1  1904 158 ENHANCED RETINAL GANGLION CELL SURVIVAL IN GLAUCOMA BY HYPOXIC POSTCONDITIONING AFTER DISEASE ONSET. THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF ADAPTIVE EPIGENETICS, WHEREIN BENEFICIAL GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES ARE INDUCED BY NONHARMFUL "CONDITIONING" STIMULI, IS NOW WELL ESTABLISHED IN SEVERAL ACUTE, PRECLINICAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY MODELS. RECENTLY, IN A MOUSE MODEL OF GLAUCOMA, WE DEMONSTRATED RETINAL GANGLION CELL (RGC) PROTECTION BY REPETITIVELY "PRECONDITIONING" WITH HYPOXIA PRIOR TO DISEASE ONSET, INDICATING AN EPIGENETIC APPROACH MAY ALSO YIELD BENEFITS IN CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. HEREIN, WE DETERMINED WHETHER PRESENTING THE REPETITIVE HYPOXIC STIMULUS AFTER DISEASE INITIATION [REPETITIVE HYPOXIC "POSTCONDITIONING" (RH-POST)] COULD AFFORD SIMILAR FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGIC PROTECTION AGAINST GLAUCOMATOUS RGC INJURY. CHRONIC ELEVATIONS IN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) WERE INDUCED UNILATERALLY IN ADULT MALE C57BL/6 MICE BY EPISCLERAL VEIN LIGATION. MICE WERE RANDOMIZED TO AN RH-POST [1 H OF SYSTEMIC HYPOXIA (11% OXYGEN) EVERY OTHER DAY, STARTING 4 DAYS AFTER IOP ELEVATION] OR AN UNTREATED CONTROL GROUP. AFTER 3 WEEKS OF EXPERIMENTAL GLAUCOMA, THE 21-27% REDUCTION AND 5-25% PROLONGATION IN FLASH VISUAL-EVOKED POTENTIAL AMPLITUDES AND LATENCIES, RESPECTIVELY, AND THE 30% IMPAIRMENT IN VISUAL ACUITY WERE ROBUSTLY IMPROVED IN RH-POST-TREATED MICE, AS WAS THE 17% LOSS IN RGC SOMA NUMBER AND 20% REDUCTION IN AXON INTEGRITY. THESE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED WITHOUT RH-POST AFFECTING IOP. THE PRESENT FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGIC PROTECTION OF RGCS CAN BE REALIZED BY STIMULATING EPIGENETIC RESPONSES DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE, AND THUS CONSTITUTE A NEW CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO GLAUCOMA THERAPEUTICS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2   809  39 CHANGES IN CLASS I AND IIB HDACS BY DELTA-OPIOID IN CHRONIC RAT GLAUCOMA MODEL. PURPOSE: THIS STUDY DETERMINES IF DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR AGONIST (I.E. SNC-121)-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES VIA REGULATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) FOR RETINAL GANGLION CELL (RGC) NEUROPROTECTION IN GLAUCOMA MODEL. METHODS: INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE WAS RAISED IN RAT EYES BY INJECTING 2M HYPERTONIC SALINE INTO THE LIMBAL VEINS. SNC-121 (1 MG/KG; I.P.) WAS ADMINISTERED TO THE ANIMALS FOR 7 DAYS. RETINAS WERE COLLECTED AT DAYS 7 AND 42, POST-INJURY FOLLOWED BY MEASUREMENT OF HDAC ACTIVITIES, MRNA, AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION BY ENZYME ASSAY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QRT-PCR), WESTERN BLOTTING, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. RESULTS: THE VISUAL ACUITY, CONTRAST SENSITIVITY, AND PATTERN ELECTRORETINOGRAMS (ERGS) WERE DECLINED IN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS, WHICH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED BY SNC-121 TREATMENT. CLASS I AND IIB HDACS ACTIVITIES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AT DAYS 7 AND 42 IN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HDAC 1 WAS INCREASED BY 1.33 +/- 0.07-FOLD AND 20.2 +/- 2.7%, HDAC 2 BY 1.4 +/- 0.05-FOLD AND 17.0 +/- 2.4%, HDAC 3 BY 1.4 +/- 0.06-FOLD AND 17.4 +/- 3.4%, AND HDAC 6 BY 1.5 +/- 0.09-FOLD AND 15.1 +/- 3.3% AT DAY 7, POST-INJURY. BOTH THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HDACS WERE POTENTIATED FURTHER AT DAY 42 IN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS. HDAC ACTIVITIES, MRNA, AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE BLOCKED BY SNC-121 TREATMENT AT DAYS 7 AND 42 IN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS. CONCLUSIONS: DATA SUGGESTS THAT CLASS I AND IIB HDACS ARE ACTIVATED AND UPREGULATED DURING EARLY STAGES OF GLAUCOMA. EARLY INTERVENTION WITH DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR ACTIVATION RESULTED IN THE PROLONGED SUPPRESSION OF CLASS I AND IIB HDACS ACTIVITIES AND EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY, IN PART, PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN RGC