1  1620 116 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA: A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY AND PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS. EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS A COMMON FEATURE IN HUMAN CANCER. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLATION ARE REVERSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT1 AND DNMT3B) REGULATE AND MAINTAIN PROMOTER METHYLATION AND ARE OVEREXPRESSED IN HUMAN CANCER. WE PERFORMED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY GENES WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION AFTER RNAI-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF DNMT IN A GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM) CELL LINE. WE THEN IDENTIFIED GENES WITH BOTH DECREASED EXPRESSION AND EVIDENCE OF PROMOTER CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES USING A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS AFTER DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WITH ANTI-5-METHYLCYTIDINE. DNMT1 AND 3B KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN THE RESTORED EXPRESSION OF 308 GENES THAT ALSO CONTAINED PROMOTER REGION HYPERMETHYLATION. OF THESE, 43 WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE DOWNREGULATED IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES. THREE DOWNREGULATED GENES WITH HYPERMETHYLATED PROMOTERS AND RESTORED EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE DNMT SUPPRESSION WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION CHANGES USING BISULFITE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CHRONIC DNMT SUPPRESSION. RESTORATION OF GENE EXPRESSION WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN PROMOTER REGION METHYLATION, BUT RATHER WITH CHANGES IN HISTONE METHYLATION AND CHROMATIN CONFORMATION. TWO OF THE IDENTIFIED GENES EXHIBITED GROWTH SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY IN IN VITRO ASSAYS. COMBINING TARGETED GENETIC MANIPULATIONS WITH COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC AND EXPRESSION ANALYSES PROVIDES A POTENTIALLY POWERFUL NEW APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED GENES IN GBM.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  1831  29 EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SEPARATION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR EXON I PROMOTER IN THE ADULT RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. AIM: EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THROUGH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND IS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTION. WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT RATS SUBJECTED TO MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) DURING EARLY LIFE AND TREATED WITH AN ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG AS ADULTS. METHODS: RAT PUPS WERE SUBJECTED TO MS FROM POSTNATAL DAY 1 TO 21 AND RECEIVED CHRONIC ESCITALOPRAM (ESC) AS ADULTS. WE ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF MS AND ESC ON BDNF EXON I AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) MRNA LEVELS (QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), ACETYLATED HISTONE H3, AND MECP2 BINDING TO THE BDNF PROMOTER I (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), AND BDNF PROTEIN LEVELS (ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY). RESULTS: THE LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION, AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA WERE ALTERED IN THE MS GROUP COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. SIGNIFICANT DECREASES WERE OBSERVED IN THE BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MS + ESC AND MS GROUPS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN MECP2 AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MS INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER AND THESE CHANGES WERE PREVENTED BY ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG TREATMENT DURING ADULTHOOD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3  5459  35 RESEARCH ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION MECHANISM OF THE PTPN6 GENE IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA. PTPN6, A TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE PROTEIN, PLAYS A NEGATIVE ROLE IN CELL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND IS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH TUMOUR FORMATION AND GROWTH. