1  2150 160 EPIGENETIC MEASURES OF AGEING PREDICT THE PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AND DISEASE BURDEN. BACKGROUND: INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME CHRONOLOGICAL AGE DISPLAY DIFFERENT RATES OF BIOLOGICAL AGEING. A NUMBER OF MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE HAVE BEEN PROPOSED WHICH HARNESS AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THESE MEASURES INCLUDE FIVE 'EPIGENETIC CLOCKS' WHICH PROVIDE AN INDEX OF HOW MUCH AN INDIVIDUAL'S BIOLOGICAL AGE DIFFERS FROM THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AT THE TIME OF MEASUREMENT. THE FIVE CLOCKS ENCOMPASS METHYLATION-BASED PREDICTORS OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (HORVATHAGE, HANNUMAGE), ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY (DNAM PHENOAGE, DNAM GRIMAGE) AND TELOMERE LENGTH (DNAM TELOMERE LENGTH). A SIXTH EPIGENETIC MEASURE OF AGEING DIFFERS FROM THESE CLOCKS IN THAT IT ACTS AS A SPEEDOMETER PROVIDING A SINGLE TIME-POINT MEASUREMENT OF THE PACE OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S BIOLOGICAL AGEING. THIS MEASURE OF AGEING IS TERMED DUNEDINPOAM. IN THIS STUDY, WE TEST THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THESE SIX EPIGENETIC MEASURES OF AGEING AND THE PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DISEASE BURDEN AND MORTALITY IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES (N </= 9537, GENERATION SCOTLAND: SCOTTISH FAMILY HEALTH STUDY). RESULTS: DNAM GRIMAGE PREDICTED INCIDENCE OF CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AFTER 13 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP (HAZARD RATIOS = 2.22, 1.52 AND 1.41, RESPECTIVELY). DUNEDINPOAM PREDICTED THE INCIDENCE OF COPD AND LUNG CANCER (HAZARD RATIOS = 2.02 AND 1.45, RESPECTIVELY). DNAM PHENOAGE PREDICTED INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES (HAZARD RATIO = 1.54). DNAM TELOMERE LENGTH ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (HAZARD RATIO = 0.80). DNAM GRIMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, THE PREVALENCE OF COPD AND SPIROMETRY MEASURES AT THE STUDY BASELINE. THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE PRESENT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR POSSIBLE CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS INCLUDING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, BODY MASS INDEX, DEPRIVATION, EDUCATION AND TOBACCO SMOKING AND SURPASSED STRINGENT BONFERRONI-CORRECTED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC MEASURES OF AGEING MAY HAVE UTILITY IN CLINICAL SETTINGS TO COMPLEMENT GOLD-STANDARD METHODS FOR DISEASE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  1493  38 DNA HYPERMETHYLATION AND DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IS PRESENT AT DIFFERENT LOCI IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) ARE BEING IDENTIFIED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS. BY COMPARISON, EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR CKD HAVE ONLY RECENTLY BEEN CONSIDERED USING POPULATION-BASED APPROACHES. DNA METHYLATION IS A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX DISEASES, SO WE INVESTIGATED METHYLOME-WIDE LOCI FOR ASSOCIATION WITH CKD. A TOTAL OF 485,577 UNIQUE FEATURES WERE EVALUATED IN 255 INDIVIDUALS WITH CKD (CASES) AND 152 INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF RENAL DISEASE (CONTROLS). FOLLOWING STRINGENT QUALITY CONTROL, RAW DATA WERE QUANTILE NORMALIZED AND BETA VALUES CALCULATED TO REFLECT THE METHYLATION STATUS AT EACH SITE. THE DIFFERENCE IN METHYLATION STATUS WAS EVALUATED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS WITH RESULTANT P VALUES ADJUSTED FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. GENES WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AND DECREASED LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION WERE CONSIDERED FOR BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE BY FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING KEGG PATHWAYS IN PARTEK GENOMICS SUITE. TWENTY-THREE GENES, WHERE MORE THAN ONE CPG PER LOCI WAS IDENTIFIED WITH PADJUSTED<10(-8), DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH CKD AND ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR THESE ASSOCIATED LOCI WAS SOUGHT FROM PUBLISHED LITERATURE. STRONG BIOLOGICAL CANDIDATES FOR CKD THAT SHOWED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION INCLUDE CUX1, ELMO1, FKBP5, INHBA-AS1, PTPRN2, AND PRKAG2 GENES; SEVERAL GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN KIDNEY TISSUE AND RNA-SEQ SUPPORTS A FUNCTIONAL ROLE FOR DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN ELMO1 AND PRKAG2 GENES. THIS STUDY REPORTS THE LARGEST, MOST COMPREHENSIVE, GENOME-WIDE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF DNA METHYLATION FOR ASSOCIATION WITH CKD. EVIDENCE CONFIRMING METHYLATION SITES INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD WOULD STIMULATE RESEARCH TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC THERAPIES THAT MIGHT BE CLINICALLY USEFUL FOR CKD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  5395  52 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