NEUROPROTECTION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  6654  33 UPDATE ON PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME PATHOGENESIS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, GLAUCOMA AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: PSEUDOEXFOLIATION (PEX) SYNDROME IS A COMMON AGE-RELATED DISORDER AFFECTING INTRAOCULAR AND EXTRAOCULAR TISSUES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON RECENT PUBLICATIONS RELATED WITH THE PATHOGENESIS AND ASSOCIATIONS OF PEX SYNDROME WITH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP), GLAUCOMA AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES. RECENT FINDINGS: IN PEX TISSUES, EXPRESSION OF LYSYL OXIDASE-LIKE 1 (LOXL1) WAS FOUND TO BE MARKEDLY DYSREGULATED. THIS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT ELASTIN METABOLISM AND LEAD TO ELASTOTIC ALTERATION IN TISSUES SUCH AS LAMINA CRIBROSA. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT CELLULAR STRESS CONDITIONS AND LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PEX. ALTHOUGH THERE IS AN INCREASED RISK FOR GLAUCOMA DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PEX AND OCULAR HYPERTENSION AS COMPARED WITH NON-PEX PATIENTS WITH OCULAR HYPERTENSION, LOXL1 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) DIFFERENCES. LACK OF ASSOCIATION OF PEX WITH ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY OR DEMENTIA HAS BEEN REPORTED RECENTLY. THE ASSOCIATION WITH VASCULAR DISEASES IS NOT CONSISTENT AMONG DIFFERENT STUDIES. SUMMARY: DESPITE THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF THE LOXL1 VARIANTS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, A MUCH LOWER PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION DEVELOPS PEX, SUGGESTING THAT IN ADDITION TO LOXL1, OTHER GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEX. ALSO, LOXL1 CANNOT HELP TO IDENTIFY THOSE WITH PEX AT INCREASED RISK FOR GLAUCOMA DEVELOPMENT. INCREASED RISK FOR GLAUCOMA DEVELOPMENT IN PEX PATIENTS WHO PRESENT WITH INCREASED IOP MAY BE RELATED TO OTHER FACTORS BEYOND IOP, CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED VULNERABILITY OF THE OPTIC NERVE TO GLAUCOMA DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF PEX.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  2473  32 EPIGENETIC TREATMENTS OF ADULT RATS PROMOTE RECOVERY FROM VISUAL ACUITY DEFICITS INDUCED BY LONG-TERM MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION. IN MAMMALS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM MAY BE ALTERED DURING A SENSITIVE PERIOD BY MODIFYING THE VISUAL INPUT TO ONE OR BOTH EYES. THESE PLASTIC PROCESSES ARE REDUCED AFTER THE END OF THE SENSITIVE PERIOD. IT HAS BEEN PROPOSED THAT REDUCED LEVELS OF PLASTICITY ARE AT THE BASIS OF THE LACK OF RECOVERY FROM EARLY VISUAL DEPRIVATION OBSERVED IN ADULT ANIMALS. A DEVELOPMENTAL DOWNREGULATION OF EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION HAS RECENTLY BEEN FOUND TO BE INVOLVED IN CLOSING THE SENSITIVE PERIOD. THEREFORE, WE TESTED WHETHER PHARMACOLOGICAL EPIGENETIC TREATMENTS INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION COULD BE USED TO REVERSE VISUAL ACUITY DEFICITS INDUCED BY LONG-TERM MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION INITIATED DURING THE SENSITIVE PERIOD. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID OR SODIUM BUTYRATE (TWO DIFFERENT HISTONE DEACETYLASES INHIBITORS) TO LONG-TERM MONOCULARLY DEPRIVED ADULT RATS COUPLED WITH REVERSE LID-SUTURING CAUSED A COMPLETE RECOVERY OF VISUAL ACUITY, TESTED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICALLY AND BEHAVIORALLY. THUS, MANIPULATIONS OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY CAN BE USED TO PROMOTE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY FROM EARLY ALTERATIONS OF SENSORY INPUT IN THE ADULT CORTEX.