1   414 131 ANALYSIS OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IN STOOL: A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER. BACKGROUND & AIMS: DETECTION OF TUMOR-DERIVED DNA ALTERATIONS IN STOOL IS AN INTRIGUING NEW APPROACH WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THE NONINVASIVE DETECTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). BECAUSE OF HETEROGENEITY OF TUMORS, USUALLY MULTIPLE MARKERS DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE HUMAN GENOME NEED TO BE ANALYZED. THIS IS LABOR INTENSIVE AND DOES NOT ALLOW FOR HIGH THROUGH-PUT SCREENING. THEREFORE, MARKERS WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY AND GOOD SPECIFICITY ARE NEEDED. WE EXPLORED THE POTENTIAL OF A SINGLE EPIGENETIC MARKER IN COMPARISON WITH FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TESTING (FOBT) FOR THE DISCRIMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH CRCS AND ADENOMAS FROM THOSE WITHOUT. METHODS: METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) WAS PERFORMED TO ANALYZE HYPERMETHYLATED IN CANCER 1 (HIC1) PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS IN A BLINDED FASHION IN STOOL SAMPLES FROM 26 PATIENTS WITH CRC, 13 WITH ADENOMA > OR =1 CM, 9 WITH HYPERPLASTIC POLYPS, 9 WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, AND 32 WITH ENDOSCOPICALLY NORMAL COLON. RESULTS: NINETY-SEVEN PERCENT OF THE STOOL SAMPLES CONTAINED AMPLIFIABLE DNA. FORTY-TWO PERCENT OF THE SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH CRC AND 31% OF THE SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL ADENOMA > OR =1 CM WERE POSITIVE FOR HIC1 PROMOTER METHYLATION. NO METHYLATED HIC1 PROMOTER DNA WAS DETECTED IN THE FECAL DNA FROM PATIENTS WITH ENDOSCOPICALLY NORMAL COLON OR HYPERPLASTIC POLYPS. CONCLUSIONS: THE EPIGENETIC MARKER HIC1 PROMOTER METHYLATION CARRIES HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THE REMOTE DETECTION OF CRCS. WE POSTULATE THAT A PANEL OF MERELY A FEW GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS WILL BE REQUIRED FOR THE HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC DETECTION OF CRCS AND ADENOMAS IN FECAL SAMPLES FROM AFFECTED PATIENTS.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  4363  45 MIRNA AS MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC SCREENING OF COLON CANCER. EARLY SCREENING FOR COLON CANCER (CC) ALLOWS FOR EARLY STAGE DIAGNOSIS OF THE MALIGNANCY AND POTENTIALLY REDUCES DISEASE MORTALITY AS THE CANCER IS MOST LIKELY CURABLE AT ITS EARLIEST STAGES. EARLY DETECTION WOULD BE DESIRABLE IF ACCURATE, PRACTICAL AND COST-EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES FOR THIS CANCER WERE AVAILABLE. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY FROM CC REPRESENT A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM INVOLVING A MALIGNANT DISEASE THAT IS THEORETICALLY PREVENTABLE THROUGH SCREENING. CURRENT SCREENING METHODS (E.G., THE CONVENIENT AND INEXPENSIVE IMMUNOLOGICAL FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST, FOBTI, OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS' MEDICAL RECORDS) EITHER LACK SENSITIVITY AND REQUIRE DIETARY RESTRICTION, WHICH IMPEDES COMPLIANCE AND USE; ARE COSTLY (E.G., COLONOSCOPY), WHICH DECREASES COMPLIANCE; OR COULD RESULT IN MORTALITY. IN COMPARISON WITH THE FOBT TEST, A NON-INVASIVE SENSITIVE SCREEN FOR WHICH THERE IS NO REQUIREMENT FOR DIETARY RESTRICTION WOULD BE A MORE CONVENIENT TEST. COLORECTAL CANCER IS THE ONLY CANCER FOR WHICH COLONOSCOPY IS RECOMMENDED AS A SCREENING METHOD. ALTHOUGH COLONOSCOPY IS A RELIABLE SCREENING TOOL, THE INVASIVE NATURE, ABDOMINAL PAIN, POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND HIGH COST HAVE HAMPERED THE APPLICATION OF THIS PROCEDURE WORLDWIDE. A SCREENING APPROACH USING THE STABLE MIRNA MOLECULES, WHICH ARE RELATIVELY NON-DEGRADABLE WHEN EXTRACTED FROM NON-INVASIVE STOOL AND SEMI-INVASIVE BLOOD SAMPLES BY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE KITS AND MANIPULATED THEREAFTER, WOULD BE PREFERABLE TO A TRANSCRIPTOMIC MRNA-, A MUTATION DNA-, AN EPIGENETIC- OR A PROTEOMIC-BASED TEST. THE APPROACH USES REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, MODIFIED REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR. ALTHOUGH EXOSOMAL RNA WOULD BE MISSED, USING A RESTRICTED EXTRACTION OF TOTAL RNA FROM STOOL OR BLOOD, A PARALLEL TEST COULD ALSO BE CARRIED OUT ON RNA OBTAINED FROM STOOL OR PLASMA SAMPLES, AND APPROPRIATE CORRECTIONS FOR EXSOSOMAL LOSS CAN BE MADE FOR ACCURATE AND QUANTITATIVE TEST RESULT. EVENTUALLY, A CHIP CAN BE DEVELOPED TO FACILITATE DIAGNOSIS, AS HAS BEEN DONE FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN FOODS. THE GOLD STANDARD TO WHICH THE MOLECULAR MIRNA TEST IS COMPARED IS COLONOSCOPY, WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS' MEDICAL RECORDS. IF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ARE MET, AS DETAILED HEREIN, A MIRNA TEST IN HUMAN STOOL OR BLOOD SAMPLES BASED ON HIGH-THROUGHPUT AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGIES AND QUANTITATIVE EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS COMMONLY USED IN THE DIAGNOSTIC CLINICAL LABORATORY SHOULD BE ADVANCED TO THE CLINICAL SETTING, WHICH WILL MAKE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON CC PREVENTION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