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC REGULATION MECHANISM OF THE PTPN6 GENE IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML) REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED BONE MARROW OR BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 44 CML PATIENTS AND 10 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. KCL22 AND K562 CELLS WERE CULTURED AND TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. REAL TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR, BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WAS PERFORMED. PTPN6 WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN CELL LINES AND PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED PHASE CML, WHEREAS DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 AND HDAC1 WERE UP-REGULATED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, DECITABINE, SODIUM VALPROATE AND LBH589 INCREASED PTPN6 EXPRESSION, BUT DECREASED THAT OF DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 AND HDAC1. IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND MASS SPECTROMETRY SHOWED THAT HDAC1 COMBINED DIRECTLY WITH PTPN6. CHIP-SEQ SHOWED THAT HDAC1 DID NOT COMBINE WITH THE PROMOTER REGION OF PTPN6, WHILE MAPK, AKT, STAT5, JAK2 AND MYC PROMOTER REGIONS ALL COMBINED WITH HDAC1. PTPN6 IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSION OF CML. LOW EXPRESSION LEVEL OF PTPN6 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION AND REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION. HDAC1 PARTICIPATES IN THE REGULATION OF PTPN6.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4  2750  32 EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE GENE AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND ITS PROMOTER IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE STRUCTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ADDICTION. WE STUDIED WHETHER MORPHINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN MRNA LEVELS OF THE CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS ENZYME, TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE (TH), ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND THE PROMOTER OF THIS GENE IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) OF RATS. METHODS: DEPENDENCE WAS INDUCED IN RATS BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF MORPHINE FOR 11 DAYS. THE ANIMALS WERE KILLED 2 H (CHRONIC MORPHINE), 24 H AND 7 DAYS (SPONTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL) AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF OUR REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR RESULTS BY 1-WAY ANOVA SHOWED SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION (5.13 +/- 0.39 FOLDS) OF LC LEVELS OF THE TH TRANSCRIPT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE TO RATS, WHEN COMPARED WITH 2 H AND 7 DAYS TIME POINTS. CHRONIC MORPHINE AND MORPHINE ABSTINENCE FAILED TO CAUSE ANY SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF TH MRNA IN THE VTA AFTER CESSATION OF MORPHINE. CONSISTENTLY, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR ASSAYS REVEALED THAT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE, LEVELS OF H3 ACETYLATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED (4.12 +/- 0.38 FOLDS) AT THE PROMOTER OF THE TH GENE IN THE LC BUT NOT IN THE VTA. OUR DATA ALSO SHOWED THAT HISTONE H3 TRIMETHYLATION FAILED TO CHANGE AROUND THE TH GENE PROMOTER EITHER IN THE VTA OR IN THE LC AFTER MORPHINE ABSTINENCE. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, DEMONSTRATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF TH GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LC OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5  5976  30 TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) MEDIATES THE CONVERSION OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5 MC) TO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5 HMC), HENCE PROMOTING DNA DEMETHYLATION. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE LINKED THE DNA DEMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, THE ROLE OF SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DNA DEMETHYLATION IN NOCICEPTION HYPERSENSITIVITY DEVELOPMENT REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE, WE REPORT CORRELATED WITH BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) UPREGULATED TET1 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THAT HYDROXYLATE 5 MC TO 5 HMC AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER TO PROMOTE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION. FOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL TET1 EXPRESSION DECREASED TET1 BINDING AND 5 HMC ENRICHMENT, FURTHER INCREASED 5 MC ENRICHMENT AT CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER AND DECREASED SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY THE ALLEVIATION OF THE DEVELOPED ALLODYNIA. MOREOVER, AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION ALSO INHIBITED THE BINDING OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS, I.E., DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B) TO THE BDNF PROMOTER, A REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING BY CATALYSING 5-CYTOSINE (5C) TO 5 MC. