1  4747 145 NOVEL MODULATORS OF HEPATOSTEATOSIS, INFLAMMATION AND FIBROGENESIS. ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS, INSTEAD OF BEING INNOCUOUS, PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN LIVER INFLAMMATION AND FIBROGENESIS. THE SEVERITY OF FATTY LIVER IS GOVERNED BY THE CONCERTED BALANCE BETWEEN LIPID TRANSPORT, SYNTHESIS, AND DEGRADATION. WHEREAS SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B, TYPE I (SR-B1) IS CRITICAL FOR REVERSE CHOLESTEROL UPTAKE BY THE LIVER, PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA (PPARGAMMA) COACTIVATOR-1ALPHA AND -BETA (PGC1ALPHA AND PGC1BETA) ARE CRITICAL FOR LIPID DEGRADATION AND SYNTHESIS, RESPECTIVELY. BECAUSE BETAINE IS A LIPOTROPIC AGENT, WE HAVE EVALUATED ITS EFFECTS ON ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS. BETAINE EFFECTIVELY PREVENTED CHRONIC ALCOHOL-MEDIATED (I) IMPAIRED SR-B1 GLYCOSYLATION, PLASMA MEMBRANE LOCALIZATION, AND CONSEQUENT IMPAIRED CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; AND (II) UP REGULATION OF PGC-1BETA, STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1C AND DOWNSTREAM LIPOGENIC GENES WITH CONCOMITANT INCREASED LIVER CHOLESTEROL, TRIGLYCERIDES AND HEPATIC LIPID SCORE. SIMILARLY, BECAUSE OF ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS IN OTHER ORGANS, WE EVALUATED THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THYMOSIN BETA4 (TBETA4) AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4)-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RAT. TBETA4 PREVENTED CCL4-INDUCED (I) NECROSIS, INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATION AND UP-REGULATION OF ALPHA1(2)COLLAGEN, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA (PDGF-BETA) RECEPTOR AND FIBRONECTIN MRNA EXPRESSION; (II) DOWN-REGULATION OF ADIPOGENIC GENE, PPARGAMMA AND THE UP-REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR GENE, METHYL CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) MRNA LEVELS, SUGGESTING THAT THE ANTI-FIBROGENIC ACTIONS OF TBETA4 INVOLVE THE PREVENTION OF TRANS-DIFFERENTIATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS INTO MYO-FIBROBLASTS LARGELY BY UP-REGULATING PPARGAMMA AND BY DOWN-REGULATING MECP2 GENES. WE THEREFORE CONCLUDE THAT BETAINE AND TBETA4 CAN EFFECTIVELY PROTECT AGAINST ALCOHOLIC HEPATOSTEATOSIS AND HEPATIC FIBROGENESIS, RESPECTIVELY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  5234  31 PROFILE ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL MODELING IDENTIFY CIRCULAR RNAS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AS REGULATORS OF HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, ASSOCIATED WITH AN OUTCOME OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS/CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. HOWEVER, LIMITED EXPLORATION OF THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS HINDERS ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN NAFLD, THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF CIRCULAR RNA (CIRCRNA) OF RODENTS IN WHICH NAFLD WAS INDUCED BY A HIGH-FAT, HIGH-CHOLESTEROL (HFHC) DIET WAS STUDIED. MODELING OF THE CIRCRNA-MICRORNA (MIRNA) -MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK REVEALED THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NAFLD-SPECIFIC CIRCRNAS. THE TARGETS AND EFFECTS IN THE LIVER OF SUCH NAFLD-SPECIFIC CIRCRNAS WERE FURTHER ASSESSED. OUR RESULTS UNCOVERED THAT THE DOWNREGULATION OF 28 ANNOTATED CIRCRNAS CHARACTERIZES HFHC DIET-INDUCED NAFLD. AMONG THE DOWNREGULATED CIRCRNAS, LONG INTERGENIC NON-PROTEIN CODING RNA, P53 INDUCED TRANSCRIPT (LNCPINT) -DERIVED CIRCRNAS (CIRC_0001452, CIRC_0001453, AND CIRC_0001454) TARGETED BOTH MIR-466I-3P AND MIR-669C-3P. THEIR DEFICIENCY IN NAFLD ABROGATED THE CIRCRNA-BASED INHIBITORY EFFECT ON BOTH MIRNAS, WHICH FURTHER INACTIVATED THE AMPK SIGNALING PATHWAY VIA AMPK-ALPHA1 SUPPRESSION. INHIBITION OF THE AMPK SIGNALING PATHWAY PROMOTES HEPATIC STEATOSIS, DEPENDING ON THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL UPREGULATION OF LIPOGENIC GENES, SUCH AS THOSE ENCODING STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SREBP1) AND FATTY ACID SYNTHASE (FASN) IN HEPATOCYTES. THE LEVELS OF LNCPINT-DERIVED CIRCRNAS DISPLAYED A NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION WITH HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDE (TG) CONCENTRATION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT LOSS OF LNCPINT-DERIVED CIRCRNAS MAY UNDERLIE NAFLD VIA MIR-466I-3P- AND MIR-669C-3P-DEPENDENT INACTIVATION OF THE AMPK SIGNALING PATHWAY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  6456  40 THYMOSIN BETA4 PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS IN ETHANOL- AND LPS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE. THYMOSIN BETA 4 (TBETA4), AN ACTIN-SEQUESTERING PROTEIN, IS INVOLVED IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION. IT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN SEVERAL TISSUES. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TBETA4 IN CHRONIC ETHANOL- AND ACUTE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- (LPS-) INDUCED MOUSE LIVER INJURY. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED 5% ETHANOL IN LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS PLUS BINGE ETHANOL (5 G/KG, GAVAGE) WITH OR WITHOUT LPS (2 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) FOR 6 HOURS. TBETA4 (1 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 1 WEEK. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TBETA4 PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN LIVER INJURY MARKERS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN LIVER PATHOLOGY. IT ALSO PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DECREASING ROS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION AND INCREASING THE ANTIOXIDANTS, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE AND MANGANESE-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. IT ALSO PREVENTED THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B BY BLOCKING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INHIBITORY PROTEIN, IKAPPAB, THEREBY PREVENTED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. MOREOVER, TBETA4 PREVENTED FIBROGENESIS BY SUPPRESSING THE EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR, METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2, THAT COORDINATELY REVERSED THE EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND DOWNREGULATED FIBROGENIC GENES, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN, COLLAGEN 1, AND FIBRONECTIN, RESULTING IN REDUCED FIBROSIS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT TBETA4 HAS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIFIBROTIC POTENTIAL DURING ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4   469  30 ARID1A LOSS DRIVES NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN MICE THROUGH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS AND FATTY ACID OXIDATION. NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) IS A RAPIDLY GROWING CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE, CIRRHOSIS, AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. HOW FATTY LIVER PATHOGENESIS IS SUBJECT TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHROMATIN REMODELING IS IMPORTANT FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE. AT-RICH INTERACTIVE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1A (ARID1A), A DNA-BINDING COMPONENT OF THE SWITCH/SUCROSE NONFERMENTABLE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX, CONTRIBUTES TO NUCLEOSOME REPOSITIONING AND ACCESS BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS. LIVER-SPECIFIC DELETION OF ARID1A (ARID1A LIVER KNOCKOUT [LKO]) CAUSED THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-DEPENDENT FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN MICE. TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALED UP-REGULATION OF LIPOGENESIS AND DOWN-REGULATION OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION GENES. AS EVIDENCE OF DIRECT REGULATION, ARID1A DEMONSTRATED DIRECT BINDING TO THE PROMOTERS OF MANY OF THESE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED GENES. ADDITIONALLY, ARID1A LKO MICE WERE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED LIVER STEATOSIS AND FIBROSIS. WE DELETED PTEN IN COMBINATION WITH ARID1A TO SYNERGISTICALLY DRIVE FATTY LIVER PROGRESSION. INHIBITION OF LIPOGENESIS USING CAT-2003, A POTENT STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN INHIBITOR, MEDIATED IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION IN THIS ARID1A/PTEN DOUBLE KNOCKOUT MODEL. CONCLUSION: ARID1A PLAYS A ROLE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HEPATIC LIPID HOMEOSTASIS, AND ITS SUPPRESSION CONTRIBUTES TO FATTY LIVER PATHOGENESIS. COMBINED ARID1A AND PTEN DELETION SHOWS ACCELERATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION AND IS A USEFUL MOUSE MODEL FOR STUDYING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR NASH.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
5  2809  38 FGF1 AMELIORATES OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS BY REVERSING IGFBP2 HYPERMETHYLATION. OBESITY IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR FOR METABOLIC-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE (MAFLD). FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (FGF) 1 IS THE FIRST PARACRINE FGF FAMILY MEMBER IDENTIFIED TO EXHIBIT PROMISING METABOLIC REGULATORY PROPERTIES CAPABLE OF CONFERRING GLUCOSE-LOWERING AND INSULIN-SENSITIZING EFFECT. THIS STUDY EXPLORES THE ROLE AND MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS OF FGF1 IN OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS. IN A MOUSE HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD)-INDUCED MAFLD MODEL, CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH RECOMBINANT FGF1(RFGF1) WAS FOUND TO EFFECTIVELY REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF INSULIN RESISTANCE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND INFLAMMATION. FGF1 TREATMENT DECREASED LIPID ACCUMULATION IN THE MOUSE LIVER AND PALMITIC ACID-TREATED AML12 CELLS. THESE EFFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED MATURE FORM SREBF1 EXPRESSION AND ITS TARGET GENES FASN AND SCD1. INTERESTINGLY, WE UNCOVERED THAT RFGF1 SIGNIFICANTLY INDUCED IGFBP2 EXPRESSION AT BOTH MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN HFD-FED MOUSE LIVERS AND CULTURED HEPATOCYTES TREATED WITH PALMITIC ACID. ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS-MEDIATED IGFBP2 SUPPRESSION SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED THE THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT OF RFGF1 ON MAFLD-ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES, INDICATING THAT IGFBP2 PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE FGF1-MEDIATED REDUCTION OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS. FURTHER ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT RFGF1 TREATMENT REDUCES THE RECRUITMENT OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3 ALPHA TO THE IGFBP2 GENOMIC LOCUS, LEADING TO DECREASED IGFBP2 GENE METHYLATION AND INCREASED MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. COLLECTIVELY, OUR FINDINGS REVEAL FGF1 MODULATION OF LIPID METABOLISM VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IGFBP2 EXPRESSION, AND UNRAVEL THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF THE FGF1-IGFBP2 AXIS IN METABOLIC DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6  4925  26 PARENTAL MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY DISTORTS LIVER DNA METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF LIPID GENES ASSOCIATED WITH A FATTY-LIVER-LIKE PHENOTYPE IN OFFSPRING. MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF PARENTS CAN AFFECT LONG TERM HEALTH OF THEIR PROGENY. AROUND 2 BILLION HUMANS ARE AFFECTED BY CHRONIC MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY. IN THIS STUDY WE USE ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL SYSTEM TO EXAMINE MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MATURE OFFSPRING OF PARENTS THAT EXPERIENCED A ONE-CARBON (1-C) MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY. ZEBRAFISH WERE FED A DIET SUFFICIENT, OR MARGINALLY DEFICIENT IN 1-C NUTRIENTS (FOLATE, VITAMIN B12, VITAMIN B6, METHIONINE, CHOLINE), AND THEN MATED. OFFSPRING LIVERS UNDERWENT HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION, RNA SEQUENCING AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS. PARENTAL 1-C MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY RESULTED IN INCREASED LIPID INCLUSION AND WE IDENTIFIED 686 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN OFFSPRING LIVER, THE MAJORITY OF WHICH WERE DOWNREGULATED. DOWNREGULATED GENES WERE ENRICHED FOR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES RELATED TO STEROL, STEROID AND LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS, AS WELL AS MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION WAS FOUND AT 2869 CPG SITES, ENRICHED IN PROMOTER REGIONS AND PERMUTATION ANALYSES CONFIRMED THE ASSOCIATION WITH PARENTAL FEED. OUR DATA INDICATE THAT PARENTAL 1-C NUTRIENT STATUS CAN PERSIST AS LOCUS SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKS IN DESCENDANTS AND SUGGEST AN EFFECT ON LIPID UTILIZATION AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN TRANSLATION IN F(1) LIVERS. THIS POINTS TOWARD PARENTAL MICRONUTRIENTS STATUS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND WELFARE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  5915  26 TARGETING A PHOSPHO-STAT3-MIRNAS PATHWAY IMPROVES VESICULAR HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODEL. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. ALTHOUGH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE IS STILL EMERGING. HERE WE INVESTIGATED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF A MICRORNAS-STAT3 PATHWAY IN THE INDUCTION OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS. DIFFERENTIATED HEPARG CELLS TREATED WITH THE FATTY ACID SODIUM OLEATE (FATTY DHEPARG) RECAPITULATED FEATURES OF LIVER VESICULAR STEATOSIS AND ACTIVATED A CELL-AUTONOMOUS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INDUCING STAT3-TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATION. WITH A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING), MANY PHOSPHO-STAT3 BINDING SITES WERE IDENTIFIED IN FATTY DHEPARG CELLS AND SEVERAL STAT3 AND/OR NAFLD-REGULATED MICRORNAS SHOWED INCREASED EXPRESSION LEVELS, INCLUDING MIR-21. INNOVATIVE CARS (COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING) MICROSCOPY REVEALED THAT CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF STAT3 ACTIVITY DECREASED LIPID ACCUMULATION AND DEREGULATED STAT3-RESPONSIVE MICRORNAS, INCLUDING MIR-21, IN LIPID OVERLOADED DHEPARG CELLS. WE WERE ABLE TO SHOW IN VIVO THAT REDUCING PHOSPHO-STAT3-MIR-21 LEVELS IN C57/BL6 MICE LIVER, BY LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH METFORMIN, PROTECTED MICE FROM AGING-DEPENDENT HEPATIC VESICULAR STEATOSIS. OUR RESULTS IDENTIFIED A MICRORNAS-PHOSPHOSTAT3 PATHWAY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS, WHICH MAY REPRESENT A MOLECULAR MARKER FOR BOTH DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8   100  21 A QUINAZOLINE-BASED HDAC INHIBITOR AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS AND MEVALONATE IN PROSTATE CANCER CELLS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCERS AND RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION IS AN ONGOING CHALLENGE. INFLAMMATION CAN RESULT FROM DYSREGULATION OF THE EPIGENOME AND A NUMBER OF COMPOUNDS THAT MODIFY THE EPIGENOME ARE IN CLINICAL USE. IN THIS STUDY THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF A QUINAZOLINE EPIGENETIC-MODULATOR COMPOUND WERE DETERMINED IN PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINES USING A NON-HYPOTHESIS DRIVEN TRANSCRIPTOMICS STRATEGY UTILISING THE AFFYMETRIX PRIMEVIEW(R) HUMAN GENE EXPRESSION MICROARRAY. GATHER AND IPA SOFTWARE WERE USED TO ANALYSE THE DATA AND TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFIED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. A NUMBER OF GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN BOTH PC3 AND DU145 PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINES. THE TOP CANONICAL PATHWAYS THAT FREQUENTLY AROSE ACROSS BOTH CELL LINES AT A NUMBER OF TIME POINTS INCLUDED CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM, AND THE MEVALONATE PATHWAY. TARGETING OF STEROL AND MEVALONATE PATHWAYS MAY BE A POWERFUL ANTICANCER APPROACH.