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  3332  29 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR-INDUCED EMERGENCE OF SYNAPTIC DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTORS AND BEHAVIORAL ANTINOCICEPTION IN PERSISTENT NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE EFFICACY OF OPIOIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN REMAINS CONTROVERSIAL. ALTHOUGH ACTIVATION OF DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTORS (DORS) IN THE BRAINSTEM REDUCES INFLAMMATION-INDUCED PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA, IT IS NOT EFFECTIVE UNDER PERSISTENT NEUROPATHIC PAIN CONDITIONS AND THESE CLINICAL PROBLEMS REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. IN THIS STUDY, BY USING A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) OF THE SCIATIC NERVE IN RATS, WE FOUND THAT IN THE BRAINSTEM NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS (NRM), DORS EMERGED ON THE SURFACE MEMBRANE OF CENTRAL SYNAPTIC TERMINALS ON DAY 3 AFTER CCI SURGERY AND DISAPPEARED ON DAY 14. HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS MICROINJECTED INTO THE NRM IN VIVO INCREASED THE LEVEL OF SYNAPTOSOMAL DOR PROTEIN AND NRM INFUSION OF DOR AGONISTS PRODUCING AN ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT IN A NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) SIGNALING-DEPENDENT MANNER. IN VITRO, IN CCI RAT SLICES INCUBATED WITH HDAC INHIBITORS, DOR AGONISTS SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED EPSCS. THIS EFFECT WAS BLOCKED BY TYROSINE RECEPTOR KINASE A ANTAGONISTS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT NRM INFUSION OF HDAC INHIBITORS IN CCI RATS INCREASED THE LEVEL OF HISTONE H4 ACETYLATION AT NGF GENE PROMOTER REGIONS. NGF WAS INFUSED INTO THE NRM OR INCUBATED CCI RAT SLICES DROVE DORS TO THE SURFACE MEMBRANE OF SYNAPTIC TERMINALS. TAKEN TOGETHER, EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF NGF ACTIVITY BY HDAC INHIBITORS IN THE NRM PROMOTES THE TRAFFICKING OF DORS TO PAIN-MODULATING NEURONAL SYNAPSES UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN CONDITIONS, LEADING TO DELTA-OPIOID ANALGESIA. THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THERAPEUTIC USE OF DOR AGONISTS COMBINED WITH HDAC INHIBITORS MIGHT BE EFFECTIVE IN CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6  6023  37 THE BET PROTAC INHIBITOR DBET6 PROTECTS AGAINST RETINAL DEGENERATION AND INHIBITS THE CGAS-STING IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT DAMAGE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO PHOTORECEPTOR DEATH IN BLINDING RETINAL DISEASES SUCH AS AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA (RP). BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) PROTEINS ARE EPIGENETIC READERS THAT ACT AS KEY PROINFLAMMATORY FACTORS. WE RECENTLY FOUND THE FIRST-GENERATION BET INHIBITOR JQ1 ALLEVIATED SODIUM IODATE-INDUCED RETINAL DEGENERATION BY SUPPRESSING CGAS-STING INNATE IMMUNITY. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS AND MECHANISM OF DBET6, A PROTEOLYSIS?TARGETING CHIMERA (PROTAC) SMALL MOLECULE THAT SELECTIVELY DEGRADES BET BY THE UBIQUITIN?PROTEASOME SYSTEM, IN LIGHT-INDUCED RETINAL DEGENERATION. METHODS: MICE WERE EXPOSED TO BRIGHT LIGHT TO INDUCE RETINAL DEGENERATION, AND THE ACTIVATION OF CGAS-STING WAS DETERMINED BY RNA-SEQUENCING AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. RETINAL FUNCTION, MORPHOLOGY, PHOTORECEPTOR VIABILITY AND RETINAL INFLAMMATION WERE EXAMINED IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF DBET6 TREATMENT. RESULTS: INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF DBET6 LED TO THE RAPID DEGRADATION OF BET PROTEIN IN THE RETINA WITHOUT DETECTABLE TOXICITY. DBET6 IMPROVED RETINAL RESPONSIVENESS AND VISUAL ACUITY AFTER LIGHT DAMAGE (LD). DBET6 ALSO REPRESSED LD-INDUCED RETINAL MACROPHAGES/MICROGLIA ACTIVATION, MULLER CELL GLIOSIS, PHOTORECEPTOR DEATH AND RETINAL DEGENERATION. ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-CELL RNA-SEQUENCING RESULTS REVEALED CGAS-STING COMPONENTS WERE EXPRESSED IN RETINAL MICROGLIA. LD LED TO DRAMATIC ACTIVATION OF THE CGAS-STING PATHWAY, WHEREAS DBET6 SUPPRESSED LD-INDUCED STING EXPRESSION IN REACTIVE MACROPHAGES/MICROGLIA AND THE RELATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY INDICATES TARGETED DEGRADATION OF BET BY DBET6 EXERTS NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS BY INHIBITING CGAS-STING IN REACTIVE RETINAL MACROPHAGES/MICROGLIA, AND IS EXPECTED TO BECOME A NEW STRATEGY FOR TREATMENT OF RETINAL DEGENERATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7  2300  28 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8  6612  26 ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE ENHANCES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN PTX-TREATED RATS: REGULATION ON GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING MAY HAVE A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT; THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE GLOBAL PATTERNS OF LYSINE HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN THIS SERIAL STUDY WE ANALYZED THE LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 MONOMETHYLATION, HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 DIMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION IN PERTUSSIS TOXIN (PTX)-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIC RAT SPINAL CORDS. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS IMPLANTED WITH AN INTRATHECAL CATHETER RECEIVED A SINGLE INTRATHECAL PTX (1 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION. FOUR DAYS LATER, THEY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SALINE, OR ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE (15 NG IN 5 MUL SALINE), FOLLOWED BY MORPHINE (10 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION 30 MINUTES LATER. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PTX INJECTION INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORDS. INTRATHECAL MORPHINE ALONE DID NOT AFFECT THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. IN CONTRAST, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE PLUS MORPHINE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE PTX-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND DOWN-REGULATED THE GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE MIGHT BE CLINICAL VALUABLE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT VIA REGULATING GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
9  3331  33 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  6039  37 THE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR2 SUPPORTS NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. CHRONIC PAIN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS VERY COMMON, BUT THE MECHANISMS LINKING TBI TO PAIN AND THE PAIN-RELATED INTERACTIONS OF TBI WITH PERIPHERAL INJURIES ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN BOTH PAIN AND BRAIN INJURY. IN THE CURRENT WORK, WE PURSUED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED CXC CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 2 (CXCR2) IS A CRUCIAL MODULATOR OF NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION INDUCED BY TBI. FOR THESE STUDIES, WE USED THE RAT LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION MODEL OF TBI. HISTONE ACTYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY WAS BLOCKED USING ANACARDIC ACID BEGINNING IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING INJURY, OR DELAYED FOR SEVEN DAYS PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION. THE SELECTIVE CXCR2 ANTAGONIST SCH527123 ADMINISTERED SYSTEMICALLY OR INTRATHECALLY WAS USED TO PROBE THE ROLE OF CHEMOKINE SIGNALING ON MECHANICAL HINDPAW SENSITIZATION AFTER TBI. THE EXPRESSION OF THE CXCR2 RECEPTOR WAS ACCOMPLISHED USING REAL-TIME PCR, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND WESTERN BLOTTING, WHILE EPIGENETIC REGULATION WAS ASSESSED USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. THE SPINAL LEVELS OF SEVERAL PAIN-RELATED MEDIATORS INCLUDING CXCL1, AN ENDOGENOUS LIGAND FOR CXCR2, AS WELL AS BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND PRODYNORPHIN WERE MEASURED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. WE OBSERVED THAT ANACARDIC ACID POTENTLY BLOCKED AND REVERSED MECHANICAL HINDPAW SENSITIZATION AFTER TBI. THE SAME DRUG WAS ABLE TO PREVENT THE UPREGULATION OF CXCR2 AFTER TBI, BUT DID NOT AFFECT THE SPINAL EXPRESSION OF OTHER PAIN MEDIATORS. ON THE OTHER HAND, BOTH SYSTEMICALLY AND INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTERED SCH527123 REVERSED HINDPAW ALLODYNIA AFTER TBI. MOST OF THE SPINAL CXCR2 APPEARED TO BE EXPRESSED BY SPINAL CORD NEURONS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATED TBI-ENHANCED ASSOCIATION OF THE CXCR2 PROMOTER WITH ACETYLATED-H3K9 HISTONE PROTEIN THAT WAS ALSO REVERSIBLE USING ANACARDIC ACID. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGESTED THAT TBI CAUSES THE UPREGULATION OF SPINAL CXCR2 THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM ULTIMATELY SUPPORTING NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION. THE USE OF CXCR2 ANTAGONISTS MAY, THEREFORE, BE USEFUL IN PAIN RESULTING FROM TBI.