3   312  32 ALCOHOL FEEDING IN MICE PROMOTES COLONIC HYPERPERMEABILITY AND CHANGES IN COLONIC ORGANOID STEM CELL FATE. BACKGROUND: ALCOHOL INCREASES INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY TO PROINFLAMMATORY MICROBIAL PRODUCTS THAT PROMOTE LIVER DISEASE, EVEN AFTER A PERIOD OF SOBRIETY. WE SOUGHT TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ALCOHOL AFFECTS INTESTINAL STEM CELLS USING AN IN VIVO MODEL AND EX VIVO ORGANOIDS GENERATED FROM JEJUNUM AND COLON FROM MICE FED CHRONIC ALCOHOL. METHODS: MICE WERE FED A CONTROL OR AN ALCOHOL DIET. INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY, LIVER STEATOSIS-INFLAMMATION, AND STOOL SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (SCFAS) WERE MEASURED. JEJUNUM AND COLONIC ORGANOIDS AND TISSUE WERE STAINED FOR STEM CELL, CELL LINEAGE, AND APICAL JUNCTION MARKERS WITH ASSESSMENT OF MRNA BY PCR AND RNA-SEQ. CHIP-PCR ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT FOR NOTCH1 USING AN ANTIBODY SPECIFIC FOR ACETYLATED HISTONE 3. RESULTS: ALCOHOL-FED MICE EXHIBITED COLONIC (BUT NOT SMALL INTESTINAL) HYPERPERMEABILITY, STEATOHEPATITIS, AND DECREASED BUTYRATE/TOTAL SCFA RATIO IN STOOL. STEM CELL, CELL LINEAGE, AND APICAL JUNCTION MARKER STAINING IN TISSUE OR ORGANOIDS FROM JEJUNUM TISSUE WERE NOT IMPACTED BY ALCOHOL. ONLY CHROMOGRANIN A (CHGA) WAS INCREASED IN JEJUNUM ORGANOIDS BY QPCR. HOWEVER, COLONIC TISSUE AND ORGANOID STAINING EXHIBITED AN ALCOHOL-INDUCED SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN CYTOKERATIN 20+ (KRT20+) ABSORPTIVE LINEAGE ENTEROCYTES, A DECREASE IN OCCLUDIN AND E-CADHERIN APICAL JUNCTION PROTEINS, AN INCREASE IN CHGA, AND AN INCREASE IN THE LGR5 STEM CELL MARKER. QPCR REVEALED AN ALCOHOL-INDUCED DECREASE IN COLONIC ORGANOID AND TISSUE NOTCH1, HES1, AND KRT20 AND INCREASED CHGA, SUPPORTING AN ALTERATION IN STEM CELL FATE DUE TO DECREASED NOTCH1 EXPRESSION. COLONIC TISSUE CHIP-PCR REVEALED ALCOHOL FEEDING SUPPRESSED NOTCH1 MRNA EXPRESSION (VIA DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3) AND DECREASED NOTCH1 TISSUE STAINING. CONCLUSIONS: DATA SUPPORT A MODEL FOR ALCOHOL-INDUCED COLONIC HYPERPERMEABILITY VIA EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON NOTCH1, AND THUS HES1, SUPPRESSION THROUGH A MECHANISM INVOLVING HISTONE H3 DEACETYLATION AT THE NOTCH1 LOCUS. THIS DECREASED ENTEROCYTE AND INCREASED ENTEROENDOCRINE CELL COLONIC STEM CELL FATE AND DECREASED APICAL JUNCTIONAL PROTEINS LEADING TO HYPERPERMEABILITY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  3665  31 INFECTION AS A POTENTIAL COFACTOR IN THE GENETIC-EPIGENETIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: THE GENETIC-EPIGENETIC THEORY POSTULATES THAT ENDOMETRIOSIS IS TRIGGERED BY A CUMULATIVE SET OF GENETIC-EPIGENETIC (GE) INCIDENTS. PELVIC AND UPPER GENITAL TRACT INFECTION MIGHT INDUCE GE INCIDENTS AND THUS PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS. THUS, THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO REVIEW THE ASSOCIATION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS WITH UPPER GENITAL TRACT AND PELVIC INFECTIONS. METHODS: PUBMED, SCOPUS AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE SEARCHED FOR 'ENDOMETRIOSIS AND (INFECTION OR PID OR BACTERIA OR VIRUSES OR MICROBIOME OR MICROBIOTA)', FOR 'REPRODUCTIVE MICROBIOME' AND FOR 'REPRODUCTIVE MICROBIOME AND ENDOMETRIOSIS', RESPECTIVELY. ALL 384 ARTICLES, THE FIRST 120 'BEST MATCH' ARTICLES IN PUBMED FOR 'REPRODUCTIVE MICROBIOME' AND THE FIRST 160 HITS IN GOOGLE SCHOLAR FOR 'REPRODUCTIVE MICROBIOME AND ENDOMYTRIOSIS' WERE HAND SEARCHED FOR DATA DESCRIBING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENDOMETRIOSIS AND BACTERIAL, VIRAL OR OTHER INFECTIONS. ALL 31 ARTICLES FOUND WERE INCLUDED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT. RESULTS: WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS HAVE A SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED RISK OF LOWER GENITAL TRACT INFECTION, CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS, SEVERE PID AND SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AFTER HYSTERECTOMY. THEY HAVE MORE COLONY FORMING UNITS OF GARDNERELLA, STREPTOCOCCUS, ENTEROCOCCI AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN THE ENDOMETRIUM. IN THE CERVIX ATOPOBIUM IS ABSENT, BUT GARDNERELLA, STREPTOCOCCUS, ESCHERICHIA, SHIGELLA, AND UREOPLASMA ARE INCREASED. THEY HAVE HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS IN MENSTRUAL BLOOD. A SHIGELLA/ESCHERICHIA DOMINANT STOOL MICROBIOME IS MORE FREQUENT. THE PERITONEAL FLUID OF WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS CONTAINS HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS AND AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF MOLLICUTES AND OF HPV VIRUSES. ENDOMETRIOSIS LESIONS HAVE A SPECIFIC BACTERIAL COLONISATION WITH MORE FREQUENTLY MOLLICUTES (54%) AND BOTH HIGH AND MEDIUM-RISK HPV INFECTIONS (11%). THEY CONTAIN DNA WITH 96% HOMOLOGY WITH SHIGELLA. IN MICE TRANSPLANTED ENDOMETRIUM CHANGES THE GUT MICROBIOME WHILE THE GUT MICROBIOME INFLUENCES THE GROWTH OF THESE ENDOMETRIOSIS LESIONS. CONCLUSIONS: ENDOMETRIOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE UPPER GENITAL TRACT AND PERITONEAL INFECTIONS. THESE INFECTIONS MIGHT BE CO-FACTORS CAUSING GE INCIDENTS AND INFLUENCING ENDOMETRIOSIS GROWTH.