHOLD EXPOSURES FOR SOME OF THESE ENDPOINTS COINCIDE WITH THE THRESHOLD EXPOSURE FOR TUMORIGENESIS.	1996	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12   846  40 CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN T CELLS. BACKGROUND: EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) INCREASES ATOPY; IT IS UNCLEAR HOW PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO INCREASED SEVERITY OF ATOPIC DISEASES. OBJECTIVE: WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO IMPAIRMENT OF IMMUNITY IN ATOPIC CHILDREN (DEFINED AS CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA AND/OR ALLERGIC RHINITIS) FROM FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, AN AREA WITH ELEVATED AMBIENT PAHS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 256 SUBJECTS FROM FRESNO, CA. AMBIENT PAH CONCENTRATIONS (NG/M(3) ) WERE MEASURED USING A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REGRESSION MODEL OVER MULTIPLE TIME PERIODS. ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS WAS DETERMINED BY CURRENT NHLBI CRITERIA. PHENOTYPING AND FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED FROM ISOLATED CELLS. FOR EPIGENETIC MEASUREMENTS, DNA WAS ISOLATED AND PYROSEQUENCED. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT HIGHER AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED TREG FUNCTION AND INCREASED METHYLATION IN THE FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN 3 (FOXP3) LOCUS (P < 0.05), CONDITIONAL ON ATOPIC STATUS. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF FOXP3 (P < 0.001). METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR FUNCTIONAL CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY TREG DYSFUNCTION, AND AN INCREASE IN TOTAL PLASMA IGE LEVELS. PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF IL-10 DECREASED AND IFN-GAMMA INCREASED AS THE EXTENT OF PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED. THE STRENGTH OF THE ASSOCIATIONS GENERALLY INCREASED AS THE TIME WINDOW FOR AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED FROM 24 HR TO 1 YEAR, SUGGESTING MORE OF A CHRONIC RESPONSE. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC PAH EXPOSURE AND IMMUNE OUTCOMES WERE ALSO OBSERVED IN SUBJECTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN A KEY LOCUS INVOLVED IN ATOPY: FOXP3, WITH A HIGHER IMPACT ON ATOPIC CHILDREN. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED ATOPIC CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN COULD BE LINKED TO INCREASED PAH EXPOSURE IN AIR POLLUTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13  4008  33 LOW DOSE OF URANIUM INDUCES MULTIGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC EFFECTS IN RAT KIDNEY. PURPOSE: A PROTOCOL OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE OF URANIUM WAS ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THE SEXUAL DIFFERENCES AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS THAT ARE CRITICAL WINDOWS FOR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OVER GENERATIONS. METHODS: BOTH MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE CONTAMINATED THROUGH THEIR DRINKING WATER WITH A NON-TOXIC SOLUTION OF URANYL NITRATE FOR 9 MONTHS. THE EXPOSED GENERATION (F0) AND THE FOLLOWING TWO GENERATIONS (F1 AND F2) WERE EXAMINED. CLINICAL MONITORING, GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILE AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) GENE EXPRESSION WERE ANALYZED IN KIDNEYS. RESULTS: WHILE THE BODY WEIGHT OF F1 MALES INCREASED, A SMALL DECREASE IN KIDNEY AND BODY WEIGHT WAS OBSERVED IN F2 MALES. IN ADDITION, GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PROFILE IN KIDNEY CELLS WAS OBSERVED IN F1 AND F2 MALES. QPCR RESULTS REVEAL A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF METHYLTRANSFERASE GENES EXPRESSION (DNMT1 AND DNMT3A) FOR F2 FEMALES. CONCLUSIONS: IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND TO RAISE ATTENTION TO GENERATIONAL EFFECTS FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, LOW DOSES OF URANIUM DO NOT IMPLY CLINICAL EFFECTS ON ADULT EXPOSED RATS. HOWEVER, OUR RESULTS CONFIRM THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS' SENSITIVITY IN ADDITION TO THE SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF THE OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  6545  35 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE INVOLVED IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED FEMALE RATS. DISTURBANCES IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD ARE LINKED TO METABOLIC DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD, IMPLYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS OF APPETITE AND ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE (HFS) DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED (PNS) FEMALE ADULT RATS, WISTAR DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC-MILD-STRESS DURING THE THIRD WEEK OF GESTATION AND WERE THEN COMPARED WITH UNSTRESSED CONTROLS. ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE FED A CHOW OR HFS DIET FOR 10 WEEKS. CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY AS WELL AS EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION LEVELS OF SELECTED HYPOTHALAMIC GENES WERE ANALYZED. PNS INDUCED LOWER BIRTHWEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH WITH NO CHANGES IN BODY FAT MASS. AFTER THE HFS DIET, THE EXPECTED OVERWEIGHT MODEL WAS OBSERVED ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH WAS WORSENED BY PNS. THE STRESS MODEL INDUCED HIGHER ENERGY INTAKE IN ADULTHOOD. HYPOTHALAMIC GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE HFS DIET DECREASED SLC6A3 (DOPAMINE ACTIVE TRANSPORTER), NPY (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) AND IR (INSULIN RECEPTOR) AND INCREASED POMC (PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN). HYPOTHALAMIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLC6A3 REVEALED THAT SLC6A3 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED BY THE HFS DIET IN CPG SITE -53 BP TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE. HFS DIET ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE -167 BP OF THE POMC PROMOTER ONLY IN NONSTRESSED ANIMALS. NO CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. THESE RESULTS IMPLY THAT EARLY-LIFE STRESS IN FEMALES INCREASED PREDISPOSITION TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15   910  34 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ETHANOL OF MALE MICE BEFORE MATING PRODUCES ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER-LIKE PHENOTYPE ALONG WITH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN MOUSE OFFSPRING. PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURE TO ETOH THROUGH THE PATERNAL ROUTE MAY AFFECT NEUROBEHAVIORAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES OF OFFSPRING. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO ETOH BEFORE CONCEPTION ON THE HYPERACTIVITY, INATTENTION, AND IMPULSIVITY BEHAVIOR OF MALE OFFSPRING IN MICE. SIRE MICE WERE TREATED WITH ETOH IN A CONCENTRATION RANGE APPROXIMATING HUMAN BINGE DRINKING (0-4 G/KG/DAY ETOH) FOR 7 WEEKS AND MATED WITH UNTREATED FEMALES MICE TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING. ETOH EXPOSURE TO SIRE MICE INDUCED ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)-LIKE HYPERACTIVE, INATTENTIVE, AND IMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING. AS A MECHANISTIC LINK, BOTH PROTEIN AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT), A KEY DETERMINANT OF ADHD-LIKE PHENOTYPES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND HUMANS, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED BY PATERNAL ETOH EXPOSURE IN CEREBRAL CORTEX AND STRIATUM OF OFFSPRING MICE ALONG WITH INCREASED METHYLATION OF A CPG REGION OF THE DAT GENE PROMOTER. THE INCREASE IN METHYLATION OF DAT GENE PROMOTER WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN THE SPERM OF SIRE MICE, SUGGESTING GERMLINE CHANGES IN THE EPIGENETIC METHYLATION SIGNATURE OF DAT GENE BY ETOH EXPOSURE. IN ADDITION, THE EXPRESSION OF TWO KEY REGULATORS OF METHYLATION-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FUNCTIONAL GENE EXPRESSION, NAMELY, MECP2 AND DNMT1, WAS MARKEDLY DECREASED IN OFFSPRING CORTEX AND STRIATUM SIRED BY ETOH-EXPOSED MICE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT PRECONCEPTIONAL EXPOSURE TO ETOH THROUGH THE PATERNAL ROUTE INDUCES BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN OFFSPRING, POSSIBLY VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE REGULATION OF ADHD-LIKE BEHAVIORS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16   886  34 CHRONIC CORTICOSTERONE EXPOSURE INCREASES EXPRESSION AND DECREASES DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID METHYLATION OF FKBP5 IN MICE. THERE IS EVIDENCE FOR HYPERCORTISOLEMIA PLAYING A ROLE IN THE GENERATION OF PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS AND FOR EPIGENETIC VARIATION WITHIN HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS GENES MEDIATING BEHAVIORAL CHANGES. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EXPRESSION CHANGES WOULD BE INDUCED IN FKBP5 AND OTHER HPA AXIS GENES BY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CORTICOSTERONE AND THAT THESE CHANGES WOULD OCCUR THROUGH THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF LOSS OR GAIN OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM). WE ADMINISTERED CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) TO C57BL/6J MICE VIA THEIR DRINKING WATER FOR 4 WK AND TESTED FOR BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS USING RNA EXTRACTED FROM HIPPOCAMPUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND BLOOD FOR THE FOLLOWING HPA GENES: FKBP5, NR3C1, HSP90, CRH, AND CRHR1. THE CORT MICE EXHIBITED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CORT ALSO CAUSED A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL AND BLOOD MRNA LEVELS OF NR3C1 AND A DECREASE IN HSP90 IN BLOOD AND CAUSED AN INCREASE IN FKBP5 FOR ALL TISSUES. DIFFERENCES WERE SEEN IN FKBP5 METHYLATION IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS. TO ISOLATE A SINGLE-CELL TYPE, WE FOLLOWED UP WITH AN HT-22 MOUSE HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL CELL LINE EXPOSED TO CORT. AFTER 7 D, WE OBSERVED A 2.4-FOLD INCREASE IN FKBP5 EXPRESSION AND A DECREASE IN DNAM. IN THE CORT-TREATED MICE, WE ALSO OBSERVED CHANGES IN BLOOD DNAM IN FKBP5. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST DNAM PLAYS A ROLE IN MEDIATING EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE ON FKBP5 FUNCTION, WITH POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR BEHAVIOR.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  3973  30 LONG-TERM BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE ALTERATIONS FOLLOWING CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS IN MICE: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. THE PERIOD OF ADOLESCENCE IS CHARACTERIZED BY A HIGH VULNERABILITY TO STRESS AND TRAUMA, WHICH MIGHT RESULT IN LONG-LASTING CONSEQUENCES AND AN INCREASED RISK TO DEVELOP PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. USING A RECENTLY DEVELOPED MOUSE MODEL FOR CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE, WE STUDIED PERSISTENT NEUROENDOCRINE AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS OBTAINED 12 MONTHS AFTER CESSATION OF THE STRESSOR. AS A REFERENCE, WE INVESTIGATED IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS EXPOSURE OBTAINED AT THE END OF THE CHRONIC STRESS PERIOD. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE 7 WEEK CHRONIC STRESS PERIOD STRESSED ANIMALS SHOW SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED ADRENAL WEIGHTS, DECREASED THYMUS WEIGHT, INCREASED BASAL CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION AND A FLATTENED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. FURTHERMORE, STRESSED ANIMALS DISPLAY AN INCREASED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE AND THE NOVELTY-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF FEEDING TEST. HIPPOCAMPAL MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (MR) AND THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) MRNA LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. TO INVESTIGATE PERSISTENT CONSEQUENCES OF THIS EARLY STRESSFUL EXPERIENCE, THE SAME PARAMETERS WERE ASSESSED IN AGED MICE 12 MONTHS AFTER THE CESSATION OF THE STRESSOR. INTERESTINGLY, WE STILL FOUND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORMERLY STRESSED AND CONTROL MICE IN IMPORTANT STRESS-RELATED PARAMETERS. MR EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN STRESSED ANIMALS, SUGGESTING LASTING, POSSIBLY EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. FURTHERMORE, WE OBSERVED LONG-TERM BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS IN ANIMALS STRESSED DURING ADOLESCENCE. THUS, WE COULD DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC STRESS EXPOSURE DURING A CRUCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL TIME PERIOD RESULTS IN LONG-TERM, PERSISTENT EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL PARAMETERS THROUGHOUT LIFE, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN ENHANCED VULNERABILITY TO STRESS-INDUCED DISEASES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  5200  28 PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS PREDICTS METHYLATION OF GENES REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL SYSTEM IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. EXPOSURE TO STRESS EARLY IN LIFE PERMANENTLY SHAPES ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) AXIS AND THE BRAIN. PRENATALLY, GLUCOCORTICOIDS PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTA TO THE FETUS WITH POSTNATAL IMPACTS ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, BIRTH WEIGHT (BW), AND HPA AXIS FUNCTIONING. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS AFFECTS POSTNATAL FUNCTIONING. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES THIS GAP BY EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC STRESS AND TRAUMATIC WAR-RELATED STRESS ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FOUR KEY GENES REGULATING THE HPA AXIS IN NEONATAL CORD BLOOD, PLACENTA, AND MATERNAL BLOOD: CRH, CRHBP, NR3C1, AND FKBP5. PARTICIPANTS WERE 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE CONFLICT-RIDDEN REGION OF THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. BW DATA WERE COLLECTED AT DELIVERY AND MATERNAL INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED TO ASSESS CULTURALLY RELEVANT CHRONIC AND WAR-RELATED STRESSORS. CHRONIC STRESS AND WAR TRAUMA HAD WIDESPREAD EFFECTS ON HPA AXIS GENE METHYLATION, WITH SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OBSERVED AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING (TFB) SITES IN ALL TARGET GENES TESTED. SOME CHANGES IN METHYLATION WERE UNIQUE TO CHRONIC OR WAR STRESS, WHEREAS OTHERS WERE OBSERVED ACROSS BOTH STRESSOR TYPES. MOREOVER, STRESS EXPOSURES IMPACTED MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUES DIFFERENTLY, SUPPORTING THEORETICAL MODELS THAT STRESS IMPACTS VARY ACCORDING TO LIFE PHASE. METHYLATION IN SEVERAL NR3C1 AND CRH CPG SITES, ALL LOCATED AT TFB SITES, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BW. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL STRESS EXPOSURE IMPACTS DEVELOPMENT VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HPA AXIS GENES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
19  4947  38 PATERNAL SEPSIS INDUCES ALTERATIONS OF THE SPERM METHYLOME AND DAMPENS OFFSPRING IMMUNE RESPONSES-AN ANIMAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: SEPSIS REPRESENTS THE UTMOST SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF INFECTION, INVOLVING A DYSREGULATED AND SELF-DAMAGING IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE HOST. WHILE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES LIKE CHRONIC STRESS OR MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN WELL DESCRIBED TO REPROGRAM THE GERMLINE AND SUBSEQUENTLY OFFSPRING ATTRIBUTES, THE INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF SEPSIS AS A TREMENDOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL STRESSOR HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET. METHODS: POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS IN 12-WEEK-OLD MALE C57BL/6 MICE WAS INDUCED BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP), FOLLOWED BY A MATING OF THE MALE SURVIVORS (OR APPROPRIATE SHAM CONTROL ANIMALS) 6 WEEKS LATER WITH HEALTHY FEMALES. ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF OFFSPRING ANIMALS WERE ISOLATED AND STIMULATED WITH EITHER LPS OR ZYMOSAN, AND SUPERNATANT LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA WERE QUANTIFIED BY ELISA. FURTHERMORE, SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE RESPONSE TO INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED LPS WAS ASSESSED AFTER 24 H. ALSO, MORPHOLOGY, MOTILITY, AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF THE SEPSIS SURVIVORS' SPERM WAS EXAMINED. RESULTS: COMPARATIVE REDUCED REDUCTION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) OF SPERM REVEALED CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION (N = 381), MOST PRONOUNCED IN THE INTERGENIC GENOME AS WELL AS WITHIN INTRONS OF DEVELOPMENTALLY RELEVANT GENES. OFFSPRING OF SEPSIS FATHERS EXHIBITED A SLIGHT DECREASE IN BODY WEIGHT, WITH A MORE PRONOUNCED WEIGHT DIFFERENCE IN MALE ANIMALS (CLP VS. SHAM). MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS, BUT NOT FEMALE DESCENDANTS, EXHIBITED LOWER PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND IL-10 24 H AFTER INJECTION OF LPS. IN LINE, ONLY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS PRODUCED LESS TNF-ALPHA UPON ZYMOSAN STIMULATION COMPARED TO SHAM DESCENDANTS, WHILE LPS RESPONSES KEPT UNCHANGED. CONCLUSION: WE CAN PROVE THAT MALE-BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT FEMALE-DESCENDANTS OF POST-SEPSIS FATHERS SHOW A DAMPENED SYSTEMIC AS WELL AS PULMONARY IMMUNE RESPONSE. BASED ON THIS OBSERVATION OF AN IMMUNE HYPO-RESPONSIVITY, WE PROPOSE THAT MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS ARE AT RISK TO DEVELOP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MIGHT BENEFIT FROM THERAPEUTIC IMMUNE MODULATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20  4015  39 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017