1  4603 159 NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF MGLUR5 PARTIALLY CORRECTS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF RETT SYNDROME. RETT SYNDROME (RTT) IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENE ENCODING METHYL-CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2), AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF MRNA TRANSCRIPTION. HERE, WE REPORT A TEST OF THE HYPOTHESIS OF SHARED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RTT AND FRAGILE X, ANOTHER MONOGENIC CAUSE OF AUTISM AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. IN FRAGILE X, THE LOSS OF THE MRNA TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSOR FMRP LEADS TO EXAGGERATED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DOWNSTREAM OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5 (MGLUR5). WE FOUND THAT MGLUR5- AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY WERE SIMILARLY ALTERED IN AREA CA1 OF MECP2 KO MICE. CA1 PYRAMIDAL CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC, GENOME-WIDE PROFILING OF RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS WAS PERFORMED IN WILD-TYPE AND MECP2 KO HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS TO REVEAL THE MECP2-REGULATED "TRANSLATOME." WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT OVERLAP BETWEEN RIBOSOME-BOUND TRANSCRIPTS OVEREXPRESSED IN THE MECP2 KO AND FMRP MRNA TARGETS. THESE TENDED TO ENCODE LONG GENES THAT WERE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED TO EITHER CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZATION OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONAL CONNECTIVITY. IN THE FMR1 KO MOUSE, CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MGLUR5-NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS (NAMS) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AMELIORATE MANY MUTANT PHENOTYPES BY CORRECTING EXCESSIVE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. IN MECP2 KO MICE, WE FOUND THAT MGLUR5 NAM TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE LEVEL OF OVEREXPRESSED RIBOSOME-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS, PARTICULARLY THOSE THAT WERE ALSO FMRP TARGETS. SOME RETT PHENOTYPES WERE ALSO AMELIORATED BY TREATMENT, MOST NOTABLY HIPPOCAMPAL CELL SIZE AND LIFESPAN. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST A POTENTIAL MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN MECP2-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION AND MGLUR5/FMRP-MEDIATED PROTEIN TRANSLATION REGULATION THROUGH COREGULATION OF A SUBSET OF GENES RELEVANT TO SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: ALTERED REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEIN SYNTHESIS HAS BEEN HYPOTHESIZED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THAT UNDERLIES MULTIPLE FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. HERE, WE SHOW IN A MOUSE MODEL OF RETT SYNDROME (MECP2 KO) THAT METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5 (MGLUR5)- AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY ARE ABNORMAL IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. WE FOUND THAT A SUBSET OF RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS WAS ABERRANTLY UPREGULATED IN HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS OF MECP2 KO MICE, THAT THESE SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH FMRP DIRECT TARGETS AND/OR SFARI HUMAN AUTISM GENES, AND THAT CHRONIC TREATMENT OF MECP2 KO MICE WITH AN MGLUR5-NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR TUNES DOWN UPREGULATED RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS AND PARTIALLY IMPROVES MUTANT MICE PHENOTYPES.	2016	

2  1788  34 EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN RHESUS MACAQUES ON THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE TRANSCRIPTOME. THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE (NACC) HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY DEMONSTRATED TO BE A KEY COMPONENT OF THE CIRCUITRY ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE ILLUSTRATED THAT IN A NONHUMAN PRIMATE (NHP) MODEL OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, THERE IS SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF THE NACC. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, RNA-SEQ WAS USED TO EXAMINE GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION IN EIGHT EACH OF CONTROL, LOW/BINGE (LD*), AND HIGH/VERY HIGH (HD*) RHESUS MACAQUE DRINKERS. USING AN FDR < 0.05, ZERO GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED (DE) BETWEEN LD* AND CONTROLS, SIX GENES BETWEEN HD* AND LD*, AND 734 GENES BETWEEN HD* AND CONTROLS. FOCUSING ON HD* VERSUS CONTROL DE GENES, THE UPREGULATED GENES (N = 366) WERE ENRICHED IN GENES WITH ANNOTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE (SRP)-DEPENDENT CO-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN TARGETING TO MEMBRANE (FDR < 3 X 10(-59) ), STRUCTURAL CONSTITUENT OF RIBOSOME (FDR < 3 X 10(-47) ), AND RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT (FDR < 5 X 10(-48) ). DOWNREGULATED GENES (N = 363) WERE ENRICHED IN ANNOTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIOR (FDR < 2 X 10(-4) ), MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION (FDR < 1 X 10(-4) ), INORGANIC CATION TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY (FDR < 2 X 10(-3) ), SYNAPSE PART (FDR < 4 X 10(-10) ), GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE (FDR < 1 X 10(-6) ), AND GABAERGIC SYNAPSE (FDR < 6 X 10(-4) ). INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) REVEALED THAT EIF2 SIGNALING AND MTOR PATHWAYS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN HD* ANIMALS (FDR < 3 X 10(-33) AND <2 X 10(-16) , RESPECTIVELY). OVERALL, THE DATA SUPPORTED OUR WORKING HYPOTHESIS; EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GABA/GLUTAMATE-RELATED GENES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  1752  38 EARLY LIFE