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST AT CPG SITES OF THE BDNF PROMOTER, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION PROMOTES DNA DEMETHYLATION BOTH BY CONVERTING 5 MC TO 5 HMC AND INHIBITING DNMT BINDING TO REGULATE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION, HENCE CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA DEVELOPMENT.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  1320  30 DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS IS IMPLICATED IN OPIOID-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RATS. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE MAY RESULT IN OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (OIH), WHICH INVOLVES ALTERED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS GENES, INCLUDING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS. YET, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW BDNF EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF CERTAIN BDNF GENE PROMOTERS IN DRG NEURONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH. REAL-TIME RT-PCR WAS USED TO ASSESS CHANGES IN THE MRNA TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF MAJOR BDNF EXONS INCLUDING EXON I, II, IV, VI, AS WELL AS TOTAL BDNF MRNA IN DRGS FROM RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION. THE LEVELS OF EXON IV AND TOTAL BDNF MRNA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED BY REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, AS COMPARED TO THAT IN SALINE CONTROL GROUP. FURTHER, ELISA ARRAY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY REVEALED A ROBUST UPREGULATION OF BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. CORRESPONDINGLY, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF BDNF EXON IV PROMOTER SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION BY MORPHINE TREATMENT. IMPORTANTLY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF A BDNF ANTIBODY, BUT NOT CONTROL IGG, SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT DEVELOPED IN RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. CONVERSELY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF DNA METHYLATION, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA-DC) MARKEDLY UPREGULATED THE BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AND ENHANCED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE PROMOTER MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  3459  28 HYPOMETHYLATION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) PROMOTES BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA AND CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PAIN USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN REMAINS UNCLEAR. METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA), EXPLORED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG ISLANDS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE NGF GENE, AND CLARIFIED THE FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF C/EBPALPHA-NGF SIGNALING PATHWAY FROM EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL. RESULTS: CFA INDUCED SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA AND CONTINUOUS UPREGULATION OF NGF MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE L4-6 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIONS (DRGS) IN RATS. HYPOMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS OCCURRED IN THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CFA TREATMENT. AT THE SAME TIME, THE MIR-29B EXPRESSION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) LEVEL REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY. MOREOVER, CFA TREATMENT PROMOTED BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA TO THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AND C/EBPALPHA SIRNA TREATMENT OBVIOUSLY DECREASED EXPRESSION OF NGF LEVELS AND ALSO ALLEVIATE INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA SIGNIFICANTLY IN RATS. CONCLUSION: COLLECTIVELY, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT CFA LEADS TO THE UPREGULATION OF MIR-29B LEVEL, WHICH REPRESSES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, ENHANCES THE DEMETHYLATION OF THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION, AND PROMOTES THE BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA WITH THE NGF GENE PROMOTER, THUS RESULTS IN THE UPREGULATION OF NGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  5823  36 STRESS INCREASES DNA METHYLATION OF THE NEURONAL PAS DOMAIN 4 (NPAS4) GENE. NEURONAL PER ARNT SIM DOMAIN 4 (NPAS4), A BRAIN-SPECIFIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, WAS RECENTLY SHOWN TO REGULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF GABAERGIC INHIBITORY NEURONS. NPAS4 MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE DECREASED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF MICE EXPOSED TO