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5  4269  22 MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS AND LACK OF SCFA PRODUCTION IN A SPANISH COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC, DEMYELINATING, AND IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSED BY A COMBINATION OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE INCIDENCE OF MS HAS INCREASED IN THE PAST SEVERAL DECADES, SUGGESTING CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS. MUCH EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MS; HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE DYSBIOSIS ON ITS FUNCTION. THE MICROBIOTA PRODUCES THOUSANDS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AMONG WHICH ARE NOTABLE THE SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACID (SCFA) EXCRETION. OBJECTIVES: ANALYZE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROBIOTA, SCFAS, DIET, AND MS. METHODS: 16S, NUTRITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRES, AND SCFAS QUANTIFICATION HAVE BEEN RECOVERED FROM MS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS REVEALED AN INCREMENT IN THE PHYLUM PROTEOBACTERIA, ESPECIALLY THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, A LACK IN TOTAL SCFA EXCRETION, AND AN ALTERED PROFILE OF SCFAS IN A SPANISH COHORT OF MS PATIENTS. THESE ALTERATIONS ARE MORE EVIDENT IN PATIENTS WITH HIGHER DISABILITY. CONCLUSIONS: THE ABUNDANCE OF PROTEOBACTERIA AND ACETATE AND THE LOW EXCRETION OF TOTAL SCFAS, ESPECIALLY BUTYRATE, ARE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF MS PATIENTS, AND BESIDES, BOTH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A WORSE PROGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  6416  25 THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) PROGRAM: AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ADVANCING POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES. PURPOSE: THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2008 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN (UW) SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH (SMPH) WITH THE GOALS OF 1) PROVIDING A TIMELY AND ACCURATE PICTURE OF THE HEALTH OF THE STATE RESIDENTS; AND 2) SERVING AS AN AGILE RESOURCE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ANCILLARY STUDIES. TODAY SHOW CONTINUES TO SERVE AS A VITAL POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE. PARTICIPANTS: SHOW CURRENTLY INCLUDES 5,846 ADULT AND 980 MINOR PARTICIPANTS RECRUITED BETWEEN 2008-2019 IN FOUR PRIMARY WAVES. WAVE I (2008-2013) INCLUDES ANNUAL STATEWIDE REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES OF 3,380 ADULTS AGES 21 TO 74 YEARS. WAVE II (2014-2016) IS A TRIANNUAL STATEWIDE SAMPLE OF 1957 ADULTS (AGE >/=18 YEARS) AND 645 CHILDREN. WAVE III (2017) CONSISTS OF FOLLOW-UP OF 725 ADULTS FROM THE WAVE I AND BASELINE SURVEYS OF 222 CHILDREN IN SELECTED HOUSEHOLDS. WAVES II AND III INCLUDE STOOL SAMPLES COLLECTED AS PART OF AN ANCILLARY STUDY IN A SUBSET OF 784 INDIVIDUALS. WAVE IV CONSIST OF 517 ADULTS AND 113 CHILDREN RECRUITED FROM TRADITIONALLY UNDER-REPRESENTED POPULATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INCLUDING AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, WI. FINDINGS TO DATE: THE SHOW PROVIDES EXTENSIVE DATA TO EXAMINE THE INTERSECTIONALITY OF MULTIPLE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND POPULATION HEALTH. SHOW INCLUDES A LARGE BIOREPOSITORY AND EXTENSIVE HEALTH DATA COLLECTED IN A GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. OVER 60 STUDIES HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED COVERING A BROAD RANGE OF TOPICS INCLUDING, URBAN AND RURAL DISPARITIES IN CARDIO-METABOLIC DISEASE AND CANCER, OBJECTIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, GREEN-SPACE AND MENTAL HEALTH, TRANSCRIPTOMICS, THE GUT MICROBIOME, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE, AIR POLLUTION, CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS AND HEAVY METAL EXPOSURES. FUTURE PLANS: THE SHOW COHORT IS AVAILABLE FOR CONTINUED LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP AND ANCILLARY STUDIES INCLUDING GENETIC, MULTI-OMIC AND TRANSLATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, AGING, MICROBIOME AND COVID-19 RESEARCH. ARTICLE SUMMARY: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) IS AN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADVANCE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE COLLECTION AND BROADER DATA ON INDIVIDUAL AND NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.THE EXTENSIVE DATA FROM DIVERSE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OFFERS A UNIQUE STUDY SAMPLE TO