STRESS RESTRICTS TRANSLATIONAL REACTIVITY IN CA3 NEURONS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED STRESS RESPONSES IN ADULTHOOD. EARLY LIFE EXPERIENCES PROGRAM BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTE TO BEHAVIORAL ENDOPHENOTYPES IN ADULTHOOD. EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION BY THOSE EXPERIENCES AFFECT DISCRETE BRAIN REGIONS INVOLVED IN MOOD, COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. IN RODENTS, ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF THE REPRESSIVE HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 TRI-METHYLATION (H3K9ME3) IN HIPPOCAMPAL FIELDS, INCLUDING THE CA3 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS. THESE CA3 NEURONS ARE CRUCIALLY INVOLVED IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND MOOD REGULATION AS WELL AS ACTIVATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID (CORT) SECRETION. CA3 NEURONS ALSO EXHIBIT STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES AFTER EARLY-LIFE STRESS (ELS) AS WELL AS AFTER CHRONIC STRESS IN ADULTHOOD. USING A PROTOCOL OF CHRONIC ELS INDUCED BY LIMITED BEDDING AND NESTING MATERIAL FOLLOWED BY ACUTE-SWIM STRESS (AS) IN ADULTHOOD, WE SHOW THAT MICE WITH A HISTORY OF ELS DISPLAY A BLUNTED CORT RESPONSE TO AS, DESPITE EXHIBITING ACTIVATION OF IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES AFTER STRESS SIMILAR TO THAT FOUND IN CONTROL MICE. WE FIND THAT ELS INDUCED PERSISTENTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE REPRESSIVE H3K9ME3 HISTONE MARK IN THE CA3 SUBFIELD AT BASELINE THAT WAS SUBSEQUENTLY DECREASED FOLLOWING AS. IN CONTRAST, AS INDUCED A TRANSIENT INCREASE OF THIS MARK IN CONTROL MICE. USING TRANSLATING RIBOSOME AFFINITY PURIFICATION (TRAP) METHOD TO ISOLATE CA3 TRANSLATING MRNAS, WE FOUND THAT EXPRESSION OF GENES OF THE EPIGENETIC GENE FAMILY, GABA/GLUTAMATE FAMILY, AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS BINDING GENES WERE DECREASED TRANSIENTLY IN CONTROL MICE BY AS AND SHOWED A PERSISTENT REDUCTION IN ELS MICE. IN MOST CASES, AS IN ELS MICE DID NOT INDUCE GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES. A STRINGENT FILTERING OF GENES AFFECTED BY AS IN CONTROL AND ELS MICE REVEALED A NOTEWORTHY DECREASE IN GENE EXPRESSION CHANGE IN ELS MICE COMPARED TO CONTROL. ONLY 18 GENES WERE SELECTIVELY REGULATED BY AS IN ELS MICE AND ENCOMPASSED PATHWAYS SUCH AS CIRCADIAN RHYTHM, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, OPIOID RECEPTORS, AND MORE GENES INCLUDED IN THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR BINDING FAMILY. THUS, ELS PROGRAMS A RESTRICTED TRANSLATIONAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN STRESS-SENSITIVE CA3 NEURONS LEADING TO PERSISTENT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, SOME OF WHICH MIMIC THE TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF AS IN CONTROL MICE, WHILE LEAVING IN OPERATION THE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE RESPONSE TO AS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                
4  6567  23 TRANSLATOMIC RESPONSE OF RETINAL MULLER GLIA TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS. ANALYSIS OF RETINA CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC SIGNATURES IS CRUCIAL TO UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RETINAL DEGENERATIONS SUCH AS AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND DELINEATING CELL AUTONOMOUS AND CELL-NON-AUTONOMOUS MECHANISMS. WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT ALDH1L1 IS SPECIFICALLY EXPRESSED IN THE MAJOR MACROGLIA OF THE RETINA, MULLER GLIA, AND, UNLIKE THE BRAIN, IS NOT EXPRESSED IN RETINAL ASTROCYTES. THIS ALLOWS USE OF ALDH1L1 CRE DRIVERS AND NUCLEAR TAGGING AND TRANSLATING RIBOSOME AFFINITY PURIFICATION (NUTRAP) CONSTRUCTS FOR TEMPORALLY CONTROLLED LABELING AND PAIRED ANALYSIS OF MULLER GLIA EPIGENOMES AND TRANSLATOMES. AS VALIDATED THROUGH A VARIETY OF APPROACHES, THE ALDH1L1CRE/ERT2-NUTRAP MODEL PROVIDES MULLER GLIA SPECIFIC TRANSLATOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC PROFILES WITHOUT THE NEED TO ISOLATE WHOLE CELLS. APPLICATION OF THIS APPROACH TO MODELS OF ACUTE INJURY (OPTIC NERVE CRUSH) AND CHRONIC STRESS (AGING) UNCOVERED FEW COMMON MULLER GLIA-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS, AND MOSTLY DIFFERENTIAL SIGNATURES FOR EACH STIMULUS. THE EXPRESSION OF MEMBERS OF THE IL-6 AND INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE SIGNALING PATHWAYS WAS ENHANCED IN MULLER GLIA IN RESPONSE TO OPTIC NERVE CRUSH BUT NOT AGING. UNIQUE CHANGES IN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE OBSERVED IN RESPONSE TO AGING BUT NOT WITH OPTIC NERVE CRUSH. THE ALDH1L1CRE/ERT2-NUTRAP MODEL ALLOWS FOCUSED MOLECULAR ANALYSES OF A SINGLE, MINORITY CELL TYPE WITHIN THE RETINA, PROVIDING MORE SUBSTANTIAL EFFECT SIZES THAN WHOLE TISSUE ANALYSES. THE NUTRAP MODEL, NUCLEIC ACID ISOLATION, AND VALIDATION APPROACHES PRESENTED HERE CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY RETINA CELL TYPE FOR WHICH A CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC CRE IS AVAILABLE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  5062  28 PHOSPHATE NIMA-RELATED KINASE 2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS MEDIATES PACLITAXEL-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: THE MICROTUBULE-STABILIZING DRUG PACLITAXEL (PTX) IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR CANCER TREATMENT AND CAUSES PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY AS A COMMON SIDE EFFECT THAT SUBSTANTIALLY IMPACTS THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS. THE MECHANISTIC ROLE FOR NIMA-RELATED KINASE 2 (NEK2) IN THE PROGRESSION OF PTX-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS INTRAPERITONEALLY RECEIVED PTX TO INDUCE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) OF ANIMALS WERE MEASURED BY BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES. NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS WERE EVALUATED BY VON FREY TESTS AND HOT PLATE TESTS. RESULTS: PTX INCREASED PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE IMPORTANT MICROTUBULE DYNAMICS REGULATOR NEK2 IN DRG NEURONS AND INDUCED PROFOUND NEUROPATHIC ALLODYNIA. PTX-ACTIVATED PHOSPHORYLATED NEK2 (PNEK2) INCREASED JUMONJI DOMAIN-CONTAINING 3 (JMJD3) PROTEIN, A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE PROTEIN, TO SPECIFICALLY CATALYZE THE DEMETHYLATION OF THE REPRESSIVE HISTONE MARK H3 LYSINE 27 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27ME3) AT THE TRPV1 GENE, THEREBY ENHANCING TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL VANILLOID SUBTYPE-1 (TRPV1) EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS. MOREOVER, THE PNEK2-DEPENDENT PTX RESPONSE PROGRAM IS REGULATED BY ENHANCING P90 RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE 2 (RSK2) PHOSPHORYLATION. CONVERSELY, INTRATHECAL INJECTIONS OF KAEMPFEROL (A SELECTIVE RSK2 ACTIVATION ANTAGONIST), NCL 00017509 (A SELECTIVE NEK2 INHIBITOR), NEK2-TARGETED SIRNA, GSK-J4 (A SELECTIVE JMJD3 INHIBITOR), OR CAPSAZEPINE (AN ANTAGONIST OF TRPV1 RECEPTOR) INTO PTX-TREATED RATS REVERSED NEUROPATHIC ALLODYNIA AND RESTORED SILENCING OF THE TRPV1 GENE, SUGGESTING THE HIERARCHY AND INTERACTION AMONG PHOSPHORYLATED RSK2 (PRSK2), PNEK2, JMJD3, H3K27ME3, AND TRPV1 IN THE DRG NEURONS IN PTX-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. CONCLUSIONS: PRSK2/JMJD3/H3K27ME3/TRPV1 SIGNALING IN THE DRG NEURONS PLAYS AS A KEY REGULATOR FOR PTX THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  2593  32 EPIGENETICS OF RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES. THIS REVIEW IS FOCUSED ON BIOLOGY OF GENES ENCODING RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA) IN MAMMALS. RRNA IS A STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF THE MOST ABUNDANT CELLULAR MOLECULE, THE RIBOSOME. THERE ARE MANY COPIES OF RRNA GENES PER GENOME THAT ARE UNDER TIGHT TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SERVING TO MEET CELLULAR NEEDS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. CURIOUSLY, ONLY A FRACTION OF RRNA GENES IS USED EVEN IN THE FAST-GROWING CELLS, RAISING A QUESTION WHY UNUSED COPIES OF THESE GENES HAVE NOT BEEN LOST DURING EVOLUTION. TWO PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATIONS ARE DISCUSSED. FIRST, THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT BESIDES THEIR DIRECT FUNCTION IN PRODUCTION OF RRNA, RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES ARE INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF MANY OTHER GENES IN THE NUCLEUS BY FORMING EITHER TEMPORARY OR PERSISTENT COMPLEXES WITH THESE GENES. SECOND, IT SEEMS THAT RRNA GENES ALSO PLAY A ROLE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF GENOME STABILITY, WHERE LOWER COPY NUMBER OF RRNA GENES DESTABILIZES THE GENOME. THESE "ADDITIONAL" FUNCTIONS OF RRNA GENES MAKE THEM RECURRENT CANDIDATE DRIVERS OF CHRONIC HUMAN DISEASES AND AGING. EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF THESE GENES IN HUMAN DISEASES AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  3086  36 GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF THE AMYGDALA REVEALS SIMILAR OLIGODENDROCYTE-RELATED RESPONSES TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING IN FEMALE MICE. REPEATED EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A RISK FACTOR FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD). ALTHOUGH AUD HAS BEEN MORE COMMON IN MEN THAN WOMEN, WOMEN DEVELOP MORE SEVERE BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS. HOWEVER, RELATIVELY FEW NEW THERAPEUTICS TARGETING DEVELOPMENT OF AUD, PARTICULARLY IN WOMEN, HAVE BEEN VALIDATED. TO GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ALCOHOL INTAKE, WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE RNA-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS IN FEMALE MICE EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT MODES (ACUTE VS CHRONIC) OF ETHANOL DRINKING. WE FOCUSED ON TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN THE AMYGDALA INCLUDING THE CENTRAL AND BASOLATERAL SUBNUCLEI, BRAIN AREAS PREVIOUSLY IMPLICATED IN ALCOHOL DRINKING AND SEEKING. SURPRISINGLY, WE FOUND THAT BOTH DRINKING MODES TRIGGERED SIMILAR CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND CANONICAL PATHWAYS, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF RIBOSOME-RELATED/TRANSLATIONAL PATHWAYS AND MYELINATION PATHWAYS, AND DOWNREGULATION OF CHROMATIN BINDING AND HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN ADDITION, ANALYSES OF HUB GENES AND UPSTREAM REGULATORY PATHWAYS REVEALED THAT VOLUNTARY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION AFFECTS EPIGENETIC CHANGES VIA HISTONE DEACETYLATION PATHWAYS, OLIGODENDROCYTE AND MYELIN FUNCTION, AND THE OLIGODENDROCYTE-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, SOX17. FURTHERMORE, A VIRAL VECTOR-ASSISTED KNOCKDOWN OF SOX17 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE AMYGDALA PREVENTED A GRADUAL INCREASE IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION DURING REPEATED ACCESSES. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE EXPRESSION OF OLIGODENDROCYTE-RELATED GENES IN THE AMYGDALA IS SENSITIVE TO VOLUNTARY ALCOHOL DRINKING IN FEMALE MICE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUD, DUE TO REPEATED EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, PARTICULARLY IN WOMEN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  5014  40 PERSISTENCE OF CEREBELLAR ATAXIA DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC UP-REGULATION OF FMR1 GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT CEREBELLUM. BACKGROUND: ALCOHOL INTOXICATION PRODUCES ATAXIA BY AFFECTING THE CEREBELLUM, WHICH COORDINATES MOVEMENTS. FRAGILE X MENTAL RETARDATION (FMR) PROTEIN IS A COMPLEX REGULATOR OF RNA AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IMPLICATED IN FRAGILE X-ASSOCIATED TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME, WHICH FEATURES ATAXIA AND INCREASED FMR1 MRNA EXPRESSION RESULTING FROM EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF FMRP. WE RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED THAT ACUTE ETHANOL-INDUCED ATAXIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CEREBELLAR FMR1 GENE EXPRESSION VIA HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN RATS, BUT IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER SIMILAR BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES OCCUR FOLLOWING CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON ATAXIA AND EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED CHANGES IN FMR1 EXPRESSION IN THE CEREBELLUM. METHODS: MALE ADULT SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE TRAINED ON THE ACCELERATING ROTAROD AND THEN FED WITH CHRONIC ETHANOL OR A CONTROL LIEBER-DECARLI DIET WHILE UNDERGOING PERIODIC BEHAVIORAL TESTING FOR ATAXIA DURING ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL. CEREBELLAR TISSUES WERE ANALYZED FOR EXPRESSION OF THE FMR1 GENE AND ITS TARGETS USING A REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY. THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FMR1 WAS ALSO INVESTIGATED USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: ATAXIC BEHAVIOR MEASURED BY THE ACCELERATING ROTAROD BEHAVIORAL TEST DEVELOPED DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL TREATMENT AND PERSISTED AT BOTH THE 8-H AND 24-H WITHDRAWAL TIME POINTS COMPARED TO CONTROL DIET-FED RATS. IN ADDITION, CHRONIC ETHANOL TREATMENT RESULTED IN UP-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF FMR1 MRNA AND INCREASED ACTIVATING EPIGENETIC MARKS H3K27 ACETYLATION AND H3K4 TRIMETHYLATION AT 2 SITES WITHIN THE FMR1 PROMOTER. FINALLY, MEASUREMENT OF THE EXPRESSION OF RELEVANT FMRP MRNA TARGETS IN THE CEREBELLUM SHOWED THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL UP-REGULATED CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT BINDING (CREB) CREB1, PSD95, GRM5, AND GRIN2B MRNA EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING GRIN2A, EAA1, OR HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES CREB BINDING PROTEIN (CBP) OR P300 MRNA TRANSCRIPTS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FMR1 AND SUBSEQUENT FMRP REGULATION OF TARGET MRNA TRANSCRIPTS CONSTITUTE NEUROADAPTATIONS IN THE CEREBELLUM THAT MAY UNDERLIE THE PERSISTENCE OF ATAXIC BEHAVIOR DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  4163  27 MECP2 REPRESSION OF G9A IN REGULATION OF PAIN AND MORPHINE REWARD. OPIOIDS ARE COMMONLY USED FOR PAIN RELIEF, BUT THEIR STRONG REWARDING EFFECTS DRIVE OPIOID MISUSE AND ABUSE. HOW PAIN AFFECTS THE LIABILITY OF OPIOID ABUSE IS UNKNOWN AT PRESENT. IN THIS STUDY, WE IDENTIFIED AN EPIGENETIC REGULATING CASCADE ACTIVATED BY BOTH PAIN AND THE OPIOID MORPHINE. BOTH PERSISTENT PAIN AND REPEATED MORPHINE UPREGULATED THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR MECP2 IN MOUSE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA (CEA). CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT MECP2 BOUND TO AND REPRESSED THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR HISTONE DIMETHYLTRANSFERASE G9A, REDUCING G9A-CATALYZED REPRESSIVE MARK H3K9ME2 IN CEA. REPRESSION OF G9A ACTIVITY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF). BEHAVIORALLY, PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN INCREASED THE SENSITIVITY TO ACQUIRING MORPHINE-INDUCED, REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIOR OF CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN MICE. LOCAL VIRAL VECTOR-MEDIATED MECP2 OVEREXPRESSION, CRE-INDUCED G9A KNOCKDOWN, AND CEA APPLICATION OF BDNF MIMICKED, WHEREAS MECP2 KNOCKDOWN INHIBITED, THE PAIN EFFECT. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MECP2 DIRECTLY REPRESSES G9A AS A SHARED MECHANISM IN CENTRAL AMYGDALA FOR REGULATION OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSES TO PAIN AND OPIOID REWARD, AND FOR THEIR BEHAVIORAL INTERACTION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10  6388  35 THE ROLE OF SIRT1 IN THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA IN DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS HAVE IMPLICATED THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA) EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. SIRT1 IS A NAD+-DEPENDENT CLASS III HISTONE DEACETYLASE, WIDELY EXPRESSES IN BLA. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE BLA UNDER THE REGULATION OF SIRT1 IN THE DEPRESSION ARE LARGELY UNCHARACTERIZED. UNDER THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CUMS) MOUSE MODEL, WE USED ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRAL VECTORS (AAV) THAT ENCODED SIRT1-SHRNA OR SIRT1 TO SPECIFICALLY KNOCKDOWN OR OVEREXPRESS SIRT1 IN BLA NEURONS, RESPECTIVELY. CUMS PROCEDURE INDUCED SIGNIFICANT DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS INCLUDING THE DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE, THE LESS BODYWEIGHT GAINED, THE DECREASED IMMOBILE LATENCY AND THE INCREASED IMMOBILE TIME BOTH IN FORCED SWIM TEST (FST) AND TAIL SUSPENSION TEST (TST). KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 IN BLA GLUTAMATERGIC NEURONS REVERSED THESE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND RESTORED THE SYNAPTIC ABNORMALITIES. OVEREXPRESSION OF SIRT1 IN BLA GLUTAMATERGIC NEURONS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN NON-STRESSED CONTROL MICE. THE RESULT OF PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE BEHAVIORAL RESULTS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTED THAT DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 IN BLA HAS CERTAIN BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS SUCH AS ANOREXIA, ANHEDONIA, HOPELESSNESS AND DESPAIR. IN ADDITION, THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 MAY BE THE IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE SYMPTOMS. THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 MAY AFFECT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION MECHANISM AND SIGNALING PROTEIN ACETYLATION, AFFECTING NEUROPLASTICITY AND ULTIMATELY CONTRIBUTE TO MDD. IN THE STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE, THESE TWO MECHANISMS MAY CO-EXIST, BUT THE SPECIFIC MECHANISM NEEDS FURTHER RESEARCH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11  4161  39 MECP2 REGULATES ETHANOL SENSITIVITY AND INTAKE. WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE EXPRESSION OF CHROMATIN-REGULATING GENES IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND IN THE SHELL SUBDIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS DURING PROTRACTED WITHDRAWAL IN MICE WITH INCREASED ETHANOL DRINKING AFTER CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (CIE) VAPOR EXPOSURE AND IN MICE WITH A HISTORY OF NON-DEPENDENT DRINKING. WE OBSERVED THAT THE METHYL-CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) WAS ONE OF THE FEW CHROMATIN-REGULATING GENES TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED BY A HISTORY OF DEPENDENCE. AS MECP2 HAS THE POTENTIAL OF ACTING AS A BROAD GENE REGULATOR, WE INVESTIGATED SENSITIVITY TO ETHANOL AND ETHANOL DRINKING IN MECP2(308/) (Y) MICE, WHICH HARBOR A TRUNCATED MECP2 ALLELE BUT HAVE A MILDER PHENOTYPE THAN MECP2 NULL MICE. WE OBSERVED THAT MECP2(308/) (Y) MICE WERE MORE SENSITIVE TO ETHANOL'S STIMULATORY AND SEDATIVE EFFECTS THAN WILD-TYPE (WT) MICE, DRANK LESS ETHANOL IN A LIMITED ACCESS 2 BOTTLE CHOICE PARADIGM AND DID NOT SHOW INCREASED DRINKING AFTER INDUCTION OF DEPENDENCE WITH EXPOSURE TO CIE VAPORS. ALCOHOL METABOLISM DID NOT DIFFER IN MECP2(308/) (Y) AND WT MICE. ADDITIONALLY, MECP2(308/) (Y) MICE DID NOT DIFFER FROM WT MICE IN ETHANOL PREFERENCE IN A 24-HOUR PARADIGM NOR IN THEIR INTAKE OF GRADED SOLUTIONS OF SACCHARIN OR QUININE, SUGGESTING THAT THE MECP2(308/) (Y) MUTATION DID NOT ALTER TASTE FUNCTION. LASTLY, USING THE GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS ALGORITHM, WE FOUND A SIGNIFICANT OVERLAP IN THE GENES REGULATED BY ALCOHOL AND BY MECP2. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MECP2 CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF ETHANOL SENSITIVITY AND DRINKING.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12  3203  36 HDAC3 ACTIVITY WITHIN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS REGULATES COCAINE-INDUCED PLASTICITY AND BEHAVIOR IN A CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC MANNER. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATE PROCESSES OF NEUROPLASTICITY CRITICAL TO COCAINE-INDUCED BEHAVIORS. THIS INCLUDES THE CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) HDAC3, KNOWN TO ACT AS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF COCAINE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY FORMATION WITHIN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC). DESPITE THIS, IT REMAINS UNKNOWN HOW COCAINE ALTERS HDAC3-DEPENDENT MECHANISMS. HERE, WE PROFILED HDAC3 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY IN TOTAL NAC MOUSE TISSUE FOLLOWING COCAINE EXPOSURE. ALTHOUGH CHRONIC COCAINE DID NOT AFFECT EXPRESSION OF HDAC3 WITHIN THE NAC, CHRONIC COCAINE DID AFFECT PROMOTER-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN HDAC3 AND H4K8AC OCCUPANCY. THESE CHANGES IN PROMOTER OCCUPANCY CORRELATED WITH COCAINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF PLASTICITY-RELATED GENES. TO CAUSALLY DETERMINE WHETHER COCAINE-INDUCED PLASTICITY IS MEDIATED BY HDAC3'S DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY, WE OVEREXPRESSED A DEACETYLASE-DEAD HDAC3 POINT MUTANT (HDAC3-Y298H-V5) WITHIN THE NAC OF ADULT MALE MICE. WE FOUND THAT DISRUPTING HDAC3'S ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY ALTERED SELECTIVE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY FOLLOWING COCAINE EXPOSURE, DESPITE HAVING NO EFFECTS ON COCAINE-INDUCED BEHAVIORS. IN FURTHER ASSESSING HDAC3'S ROLE WITHIN THE NAC, WE OBSERVED THAT CHRONIC COCAINE INCREASES HDAC3 EXPRESSION IN DRD1 BUT NOT DRD2-CELLS OF THE NAC. MOREOVER, WE DISCOVERED THAT HDAC3 ACTS SELECTIVELY WITHIN D1R CELL-TYPES TO REGULATE COCAINE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY FORMATION AND COCAINE-SEEKING. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT COCAINE INDUCES CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE PLASTICITY IMPORTANT FOR DRIVING COCAINE-RELATED BEHAVIORS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT DRUGS OF ABUSE ALTER MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGHOUT THE REWARD CIRCUITRY THAT CAN LEAD TO PERSISTENT DRUG-ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS. EPIGENETIC REGULATORS ARE CRITICAL DRIVERS OF DRUG-INDUCED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE ACTIVITY OF AN EPIGENETIC ENZYME PROMOTES NEUROPLASTICITY WITHIN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) CRITICAL TO COCAINE ACTION. IN ADDITION, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THESE CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY DRIVE COCAINE-SEEKING BEHAVIORS IN A CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC MANNER. THESE FINDINGS ARE KEY IN UNDERSTANDING AND TARGETING COCAINE'S IMPACT OF NEURAL CIRCUITRY AND BEHAVIOR.