4  5330  33 PUTATIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF STRESS IN RED BLOOD CELLS OF CHICKENS REARED ACROSS DIFFERENT BIOMES. PRODUCTION ANIMALS ARE CONSTANTLY SUBJECTED TO EARLY ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE ADULT PHENOTYPE AND PRODUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. CPG DINUCLEOTIDE METHYLATION IN RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) COULD BE A USEFUL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC STRESS IN THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT. HERE WE COMPARED A REDUCED FRACTION OF THE RBC METHYLOME OF CHICKENS EXPOSED TO SOCIAL ISOLATION TO NON-EXPOSED. THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS: BRAZIL AND SWEDEN. THE AIM WAS TO IDENTIFY STRESS-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN RBC ACROSS THESE POPULATIONS, IN SPITE OF THE VARIABLE CONDITIONS TO WHICH BIRDS ARE EXPOSED IN EACH FACILITY AND THEIR DIFFERENT LINEAGES. BIRDS WERE INCREASINGLY EXPOSED TO A SOCIAL ISOLATION TREATMENT, COMBINED WITH FOOD AND WATER DEPRIVATION, AT RANDOM PERIODS OF THE DAY FROM WEEKS 1-4 AFTER HATCHING. WE THEN COLLECTED THE RBC DNA FROM INDIVIDUALS AND COMPARED A REDUCED FRACTION OF THEIR METHYLOME BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS USING TWO BIOINFORMATIC APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS): ONE USING FIXED-SIZE WINDOWS AND ANOTHER THAT PRESELECTED DIFFERENTIAL PEAKS WITH MACS2. THREE LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE WERE USED (P </= 0.05, P </= 0.005, AND P </= 0.0005) TO IDENTIFY DMRS BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS, WHICH WERE THEN USED FOR DIFFERENT ANALYSES. WITH BOTH OF THE APPROACHES MORE DMRS REACHED THE DEFINED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS IN BR INDIVIDUALS COMPARED TO SW. HOWEVER, MORE DMRS HAD HIGHER FOLD CHANGE VALUES IN SW COMPARED TO BR INDIVIDUALS. INTERESTINGLY, CHRZ WAS ENRICHED ABOVE EXPECTANCY FOR THE PRESENCE OF DMRS. ADDITIONALLY, WHEN ANALYZING THE LOCATIONS OF THESE DMRS IN RELATION TO THE TRANSCRIPTION STARTING SITE (TSS), WE FOUND THREE PEAKS WITH HIGH DMR PRESENCE: 10 KB UPSTREAM, THE TSS ITSELF, AND 20-40 KB DOWNSTREAM. INTERESTINGLY, THESE PEAKS HAD DMRS WITH A HIGH PRESENCE (>50%) OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. THREE OVERLAPPING DMRS WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE BR AND SW POPULATION USING THE MOST RELAXED P-VALUE (P </= 0.05). WITH THE MOST STRINGENT P-VALUE (P </= 0.0005), WE FOUND 7 AND 4 DMRS BETWEEN TREATMENTS IN THE BR AND SW POPULATIONS, RESPECTIVELY. THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST APPROXIMATION TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO STRESS IN DIFFERENT LINEAGES OF PRODUCTION ANIMALS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  1746  33 EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, PUBERTAL TIMING, AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN ADULTHOOD. BACKGROUND: GIVEN ASSOCIATIONS LINKING EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, PUBERTAL TIMING, AND BIOLOGICAL AGING, WE EXAMINED THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF EARLY LIFE TRAUMA ON ADULT BIOLOGICAL AGING (VIA AGE OF MENARCHE). METHODS: PARTICIPANTS WERE PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (N = 183). PATH MODELS EVALUATED WHETHER EARLY LIFE TRAUMA PREDICTED EARLY PUBERTAL TIMING AND THEREBY, ADULT EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (INDEXED VIA FOUR EPIGENETIC CLOCKS: HORVATH DNAM AGE, HANNUM DNAM AGE, DNAM PHENOAGE, AND DNAM GRIMAGE). SECONDARY ANALYSES EXPLORED THE EFFECTS OF TYPE OF TRAUMA (ABUSE AND NEGLECT) AND ADULT CHRONIC STRESS STATUS (CAREGIVER OF CHILD WITH AUTISM AND NON-CAREGIVER). RESULTS: EARLY LIFE TRAUMA AND EARLIER AGE AT MENARCHE INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTED ACCELERATED AGING BASED ON ONE OF THE FOUR EPIGENETIC CLOCKS, DNAM GRIMAGE, THOUGH EARLY LIFE TRAUMA WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH AGE OF MENARCHE. CHILDHOOD ABUSE, BUT NOT NEGLECT, PREDICTED FASTER EPIGENETIC AGING; RESULTS DID NOT DIFFER BY CHRONIC STRESS STATUS. CONCLUSIONS: EARLY TRAUMA AND EARLY MENARCHE APPEAR TO EXERT INDEPENDENT EFFECTS ON DNAM GRIMAGE, WHICH HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE THE STRONGEST EPIGENETIC PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY RISK. THIS STUDY IDENTIFIES A POTENTIAL CORRELATE OR DETERMINANT OF ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING-MENARCHEAL AGE. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD ADDRESS THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY BY USING RACIALLY DIVERSE SAMPLES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  5522  38 RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS, SILICON AND ARSENIC ON PULMONARY DISORDERS: UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC-EPIGENETIC INTERPLAY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. BACKGROUND: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SUGGEST STRONG ASSOCIATION OF LUNG DISORDERS WITH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS, SILICON AND ARSENIC. THE CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE PRIMARILY THROUGH INHALATION RESULTS IN ADVERSE OUTCOME ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT WHICH MAY ALSO BE FATAL. ALTHOUGH SEVERAL MECHANISMS HAVE ATTRIBUTED TOWARDS THESE DISEASES; THE MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS IS STILL UNKNOWN. OBJECTIVE: IN THIS REVIEW, WE INVESTIGATED THE PLAUSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISM BASED ON CURRENT RESEARCH THAT MAY IDENTIFY THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RESPIRATORY DISORDERS UPON SUCH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES IN HUMANS. METHODS: WE CONSIDERED GENETIC VARIANTS AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY EXPOSURE HAZARDS LEADING TO ASBESTOSIS, SILICOSIS AND ARSENICOSIS. OUR REVIEW IS STRINGENTLY BASED ON THE LITERATURES AVAILABLE THROUGH PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES MOSTLY PUBLISHED IN THE LAST 10 YEARS. RELEVANT SEARCH WERE CONDUCTED USING KEYWORDS LIKE "OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISORDERS" ALONG WITH "ASBESTOS", "SILICON" AND "ARSENIC". RESULTS: TILL SEPTEMBER 2015, PUBMED SEARCH YIELDED APPROXIMATELY 780 ARTICLES RELATING TO ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; 240 ARTICLES FOR SILICON EXPOSURE AND 60 ARTICLES FOR ARSENIC EXPOSURE. EXTENSIVE SCREENING FOR GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS IDENTIFIED CERTAIN GENES AND RELATED PATHWAYS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TOWARDS SUCH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE. CONCLUSION: THE LINK BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY IS VERY COMPLEX IN NATURE DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS LIKE PERSON'S ENVIRONMENT, LIFESTYLE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS. THE EPIGENOME IS DYNAMIC AS WELL AS REVERSIBLE AND CAN BE RESHAPED FURTHER BY CERTAIN DIETARY COMPONENTS THROUGHOUT ITS LIFE. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE HAVE ADDRESSED THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASES BASED ON THE GENETIC VARIABILITY AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS AND ALSO ATTEMPTED TO HIGHLIGHT THE PROMISING ASPECT OF DIETARY INTERVENTIONS TO COUNTER TOXIC OUTCOMES UPON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS, SILICON OR ARSENIC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7  2734  46 EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE MEASURES AND PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN WITH EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER. PURPOSE: THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK HAS BEEN ACKNOWLEDGED AS AN INDICATOR FOR MOLECULAR AGING, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED POSSIBLE ASSOCIATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AGE OR AGE ACCELERATION (AA) WITH SYMPTOM BURDEN IN INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE TREATED FOR CANCER. THIS STUDY EXPLORED THE ASSOCIATION OF DNAM AGE OR AA WITH PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL (PN) SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISTURBANCES, PAIN, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS OVER A 2-YEAR PERIOD. METHODS: WE MEASURED PN SYMPTOMS USING RELIABLE INSTRUMENTS AND DNAM LEVELS BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP (N = 72). DNAM AGE WAS CALCULATED BY THE