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11  5690  36 SILENCING OF FEM1CR3 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DBA/2J MOUSE PRECEDES RETINAL GANGLION CELL DEATH AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY. PURPOSE: DOWNREGULATION OF NORMAL GENE EXPRESSION IN DYING RETINAL GANGLION CELLS HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC MODELS OF OPTIC NERVE DISEASE. THE AUTHORS EXAMINED THE MECHANISM AND TIMING OF THIS PHENOMENON IN DBA/2J MICE, USING GENETICALLY MODIFIED SUBSTRAINS OF THIS INBRED LINE. METHODS: DBA/2J MICE, DOUBLY CONGENIC FOR THE BAX MUTANT ALLELE AND THE GANGLION CELL REPORTER GENE FEM1C(ROSA3) (R3), WERE EVALUATED TO ELUCIDATE THE TIMING OF LOSS OF NORMAL GENE EXPRESSION DURING THE APOPTOTIC PROCESS. THE LOCALIZATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 3 (HDAC3) AND NUCLEAR HISTONE H4 ACETYLATION WERE EXAMINED BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN DYING CELLS. THE ROLE OF HDACS IN GENE SILENCING DURING GLAUCOMA WAS INTERROGATED USING THE GLOBAL HDAC INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA). RESULTS: SILENCING OF THE R3 ALLELE OCCURRED IN BAX(-/-) GANGLION CELLS, INDICATING THAT THIS PROCESS PRECEDED THE COMMITTED STEP OF THE INTRINSIC APOPTOTIC PATHWAY. WEEKLY TSA TREATMENT, BETWEEN THE AGES OF 6 AND 10 MONTHS, WAS ABLE TO ATTENUATE THE LOSS OF R3 EXPRESSION IN THE RETINA, BUT HAD NO EFFECT ON OPTIC NERVE DEGENERATION. DYING CELLS IN AGING DBA/2J MICE EXHIBITED NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION OF HDAC3 AND A DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF H4 ACETYLATION. CONCLUSIONS: RETINAL GANGLION CELLS EXHIBIT A LOSS OF NORMAL GENE EXPRESSION AS AN EARLY (PRE-BAX INVOLVEMENT) PART OF THEIR APOPTOTIC PROGRAM DURING GLAUCOMATOUS DEGENERATION. THIS PROCESS CAN BE AMELIORATED, BUT NOT COMPLETELY BLOCKED, USING HDAC INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO ACTIVE CHROMATIN, SUCH AS DEACETYLATION, MAY BE MEDIATED BY HDAC3 IN DYING NEURONS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12   123  25 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, META-ANALYSIS, AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC MICRORNAS IN GLAUCOMA. GLAUCOMA IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE PROCESS OF THE OPTIC NERVE THAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE, AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE COULD GREATLY AFFECT PATIENTS' PROGNOSES. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GLAUCOMA IS COMPLICATED BY A COMBINATION OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. DECIPHERING THE EARLY DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS IN GLAUCOMA COULD ATTENUATE THE DISEASE'S GLOBAL BURDEN AND HELP US UNDERSTAND THE EXACT MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN GLAUCOMA. THE MICRORNAS ARE MEMBERS OF A LARGER FAMILY OF NON-CODING RNAS THAT PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE EPIGENETIC BASIS OF GLAUCOMA. A SYSTEMATIC STUDY AND META-ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC MICRORNAS IN GLAUCOMA, JOINTLY WITH NETWORK ANALYSIS OF TARGET GENES, WERE CARRIED OUT ON PUBLISHED PAPERS ASSESSING DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MICRORNAS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS. IN TOTAL, 321 ARTICLES WERE FOUND, AND, AFTER SCREENING, SIX STUDIES WERE ELIGIBLE FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS. 52 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MICRORNAS WERE FOUND, OF WHICH 28 AND 24 WERE UP-REGULATED AND DOWN-REGULATED, RESPECTIVELY. ONLY 12 MICRORNAS WERE QUALIFIED FOR META-ANALYSIS, WITH OVERALL SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF 80% AND 74%, RESPECTIVELY. THEN, USING NETWORK ANALYSIS, IT BECAME APPARENT THAT THE VEGF-A, AKT1, CXCL12, AND HRAS GENES WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT TARGETS FOR THE MICRORNAS. PERTURBATIONS IN WNT SIGNALING, PROTEIN TRANSPORT, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION PATHWAYS WERE DISCOVERED TO BE IMPORTANT IN THE ETIOLOGY OF GLAUCOMA USING THE COMMUNITY DETECTION APPROACH. THIS STUDY TRIES TO UNCOVER THE PROMISING MICRORNAS AND THEIR TARGET GENES THAT GOVERN THE EPIGENETICS OF GLAUCOMA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  4913  28 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14  3196  23 HDAC