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  4172  31 MELATONIN IMPEDES TET1-DEPENDENT MGLUR5 PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION TO RELIEVE PAIN. MELATONIN (N-ACETYL-5-METHOXYTRYPTAMINE)/MT2 RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION REPRESENTS A NOVEL PATHWAY IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BECAUSE SPINAL TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1)-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC DEMETHYLATION HAS RECENTLY BEEN LINKED TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT MELATONIN/MT2-DEPENDENT ANALGESIA INVOLVES SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DEMETHYLATION. HERE, WE SHOWED THAT SPINAL TET1 GENE TRANSFER BY INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF TET1-ENCODING VECTORS TO NAIVE RATS PRODUCED PROFOUND AND LONG-LASTING NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY. IN ADDITION, ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION, TET1-METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPE 5 (MGLUR5) PROMOTER COUPLING, DEMETHYLATION AT THE MGLUR5 PROMOTER, AND MGLUR5 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS WERE OBSERVED. RATS SUBJECTED TO SPINAL NERVE LIGATION AND INTRAPLANTAR COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT INJECTION DISPLAYED TACTILE ALLODYNIA AND BEHAVIORAL HYPERALGESIA ASSOCIATED WITH SIMILAR CHANGES IN THE DORSAL HORN. NOTABLY, INTRATHECAL MELATONIN INJECTION REVERSED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION, PROTEIN-PROMOTER COUPLING, PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION, AND PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY INDUCED BY TET1 GENE TRANSFER, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION, AND INTRAPLANTAR COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT INJECTION. ALL THE EFFECTS CAUSED BY MELATONIN WERE BLOCKED BY PRETREATMENT WITH A MT2 RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE ANTAGONIST. IN CONCLUSION, MELATONIN RELIEVES PAIN BY IMPEDING TET1-DEPENDENT DEMETHYLATION OF MGLUR5 IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THROUGH THE MT2 RECEPTOR. OUR FINDINGS LINK MELATONIN/MT2 SIGNALING TO TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC DEMETHYLATION OF NOCICEPTIVE GENES FOR THE FIRST TIME AND SUGGEST MELATONIN AS A PROMISING THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
14  5021  37 PERSISTENT PAIN MAINTAINS MORPHINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AFTER MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL THROUGH REDUCED MECP2 REPRESSION OF GLUA1 IN RAT CENTRAL AMYGDALA. AS LONG-TERM OPIOIDS ARE INCREASINGLY USED FOR CONTROL OF CHRONIC PAIN, HOW PAIN AFFECTS THE REWARDING EFFECT OF OPIOIDS AND HENCE RISK OF PRESCRIPTION OPIOID MISUSE AND ABUSE REMAINS A HEALTHCARE CONCERN AND A CHALLENGING ISSUE IN CURRENT PAIN MANAGEMENT. IN THIS STUDY, USING A RAT MODEL OF MORPHINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION, WE INVESTIGATED THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE IMPACT OF PAIN ON OPERANT BEHAVIOR OF MORPHINE INTAKE AND MORPHINE SEEKING BEFORE AND AFTER MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL. WE FOUND THAT RATS WITH PERSISTENT PAIN CONSUMED A SIMILAR AMOUNT OF DAILY MORPHINE TO THAT IN CONTROL RATS WITHOUT PAIN, BUT MAINTAINED THEIR LEVEL-PRESSING BEHAVIOR OF MORPHINE SEEKING AFTER ABSTINENCE OF MORPHINE AT 0.2 MG/KG, WHEREAS THIS BEHAVIOR WAS GRADUALLY DIMINISHED IN CONTROL RATS. IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF AMYGDALA (CEA), A LIMBIC STRUCTURE CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN THE AFFECTIVE DIMENSION OF PAIN, PROTEINS OF GLUA1 SUBUNITS OF GLUTAMATE AMPA RECEPTORS WERE UPREGULATED DURING MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL, AND VIRAL KNOCKDOWN OF CEA GLUA1 ELIMINATED THE MORPHINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR IN WITHDRAWN RATS OF THE PAIN GROUP. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE METHYL CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) WAS ENRICHED IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF GRIA1 ENCODING GLUA1 AND THIS ENRICHMENT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED IN WITHDRAWN RATS OF THE PAIN GROUP. FURTHERMORE, VIRAL OVEREXPRESSION OF CEA MECP2 REPRESSED THE GLUA1 LEVEL AND ELIMINATED THE MAINTENANCE OF MORPHINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AFTER MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST DIRECT MECP2 REPRESSION OF GLUA1 FUNCTION AS A LIKELY MECHANISM FOR MORPHINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR MAINTAINED BY LONG-LASTING AFFECTIVE PAIN AFTER MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15   683  31 BRAIN PLASTICITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AFTER ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN C57BL/6J MICE. ACUTE OR CHRONIC ADMINISTRATIONS OF HIGH DOSES OF ETHANOL IN MICE ARE KNOWN TO PRODUCE SEVERE COGNITIVE DEFICITS LINKED TO HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE. HOWEVER, WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT CHRONIC AND MODERATE ETHANOL INTAKE IN C57BL/6J MICE INDUCED CHROMATIN REMODELING WITHIN THE BDNF PROMOTERS, LEADING TO BOTH ENHANCED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION AND HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS UNDER FREE-CHOICE PROTOCOL. WE PERFORMED HERE A SERIES OF CELLULAR AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES TO ANALYZE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THESE MODIFICATIONS. WE SHOWED THAT A 3-WEEK CHRONIC FREE-CHOICE ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN C57BL/6J MICE LED TO A DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION OF THE BDNF GENE WITHIN THE CA1 AND CA3 SUBFIELDS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND UPREGULATED HIPPOCAMPAL BDNF SIGNALING PATHWAYS MEDIATED BY ERK, AKT AND CREB. HOWEVER, THIS ACTIVATION DID NOT AFFECT LONG-TERM POTENTIATION IN THE CA1. CONVERSELY, ETHANOL INTAKE IMPAIRED LEARNING AND MEMORY CAPACITIES ANALYZED IN THE CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING TEST AND THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TASK. IN ADDITION, ETHANOL INCREASED BEHAVIORAL PERSEVERATION IN THE BARNES MAZE TEST BUT DID NOT ALTER THE MOUSE OVERALL SPATIAL CAPACITIES. THESE DATA SUGGESTED THAT IN CONDITIONS OF CHRONIC AND MODERATE ETHANOL INTAKE, THE CHROMATIN REMODELING LEADING TO BDNF SIGNALING UPREGULATION IS PROBABLY AN ADAPTIVE PROCESS, ENGAGED VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS, TO