HORVATH, GRIM, AND HANNUM-BASED INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC AGE ESTIMATIONS. AA WAS DEFINED BY THE RESIDUAL REGRESSING ESTIMATED EPIGENETIC AGE ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. MIXED REGRESSION MODELS WERE FITTED FOR AA AND CHANGES IN AA TO STUDY THE ASSOCIATION OVER TIME. SEPARATE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS AND A MIXED-EFFECTS MODEL WERE FITTED FOR AA AT EACH TIME POINT. RESULTS: HORVATH-AA, GRIM-AA, AND EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED OVER TIME, WHILE INTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA DID NOT EXHIBIT ANY TEMPORAL CHANGES. INCREASED AA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY AND FATIGUE, AS WELL AS WORSE COGNITIVE MEMORY, ADJUSTING FOR RACE, BMI, INCOME, CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIATION THERAPY, AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. INCREASED DNAM AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY OVER 2 YEARS. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST DNAM AGE AND AA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH PN SYMPTOMS OVER THE COURSE OF CANCER TREATMENT AND SURVIVORSHIP. SOME PN SYMPTOMS MAY BE AMENABLE TO PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS TARGETED TO EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THAT INFLUENCE AGING-ASSOCIATED PROCESSES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8  4148  31 MECHANISTIC BASIS OF EX VIVO UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD STEM PROGENITOR CELL EXPANSION. UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD (CB) TRANSPLANTATION HAS BEEN USED SUCCESSFULLY IN HUMANS FOR THREE DECADES DUE TO ITS RAPID AVAILABILITY FOR PATIENTS LACKING A SUITABLE ALLOGENEIC DONOR, LESS STRINGENT HLA MATCHING REQUIREMENTS, AND LOW RATES OF RELAPSE AND CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD). HOWEVER, CB TRANSPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLICATIONS, SUCH AS DELAYED HEMATOPOIETIC ENGRAFTMENT, GRAFT FAILURE, WHICH INCREASES INFECTION AND BLEEDING AND CAUSES LONGER HOSPITAL STAYS, AND TRANSPLANT-RELATED MORTALITY. THE MAJORITY OF THESE BIOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS ARE DUE TO THE UNFORESEEABLE FUNCTIONAL POTENCY OF MULTIPOTENT HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS (HSCS), WHICH REDUCE THE PREDICTABILITY OF SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION; HOWEVER, SEVERAL STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM PROGENITOR CELLS (HSPCS) INFUSED DURING CB TRANSPLANTATION. THIS REVIEW PRIMARILY ADDRESSES THE METHODS THAT PROMOTE EX VIVO CB EXPANSION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL HSC DIVISION AND THOSE THAT RELY ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ALONG WITH THE REPORTEDLY MOST SUCCESSFUL CYTOKINE COMBINATIONS. WE ALSO REVIEW RECENT CLINICAL RESEARCH ON SMALL MOLECULES (STEMREGENIN-1, UM171, AND NICOTINAMIDE) IN EX VIVO EXPANDED CB AND DISCUSS YET UNVALIDATED PRECLINICAL STRATEGIES. EXPANDING AND TRANSPLANTING CB GRAFT ENRICHED IN HSPCS IN A SINGLE CB UNIT IS A PARTICULARLY EXCITING PROSPECT WITH THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE USE AND AVAILABILITY OF CB GRAFTS. GREATER KNOWLEDGE OF OPTIMAL EX VIVO EXPANSION STRATEGIES, CELL LONGEVITY, AND GRAFT POTENCY WILL EXPAND THE SCOPE OF CELLULAR THERAPIES. ALSO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADEQUATE EX VIVO HSPC EXPANSION STRATEGIES COULD BRING EXPANDED CORD BLOOD GRAFTS TO THE FOREFRONT OF TRANSPLANT THERAPY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  1780  44 EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION CLOCKS IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS. DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) CLOCKS ARE IMPORTANT BIOMARKERS OF CELLULAR AGING AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A VARIETY OF AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND MULTIPLE DNAM CLOCKS CAN INCREASE THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO AGING AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. THIS STUDY EXPLORED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EDUCATION OR LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND THE ACCELERATION OF FOUR DNAM CLOCKS, INCLUDING INTRINSIC (IEAA) AND EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (EEAA), PHENOAGE ACCELERATION (PHENOAA), AND GRIMAGE ACCELERATION (GRIMAA) IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PARTICIPANTS OF THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY. WE