STRESS, WHICH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY BRAIN DYSFUNCTION. WE HAVE SUGGESTED THAT TRANSIENT STRESS REDUCED NPAS4 TRANSCRIPTION THROUGH THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR. IN THE PRESENT REPORT, WE INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY STRESS ON NPAS4 GENE EXPRESSION. THE NPAS4 PROMOTER REGION CONTAINS TWO CPG ISLANDS; IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS INCREASES THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BOTH OF THESE CPG ISLANDS. IN THE NEURO2A CELL LINE, TREATMENT WITH A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE, INCREASED NPAS4 MRNA LEVELS AND MARKEDLY REDUCED THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF CPG ISLAND 2 IN THE NPAS4 PROMOTER. THE DNA METHYLATION SITES IN CPG ISLAND 2 OVERLAP WITH TWO CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE RESPONSE ELEMENT (CRE) SEQUENCES. MUTATION OF THESE CRE SEQUENCES REDUCED NPAS4 PROMOTER ACTIVITY. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT TRANSCRIPTION OF THE NPAS4 GENE IS DOWNREGULATED BY STRESS THROUGH DNA METHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  3531  33 IMATINIB CAUSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF PTEN GENE VIA UPREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS. WE HAVE RECENTLY REPORTED THE POSSIBLE IMATINIB-RESISTANT MECHANISM; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF LEUKEMIA CELLS TO IMATINIB DOWNREGULATED LEVELS OF PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG DELETED ON CHROMOSOME 10 (PTEN) VIA HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER REGION (LEUKEMIA 2010; 24: 1631). THE PRESENT STUDY EXPLORED THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH IMATINIB CAUSED METHYLATION ON THE PROMOTER REGION OF THIS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN LEUKEMIA CELLS. REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR FOUND THAT LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA EOL-1 CELLS EXPRESSING FIP1L1/PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-ALPHA TO IMATINIB INDUCED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A (DNMT3A) AND HISTONE-METHYLTRANSFERASE ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2), A FAMILY OF POLYCOMB GROUP, THEREBY INCREASING METHYLATION OF THE GENE. IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY FOUND THE INCREASED COMPLEX FORMATION OF DNMT3A AND EZH2 PROTEINS IN THESE CELLS. MOREOVER, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY SHOWED THAT AMOUNTS OF BOTH DNMT3A AND EZH2 PROTEINS BOUND AROUND THE PROMOTER REGION OF PTEN GENE WERE INCREASED IN EOL-1 CELLS AFTER EXPOSURE TO IMATINIB. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND EZH2 WERE STRIKINGLY INCREASED IN LEUKEMIA CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (N=1) AND PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME-POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (N=2), WHO RELAPSED AFTER TREATMENT WITH IMATINIB COMPARED WITH THOSE ISOLATED AT THEIR INITIAL PRESENTATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, IMATINIB COULD CAUSE DRUG-RESISTANCE VIA RECRUITMENT OF POLYCOMB GENE COMPLEX TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE PTEN AND DOWNREGULATION OF THIS GENE'S TRANSCRIPTS IN LEUKEMIA PATIENTS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  2300  28 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11  4581  22 N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE 2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE (NR2B) PROMOTER METHYLATION IN PATIENTS DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. NMDA RECEPTORS AND ESPECIALLY THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. THEREFORE, THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS OF 32 MALE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY WERE ASSESSED THROUGH QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR AND TO EXPLORE REGULATING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, A METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF A FRAGMENT OF THE NR2B PROMOTER REGION. THE EXPRESSION OF THE NR2B RECEPTOR INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE FIRST 24 H OF WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT (DAY 1; T = 4.1, P = 0.001), AND ALSO ON AND DAY 3 (T = 2.4; P = 0.029). THE SEVERITY OF ALCOHOL DRINKING PATTERN, MEASURED BY LIFETIME DRINKING AND DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE, WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE METHYLATION OF A DEFINED CLUSTER OF FIVE CPG-SITES WITHIN THE NR2B PROMOTER (LIFETIME DRINKING: SPEARMAN'S RHO = -0.55; P = 0.013; DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE: RHO = -0.46; P = 0.043). THESE FINDINGS MIGHT EXPLAIN THE OBSERVATION OF AN IMPACT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ON THE GRAVITY OF WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12  6019  26 THE ASSOCIATION OF HTR3A MRNA EXPRESSION AND CRAVING IN HAN CHINESE ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (5-HT) 3 RECEPTOR PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CRAVING OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. RECENT EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAUSES CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES BEHAVIORAL CHANGES. HOWEVER, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION OF 5-HT3 RECEPTOR AND CRAVING IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OBJECTIVES: THE AIM OF THIS PRELIMINARY STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE 5-HT3 RECEPTOR AND CRAVING IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 50 MALE HAN CHINESE ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS AND 46 MALE HAN CHINESE HEALTHY CONTROLS. WE INVESTIGATED THE CHANGES OF HTR3A MRNA, WHICH ENCODES THE 5-HT3 RECEPTOR A SUBUNIT, AND H3K9 ACETYLATION IN HTR3A PROMOTER REGION. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DRINKING SCALE (OCDS) WAS USED TO ASSESS THE CRAVING OF ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS RELATIVE TO CONTROLS. RESULTS: HTR3A MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS AND ACETYLATION LEVELS OF H3K9 IN THE HTR3A PROMOTER REGION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS. HTR3A MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH OCDS SCORES. MOREOVER, HTR3A MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH ACETYLATION LEVELS OF H3K9 IN HTR3A PROMOTER REGION. CONCLUSION: THE CURRENT FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT HTR3A MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH CRAVING IN HAN CHINESE ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS. THE REGULATION OF H3K9 HISTONE ACETYLATION IN HTR3A PROMOTER REGION MAY OFFER A TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  1631  36 DNMT3A METHYLATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MEDIATING ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF OPIOIDS AND IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOLOGIES OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY DOWNREGULATES MOR EXPRESSION, BUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REMAIN UNKNOWN. OBJECTIVE: THEREFORE, WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE3A (DNMT3A) EXPRESSION OR METHYLATION CHANGES WITHIN MOR PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD IN A NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MOUSE MODEL AND FURTHER DETERMINED WHETHER THESE INJURY-ASSOCIATED CHANGES ARE REVERSIBLE BY PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS. METHODS: A CCI MOUSE MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED AND TISSUE SPECIMENS OF LUMBAR SPINAL CORDS WERE COLLECTED. THE NOCICEPTION THRESHOLD WAS EVALUATED BY A MODEL HEATED 400 BASE. DNMT3A AND MOR MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL WERE DETECTED BY REAL-TIME-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOT, RESPECTIVELY. METHYLATION OF DNMT3A GENE WAS MEASURED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. RESULTS: OUR DATA SHOWED THAT CHRONIC NERVE INJURY LED TO A SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION OF DNMT3A EXPRESSION THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED METHYLATION OF MOR GENE PROMOTER AND DECREASED MOR PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD. INHIBITION OF DNMT3A CATALYTIC ACTIVITY WITH DNMT INHIBITOR RG108 SIGNIFICANTLY BLOCKED THE INCREASE IN METHYLATION OF THE MOR PROMOTER, AND THEN UPREGULATED MOR EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MICE. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT AN INCREASE OF DNMT3A EXPRESSION AND MOR METHYLATION EPIGENETICALLY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. TARGETING DNMT3A TO THE PROMOTER OF MOR GENE BY DNMT INHIBITOR MAY BE A PROMISING APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW NEUROPATHIC PAIN THERAPY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  3461  28 HYPOMETHYLATION-MEDIATED H19 OVEREXPRESSION INCREASES THE RISK OF DISEASE EVOLUTION THROUGH THE ASSOCIATION WITH BCR-ABL TRANSCRIPT IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PREVIOUS STUDY HAS REVEALED THAT H19 EXPRESSION IS REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT TUMOR GROWTH INDUCED BY BCR-ABL IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). HEREIN, WE FURTHER DETERMINED H19 EXPRESSION AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATION IN PATIENTS WITH CML. H19 EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION WERE DETECTED BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR, AND THEN CLINICAL IMPLICATION OF H19 EXPRESSION WAS FURTHER ANALYZED. H19 EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED IN CML PATIENTS (P < 0.001). H19 EXPRESSION WITH AN AREA UNDER RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE VALUE OF 0.824 MIGHT SERVE AS A PROMISING BIOMARKER IN DISTINGUISHING CML PATIENTS FROM CONTROLS. THE PATIENTS WITH HIGH H19 EXPRESSION HAD A TENDENCY OF HIGHER WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND BCR-ABL TRANSCRIPT THAN THOSE WITH LOW H19 EXPRESSION. H19 OVEREXPRESSION OCCURRED WITH THE HIGHER FREQUENCY IN BLAST CRISIS STAGE (11/11, 100%), LOWER IN ACCELERATED PHASE (3/5, 60%), AND CHRONIC PHASE (42/62, 66%) STAGES. MOREOVER, PAIRED PATIENTS DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION WITH INCREASED BCR-ABL TRANSCRIPT ALSO SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION OF H19 EXPRESSION. MEANWHILE, H19 EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN FOLLOW-UP PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVED COMPLETE MOLECULAR REMISSION AFTER TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS-BASED THERAPY. EPIGENETIC STUDIES SHOWED THAT H19 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION/IMPRINTING CONTROL REGION (DMR/ICR) WAS HYPOMETHYLATED AND ASSOCIATED WITH H19 EXPRESSION IN CML PATIENTS. MOREOVER, DEMETHYLATION OF H19 DMR/ICR REACTIVATED H19 EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS. COLLECTIVELY, H19 OVEREXPRESSION, A FREQUENT EVENT IN CML, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER BCR-ABL TRANSCRIPT INVOLVING IN DISEASE PROGRESSION. MOREOVER, H19 DMR/ICR HYPOMETHYLATION IN CML MAY BE ONE OF THE MECHANISMS MEDIATING H19 OVEREXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  1613  30 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 MEDIATED ABERRANT METHYLATION AND SILENCING OF SHP-1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA CELLS. INTRODUCTION: EXTENSIVE STUDIES ON SHP-1 PROTEIN AND SHP-1 MRNA REVEALED THAT THE DIMINISHMENT OR ABOLISHMENT OF THE EXPRESSION OF SHP-1 IN LEUKEMIAS/LYMPHOMAS WAS DUE TO ABERRANT PROMOTER METHYLATION. THUS FAR, THE MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE SHP-1 TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE GENE THAT OCCURS IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA CELLS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: THE EXPRESSIONS OF THE TARGET MOLECULES WERE DETERMINED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR AND WESTERN BLOT, RESPECTIVELY. BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR WAS USED TO DETECT METHYLATION STATUS OF DNA CPG. THE LENTIVIRAL VECTORS WERE APPLIED TO MODIFY GENE EXPRESSION. RESULTS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT THE PROMOTER 2 OF SHP-1 GENE IS LOCATED BETWEEN POSITIONS FROM -577BP TO +300BP, AND 22 CPG SITES CONTAINED IN POSITIONS -353BP APPROXIMATELY +182BP ARE ABERRANTLY METHYLATED IN K562 CELLS. IN VITRO, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT DNMT1 SILENCING INDUCED DEMETHYLATION OF THE 22 CPG SITES LOCATED IN THE SHP-1 PROMOTER AND RE-EXPRESSION OF SHP-1 GENE IN K562 CELLS. MOREOVER, WE PROVED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DNMT1 AND SHP-1 MRNA AND PROTEIN WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED IN K562 CELLS AND BM ASPIRATES MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM CML PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT DNMT1 MEDIATES ABERRANT METHYLATION AND SILENCING OF SHP-1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA CELLS, AND PROVIDE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CML.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  6660  39 UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 THROUGH PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. AIM AND METHODS: CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION IS A COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEM, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS YET ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN RATS. RESULTS: INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA COULD NOT ONLY INDUCE SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA IN RATS, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF CXCR4 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCR4 ANTAGONIST AMD3100 SIGNIFICANTLY RELIEVED HYPERALGESIA IN INFLAMMATORY RATS IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR DEMONSTRATE THAT CFA INJECTION LED TO A SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLAND AT CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. CONSISTENTLY, THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED AFTER CFA INJECTION. ONLINE SOFTWARE PREDICTION REVEALS THREE BINDING SITES OF P65 IN THE CPG ISLAND OF CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER, WHICH HAS CONFIRMED BY THE CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY, CFA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. INHIBITION