1  5236 177 PROFILING NON-CODING RNA LEVELS WITH CLINICAL CLASSIFIERS IN PEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) IS A HERITABLE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER. NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, BUT CAN ALSO DIRECTLY AFFECT PROTEIN FUNCTION, THUS HAVING A SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNA) AT DIAGNOSIS ARE DYSREGULATED DURING CD AT DIFFERENT CD LOCATIONS AND FUTURE DISEASE BEHAVIORS TO DETERMINE IF NCRNA SIGNATURES CAN SERVE AS AN INDEX TO OUTCOMES. METHODS: USING SUBJECTS BELONGING TO THE RISK COHORT, WE ANALYZED NCRNA FROM THE ILEAL BIOPSIES OF 345 CD AND 71 NON-IBD CONTROLS, AND NCRNA FROM RECTAL BIOPSIES OF 329 CD AND 61 NON-IBD CONTROLS. SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT WAS DONE (STAR PACKAGE) USING HUMAN GENOME VERSION 38 (HG38) AS REFERENCE PANEL. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION (DE) ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED WITH EDGER PACKAGE AND DE NCRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH A THRESHOLD OF FOLD CHANGE (FC) > 2 AND FDR < 0.05 AFTER MULTIPLE TEST CORRECTIONS. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, WE IDENTIFIED 130 CD SPECIFIC DE NCRNAS (89 IN ILEUM AND 41 IN RECTUM) WHEN COMPARED TO NON-IBD CONTROLS. SIMILARLY, 35 DE NCRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN B1 AND B2 IN ILEUM, WHEREAS NO DIFFERENCES AMONG CD DISEASE BEHAVIORS WERE NOTICED IN RECTUM. WE ALSO FOUND INFLAMMATION SPECIFIC NCRNAS BETWEEN INFLAMED AND NON-INFLAMED GROUPS IN ILEAL BIOPSIES. OVERALL, WE OBSERVED THAT EXPRESSION OF MIR1244-2, MIR1244-3, MIR1244-4, AND RN7SL2 WERE INCREASED DURING CD, REGARDLESS OF DISEASE BEHAVIOR, LOCATION, OR INFLAMMATORY STATUS. LASTLY, WE TESTED NCRNA EXPRESSION AT BASELINE AS POTENTIAL TOOL TO PREDICT THE DISEASE STATUS, DISEASE BEHAVIORS AND DISEASE INFLAMMATION AT 3-YEAR FOLLOW UP. CONCLUSIONS: WE HAVE IDENTIFIED NCRNAS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO DISEASE LOCATION, DISEASE BEHAVIOR, AND DISEASE INFLAMMATION IN CD. BOTH ILEAL AND RECTAL SPECIFIC NCRNA ARE CHANGING OVER THE COURSE OF CD, SPECIFICALLY DURING THE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA. COLLECTIVELY, OUR FINDINGS SHOW CHANGES IN NCRNA DURING CD AND MAY HAVE A CLINICAL UTILITY IN EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DISEASE PROGRESSION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  4293  38 MICRORNA PROFILING IN MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER MODEL REVEALS EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS DURING CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENETIC DELETION OF THE MUC2 GENE CAUSES COLORECTAL CANCERS IN MICE. THE CURRENT STUDY FURTHER SHOWED THAT AT THE EARLY STAGE (<3 MONTHS) THE MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN COLON AND RECTUM, SIMILAR PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AS HUMAN COLITIS; AND AT THE LATE STAGE (>3 MONTHS) THE MICE EXHIBITED COLORECTAL CANCER, INCLUDING A UNIQUE PHENOTYPE OF RECTAL PROLAPSED (RECTAL SEVERE INFLAMMATION AND ADENOCARCINOMA). THUS, THE AGE OF 3 MONTHS MIGHT BE THE KEY POINT OF THE TRANSITION FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO CANCER. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISMS OF THE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, WE CONDUCTED MIRNA ARRAY ON THE COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE 3-MONTH MUC2-/- AND +/+ MICE. MICRORNA PROFILING SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS (I.E. LOWER OR HIGHER EXPRESSION ENRICHMENTS) IN MUC2-/- MICE. 15 OF THEM WERE VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE PCR. BASED ON RELEVANCE TO CYTOKINE AND CANCER, 4 MIRNAS (MIR-138, MIR-145, MIR-146A, AND MIR-150) WERE VALIDATE AND WERE FOUND SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN HUMAN COLITIS AND COLORECTAL CANCER TISSUES. THE NETWORK OF THE TARGETS OF THESE MIRNAS WAS CHARACTERIZED, AND INTERESTEDLY, MIRNA-ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN MUC2-/-MICE. THIS IS THE FIRST TO REVEAL THE IMPORTANCE OF ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS IN DYNAMICALLY TRANSFORMATION FROM CHRONIC COLITIS TO COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. THESE FINDINGS SHED LIGHT ON REVEALING THE MECHANISMS OF CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3  3413  44 HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. AIM: TO INVESTIGATE THE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL SAMPLES AND THEIR VALUES AS GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS BIOMARKERS. METHODS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA, NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS, INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA WERE ANALYSED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSION PROFILES IN THE GROUPED SAMPLES WAS EVALUATED BY ANOVA AND STUDENT'S T-TEST TESTS. THE RESULTS WERE ADJUSTED FOR MULTIPLE TESTING BY USING BONFERRONI'S CORRECTION. P VALUES </= 0.05 WERE CONSIDERED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. TO EVALUATE HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSIONS AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS, WE PERFORMED A RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSIS AND THE DERIVED AREA UNDER THE CURVE, AND A CATEGORICAL PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS. IN SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENETIC TARGETS OF HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B WAS PERFORMED USING DIFFERENT PREDICTION TOOLS, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE GENES INVOLVED IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HSA-MIR-29C WERE HIGHER IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSAL SAMPLES, AND DECREASED PROGRESSIVELY IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES, INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES. THE EXPRESSION OF HSA-MIR-29C IN THE GASTRIC LESIONS SHOWED THAT NON-ATROPHIC GASTRITIS HAVE AN INTERMEDIATE PROFILE TO GASTRIC NORMAL MUCOSA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, AND THAT INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES PRESENTED AN EXPRESSION PATTERN SIMILAR TO THAT IN INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA. THIS MICRORNA (MIRNA) HAS A GOOD DISCRIMINATORY ACCURACY BETWEEN NORMAL GASTRIC SAMPLES AND (1) INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA; AND (2) INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, AND REGULATES THE DMNT3A ONCOGENE. HSA-MIR-135B IS UP-REGULATED IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA SAMPLES AND DOWN-REGULATED IN NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA AND INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES. NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA SAMPLES. HSA-MIR-135B EXPRESSION PRESENTED A GREATER DISCRIMINATORY ACCURACY BETWEEN NORMAL SAMPLES AND GASTRIC LESIONS. THIS MIRNA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI PRESENCE IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES AND REGULATES THE APC AND KLF4 TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN NON-ATROPHIC CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND SUGGEST THAT HSA-MIR-29C AND HSA-MIR-135B ARE PROMISING BIOMARKERS OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4  5566  38 ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) THAT INCLUDES BOTH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHNMP'S DISEASE (CD) ARE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). MANY CYTOKINES PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY THE GUT IMMUNE CELLS EITHER DURING OR IN RESPONSE TO LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND RECTUM ARE KNOWN TO STIMULATE THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN THE GUT ENVIRONMENT RESULTING IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, TOGETHER WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CRC. VARIOUS CELL TYPES PRESENT IN THE COLON, SUCH AS ENTEROCYTES, PANETH CELLS, GOBLET CELLS, AND MACROPHAGES, EXPRESS RECEPTORS FOR INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND RESPOND TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1BETA), IL-6, AND OTHER CYTOKINES. AMONG THE SEVERAL CYTOKINES PRODUCED, TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA ARE THE KEY PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES THAT PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC. THE CURRENT REVIEW IS INTENDED TO CONSOLIDATE THE PUBLISHED FINDINGS TO FOCUS ON THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, NAMELY TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA, ON INFLAMMATION (AND THE ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE) IN THE GUT, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC IN IBD, USING VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL MODEL SYSTEMS, PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES. MOREOVER, THIS REVIEW ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THE CURRENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AVAILABLE (MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION THERAPY) TO ALLEVIATE THE SYMPTOMS OR TREAT INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED CRC BY USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OR APTAMERS TO BLOCK PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, INHIBITORS OF TYROSINE KINASES IN THE INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING CASCADE, COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, AND THE NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS LIKE SMALL ACTIVATING RNAS (SARNAS) OR MICRORNA (MIRNA) MIMICS TO ACTIVATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR OR REPRESS ONCOGENE/PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5  2429  34 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-137 IS A FREQUENT EVENT IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. MICRORNAS (MIRNA) ARE INVOLVED IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND ARE DYSREGULATED DURING CARCINOGENESIS. CPG ISLAND METHYLATION OF MIR-137 IS A COMMON EVENT IN DIFFERENT CANCERS; HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF MIR-137 IN GASTRIC CANCER (GC) REMAINS LARGELY UNEXPLORED. IN THIS STUDY WE AIMED TO CHARACTERIZE THE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF MIR-137 IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. WE ANALYZED TOTAL 295 TISSUES INCLUDING PAIRED PRIMARY GASTRIC CANCER (T-GC) WITH CORRESPONDING ADJACENT GASTRIC