PERFORMED BOTH CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES. IN CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSES, GENDER, EDUCATION, BMI, SMOKING, AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WERE ALL INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH GRIMAA, WHEREAS ONLY SOME OF THEM WERE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CLOCKS. THE EFFECT OF SMOKING AND EDUCATION ON GRIMAA VARIED BY GENDER. LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES SUGGEST THAT AGE AND BMI CONTINUED TO INCREASE GRIMAA, AND THAT AGE AND CURRENT SMOKING CONTINUED TO INCREASE PHENOAA AFTER CONTROLLING DNAM CLOCKS AT BASELINE. IN CONCLUSION, EDUCATION AND COMMON LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE DNAM CLOCKS. HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATION WITH EACH RISK FACTOR VARIED BY CLOCK, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT DIFFERENT CLOCKS MAY CAPTURE ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10  5882  40 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  3179  31 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  3056  35 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13  3850  37 IS GENDER A FACTOR AFFECTING LONG-TERM HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE AFTER SINGLE-LEVEL CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY? BACKGROUND: CERVICAL DISC DISEASES HAVE BEEN TREATED BY CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (CDA). NEVERTHELESS, SOME PATIENTS WILL EXPERIENCE A MOBILITY FAILURE IN THEIR CERVICAL PROSTHESES OVER TIME BECAUSE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER CDA. METHODS: A RETROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER STUDY OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WITH A BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS WAS PERFORMED, INCLUDING A NARRATIVE REVIEW ABOUT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BOTH STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE. RESULTS: STUDY PATIENTS (14 MEN, 30 WOMEN) HAD AN AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP OF 9.8 +/- 3.2 YEARS. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EMERGED BETWEEN GENDERS FOR SPECIFIC ITEMS IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, WITH WOMEN REPORTING WORSE PAIN SCORES (P = 0.05). AFTER STRATIFICATION BY AGE, WE FOUND A HIGHER PREOPERATIVE OVERALL NECK DISABILITY INDEX SCORE FOR FEMALE PATIENTS <36 YEARS OF AGE (P = 0.03). IN AN INTERGENDER, BODY MASS INDEX-SPECIFIC COMPARISON, WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE SCORE WITH NORMAL-WEIGHT MALE PATIENTS FARING WORSE THAN OVERWEIGHT MALE PATIENTS (P = 0.05). AT A RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WE FOUND A TENDENCY TOWARD A HIGHER HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE IN MALE PATIENTS (62% IN MEN, 17% IN WOMEN, P = 0.06). THE FEMALE CERVICAL SPINE HAS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, INCLUDING BONE STRUCTURE, MUSCULAR ACTION, SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONCLUSIONS: THE INCIDENCE OF MOBILITY FAILURE IN OUR SERIES OF SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WAS LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SEVERAL GENDER-SPECIFIC FACTORS BOTH IN STATIC AND IN DYNAMIC FEATURES MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SPINAL PATHOLOGY AND CDA LONG-TERM RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14  3452  28 HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY SHARE COMMON CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDP) CONTRIBUTE SUBSTANTIALLY TO PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. EPIGENETIC CHANGES POINT TOWARDS CARDIO-METABOLIC DYSREGULATION FOR THESE VASCULAR DISORDERS. IN EARLY PREGNANCY, EPIGENETIC CHANGES USING CELL FREE DNA (CFDNA) ARE LARGELY UNEXPLORED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THESE IN HDP BETWEEN 11 AND 14 WEEKS OF GESTATION BY ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS. WE IDENTIFIED PATIENTS WITHOUT CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA (PE) (N = 11), WITH CHRONIC HYPERTENSION (HT) BUT WITHOUT PE DEVELOPMENT (N = 14), AND LACKING BOTH PE AND HT (N = 422). WE MATCHED PATIENTS ACCORDING TO PE RISK FACTORS INTO THREE GROUPS (N = 5 EACH GROUP): (1) PE: NO HT BUT PE DEVELOPMENT, (2) HT: CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT NO PE AND (3) CONTROL: NO PE OR HT. WE SUCCESSFULLY OPTIMIZED OUR CFDNA ISOLATION PROCESS PRIOR TO WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION CHANGES INDICATE A COMMON PREDISPOSITION IN PE AND HT GROUPS, CHIEFLY OF MATERNAL ORIGIN. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND ANNOTATED GENES POINT TOWARDS A COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR PREDISPOSITION IN PREECLAMPSIA AND HYPERTENSION GROUPS IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER. WE POSTULATE THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THE MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN HDP, WHICH IS ALREADY EVIDENT IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