INHIBITORS RESTORE C-FIBRE SENSITIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: HYPOESTHESIA IS A CLINICAL FEATURE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE FEATURE IS PARTLY EXPLAINED BY THE EVIDENCE OF EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF NAV 1.8 SODIUM CHANNEL IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBILITY OF TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA), VALPROIC ACID (VPA) AND SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) TO REVERSE THE UNIQUE C-FIBRE SENSITIVITY OBSERVED FOLLOWING PARTIAL LIGATION OF SCIATIC NERVE IN MICE. KEY RESULTS: NERVE INJURY-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF DRG NAV 1.8 SODIUM CHANNEL AND C-FIBRE-RELATED HYPOESTHESIA WERE REVERSED BY TSA, VPA AND SAHA TREATMENTS, WHICH INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC), AND INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION AT THE REGULATORY SEQUENCE OF NAV 1.8. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE STUDIES PROVIDE THE EVIDENCE THAT HYPOESTHESIA AND UNDERLYING DOWN-REGULATION OF NAV 1.8, NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OBSERVED IN NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODELS ARE REGULATED BY AN EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN REMODELLING THROUGH HDAC-RELATED MACHINERIES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  3832  24 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  2365  26 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING IN INCISIONAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. BACKGROUND: THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAYS CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PAIN SENSITIZATION. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS A KEY EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE EXPRESSION. CHEMOKINE CC MOTIF RECEPTOR 2 (CXCR2) IS A PROINFLAMMATORY RECEPTOR IMPLICATED IN NEUROPATHIC AND INFLAMMATORY PAIN AND IS KNOWN TO BE REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SOME SETTINGS. THE AUTHORS SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ON SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING AFTER INCISION. METHODS: GROUPS OF 5-8 MICE UNDERWENT HIND PAW INCISION. SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID AND ANACARDIC ACID WERE USED TO INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE AND HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, RESPECTIVELY. BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SENSITIZATION AS WELL AS HYPERALGESIC PRIMING WERE USED. BOTH MESSAGE RNA QUANTIFICATION AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS WERE USED TO STUDY THE REGULATION OF CXCR2 AND LIGAND EXPRESSION. FINALLY, THE SELECTIVE CXCR2 ANTAGONIST SB225002 WAS ADMINISTERED INTRATHECALLY TO REVEAL THE FUNCTION OF SPINAL CXCR2 RECEPTORS AFTER HIND PAW INCISION. RESULTS: SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID SIGNIFICANTLY EXACERBATED MECHANICAL SENSITIZATION AFTER INCISION. CONVERSELY, ANACARDIC ACID REDUCED INCISIONAL SENSITIZATION AND ALSO ATTENUATED INCISION-INDUCED HYPERALGESIC PRIMING. OVERALL, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 9 WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL CORD TISSUES AFTER INCISION, AND ENHANCED ASSOCIATION OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 9 WITH THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF CXCR2 AND KERATINOCYTE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (CXCL1) WAS OBSERVED AS WELL. BLOCKING CXCR2 REVERSED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY AFTER HIND PAW INCISION. CONCLUSIONS: HISTONE MODIFICATION IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REGULATING INCISION-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION. THE SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING PATHWAY IS ONE EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED PATHWAY CONTROLLING EARLY AND LATENT SENSITIZATION AFTER INCISION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  1430  31 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF SOX11 AND BDNF MRNA ISOFORMS IN THE INJURED AND REGENERATING NERVOUS SYSTEMS. IN BOTH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) AND THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS), AXONAL INJURY INDUCES CHANGES IN NEURONAL