OF NF-KB SIGNALING USING P65 INHIBITOR PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE INCREASES OF THE CXCR4 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 EXPRESSION DUE TO PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO PROMOTER OF CXCR4 GENE CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN FROM AN EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  6589  31 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION IN JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: OVER-EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) PLAYS A PATHOLOGICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (CP) AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), WHICH MIGHT BE REGULATED BY THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE WHETHER THERE IS A UNIQUE METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CP AND RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS CONSISTED OF 30 JAPANESE ADULTS WITH RA (RA GROUP), 30 RACE-MATCHED ADULTS WITH CP ONLY (CP GROUP) AND 30 RACE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (H GROUP). GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD WAS MODIFIED BY SODIUM BISULFITE AND ANALYZED, BY DIRECT SEQUENCING, TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER REGION. THE LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS STIMULATED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE WAS DETERMINED USING ELISA. RESULTS: TWELVE CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) MOTIFS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE TNF-ALPHA PROMOTER FRAGMENT FROM -343 TO +57 BP. THE CP GROUP SHOWED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATE AND FREQUENCY AT -72 BP THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01). THE RA GROUP EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATES AT SEVEN CPG MOTIFS (-302, -163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION FREQUENCIES AT SIX CPG MOTIFS (-163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01 FOR ALL COMPARISONS). THE LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT METHYLATION AT -163 BP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HYPERMETHYLATED STATUS OF CPG MOTIFS IN THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS MAY BE UNIQUE TO JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CP AND RA.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18   479  46 ARSENIC TRIOXIDE INHIBITS DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND RESTORES TMS1 GENE EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS. BACKGROUND: GENE SILENCING ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGION CPG ISLANDS IS AN ACQUIRED EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THAT SERVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GENETIC DEFECTS IN THE INACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN HUMAN CANCERS. THE DEMETHYLATING, DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (AS2O3) ON SEVERAL TUMOR-RELATED GENES HAS ALREADY BEEN POSTULATED. HOWEVER, WHETHER SUCH A DEMETHYLATING EFFECT ALSO APPLIES TO THE TMS1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINE K562 CELLS HAS NOT BEEN STUDIED SO FAR. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO DETECT THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE TMS1 GENE IN K562 CELLS AND THE DEMETHYLATION EFFECT OF AS2O3 ON TMS1 AS WELL AS TMS1 APOPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN BCL-2/BAX AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) EXPRESSION. METHODS: TMS1 MRNA EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS AND NORMAL BONE MARROW WAS DETERMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION (RT) POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), AND THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF THE TMS1 PROMOTER IN K562 CELLS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF AS2O3 FOR 48 H WAS DETERMINED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT WERE USED TO DETECT TMS1 AND DNMT EXPRESSION. WE ALSO ASSESSED TMS1-ASSOCIATED APOPTOSIS PROTEIN BCL-2/BAX EXPRESSION BY WESTERN BLOT AND APOPTOSIS RATES BY FLOW CYTOMETRY USING ANNEXIN V/PROPIDIUM IODIDE DOUBLE STAINING. RESULTS: IN K562 CELLS, TMS1 WAS COMPLETELY METHYLATED AND BOTH TMS1 MRNA AND PROTEIN SHOWED A LOW EXPRESSION, BUT 2 MUMOL/L AS2O3 COULD SIGNIFICANTLY RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF THE TMS1 GENE BOTH AT MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL (P < 0.01) BY FULLY REVERSING DNA METHYLATION. AS2O3 DECREASED MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 (P < 0.05) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. FLOW CYTOMETRY SHOWED THAT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (2 MUMOL/L AS2O3), CELL APOPTOSIS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP (NO AS2O3; P < 0.05). IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, WESTERN BLOT SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION OF THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BCL-2 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED; HOWEVER, THE PROAPOPTOTIC PROTEIN BAX WAS MARKEDLY INCREASED AND THE BCL-2/BAX RATIO WAS MARKEDLY REDUCED (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AS2O3 COULD RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF TMS1 BY INHIBITING DNMT TO REVERSE THE HYPERMETHYLATION AND INDUCED APOPTOSIS OF K562 CELLS BY DOWNREGULATION OF BCL-2/BAX EXPRESSION.	2015	