15  2643  37 EPIGENOMIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION SITES IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DISEASE RISK CAN OFTEN BE MANAGED BY SMOKING CONTROL. SMOKING CAN INDUCE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, BUT THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING AT THE GENE LEVEL HAVE NOT BEEN WELL UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SITES IN CAUCASIANS. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SAME DNAM SITES ASSOCIATE WITH SMOKING IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND TO IDENTIFY NOVEL SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES, WE CONDUCTED A METHYLOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CIGARETTE SMOKING USING A DISCOVERY SAMPLE OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND A REPLICATION SAMPLE OF 239 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH TWO ARRAY-BASED METHODS. AMONG 15 DNAM SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING IN OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 5 DNAM SITES ARE REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT, AND 14 SITES IN THE REPLICATION SAMPLE HAVE EFFECTS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS IN THE DISCOVERY SAMPLE. THE TOP TWO SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES IN F2RL3 (FACTOR II RECEPTOR-LIKE 3) AND GPR15 (G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15) OBSERVED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN CAUCASIANS. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE REPLICATED DNAM SITES AND SMOKING REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND. DESPITE THE DISTINCT GENETIC BACKGROUND BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS, THE DNAM FROM THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS SHARES COMMON ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING, WHICH SUGGESTS A COMMON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  1960  43 EPIGENETIC AGING IN CHILDREN FROM A SMALL-SCALE FARMING SOCIETY IN THE CONGO BASIN: ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHILD GROWTH AND FAMILY CONFLICT. DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE INDIVIDUALS' LONG-TERM HEALTH TRAJECTORIES, AND THERE IS INCREASING EMPHASIS ON UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS THROUGH WHICH THIS OCCURS. EPIGENETIC AGING EVALUATES DNA METHYLATION AT A SUITE OF DISTINCT CPG SITES IN THE GENOME, AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (EAA) IS LINKED TO HEIGHTENED CHRONIC MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RISKS IN ADULTS. CONSEQUENTLY, EAA PROVIDES INSIGHTS ON TRAJECTORIES OF BIOLOGICAL AGING, WHICH EARLY LIFE EXPERIENCES MAY HELP SHAPE. HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES HAVE MEASURED CORRELATES OF CHILDREN'S EPIGENETIC AGING, ESPECIALLY OUTSIDE OF THE U.S. AND EUROPE. IN PARTICULAR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CHILDREN'S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT RELATE TO EAA IN ECOLOGIES IN WHICH ENERGETIC AND PATHOGENIC STRESSORS ARE COMMONPLACE. WE STUDIED EAA FROM DRIED BLOOD SPOTS AMONG BONDONGO CHILDREN (N = 54) RESIDING IN A SMALL-SCALE, FISHER-FARMER SOCIETY IN A REMOTE REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. HERE, INFECTIOUS DISEASE BURDENS AND THEIR RESULTANT ENERGY DEMANDS ARE HIGH. CHILDREN WHO WERE HEAVIER FOR HEIGHT OR TALLER FOR AGE, RESPECTIVELY, EXHIBITED GREATER EAA, INCLUDING INTRINSIC EAA, WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO MEASURE EAA INTERNAL TO CELLS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT CHILDREN IN FAMILIES WITH MORE CONFLICT BETWEEN PARENTS HAD GREATER INTRINSIC EAA. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN CONTEXTS IN WHICH LIMITED ENERGY MUST BE ALLOCATED TO COMPETING DEMANDS, MORE INVESTMENT IN GROWTH MAY COINCIDE WITH GREATER EAA, WHICH PARALLELS FINDINGS IN EUROPEAN CHILDREN WHO DO NOT FACE SIMILAR ENERGETIC CONSTRAINTS. OUR FINDINGS ALSO INDICATE THAT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ADVERSE FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS AND GREATER INTRINSIC EAA WERE NONETHELESS OBSERVABLE BUT ONLY AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR COVARIATES RELEVANT TO THE ENERGETICALLY AND IMMUNOLOGICALLY DEMANDING NATURE OF THE LOCAL ECOLOGY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  2411  43 EPIGENETIC SCORES FOR THE CIRCULATING PROTEOME AS TOOLS FOR DISEASE PREDICTION. PROTEIN BIOMARKERS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED ACROSS MANY AGE-RELATED MORBIDITIES. HOWEVER, CHARACTERISING EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES COULD FURTHER INFORM DISEASE PREDICTIONS. HERE, WE LEVERAGE EPIGENOME-WIDE DATA TO STUDY LINKS BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SIGNATURES OF THE CIRCULATING PROTEOME AND INCIDENT DISEASES. USING DATA FROM FOUR COHORTS, WE TRAINED AND TESTED EPIGENETIC SCORES (EPISCORES) FOR 953 PLASMA PROTEINS, IDENTIFYING 109 SCORES THAT EXPLAINED BETWEEN 1% AND 58% OF THE VARIANCE IN PROTEIN LEVELS AFTER ADJUSTING FOR KNOWN PROTEIN QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (PQTL) GENETIC EFFECTS. BY PROJECTING THESE EPISCORES INTO AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE (GENERATION SCOTLAND; N = 9537) AND RELATING THEM TO INCIDENT MORBIDITIES OVER A FOLLOW-UP OF 14 YEARS, WE UNCOVERED 137 EPISCORE-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS. THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF IMMUNE CELL PROPORTIONS, COMMON LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH FACTORS, AND BIOLOGICAL AGING. NOTABLY, WE FOUND THAT OUR DIABETES-ASSOCIATED EPISCORES HIGHLIGHTED PREVIOUS TOP BIOMARKER ASSOCIATIONS FROM PROTEOME-WIDE ASSESSMENTS OF DIABETES. THESE EPISCORES FOR PROTEIN LEVELS CAN THEREFORE BE A VALUABLE RESOURCE FOR DISEASE PREDICTION AND RISK STRATIFICATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  1343  44 DETECTING CORD BLOOD CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND EARLY CHILDHOOD GROWTH. BACKGROUND: EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) HAVE PROVIDED OPPORTUNITIES TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, AN IMPORTANT LIMITATION OF CONVENTIONAL EWAS IS THAT PROFILES OF EPIGENETIC VARIABILITY ARE OFTEN OBTAINED IN SAMPLES OF MIXED CELL TYPES. HERE, WE AIM TO ASSESS WHETHER CHANGES IN CORD BLOOD DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) ASSOCIATED WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM) EXPOSURE AND EARLY CHILDHOOD GROWTH MARKERS OCCUR IN A CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC MANNER. RESULTS: WE ANALYZED 275 CORD BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED AT DELIVERY FROM A PROSPECTIVE PRE-BIRTH COHORT WITH GENOME-WIDE DNAM PROFILED BY THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC ARRAY. WE ESTIMATED PROPORTIONS OF SEVEN COMMON CELL TYPES IN EACH SAMPLE USING A CORD BLOOD-SPECIFIC DNAM REFERENCE PANEL. LEVERAGING A RECENTLY DEVELOPED APPROACH NAMED CELLDMC, WE PERFORMED CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC EWAS TO IDENTIFY CPG LOCI SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH GDM, OR 3-YEAR-OLD BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) Z-SCORE. A TOTAL OF 1410 CPG LOCI DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANT CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION LEVEL BETWEEN 23 GDM CASES AND 252 CONTROLS WITH A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE < 0.05. GENE ONTOLOGY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT LDL TRANSPORTATION EMERGED FROM CPG SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED FROM B-CELLS DNAM ANALYSES AND THE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAY EMERGED FROM CPG SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED FROM NATURAL KILLER CELLS DNAM ANALYSES. IN ADDITION, WE IDENTIFIED FOUR AND SIX LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH 3-YEAR-OLD BMI Z-SCORE THAT WERE SPECIFIC TO CD8+ T-CELLS AND MONOCYTES, RESPECTIVELY. BY PERFORMING GENOME-WIDE PERMUTATION TESTS, WE VALIDATED THAT MOST OF OUR DETECTED SIGNALS HAD LOW FALSE POSITIVE RATES. CONCLUSION: COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL EWAS ADJUSTING FOR THE EFFECTS OF CELL TYPE HETEROGENEITY, THE PROPOSED APPROACH BASED ON CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC EWAS COULD PROVIDE ADDITIONAL BIOLOGICALLY MEANINGFUL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPG METHYLATION, PRENATAL MATERNAL GDM OR 3-YEAR-OLD BMI. WITH CAREFUL VALIDATION, THESE FINDINGS