COUNTERACT THE COGNITIVE DEFICITS INDUCED BY ETHANOL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  2243  25 EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF CHRONIC ANXIETY AND PAIN BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION. PROLONGED EXPOSURE OF THE CENTRAL AMYGDALA (CEA) TO ELEVATED CORTICOSTEROIDS (CORT) FACILITATES LONG-TERM ANXIETY AND PAIN THROUGH ACTIVATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS (GRS) AND CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF). HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS MAINTAINING THESE RESPONSES ARE UNKNOWN. SINCE CHRONIC PHENOTYPES CAN BE SUSTAINED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING HISTONE MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS DEACETYLATION, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HISTONE DEACETYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC ANXIETY AND PAIN INDUCED BY PROLONGED EXPOSURE OF THE CEA TO CORT. WE FOUND THAT BILATERAL INFUSIONS OF A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR INTO THE CEA ATTENUATED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS SOMATIC AND VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY RESULTING FROM ELEVATED CORT EXPOSURE. MOREOVER, WE DELINEATED A NOVEL PATHWAY THROUGH WHICH HISTONE DEACETYLATION COULD CONTRIBUTE TO CORT REGULATION OF GR AND SUBSEQUENT CRF EXPRESSION IN THE CEA. SPECIFICALLY, DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 9 (H3K9), THROUGH THE COORDINATED ACTION OF THE NAD+-DEPENDENT PROTEIN DEACETYLASE SIRTUIN-6 (SIRT6) AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NFKAPPAB), SEQUESTERS GR EXPRESSION LEADING TO DISINHIBITION OF CRF. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING IN THE AMYGDALA, SPECIFICALLY HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, IS IMPORTANT IN THE MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC ANXIETY AND PAIN.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  5651  20 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN FOLLOWING UNPREDICTABLE EARLY LIFE STRESS. BACKGROUND: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) DYSREGULATED GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) AND CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA (CEA). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SERVE AS MEMORIES OF ADVERSE EVENTS THAT OCCURRED DURING EARLY LIFE. THEREFORE, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ALTER GR AND CRH EXPRESSION IN THE CEA AND UNDERLIE CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN AFTER ELS. METHODS: NEONATAL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO UNPREDICTABLE, PREDICTABLE ELS, OR ODOR ONLY (NO STRESS CONTROL) FROM POSTNATAL DAYS 8 TO 12. IN ADULTHOOD, VISCERAL SENSITIVITY WAS ASSESSED OR THE CEA WAS ISOLATED FOR WESTERN BLOT OR CHIP-QPCR TO STUDY HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT THE GR AND CRH PROMOTERS. FEMALE ADULT RATS UNDERWENT STEREOTAXIC IMPLANTATION OF INDWELLING CANNULAS FOR MICROINJECTIONS OF GARCINOL (HAT INHIBITOR) INTO THE CEA. AFTER 7 DAYS OF MICROINJECTIONS, VISCERAL SENSITIVITY WAS ASSESSED OR THE CEA WAS ISOLATED FOR CHIP-QPCR ASSAYS. RESULTS: UNPREDICTABLE ELS INCREASED VISCERAL SENSITIVITY IN ADULT FEMALE RATS, BUT NOT IN MALE COUNTERPARTS. ELS INCREASED HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 (H3K9) ACETYLATION IN THE CEA AND H3K9 ACETYLATION LEVELS AT THE GR PROMOTER IN THE CEA OF ADULT FEMALE RATS. AFTER UNPREDICTABLE ELS, H3K9 ACETYLATION WAS INCREASED AND GR BINDING WAS DECREASED AT THE CRH PROMOTER. ADMINISTRATION OF GARCINOL IN THE CEA OF ADULT FEMALES, THAT UNDERWENT UNPREDICTABLE ELS, NORMALIZED H3K9 ACETYLATION AND RESTORED GR BINDING AT THE CRH PROMOTER. CONCLUSION: DYSREGULATED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GR BINDING AT THE CRH PROMOTER IN THE CEA ARE AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR "MEMORIZING" ELS EVENTS MEDIATING VISCERAL PAIN IN ADULTHOOD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18  2826  38 FLUOXETINE EPIGENETICALLY ALTERS THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS TO REGULATE DELTAFOSB BINDING AND ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS. CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS IN MICE PRODUCES A SUSCEPTIBLE PHENOTYPE CHARACTERIZED BY SEVERAL BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES CONSISTENT WITH HUMAN DEPRESSION THAT ARE REVERSED BY CHRONIC BUT NOT ACUTE EXPOSURE TO ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS. RECENT WORK IN ADDICTION MODELS DEMONSTRATES THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB AND PROTEIN KINASE CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II (CAMKII) ARE CO-REGULATED IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REWARD REGION IMPLICATED IN BOTH ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION MODELS INCLUDING SOCIAL DEFEAT. PREVIOUS WORK HAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED IN NAC AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR AFTER CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT, WHEREIN IT MEDIATES A PRO-RESILIENCE OR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE PHENOTYPE. HERE, USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS, WE FOUND THAT DELTAFOSB BINDS THE CAMKIIALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN NAC AND THAT THIS BINDING INCREASES AFTER MICE ARE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. PARADOXICALLY, CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE REDUCES BINDING OF DELTAFOSB TO THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER AND REDUCES CAMKII EXPRESSION IN NAC, DESPITE THE FACT THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. THESE DATA SUGGEST A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION, WHEREBY FLUOXETINE INDUCES SOME CHROMATIN CHANGE AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER, WHICH