GENE EXPRESSION. IN THE PNS, A RELATIVELY WELL-CHARACTERIZED ALTERATION IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION IS KNOWN TO PROMOTE AXONAL REGENERATION. THIS TRANSCRIPTIONAL CASCADE INCLUDES THE NEUROTROPHIN BDNF AND THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX11. ALTHOUGH BOTH MOLECULES ACT TO FACILITATE SUCCESSFUL AXON REGENERATION IN THE PNS, THIS PROCESS DOES NOT OCCUR IN THE CNS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINES THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF SOX11 AND BDNF MRNA ISOFORMS IN THE PNS AND CNS USING THREE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGMS AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS: (I) THE ACUTELY INJURED CNS (RETINA AFTER OPTIC NERVE CRUSH) AND PNS (DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AFTER SCIATIC NERVE CRUSH), (II) A CNS REGENERATION MODEL (RETINA AFTER OPTIC NERVE CRUSH AND INDUCED REGENERATION); AND (III) THE RETINA DURING A CHRONIC FORM OF CENTRAL NEURODEGENERATION (THE DBA/2J GLAUCOMA MODEL). WE FIND AN INITIAL INCREASE OF SOX11 IN BOTH PNS AND CNS AFTER INJURY; HOWEVER, THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF ISOFORMS IS HIGHER IN THE PNS RELATIVE TO THE CNS. SUSTAINED UPREGULATION OF SOX11 IS SEEN IN THE INJURED RETINA FOLLOWING REGENERATION TREATMENT, WHILE THE EXPRESSION OF TWO BDNF MRNA ISOFORMS IS SUPPRESSED. FURTHERMORE, TWO ISOFORMS OF SOX11 WITH DIFFERENT 3'UTR LENGTHS ARE PRESENT IN THE RETINA, AND THE LONG ISOFORM IS SPECIFICALLY UPREGULATED IN LATER STAGES OF GLAUCOMA. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR CASCADES ACTIVE DURING AXONAL INJURY AND REGENERATION IN MAMMALIAN NEURONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18  1120  29 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS IN ATTENUATING INFLAMMATORY PAIN IN RATS. HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACIS), WHICH INTERFERE WITH THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, HAVE SHOWN ANALGESIC EFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS OF PERSISTENT PAIN. THE HDAC FAMILY COMPRISES 18 GENES; HOWEVER, THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF DISTINCT CLASSES OF HDACIS ON PAIN RELIEF REMAIN UNCLEAR. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EFFICACY OF THESE HDACIS ON ATTENUATING THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN. PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN WAS INDUCED BY INJECTING COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) INTO THE LEFT HIND PAW OF RATS. THEN, HDACIS TARGETING CLASS I (ENTINOSTAT (MS-275)) AND CLASS IIA (SODIUM BUTYRATE, VALPROIC ACID (VPA), AND 4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID (4-PBA)), OR CLASS II (SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDOXAMIC ACID (SAHA), TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA), AND DACINOSTAT (LAQ824)) WERE ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY ONCE DAILY FOR 3 OR 4 DAYS. WE FOUND THAT THE INJECTION OF SAHA ONCE A DAY FOR 3 DAYS SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CFA-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA FROM DAY 4 AND LASTED 7 DAYS. IN COMPARISON WITH SAHA, SUPPRESSION OF HYPERALGESIA BY 4-PBA PEAKED ON DAY 2, WHEREAS THAT BY MS-275 OCCURRED ON DAYS 5 AND 6. FATIGUE WAS A SERIOUS SIDE EFFECT SEEN WITH MS-275. THESE FINDINGS WILL BE BENEFICIAL FOR OPTIMIZING THE SELECTION OF SPECIFIC HDACIS IN MEDICAL FIELDS SUCH AS PAIN MEDICINE AND NEUROPSYCHIATRY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  2751  29 EXPRESSION OF ACETYL-HISTONE H3 AND ACETYL-HISTONE H4 IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AND SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN RAT CHRONIC PAIN MODELS. AIMS: HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DEACETYLATION ARE TWO HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS THAT ARE USUALLY CONTROLLED BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). ALTHOUGH HATS OR HDACS INHIBITORS COULD RELIEVE PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITIES IN CHRONIC PAIN ANIMAL MODELS, IT IS NOT CLEAR ON THE EXPRESSION OF GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) OR SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. MAIN METHODS: A SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL)-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL AND A COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA)-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL IN RATS WERE USED TO EXAMINE THE EXPRESSION OF TOTAL ACETYL-HISTONE H3 (ACH3) AND TOTAL ACETYL-HISTONE H4 (ACH4) BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OR WESTERN BLOT. KEY FINDINGS: ACH3 AND ACH4 NOT ONLY LOCALIZED IN NEURONAL NUCLEI, BUT ALSO IN NUCLEI OF GLIAL CELLS IN THE DRG. UNILATERAL SNL INDUCED THE INCREASE OF ACH3 AND ACH4 EXPRESSION IN THE INJURED LUMBAR 5 (L5) DRG, BUT NOT IN THE UNINJURED L5 DRG OR THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, WHILE UNILATERAL INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA INCREASED ACH3 AND ACH4 EXPRESSION IN THE IPSILATERAL L4/5 SPINAL DORSAL HORN, BUT NOT IN THE L4/5 DRG. SIGNIFICANCE: THESE RESULTS PROVIDE MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION EXPRESSION IN THE DRG AND SPINAL CORD AND INDICATE THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE DRG AND SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC PAIN MODELS. MORE PRECISE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ON THE TARGET GENES NEED TO BE REVEALED.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20  5402  30 REDUCTION OF SIRT1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF NAV1.7 CONTRIBUTES TO OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: CLINICALLY, NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS A SEVERE SIDE EFFECT OF OXALIPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY, WHICH USUALLY LEADS TO DOSE REDUCTION OR CESSATION OF TREATMENT. DUE TO THE UNAWARENESS OF DETAILED MECHANISMS OF OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN, IT IS DIFFICULT TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE THERAPY AND LIMITS ITS CLINICAL USE. OBJECTIVES: THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ROLE OF SIRTUIN 1 (SIRT1) REDUCTION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS 1.7 (NAV1.7) IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) DURING OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. STUDY DESIGN: CONTROLLED ANIMAL STUDY. SETTING: UNIVERSITY LABORATORY. METHODS: THE VON FREY TEST WAS PERFORMED TO EVALUATE PAIN BEHAVIOR IN RATS. REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, WESTERN BLOTTING, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDING, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND SMALL INTERFERING RNA (SIRNA) WERE USED TO ILLUSTRATE THE MECHANISMS. RESULTS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT BOTH THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN RAT DRG FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT. THE ACTIVATOR OF SIRT1, RESVERATROL, NOT ONLY INCREASED THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF SIRT1, BUT ALSO ATTENUATED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, LOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 SIRNA CAUSED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN NAIVE RATS. BESIDES, OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT ENHANCED THE ACTION POTENTIAL FIRING FREQUENCY OF DRG NEURONS AND THE EXPRESSION OF NAV1.7 IN DRG AND ACTIVATION OF SIRT1 BY RESVERATROL REVERSED THIS EFFECT. FURTHERMORE, BLOCKING NAV1.7 BY PROTX II (A SELECTIVE NAV1.7 CHANNEL BLOCKER) REVERSED OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA. IN ADDITION, HISTONE H3 HYPERACETYLATION AT THE NAV1.7 PROMOTER IN DRG OF RATS FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED BY ACTIVATION OF SIRT1 WITH RESVERATROL. MOREOVER, BOTH THE EXPRESSION OF NAV1.7 AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AT THE NAV1.7 PROMOTER WERE UPREGULATED IN THE DRG BY LOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 WITH SIRT1 SIRNA IN NAIVE RATS. LIMITATIONS: MORE UNDERLYING MECHANISM(S) OF SIRT1 REDUCTION AFTER OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT NEEDS TO BE EXPLORED IN FUTURE RESEARCH. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT REDUCTION OF SIRT1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF NAV1.7 IN THE DRG CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. THE INTRATHECAL DRUG DELIVERY TREATMENT OF ACTIVATING SIRT1 MIGHT BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC OPTION FOR OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2023