MAY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS, PROGRAMMING, AND CONSEQUENCES OF RELATED CHILDHOOD METABOLIC DYSREGULATION. THEREFORE, WE PROPOSE THAT CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC ANALYSES ARE WORTH CAUTIOUS EXPLORATIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  4015  34 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20   667  60 BLOOD-BASED EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSES OF 19 COMMON DISEASE STATES: A LONGITUDINAL, POPULATION-BASED LINKED COHORT STUDY OF 18,413 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION IS A DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THAT OCCURS AT CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) SITES. EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) INVESTIGATE THE STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. ALTHOUGH BLOOD METHYLATION MAY ACT AS A PERIPHERAL MARKER OF COMMON DISEASE STATES, PREVIOUS EWAS HAVE TYPICALLY FOCUSED ONLY ON INDIVIDUAL CONDITIONS AND HAVE HAD LIMITED POWER TO DISCOVER DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI. THIS STUDY EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF 14 DISEASE STATES AND THE INCIDENCE OF 19 DISEASE STATES IN A SINGLE POPULATION OF OVER 18,000 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSAYED AT 752,722 CPG SITES IN WHOLE-BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 18,413 VOLUNTEERS IN THE FAMILY-STRUCTURED, POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY GENERATION SCOTLAND (AGE RANGE 18 TO 99 YEARS). EWAS TESTED FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 14 PREVALENT DISEASE STATES, AND FOR LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 19 INCIDENT DISEASE STATES. PREVALENT CASES WERE SELF-REPORTED ON HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRES AT THE BASELINE. INCIDENT CASES WERE IDENTIFIED USING LINKAGE TO SCOTTISH PRIMARY (READ 2) AND SECONDARY (ICD-10) CARE RECORDS, AND THE CENSORING DATE WAS SET TO OCTOBER 2020. THE MEAN TIME-TO-DIAGNOSIS RANGED FROM 5.0 YEARS (FOR CHRONIC PAIN) TO 11.7 YEARS (FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION). THE 19 DISEASE STATES CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY WERE SELECTED IF THEY WERE PRESENT ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION'S 10 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AND DISEASE BURDEN OR INCLUDED IN BASELINE SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRES. EWAS MODELS WERE ADJUSTED FOR AGE AT METHYLATION TYPING, SEX, ESTIMATED WHITE BLOOD CELL COMPOSITION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND 5 COMMON LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS. A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW WAS ALSO CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY EXISTING EWAS FOR ALL 19 DISEASE STATES TESTED. THE MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND PREPRINT SERVERS WERE SEARCHED TO RETRIEVE RELEVANT ARTICLES INDEXED AS OF MARCH 27, 2023. FIFTY-FOUR OF APPROXIMATELY 2,000 INDEXED ARTICLES MET OUR INCLUSION CRITERIA: ASSAYED BLOOD-BASED DNA METHYLATION, HAD >20 INDIVIDUALS IN EACH COMPARISON GROUP, AND EXAMINED ONE OF THE 19 CONDITIONS CONSIDERED. FIRST, WE ASSESSED WHETHER THE ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFIED IN OUR STUDY WERE REPORTED IN PREVIOUS STUDIES. WE IDENTIFIED 69 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPGS AND THE PREVALENCE OF 4 CONDITIONS, OF WHICH 58 WERE NEWLY DESCRIBED. THE CONDITIONS WERE BREAST CANCER, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. WE ALSO UNCOVERED 64 CPGS THAT ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF 2 DISEASE STATES (COPD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES), OF WHICH 56 WERE NOT REPORTED IN THE SURVEYED LITERATURE. SECOND, WE ASSESSED REPLICATION ACROSS EXISTING STUDIES, WHICH WAS DEFINED AS THE REPORTING OF AT LEAST 1 COMMON SITE IN >2 STUDIES THAT EXAMINED THE SAME CONDITION. ONLY 6/19 DISEASE STATES HAD EVIDENCE OF SUCH REPLICATION. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY INCLUDE THE NONCONSIDERATION OF MEDICATION DATA AND A POTENTIAL LACK OF GENERALIZABILITY TO INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE NOT OF SCOTTISH AND EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. CONCLUSIONS: WE DISCOVERED OVER 100 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BLOOD METHYLATION SITES AND COMMON DISEASE STATES, INDEPENDENTLY OF MAJOR CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS, AND A NEED FOR GREATER STANDARDISATION AMONG EWAS ON HUMAN DISEASE.	2023