19  1809  28 EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS RATS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS HAVE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON HISTONE MODIFICATION REMAIN UNCLEAR. THEREFORE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE BDNF GENE IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (6 H/D FOR 21 D) AND THEN WERE ADMINISTERED WITH EITHER OLANZAPINE (2 MG/KG) OR HALOPERIDOL (1 MG/KG). THE LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AND MECP2 BINDING AT BDNF PROMOTER IV WERE ASSESSED WITH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. THE MRNA LEVELS OF TOTAL BDNF WITH EXON IV, HDAC5, DNMT1, AND DNMT3A WERE ASSESSED WITH A QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR PROCEDURE. CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS RESULTED IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF TOTAL AND EXON IV BDNF MRNA LEVELS AND A DECREASE IN HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AND AN INCREASE IN MECP2 BINDING AT BDNF PROMOTER IV. FURTHERMORE, THERE WERE ROBUST INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND DNMTS. OLANZAPINE ADMINISTRATION LARGELY PREVENTED THESE CHANGES. THE ADMINISTRATION OF HALOPERIDOL HAD NO EFFECT. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG OLANZAPINE INDUCED HISTONE MODIFICATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND THAT THESE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS MAY REPRESENT ONE OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE ACTIONS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20  3082  36 GENOME-WIDE REDISTRIBUTION OF MECP2 IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. BACKGROUND: METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2), A PROTEIN WITH AFFINITY FOR METHYLATED CYTOSINES, IS CRUCIAL FOR NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. MECP2 REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH ACTIVATION, REPRESSION AND CHROMATIN REMODELING. MUTATIONS IN MECP2 CAUSE RETT SYNDROME, AND THESE PATIENTS DISPLAY IMPAIRED NOCICEPTION. WE OBSERVED AN INCREASE IN MECP2 EXPRESSION IN MOUSE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. THE FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATION OF INCREASED MECP2 IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. TO IDENTIFY REGIONS OF THE GENOME BOUND BY MECP2 IN THE DRG AND THE CHANGES INDUCED BY NERVE INJURY, A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION OF MECP2 FOLLOWED BY SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) WAS PERFORMED 4 WEEKS AFTER SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI). RESULTS: WHILE THE NUMBER OF BINDING SITES ACROSS THE GENOME REMAINED SIMILAR IN THE SNI MODEL AND SHAM CONTROL, SNI INDUCED THE REDISTRIBUTION OF MECP2 TO TRANSCRIPTIONALLY RELEVANT REGIONS. TO DETERMINE HOW DIFFERENTIAL BINDING OF MECP2 CAN AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DRG, WE INVESTIGATED MMU-MIR-126, A MICRORNA LOCUS THAT HAD ENRICHED MECP2 BINDING IN THE SNI MODEL. ENRICHED MECP2 BINDING TO MIR-126 LOCUS AFTER NERVE INJURY REPRESSED MIR-126 EXPRESSION, AND THIS WAS NOT MEDIATED BY ALTERATIONS IN METHYLATION PATTERN AT THE MIR-126 LOCUS. DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-126 RESULTED IN THE UPREGULATION OF ITS TWO TARGET GENES DNMT1 AND VEGFA IN NEURO 2A CELLS AND IN SNI MODEL COMPARED TO CONTROL. THESE TARGET GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN MECP2-NULL MICE COMPARED TO WILD-TYPE LITTERMATES, INDICATING A REGULATORY ROLE FOR MECP2 IN ACTIVATING DNMT1 AND VEGFA EXPRESSION. INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF MIR-126 WAS NOT SUFFICIENT TO REVERSE NERVE INJURY-INDUCED MECHANICAL AND THERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, BUT DECREASED DNMT1 AND VEGFA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SHOWS A REGULATORY ROLE FOR MECP2 IN THAT CHANGES IN GLOBAL REDISTRIBUTION CAN RESULT IN DIRECT AND INDIRECT MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DRG. ALTERATIONS IN GENOME-WIDE BINDING OF MECP2 THEREFORE PROVIDE A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION-INDUCED MOLECULAR CHANGES UNDERLYING NERVE INJURY.	2016