BLOCKS THE DELTAFOSB BINDING. INDEED, CHRONIC FLUOXETINE REDUCES ACETYLATION AND INCREASES LYSINE-9 DIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NAC, EFFECTS ALSO SEEN IN DEPRESSED HUMANS EXPOSED TO ANTIDEPRESSANTS. OVEREXPRESSION OF CAMKII IN NAC BLOCKS FLUOXETINE'S ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS IN THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT PARADIGM, WHEREAS INHIBITION OF CAMKII ACTIVITY IN NAC MIMICS FLUOXETINE EXPOSURE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF CAMKIIALPHA EXPRESSION IN NAC IS BEHAVIORALLY RELEVANT AND OFFER A NOVEL PATHWAY FOR POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN DEPRESSION AND RELATED SYNDROMES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  5712  38 SIRT1 MEDIATES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. DEPRESSION IS A RECURRING AND LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS THAT AFFECTS UP TO 120 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, AN ETHOLOGICALLY VALIDATED MODEL OF DEPRESSION IN MICE, INCREASES SIRT1 LEVELS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. INCREASES IN SIRT1, A WELL CHARACTERIZED CLASS III HISTONE DEACETYLASE, AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT SUGGEST A ROLE FOR THIS ENZYME IN MEDIATING DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WHEN RESVERATROL, A PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVATOR OF SIRT1, WAS DIRECTLY INFUSED BILATERALLY INTO THE NAC, WE OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. CONVERSELY, INTRA-NAC INFUSIONS OF EX-527, A SIRT1 ANTAGONIST, REDUCED THESE BEHAVIORS; EX-527 ALSO REDUCED ACUTE STRESS RESPONSES IN STRESS-NAIVE MICE. NEXT, WE INCREASED SIRT1 LEVELS DIRECTLY IN NAC BY USE OF VIRAL-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER AND OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WHEN MICE WERE ASSESSED IN THE OPEN-FIELD, ELEVATED-PLUS-MAZE, AND FORCED SWIM TESTS. USING A CRE-INDUCIBLE VIRAL VECTOR SYSTEM TO OVEREXPRESS SIRT1 SELECTIVELY IN DOPAMINE D1 OR D2 SUBPOPULATIONS OF MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS (MSNS) IN THE NAC, WE FOUND THAT SIRT1 PROMOTES DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS ONLY WHEN OVEREXPRESSED IN D1 MSNS, WITH NO EFFECT SEEN IN D2 MSNS. CONVERSELY, SELECTIVE ABLATION OF SIRT1 IN THE NAC USING VIRAL-CRE IN FLOXED SIRT1 MICE RESULTED IN DECREASED DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT SIRT1 PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE NAC IN REGULATING MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES AND IDENTIFIES A NOVEL SIGNALING PATHWAY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO TREAT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE A PIVOTAL ROLE FOR SIRT1 IN ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. WE SHOW THAT STRESS STABLY INDUCES SIRT1 EXPRESSION IN THIS BRAIN REGION AND THAT ALTERING SIRT1 ACTIVITY USING A PHARMACOLOGICAL OR GENETIC APPROACH REGULATES ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN REGULATING MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORS AND INTRODUCES A NOVEL SIGNALING PATHWAY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO TREAT DEPRESSION AND OTHER STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. A RECENT GROUNDBREAKING PUBLICATION BY THE CONVERGE CONSORTIUM (2015) IDENTIFIED A REPRODUCIBLE ASSOCIATION OF THE SIRT1 LOCUS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION IN HUMANS. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS ARE TIMELY AND HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE.	2016	
           
20   775  38 CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC WHOLE-GENOME LANDSCAPE OF DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. BACKGROUND: THE ABILITY OF NEURONS TO RESPOND TO EXTERNAL STIMULI INVOLVES ADAPTATIONS OF GENE EXPRESSION. INDUCTION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION. HOWEVER, A COMPREHENSIVE MAP OF DELTAFOSB'S GENE TARGETS HAS NOT YET BEEN GENERATED. METHODS: WE USED CUT&RUN (CLEAVAGE UNDER TARGETS AND RELEASE USING NUCLEASE) TO MAP THE GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE 2 MAIN TYPES OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONS-D1 OR D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS-AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. TO ANNOTATE GENOMIC REGIONS OF DELTAFOSB BINDING SITES, WE ALSO EXAMINED THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEVERAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. RESULTING DATASETS WERE LEVERAGED FOR MULTIPLE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES. RESULTS: THE MAJORITY OF DELTAFOSB PEAKS OCCUR OUTSIDE PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING INTERGENIC REGIONS, AND ARE SURROUNDED BY EPIGENETIC MARKS INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE ENHANCERS. BRG1, THE CORE SUBUNIT OF THE SWI/SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX, OVERLAPS WITH DELTAFOSB PEAKS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH EARLIER STUDIES OF DELTAFOSB'S INTERACTING PROTEINS. CHRONIC COCAINE USE INDUCES BROAD CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN BOTH D1 AND D2 NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE. IN ADDITION, IN SILICO ANALYSES PREDICT THAT DELTAFOSB COOPERATIVELY REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION WITH HOMEOBOX AND T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE NOVEL FINDINGS UNCOVER KEY ELEMENTS OF DELTAFOSB'S MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AT BASELINE AND IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF DELTAFOSB'S COLLABORATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND CHROMATIN PARTNERS SPECIFICALLY IN D1 AND D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS WILL REVEAL A BROADER PICTURE OF THE FUNCTION OF DELTAFOSB AND THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DRUG ADDICTION.	2023