COMPARE HOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC GRADIENTS SHAPE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.THE OBJECTIVE HEALTH DATA SUPPORTS NOVEL INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH INITIATIVES AND IS ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR RESEARCH IN CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES (PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, SOCIAL) ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE ON CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH, IMMUNITY, AND AGING RELATED CONDITIONS.THE EXTENSIVE BIOREPOSITORY SUPPORTS NOVEL OMICS RESEARCH INTO COMMON BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NUMEROUS COMPLEX CHRONIC CONDITIONS INCLUDING INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, METABOLOMICS, AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION.ANCILLARY STUDIES, SUCH AS THE WISCONSIN MICROBIOME STUDY, HAVE EXPANDED THE UTILITY OF THE STUDY TO EXAMINE HUMAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.LONG-STANDING PARTNERSHIPS AND RECENT PARTICIPATION AMONG TRADITIONALLY UNDER-REPRESENTED POPULATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH OFFER NUMEROUS OPPORTUNITIES TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY-DRIVEN HEALTH EQUITY WORK.NO BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AMONG CHILDREN.THE STATEWIDE SAMPLING FRAME MAY LIMIT GENERALIZABILITY TO OTHER REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.	2021	

7  4673  26 NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS (FGID), CHARACTERIZED BY ABDOMINAL PAIN AND A CHANGE IN STOOL FORM THAT CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES. ITS PREVALENCE RANGES FROM 9 TO 23% OF THE WORLDWIDE POPULATION. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IBS IS DIVERSE AND NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONCEPT ASSUMES THAT THE DISEASE IS A PRODUCT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ALTERED AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF GUT PHYSIOLOGY INTERACTIONS. SOME AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, YET. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT IS THE DISRUPTION OF BRAIN-GUT MUTUAL COMMUNICATION THAT LEADS TO VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. ALSO GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE INVOLVED. CHRONIC STRESS MAY PREDISPOSE TO IBS AS WELL AS EXACERBATE ITS SYMPTOMS. BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISORDERS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA ARE OBSERVED. THERE IS ALSO A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IBS SYMPTOMS AND THE INTAKE OF A SPECIFIC TYPE OF FOOD PRODUCTS. IN THE DIARRHOEA TYPE OF IBS THE ROLE OF PREVIOUS GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION IS DEMONSTRATED. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IBS MAY BE SECONDARY TO THE ACTIVATION OF THE IMMUNE CELLS AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF IBS INCLUDE ABDOMINAL PAIN AND CHANGE IN BOWEL HABITS AS WELL AS SOMATIC AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES. IBS IS DIAGNOSED ON THE BASIS OF ROME DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA. RECENTLY, THEIR NEWEST VERSION (ROME IV) HAS BEEN PRESENTED. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO SUMMARIZE THE PAST DECADE PROGRESS IN IBS DIAGNOSIS, MAIN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8  3179  34 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  3850  25 IS GENDER A FACTOR AFFECTING LONG-TERM HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE AFTER SINGLE-LEVEL CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY? BACKGROUND: CERVICAL DISC DISEASES HAVE BEEN TREATED BY CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (CDA). NEVERTHELESS, SOME PATIENTS WILL EXPERIENCE A MOBILITY FAILURE IN THEIR CERVICAL PROSTHESES OVER TIME BECAUSE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER CDA. METHODS: A RETROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER STUDY OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WITH A BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS WAS PERFORMED, INCLUDING A NARRATIVE REVIEW ABOUT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BOTH STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE. RESULTS: STUDY PATIENTS (14 MEN, 30 WOMEN) HAD AN AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP OF 9.8 +/- 3.2 YEARS. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EMERGED BETWEEN GENDERS FOR SPECIFIC ITEMS IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, WITH WOMEN REPORTING WORSE PAIN SCORES (P = 0.05). AFTER STRATIFICATION BY AGE, WE FOUND A HIGHER PREOPERATIVE OVERALL NECK DISABILITY INDEX SCORE FOR FEMALE PATIENTS <36 YEARS OF AGE (P = 0.03). IN AN INTERGENDER, BODY MASS INDEX-SPECIFIC COMPARISON, WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE SCORE WITH NORMAL-WEIGHT MALE PATIENTS FARING WORSE THAN OVERWEIGHT MALE PATIENTS (P = 0.05). AT A RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WE FOUND A TENDENCY TOWARD A HIGHER HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE IN MALE PATIENTS (62% IN MEN, 17% IN WOMEN, P = 0.06). THE FEMALE CERVICAL SPINE HAS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, INCLUDING BONE STRUCTURE, MUSCULAR ACTION, SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONCLUSIONS: THE INCIDENCE OF MOBILITY FAILURE IN OUR SERIES OF SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WAS LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SEVERAL GENDER-SPECIFIC FACTORS BOTH IN STATIC AND IN DYNAMIC FEATURES MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SPINAL PATHOLOGY AND CDA LONG-TERM RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10  5395  28 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