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9  3242  35 HEPATIC NCOR1 DELETION EXACERBATES ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE BY PROMOTING CCL2-MEDIATED MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COREPRESSOR 1 (NCOR1) IS A COREPRESSOR OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION THAT HAS IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IN METABOLISM AND INFLAMMATION, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS ROLE IN ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE (ALD). IN THIS STUDY, WE DEVELOPED MICE WITH HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC NCOR1 KNOCKOUT (NCOR1(HEP-/-)) USING THE ALBUMIN-CRE/LOXP SYSTEM AND INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF NCOR1 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALD AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. THE TRADITIONAL ALCOHOL FEEDING MODEL AND NIAAA MODEL OF ALD WERE BOTH ESTABLISHED IN WILD-TYPE AND NCOR1(HEP-/-) MICE. WE SHOWED THAT AFTER ALD WAS ESTABLISHED, NCOR1(HEP-/-) MICE HAD WORSE LIVER INJURY BUT LESS STEATOSIS THAN WILD-TYPE MICE. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC LOSS OF NCOR1 ATTENUATED LIVER STEATOSIS BY PROMOTING FATTY ACID OXIDATION BY UPREGULATING BMAL1 (A CIRCADIAN CLOCK COMPONENT THAT HAS BEEN REPORTED TO PROMOTE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA (PPARALPHA)-MEDIATED FATTY BETA-OXIDATION BY UPREGULATING DE NOVO LIPID SYNTHESIS). ON THE OTHER HAND, HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC LOSS OF NCOR1 EXACERBATED ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BY RECRUITING MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES VIA C-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE LIGAND 2 (CCL2). IN THE MOUSE HEPATOCYTE LINE AML12, NCOR1 KNOCKDOWN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED ETHANOL-INDUCED CCL2 RELEASE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HEPATOCYTE NCOR1 PLAYS DISTINCT ROLES IN CONTROLLING LIVER INFLAMMATION AND STEATOSIS, WHICH PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENTS FOR STEATOHEPATITIS INDUCED BY CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  6393  19 THE ROLE OF THE HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 IN LIVER INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN STAM NASH MICE. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS A LEADING FORM OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, WITH FEW BIOMARKERS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), A PROGRESSIVE DISEASE OF NAFLD, MAY LEAD TO FIBROSIS, CIRRHOSIS, AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROGRESSION OF NAFLD CAUSING NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), IN WHICH THE EXACT ROLE OF EPIGENETICS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL THERAPEUTICS FOR NASH, WE TESTED SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF THE EPIGENETIC TARGET HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2, TAZEMETOSTAT (EPZ-6438), AND UNC1999 IN STAM NASH MICE. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT TREATMENT WITH EZH2 INHIBITORS DECREASED SERUM TNF-ALPHA IN NASH. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THAT INHIBITION OF EZH2 REDUCED MRNA EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND FIBROSIS MARKERS IN NASH MICE. IN CONCLUSION, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EZH2 MAY PRESENT A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN THE TREATMENT OF NASH.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  5788  22 SREBP1 DRIVES KERATIN-80-DEPENDENT CYTOSKELETAL CHANGES AND INVASIVE BEHAVIOR IN ENDOCRINE-RESISTANT ERALPHA BREAST CANCER. APPROXIMATELY 30% OF ERALPHA BREAST CANCER PATIENTS RELAPSE WITH METASTATIC DISEASE FOLLOWING ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPIES. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ACQUISITION OF DRUG RESISTANCE AND INVASIVE POTENTIAL IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE TYPE II KERATIN TOPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATING DOMAIN UNDERGOES EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN AROMATASE INHIBITORS (AI)-RESISTANT CELLS, LEADING TO KERATIN-80 (KRT80) UPREGULATION. KRT80 EXPRESSION IS DRIVEN BY DE NOVO ENHANCER ACTIVATION BY STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SREBP1). KRT80 UPREGULATION DIRECTLY PROMOTES CYTOSKELETAL REARRANGEMENTS AT THE LEADING EDGE, INCREASED FOCAL ADHESION AND CELLULAR STIFFENING, COLLECTIVELY PROMOTING CANCER CELL INVASION. SHEARWAVE ELASTICITY IMAGING PERFORMED ON PROSPECTIVELY RECRUITED PATIENTS CONFIRMS KRT80 LEVELS CORRELATE WITH STIFFER TUMORS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SHOWED INCREASED KRT80-POSITIVE CELLS AT RELAPSE AND, USING SEVERAL CLINICAL ENDPOINTS, KRT80 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATES WITH POOR SURVIVAL. COLLECTIVELY, OUR DATA UNCOVER AN UNPREDICTED AND POTENTIALLY TARGETABLE DIRECT LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AND CYTOSKELETAL REPROGRAMMING PROMOTING CELL INVASION IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC AI TREATMENT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  1666  34 DOWNREGULATION OF MICRORNA-145A-5P PROMOTES STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION THROUGH UPREGULATION OF NR4A2. BACKGROUND & AIMS: THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PROGRESSION OF SIMPLE STEATOSIS TO NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) REMAIN INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD, THOUGH THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY MICRORNA (MIRNAS) IS AN AREA OF INCREASING INTEREST. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF MIRNAS DURING STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION. METHODS: MIR-145A-5P WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN IMPORTANT CHECKPOINT IN STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION. IN VIVO LOSS-OF-FUNCTION AND GAIN-OF-FUNCTION STUDIES WERE PERFORMED TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF MIR-145A-5P AND NR4A2 IN NASH PROGRESSION. RNA-SEQUENCING AND BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE THE TARGETS OF MIR-145A-5P. RESULTS: SUPPRESSION OF MIR-145A-5P IN THE LIVER AGGRAVATED LIPID ACCUMULATION AND ACTIVATED HEPATIC INFLAMMATION, LIVER INJURY AND FIBROSIS IN STEATOTIC MICE, WHEREAS ITS RESTORATION MARKEDLY ATTENUATED DIET-INDUCED NASH PATHOGENESIS. MECHANISTICALLY, MIR-145A-5P WAS ABLE TO DOWNREGULATE THE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR NR4A2 AND THUS INHIBIT THE EXPRESSION OF NASH-ASSOCIATED GENES. SIMILARLY, NR4A2 OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION WHILE LIVER-SPECIFIC NR4A2 KNOCKOUT MICE WERE PROTECTED FROM DIET-INDUCED NASH. THIS ROLE OF THE MIR-145A-5P/NR4A2 REGULATORY AXIS WAS ALSO CONFIRMED IN PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES. FURTHERMORE, THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-145A-5P WAS REDUCED AND THE EXPRESSION OF NR4A2 WAS INCREASED IN THE LIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH NASH, WHILE THEIR EXPRESSION LEVELS SIGNIFICANTLY NEGATIVELY AND POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH FEATURES OF LIVER PATHOLOGY, RESPECTIVELY. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF THE MIR-145A-5P/NR4A2 REGULATORY AXIS IN STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION, SUGGESTING THAT EITHER SUPPLEMENTATION OF MIR-145A-5P OR PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF NR4A2 IN HEPATOCYTES MAY PROVIDE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF NASH. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS A DYNAMIC SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES RANGING FROM SIMPLE STEATOSIS TO NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH). UNFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO APPROVED DRUGS FOR NASH. OUR CURRENT STUDY IDENTIFIED MIR-145A-5P AS A NOVEL REGULATOR THAT INHIBITS STEATOSIS-TO-NASH PROGRESSION. WE FOUND THAT MIR-145A-5P WAS ABLE TO DOWNREGULATE THE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR NR4A2 TO SUPPRESS THE EXPRESSION OF NASH-ASSOCIATED GENES. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIR-145A-5P AND NR4A2 WAS FURTHER CONFIRMED IN PATIENTS WITH NASH, RAISING THE POSSIBILITY THAT SUPPLEMENTATION OF MIR-145A-5P OR SUPPRESSION OF NR4A2 IN HEPATOCYTES MIGHT PROVIDE NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR TREATING NASH.	2023	

13  4108  19 MECHANISMS AND DISEASE CONSEQUENCES OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS THE LEADING CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE WORLDWIDE. ITS MORE ADVANCED SUBTYPE, NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), CONNOTES PROGRESSIVE LIVER INJURY THAT CAN LEAD TO CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. HERE WE PROVIDE AN IN-DEPTH DISCUSSION OF THE UNDERLYING PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO PROGRESSIVE LIVER INJURY, INCLUDING THE METABOLIC ORIGINS OF NAFLD, THE EFFECT OF NAFLD ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM, BILE ACID TOXICITY, MACROPHAGE DYSFUNCTION, AND HEPATIC STELLATE CELL ACTIVATION, AND CONSIDER THE ROLE OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT PROMOTE FIBROSIS PROGRESSION AND RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN NASH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14  3240  28 HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION ALTERS GLOBAL HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 AND 4 TRIMETHYLATION IN THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA NETWORK. RECENT DATA SUGGEST THAT THE ETIOLOGY OF SEVERAL METABOLIC DISEASES IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTOME ALTERATION BY ABERRANT HISTONE METHYLATION. WE PERFORMED DNA MICROARRAY AND CHIP-ON-CHIP ANALYSES TO EXAMINE TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING AND TRIMETHYLATION ALTERATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE GENOMIC SIGNATURE OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), THE MOST COMMON FORM OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT STEATOTIC LIVERS IN HIGH-FAT DIET-FED APOLIPOPROTEIN E2 MICE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF APPROXIMATELY 70% OF TOTAL GENES COMPARED WITH NORMAL DIET-FED CONTROL LIVERS, SUGGESTING THAT HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCES DRAMATIC ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN VIVO. ALSO, PATHWAY ANALYSIS SUGGESTED THAT GENES ENCODING CHROMATIN-REMODELING ENZYMES, SUCH AS JUMONJI C-DOMAIN-CONTAINING HISTONE DEMETHYLASES THAT REGULATE HISTONE H3K9 AND H3K4 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K9ME3, H3K4ME3), WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN STEATOTIC LIVERS. THUS, WE FURTHER INVESTIGATED THE GLOBAL H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 STATUS IN LIPID-ACCUMULATED MOUSE PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES BY CHIP-ON-CHIP ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT HEPATIC LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCED ABERRANT H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 STATUS IN PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA AND HEPATIC LIPID CATABOLISM NETWORK GENES, REDUCING THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION COMPARED WITH NON-TREATED CONTROL HEPATOCYTES. THIS STUDY PROVIDES THE FIRST EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 IN HEPATOCYTES MAY BE INVOLVED IN HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD. THUS, CONTROL OF H3K9ME3 AND H3K4ME3 REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL NOVEL NAFLD PREVENTION AND TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15  2427  24 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MICRORNA-125B-5P PROMOTES LIVER FIBROSIS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE VIA INTEGRIN ALPHA8-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF RHOA SIGNALING PATHWAY. BACKGROUND: NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES THAT MAY PROGRESS TO LIVER FIBROSIS OR CANCER. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF MICRORNA-125B-5P (MIR-125B-5P) IN NAFLD AND TO FURTHER EXPLORE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. METHODS: A MOUSE MODEL OF NAFLD WAS CONSTRUCTED BY HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET FEEDING AND A CELL-MODEL WAS DEVELOPED BY TREATING THE MOUSE LIVER CELL LINE NCTC1469 WITH PALMITIC ACID. GAIN- AND LOSS-OF-FUNCTION EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF MIR-125B-5P, INTEGRIN ALPHA8 (ITGA8), AND THE RHOA SIGNALING PATHWAY ON LIVER FIBROSIS IN NAFLD. AFTER THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MIR-125B-5P, ITGA8, AND RHOA WERE DETERMINED, LIVER FIBROSIS WAS EVALUATED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. THE BINDING RELATIONSHIP OF MIR-125B-5P AND ITGA8 WAS THEN VALIDATED. FINALLY, MIR-125B-5P PROMOTER METHYLATION IN NAFLD LIVER TISSUES AND CELLS WAS DETERMINED. RESULTS: IN NAFLD CLINICAL SAMPLES, MOUSE MODEL, AND CELL-MODEL, MIR-125B-5P EXPRESSION WAS REDUCED, WHILE ITGA8 EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED. MOREOVER, MIR-125B-5P TARGETED AND DOWNREGULATED ITGA8, LEADING TO INHIBITION OF THE RHOA SIGNALING PATHWAY. IN NAFLD LIVER TISSUES AND CELLS, THE CPG ISLAND IN THE MIR-125B-5P PROMOTER WAS METHYLATED, CAUSING EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-125B-5P. BOTH MIR-125B-5P SILENCING AND ITGA8 OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED IN VITRO AND IN VIVO LIVER FIBROSIS IN NAFLD VIA ACTIVATION OF THE RHOA SIGNALING PATHWAY. CONCLUSIONS: COLLECTIVELY, EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-125B-5P UPREGULATES ITGA8 EXPRESSION TO ACTIVATE THE RHOA SIGNALING PATHWAY, LEADING TO LIVER FIBROSIS IN NAFLD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
16   614  34 BINGE ALCOHOL-INDUCED MICROVESICULAR LIVER STEATOSIS AND INJURY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWN-REGULATION OF HEPATIC HDAC 1, 7, 9, 10, 11 AND UP-REGULATION OF HDAC 3. BACKGROUND: BINGE, AS WELL AS CHRONIC, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AFFECTS GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION LEADING TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. IT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY EVIDENT THAT THESE HISTONE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALCOHOL-MEDIATED HEPATIC INJURY. METHODS: C57BL/6 MICE WERE GAVAGED 3 TIMES (12-HOUR INTERVALS) WITH ETHANOL (ETOH; 4.5 G/KG). HEPATIC HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) MRNAS WERE ASSESSED BY QRT-PCR. TOTAL HDAC ACTIVITY WAS ESTIMATED BY A COLORIMETRIC HDAC ACTIVITY/INHIBITION ASSAY. HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS WERE EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT. LIVER STEATOSIS AND INJURY WERE EVALUATED BY HISTOPATHOLOGY, PLASMA AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) ACTIVITY, AND LIVER TRIGLYCERIDE ACCUMULATION. EXPRESSION OF FATTY ACID SYNTHASE (FAS) AND CARNITINE PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A) WAS ALSO EXAMINED. HDAC 9 ASSOCIATION WITH FAS PROMOTER WAS ANALYZED. RESULTS: BINGE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE RESULTED IN ALTERATIONS OF HEPATIC HDAC MRNA LEVELS. DOWN-REGULATION OF HDAC CLASS I (HDAC 1), CLASS II (HDAC 7, 9, 10), AND CLASS IV (HDAC 11) AND UP-REGULATION OF HDAC CLASS I (HDAC 3) GENE EXPRESSION WERE OBSERVED. CORRESPONDENT TO THE DECREASE IN HDAC ACTIVITY, AN INCREASE IN HEPATIC HISTONE ACETYLATION WAS OBSERVED. THESE MOLECULAR EVENTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MICROVESICULAR HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND INJURY CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDES (48.02 +/- 3.83 VS. 19.90 +/- 3.48 MG/G LIVER, P < 0.05) AND ELEVATED PLASMA ALT ACTIVITY (51.98 +/- 6.91 VS. 20.8 +/- 0.62 U/L, P < 0.05). HEPATIC STEATOSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN FAS AND A DECREASE IN CPT1A MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FAS PROMOTER ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT BINGE ETOH TREATMENT DECREASED HDAC 9 OCCUPANCY AT THE FAS PROMOTER RESULTING IN ITS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. CONCLUSIONS: DEREGULATION OF HEPATIC HDAC EXPRESSION LIKELY PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE BINGE ALCOHOL-INDUCED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND LIVER INJURY BY AFFECTING LIPOGENESIS AND FATTY ACID BETA-OXIDATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  4159  35 MECP2 CONTROLS AN EPIGENETIC PATHWAY THAT PROMOTES MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSDIFFERENTIATION AND FIBROSIS. BACKGROUND & AIMS: MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSDIFFERENTIATION GENERATES HEPATIC MYOFIBROBLASTS, WHICH PROMOTE LIVER FIBROGENESIS. THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA (PPARGAMMA) IS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF THIS PROCESS. WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PPARGAMMA AND MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSDIFFERENTIATION. METHODS: CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAYS ASSESSED THE BINDING OF METHYL-CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) TO PPARGAMMA AND CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS THAT SILENCE THIS GENE. MECP2(-/Y) MICE AND AN INHIBITOR (DZNEP) OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY PROTEIN EZH2 WERE USED IN THE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE MODEL OF LIVER FIBROSIS. LIVER TISSUES FROM MICE WERE ASSESSED BY HISTOLOGIC ANALYSIS; MARKERS OF FIBROSIS WERE MEASURED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR DETECTED CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF THE MICRORNA MIR132 AND ITS TARGET, ELONGATED TRANSCRIPTS OF MECP2. MYOFIBROBLASTS WERE TRANSFECTED WITH MIR132; PPARGAMMA AND MECP2 EXPRESSIONS WERE ANALYZED BY QPCR OR IMMUNOBLOTTING. RESULTS: MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSDIFFERENTIATION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS IS CONTROLLED BY A COMBINATION OF MECP2, EZH2, AND MIR132 IN A RELAY PATHWAY. THE PATHWAY IS ACTIVATED BY DOWN-REGULATION OF MIR132, RELEASING THE TRANSLATIONAL BLOCK ON MECP2. MECP2 IS RECRUITED TO THE 5' END OF PPARGAMMA, WHERE IT PROMOTES METHYLATION BY H3K9 AND RECRUITS THE TRANSCRIPTION REPRESSOR HP1ALPHA. MECP2 ALSO STIMULATES EXPRESSION OF EZH2 AND METHYLATION OF H3K27 TO FORM A REPRESSIVE CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN THE 3' EXONS OF PPARGAMMA. GENETIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC DISRUPTIONS OF MECP2 OR EZH2 REDUCED THE FIBROGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOFIBROBLASTS AND ATTENUATED FIBROGENESIS. CONCLUSIONS: LIVER FIBROSIS IS REGULATED BY AN EPIGENETIC RELAY PATHWAY THAT INCLUDES MECP2, EZH2, AND MIR132. REAGENTS THAT INTERFERE WITH THIS PATHWAY MIGHT BE DEVELOPED TO REDUCE FIBROGENESIS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  3237  32 HEPATIC COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTS MICE FROM AN ALCOHOL-HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDER BY INVOLVING PROTEIN ACETYLATION RELATED ENERGY METABOLISM. PURPOSE: A DIET HIGH IN FAT AND ETHANOL OFTEN RESULTS IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDER, HEPATIC STEATOSIS, AND LIVER INFLAMMATION. CONSTITUTIVE HEPATIC CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) EXPRESSION COULD PROTECT FROM HIGH FAT-INDUCED METABOLISM DISTURBANCE IN A MURINE MODEL. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE INFLUENCE OF HCOX-2 TRANSGENIC [TG] TO HIGH FAT WITH ETHANOL-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDER AND LIVER INJURY USING A MOUSE ANIMAL MODEL. METHODS: 12-WEEK-OLD MALE HEPATIC HCOX-2 TRANSGENIC (TG) OR WILD TYPE MICE (WT) WERE FED EITHER A HIGH FAT AND ETHANOL LIQUID DIET (HF+ETH) OR A REGULAR CONTROL DIET (RCD) FOR 5 WEEKS (FOUR GROUPS: RCD/WT, RCD/TG; HF+ETH/TG, HF+ETH/WT). WE ASSESSED METABOLIC BIOMARKERS, CYTOKINE PROFILES, HISTOMORPHOLOGY, AND GENE EXPRESSION TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF PERSISTENT HEPATIC COX-2 EXPRESSION ON DIET-INDUCED LIVER INJURY. RESULTS: IN THE HF+ETH DIET, CONSTITUTIVELY HEPATIC HUMAN COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTS MICE FROM BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE ACCUMULATION, ACCOMPANIED BY IMPROVED IPGTT RESPONSE, SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE/CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, AND LOWER LEVELS OF SERUM AND LIVER INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. HISTOLOGICALLY, HCOX-2 MICE SHOWED DECREASED HEPATIC LIPID DROPLETS ACCUMULATION, DECREASED HEPATOCYTE BALLOONING, AND IMPROVED STEATOSIS SCORES. HEPATIC HCOX-2 OVEREXPRESSION ENHANCED AKT INSULIN SIGNALING AND INCREASED FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IN BOTH RCD AND HF+ETH DIET GROUPS. THE ANTI-LIPOGENIC EFFECT OF HCOX-2 TG IN THE HF+ETH DIET ANIMALS WAS MEDIATED BY INCREASING LIPID DISPOSAL THROUGH ENHANCED BETA-OXIDATION VIA ELEVATIONS IN THE EXPRESSION OF PPARALPHA AND PPARGAMMA, AND INCREASED HEPATIC AUTOPHAGY AS ASSESSED BY THE RATIO OF AUTOPHAGY MARKERS LC3 II/I IN HEPATIC TISSUE. VARIOUS PROTEIN ACETYLATION PATHWAY COMPONENTS, INCLUDING HAT, HDAC1, SIRT1, AND SNAIL1, WERE MODULATED IN HCOX-2 TG MICE IN EITHER RCD OR HF+ETH DIET. CONCLUSIONS: HEPATIC HUMAN COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTED MICE FROM THE METABOLIC DISORDER AND LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY A HIGH FAT AND ETHANOL DIET BY ENHANCING HEPATIC LIPID EXPENDITURE. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF DIVERSE METABOLIC GENES MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE ANTI-LIPOGENIC EFFECT OF COX-2.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  2118  36 EPIGENETIC HISTONE METHYLATION OF PPARGAMMA AND CPT1A SIGNALING CONTRIBUTES TO BETAHISTINE PREVENTING OLANZAPINE-INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIA. AS A PARTIAL HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR AGONIST AND H3 ANTAGONIST, BETAHISTINE HAS BEEN REPORTED TO PARTIALLY PREVENT OLANZAPINE-INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIA AND OBESITY THROUGH A COMBINATION THERAPY, ALTHOUGH THE UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE STILL NOT KNOWN. RECENT STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT HISTONE REGULATION OF KEY GENES FOR LIPOGENESIS AND ADIPOGENESIS IN THE LIVER IS ONE OF THE CRUCIAL MECHANISMS FOR OLANZAPINE-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDERS. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC HISTONE REGULATION IN BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT PREVENTING DYSLIPIDEMIA AND FATTY LIVER CAUSED BY CHRONIC OLANZAPINE TREATMENT IN A RAT MODEL. IN ADDITION TO ABNORMAL LIPID METABOLISM, THE UPREGULATION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA (PPARGAMMA) AND CCAAT/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN (C/EBPALPHA), AS WELL AS THE DOWNREGULATION OF CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A) IN THE LIVER INDUCED BY OLANZAPINE, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BY BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME AND THE ENRICHMENT OF H3K4ME BINDING ON THE PROMOTER OF CPT1A GENE AS REVEALED BY CHIP-QPCR, BUT INHIBITED THE EXPRESSION OF ONE OF ITS SITE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASES, LYSINE (K)-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 1A (KDM1A). BETAHISTINE CO-TREATMENT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF H3K9ME AND THE ENRICHMENT OF H3K9ME BINDING ON THE PROMOTER OF THE PPARG GENE, BUT INHIBITED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO OF ITS SITE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASES, LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 4B (KDM4B) AND PHD FINGER PROTEIN 2 (PHF2). THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT BETAHISTINE ATTENUATES ABNORMAL ADIPOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS TRIGGERED BY OLANZAPINE THROUGH MODULATING HEPATIC HISTONE METHYLATION, AND THUS INHIBITING THE PPARGAMMA PATHWAY-MEDIATED LIPID STORAGE, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PROMOTING CP1A-MEDIATED FATTY ACID OXIDATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20   699  24 BROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 4 IS A KEY MOLECULAR DRIVER OF TGFBETA1-INDUCED HEPATIC STELLATE CELL ACTIVATION. LIVER FIBROSIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE EXCESSIVE DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN LIVER. CHRONIC LIVER INJURY INDUCES THE ACTIVATION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELL (HSCS), A KEY STEP IN LIVER FIBROGENESIS. THE ACTIVATED HSC IS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ECM AND CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO LIVER FIBROSIS. TGFBETA1 IS THE MOST POTENT PRO-FIBROTIC CYTOKINE. BROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BRD4), AN EPIGENETIC READER OF HISTONE ACETYLATION MARKS, WAS CRUCIAL FOR PROFIBROTIC GENE EXPRESSION IN HSCS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLES OF BRD4 IN TGFBETA1-DEPENDENT HSC ACTIVATION AND LIVER FIBROSIS, FOCUSING ON TGFBETA1-INDUCED ALTERATIONS OF THE LEVELS OF THE FIBROTIC-RELATED IMPORTANT PROTEINS IN HSCS BY EMPLOYING THE HETEROZYGOUS TGFBETA1 KNOCKOUT MICE AND BRD4 KNOCKDOWN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. RESULTS REVEALED THAT BRD4 PROTEIN LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED BY TGFBETA1 AND BRD4 KNOCKDOWN REDUCED TGFBETA1-INDUCED HSC ACTIVATION AND LIVER FIBROSIS. BRD4 WAS REQUIRED FOR THE INFLUENCES OF TGFBETA1 ON PDGFBETA RECEPTOR AND ON THE PATHWAYS OF SMAD3, STAT3, AND AKT. BRD4 ALSO MEDIATED TGFBETA1-INDUCED INCREASES IN HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE P300, THE PIVOTAL PRO-INFLAMMATORY NFKB P65, AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1 WHEREAS BRD4 REDUCED CASPASE-3 PROTEIN LEVELS IN HSCS DURING LIVER INJURY, INDEPENDENT OF TGFBETA1. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS INDICATED THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TGFBETA1-INDUCED BRD4 AND NFKB P65 IN HSCS AND IN LIVER OF TAA-INDUCED LIVER INJURY. HUMAN CIRRHOTIC LIVERS WERE DEMONSTRATED A PARALLEL INCREASE IN THE PROTEIN LEVELS OF BRD4 AND NFKB P65 IN HSCS. THIS STUDY REVEALED THAT BRD4 WAS A KEY MOLECULAR DRIVER OF TGFBETA1-INDUCED HSC ACTIVATION AND LIVER FIBROSIS.	2023