11  1194  41 CORRELATION OF EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES IS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR TUMORIGENESIS. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (OSF) IS A PRECANCEROUS CONDITION OF ORAL MUCOSA WITH INFLAMMATION AND PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS OF THE LAMINA PROPRIA AND DEEPER CONNECTIVE TISSUE. THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 (COX-2) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY DEMONSTRATE A MILD LESION/MUTATION AT EPIGENETIC LEVELS. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER AND PATIENTS WITH OSF AND ALSO AIMS TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSF. METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES OF 50 HEALTHY SUBJECTS, 50 PATIENTS WITH OSF AND 60 PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS PERFORMED ON THESE SAMPLES AND THE PRODUCTS WERE ANALYZED ON 2% AGAROSE GEL. SURVEYS ABOUT ORAL HEALTH HABITS AND CLINICAL PERIODONTAL EXAMINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH OSF AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE ALSO CONDUCTED BY WELL-TRAINED DENTISTS, AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. RESULTS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS OBSERVED IN 36% AND 22% OF ORAL CANCER SAMPLES, RESPECTIVELY. IN PATIENTS WITH OSF, THE RATES WERE 52% AND 30%, AND IN HEALTHY CONTROLS THE RATES WERE 4% AND 6%. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS SHOWN TO BE CORRELATED BETWEEN THE 3 GROUPS WITH STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE (P<0.01). METHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS IN E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN PATIENTS WITH OSF THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP, BUT LESS FREQUENTLY THAN IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS, SMOKING, BRUSHING MORE THAN TWICE DAILY, PERIODONTAL PROBING DEPTH AND PLAQUE INDEX WERE IDENTIFIED AS 4 MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA CONFIRM THAT E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 EXPRESSIONS ARE RELATED TO OSF. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES PRESENTED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MIGHT DEMONSTRATE AN IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION IN THE TISSUES OR ORGANS SIMILAR TO THE EFFECTS OF CANCER. CHRONIC OSF WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION, A CANCER RISK FACTOR.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12   639  31 BIOMARKERS FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A MULTIFACETED CONDITION THAT AFFECTS MOST BODY SYSTEMS. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO KNOWN DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; INSTEAD, DIAGNOSIS IS DEPENDENT ON APPLICATION OF SYMPTOM-BASED CASE CRITERIA FOLLOWING EXCLUSION OF ANY OTHER POTENTIAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS. WHILE THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT REPORT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ME/CFS, THEIR EFFICACY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO COLLATE AND APPRAISE LITERATURE PERTAINING TO A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER(S) WHICH MAY EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATE ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES AND COCHRANE REVIEW GUIDELINES. PUBMED, EMBASE AND SCOPUS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES CONTAINING "BIOMARKER" AND "ME/CFS" KEYWORDS IN THE ABSTRACT OR TITLE AND IF THEY INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: (1) WERE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN DECEMBER 1994 AND APRIL 2022; (2) INVOLVED ADULT HUMAN PARTICIPANTS; (3) FULL TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH (4) ORIGINAL RESEARCH; (5) DIAGNOSIS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS MADE ACCORDING TO THE FUKUDA CRITERIA (1994), CANADIAN CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2003), INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2011) OR INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE CRITERIA (2015); (6) STUDY INVESTIGATED POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ME/CFS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUALITY AND BIAS WERE ASSESSED USING THE JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST FOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 101 PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RANGED FROM GENETIC/EPIGENETIC (19.8%), IMMUNOLOGICAL (29.7%), METABOLOMICS/MITOCHONDRIAL/MICROBIOME (14.85%), ENDOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY (17.82%), NEUROLOGICAL (7.92%), ION CHANNEL (8.91%) AND PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS (8.91%). MOST OF THE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS REPORTED WERE BLOOD-BASED (79.2%). USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE ME/CFS PATHOLOGY WAS PROMINENT AMONG IMMUNE-BASED BIOMARKERS. MOST BIOMARKERS HAD SECONDARY (43.56%) OR TERTIARY (54.47%) SELECTIVITY, WHICH IS THE ABILITY FOR THE BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY A DISEASE-CAUSING AGENT, AND A MODERATE (59.40%) TO COMPLEX (39.60%) EASE-OF-DETECTION, INCLUDING THE REQUIREMENT OF SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT. CONCLUSIONS: ALL POTENTIAL ME/CFS BIOMARKERS DIFFERED IN EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND TRANSLATABILITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. REPRODUCIBILITY OF FINDINGS BETWEEN THE INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS WERE LIMITED, HOWEVER, SEVERAL STUDIES VALIDATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ME/CFS AND THE USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOMECHANISM OF ILLNESS. THE HETEROGENEITY SHOWN ACROSS MANY OF THE INCLUDED STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND UNIFORM PROTOCOLS IN ME/CFS BIOMARKER RESEARCH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  1058  26 CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY, DEPRESSION, OR ANXIETY. PURPOSE: SUSTAINED HIGH STRESS EXPOSURE RESULTS IN CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM, DYSREGULATED STRESS RESPONSES, HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, AND POOR LATER-LIFE HEALTH. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS FACE STRESSORS RELATED TO THEIR CONDITION IN ADDITION TO THOSE TYPICAL OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, PLACING THEM AT RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECONDARY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE WHETHER YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS DIFFER FROM CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TWO DATASETS, THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD OF A TERTIARY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND DATA FROM THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN, COMPARED YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS TO CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES EXPLORED WHETHER PARENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCED THESE RELATIONSHIPS. RESULTS: ANALYSES IDENTIFIED DIFFERENCES IN BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE BETWEEN YOUTH WITH FOOD ALLERGY, ANXIETY, OR DEPRESSION, AND CONTROLS. THESE RELATIONSHIPS DIFFERED FOR MALES AND FEMALES AND FOR THOSE WITH COMORBID MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, AND WERE INFLUENCED BY PARENT STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS SUPPORT FUTURE STUDIES EXPLORING WHETHER HIGH STRESS IN YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS LEADS TO INCREASED ALLOSTATIC LOAD. INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS WILL PROVIDE CRITICAL INSIGHTS. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: YOUTH WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CHCS MAY BE AT INCREASED RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, REFLECTED IN CLINICAL MEASURES OF METABOLISM, AND SHOULD HAVE REGULAR ASSESSMENTS OF THEIR METABOLIC HEALTH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  3056  32 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15  2207  34 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY IN MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS). BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A DEBILITATING IDIOPATHIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE THAT FAILS TO RESOLVE WITH SUFFICIENT REST. DIAGNOSIS IS BASED ON A LIST OF SYMPTOMS AND EXCLUSION OF OTHER FATIGUE-RELATED HEALTH CONDITIONS. DESPITE A HETEROGENEOUS PATIENT POPULATION, IMMUNE AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS FUNCTION DIFFERENCES, SUCH AS ENHANCED NEGATIVE FEEDBACK TO GLUCOCORTICOIDS, ARE RECURRING FINDINGS IN ME/CFS STUDIES. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS CPG METHYLATION, ARE KNOWN TO REGULATE LONG-TERM PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES AND PREVIOUS WORK BY OUR GROUP FOUND DNA METHYLOME DIFFERENCES IN ME/CFS, HOWEVER THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLOME MODIFICATIONS, CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH ME/CFS HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED. METHODS: WE EXAMINED THE DNA METHYLOME IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF A LARGER COHORT OF FEMALE ME/CFS PATIENTS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. IN PARALLEL TO THE DNA METHYLOME ANALYSIS, WE INVESTIGATED IN VITRO GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY DIFFERENCES BY STIMULATING PBMCS WITH PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ AND SUPPRESSED GROWTH WITH DEXAMETHASONE. WE EXPLORED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND STATISTICAL PERMUTATION. LINEAR REGRESSION WAS IMPLEMENTED TO DISCOVER EPIGENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF GENE ONTOLOGY TERMS TO BIOLOGICALLY CONTEXTUALIZE RESULTS. RESULTS: WE DETECTED 12,608 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES BETWEEN ME/CFS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS PREDOMINANTLY LOCALIZED TO CELLULAR METABOLISM GENES, SOME OF WHICH WERE ALSO RELATED TO SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE HEALTH SCORES. AMONG ME/CFS PATIENTS, GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AT 13 LOCI. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS INDICATE DNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS IN CELLULAR METABOLISM IN ME/CFS DESPITE A HETEROGENEOUS PATIENT POPULATION, IMPLICATING THESE PROCESSES IN IMMUNE AND HPA AXIS DYSFUNCTION IN ME/CFS. MODIFICATIONS TO EPIGENETIC LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENCES IN GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY MAY BE IMPORTANT AS BIOMARKERS FOR FUTURE CLINICAL TESTING. OVERALL, THESE FINDINGS ALIGN WITH RECENT ME/CFS WORK THAT POINT TOWARDS IMPAIRMENT IN CELLULAR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THIS PATIENT POPULATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  5882  32 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17   502  35 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   846  29 CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN T CELLS. BACKGROUND: EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) INCREASES ATOPY; IT IS UNCLEAR HOW PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO INCREASED SEVERITY OF ATOPIC DISEASES. OBJECTIVE: WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO IMPAIRMENT OF IMMUNITY IN ATOPIC CHILDREN (DEFINED AS CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA AND/OR ALLERGIC RHINITIS) FROM FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, AN AREA WITH ELEVATED AMBIENT PAHS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 256 SUBJECTS FROM FRESNO, CA. AMBIENT PAH CONCENTRATIONS (NG/M(3) ) WERE MEASURED USING A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REGRESSION MODEL OVER MULTIPLE TIME PERIODS. ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS WAS DETERMINED BY CURRENT NHLBI CRITERIA. PHENOTYPING AND FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED FROM ISOLATED CELLS. FOR EPIGENETIC MEASUREMENTS, DNA WAS ISOLATED AND PYROSEQUENCED. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT HIGHER AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED TREG FUNCTION AND INCREASED METHYLATION IN THE FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN 3 (FOXP3) LOCUS (P < 0.05), CONDITIONAL ON ATOPIC STATUS. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF FOXP3 (P < 0.001). METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR FUNCTIONAL CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY TREG DYSFUNCTION, AND AN INCREASE IN TOTAL PLASMA IGE LEVELS. PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF IL-10 DECREASED AND IFN-GAMMA INCREASED AS THE EXTENT OF PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED. THE STRENGTH OF THE ASSOCIATIONS GENERALLY INCREASED AS THE TIME WINDOW FOR AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED FROM 24 HR TO 1 YEAR, SUGGESTING MORE OF A CHRONIC RESPONSE. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC PAH EXPOSURE AND IMMUNE OUTCOMES WERE ALSO OBSERVED IN SUBJECTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN A KEY LOCUS INVOLVED IN ATOPY: FOXP3, WITH A HIGHER IMPACT ON ATOPIC CHILDREN. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED ATOPIC CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN COULD BE LINKED TO INCREASED PAH EXPOSURE IN AIR POLLUTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19   119  28 A SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION OF BRAIN VOLUMETRIC ABNORMALITIES IN RECENT-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA USING VOXEL-BASED, SURFACE-BASED AND REGION-OF-INTEREST-BASED MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES. BACKGROUND: BRAIN MORPHOMETRIC ABNORMALITIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE. WHOLE-BRAIN VOLUMETRIC REDUCTIONS ARE ALMOST UNIVERSALLY REPORTED BY MOST STUDIES IRRESPECTIVE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLES STUDIED (E.G., CHRONIC/RECENT-ONSET; MEDICATED/NEUROLEPTIC-NAIVE ETC.). HOWEVER, THE SAME CANNOT BE SAID OF THE REPORTED REGIONAL MORPHOMETRIC ABNORMALITIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. WHILE CERTAIN REGIONAL MORPHOMETRIC ABNORMALITIES ARE MORE FREQUENTLY REPORTED THAN OTHERS, THERE ARE NO SUCH ABNORMALITIES THAT ARE UNIVERSALLY REPORTED ACROSS STUDIES. VARIABILITY OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS ACROSS STUDY SAMPLES AS WELL AS TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES RELATED TO ACQUISITION AND ANALYSES OF BRAIN STRUCTURAL IMAGES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INCONSISTENCY OF BRAIN MORPHOMETRIC FINDINGS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY THEREFORE WAS TO SYSTEMATICALLY EXAMINE BRAIN MORPHOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH RECENT-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA TO FIND OUT IF THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT WHOLE-BRAIN OR REGIONAL VOLUMETRIC DIFFERENCES DETECTABLE AT THE APPROPRIATE SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLD, AFTER ATTEMPTING TO CONTROL FOR VARIOUS CONFOUNDING FACTORS THAT COULD IMPACT BRAIN VOLUMES. METHODS: STRUCTURAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES OF 90 SUBJECTS (SCHIZOPHRENIA = 45; HEALTHY SUBJECTS = 45) WERE ACQUIRED USING A 3 TESLA MAGNET. MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES WERE CARRIED OUT FOLLOWING STANDARD ANALYSES PIPELINES OF THREE MOST COMMONLY USED STRATEGIES, VIZ., WHOLE-BRAIN VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY, WHOLE-BRAIN SURFACE-BASED MORPHOMETRY, AND BETWEEN-GROUP COMPARISONS OF REGIONAL VOLUMES GENERATED BY AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION AND PARCELLATION. RESULTS: IN OUR SAMPLE OF PATIENTS HAVING RECENT-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH LIMITED NEUROLEPTIC EXPOSURE, THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT WHOLE BRAIN OR REGIONAL BRAIN MORPHOMETRIC ABNORMALITIES NOTED AT THE APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS WITH OR WITHOUT INCLUDING AGE, GENDER AND INTRACRANIAL VOLUME OR TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME IN THE STATISTICAL ANALYSES. CONCLUSIONS: IN THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONFLICTING FINDINGS IN THE LITERATURE, OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THAT BRAIN MORPHOMETRIC ABNORMALITIES MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE SCHIZOPHRENIA PHENOTYPE. ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE INCONSISTENT RESULTS ACROSS STUDIES AS WELL AS CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATE SOURCES OF VARIABILITY OF BRAIN MORPHOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SUCH AS EPISTATIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS COULD PERHAPS ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF STRUCTURAL BRAIN ALTERATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  3557  32 IMPACT OF BMI AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE ON EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN BLOOD: AN EWAS IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES HAVE BEEN INCREASING ESPECIALLY IN ASIAN COUNTRIES. OBESITY-RELATED GENETIC VARIANTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, BUT THESE EXPLAIN LITTLE OF THE VARIATION IN BMI. RECENT STUDIES REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND OBESITY, MOSTLY IN NON-ASIAN POPULATIONS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) ON GENERAL ADIPOSITY (BODY MASS INDEX, BMI) AND ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY (WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WC) IN 409 MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS AND REPLICATED BMI AND WAIST-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CPGS IDENTIFIED IN OTHER POPULATIONS. THE CROSS-LAGGED PANEL MODEL AND MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION WERE USED TO ASSESS THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION AND BMI. THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IDENTIFIED CPGS AND INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC MARKERS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. RESULTS: EWAS IDENTIFIED 116 DNA METHYLATION CPGS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND EIGHT INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WC AT FALSE DISCOVERY RATE P(FDR) < 0.05 IN 409 ASIAN SAMPLES. WE REPLICATED 110 BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN EUROPEANS AND IDENTIFIED SIX NOVEL BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS AND TWO NOVEL WC-ASSOCIATED CPGS. WE OBSERVED HIGH CONSISTENCY IN ASSOCIATION DIRECTION OF EFFECT COMPARED TO STUDIES IN OTHER POPULATIONS. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP ANALYSES INDICATED THAT BMI WAS MORE LIKELY TO BE THE CAUSE OF DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION, RATHER THAN THE CONSEQUENCE. THE CAUSAL ANALYSES USING BMI-ASSOCIATED METHYLATION RISK SCORE ALSO SUGGESTED THAT HIGHER LEVELS OF THE INFLAMMATION MARKER IL-6 WERE LIKELY THE CONSEQUENCE OF METHYLATION CHANGE. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIANS AND SUGGESTS THAT OBESITY CAN DRIVE METHYLATION CHANGE. THE RESULTS ALSO SUGGESTED POSSIBLE CAUSAL INFLUENCE THAT OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES MIGHT HAVE ON INFLAMMATION AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS.	2021