MUCOSA (N-GC), PAIRED PRIMARY COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) TISSUES WITH CORRESPONDING NON-TUMOROUS MUCOSA, GASTRIC TISSUES FROM CONTROLS (N), AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC/ATROPHIC GASTRITIS (CG) WITH AND WITHOUT HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION. BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND TAQMAN RT-PCR WERE USED TO ANALYZE MIR-137 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION, RESPECTIVELY. SURVIVAL DIFFERENCES WERE EVALUATED USING KAPLAN-MEIER ANALYSES. MIR-137 CPG ISLAND METHYLATION WAS MORE FREQUENT IN TUMOROUS COMPARED TO NON-TUMOROUS CONDITIONS AND HIGHER IN CRC THAN IN GC. IN COMPARISON TO N-GC, MIR 137 METHYLATION LEVEL WAS LOWER IN N AND CG TISSUES, WHICH CORRELATES WITH CORREAS CASCADE. MIR-137 METHYLATION INVERSELY CORRELATES WITH GLOBAL LINE-1 METHYLATION AND MIR-137 EXPRESSION. MIR-137 METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN INTESTINAL TYPE GC COMPARED TO DIFFUSE ONE, AND HIGHER IN ANTRUM COMPARED TO CARDIA AND CORPUS, HOWEVER, MIR-137 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE PROGNOSIS IN DIFFUSE, BUT NOT IN INTESTINAL TYPE OF GC. THE EXPRESSION IN COLON WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COMPARED TO ANY GASTRIC TISSUES SUGGESTING FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE. IN SUMMARY, MIR-137 METHYLATION IS A FREQUENT EVENT IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS WHICH OCCURS EARLY IN STEPWISE MANNER DURING GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS AND INVERSELY CORRELATES WITH GLOBAL METHYLATION. (C) 2015 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6  5435  34 RELATIVE ROLE OF METHYLATOR AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PATHWAYS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED COLORECTAL CANCER RISK WHICH MAY BE SECONDARY TO REPETITIVE MUCOSAL INJURY. BOTH EPIGENETIC METHYLATION AND THE CLASSIC ADENOMA-TO-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY DEFINED. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND COMMON COLORECTAL CANCERS. METHODS: NINETEEN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMAS ARISING WITHIN UC WERE MATCHED FOR AGE AND CANCER SITE WITH 54 PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS. TUMOR TISSUE WAS EXAMINED FOR BRAF MUTATIONS, CPG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE (CIMP), AND MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION. MUTATIONS OF KRAS AND P53 WERE ASSESSED BY SEQUENCING. RESULTS: PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS WERE SIMILAR FOR THE TWO GROUPS. CIMP WAS OBSERVED IN 22% OF SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS AND IN 5% OF UC CANCERS (P = 0.162). RATES OF BRAF MUTATION (4% VS 5%, P = 1.0), MLH1 METHYLATION (9% VERSUS 5%, P = 0.682), AND KRAS MUTATIONS (24% VERSUS 32%, P = 0.552) WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN THE GROUPS. HOWEVER, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A P53 MUTATION COMPARED TO SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS (95% VERSUS 53%, P = 0.001). THE DOMINANT MUTATION FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS WAS A MUTATION IN CODON 4, REPRESENTING HALF OF THE MUTATIONS. FURTHERMORE, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS HAD A HIGHER RATE OF MUTATION IN CODON 8 (48% VERSUS 6%, P < 0.001) THAN SPORADIC COUNTERPARTS. CONCLUSIONS: UNLIKE OTHER INFLAMMATORY GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS DO NOT PREFERENTIALLY ARISE VIA A METHYLATOR PATHWAY WHEN COMPARED TO SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS. CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY REMAINS AN IMPORTANT ETIOLOGY, BUT WITH A UNIQUE P53 FREQUENCY AND MUTATION PATTERN.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  3752  45 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED THE INVOLVEMENT OF HSA_CIRC_0007919 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. BACKGROUND: ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS UNDERLYING THE OCCURRENCE. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) HAVE BEEN UNDER INTENSIVE FOCUS DUE TO THE CIRCULAR CONSTRUCT AND GENE-REGULATING FUNCTIONS. HOWEVER, THE CHANGES AND ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN UC REMAIN UNKNOWN. METHODS: MICROARRAYS WERE USED TO DETECT THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES, AND QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO IDENTIFY THE CHANGES IN UC. IN SILICO ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED TO PREDICT THE FUNCTIONS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS. IN VITRO, EPITHELIAL CELL LINES WERE STIMULATED BY PRO-INFLAMMATION EFFECTORS TO TEST THE ALTERATIONS IN CIRCRNAS. CIRCRNAS-MICRORNAS-MRNAS NETWORK CLARIFIED THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CIRCRNAS IN UC. THE BINDING SITE BETWEEN HSA_CIRC_0007919 AND MIR-138 OR LET-7A WAS VERIFIED USING DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 264 SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND 1869 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN INFLAMED MUCOSA WERE COMPARED WITH THE NON-INFLAMED MUCOSA IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0004662 AND HSA_CIRC_0007919 WERE ALTERED LARGELY IN UC TISSUES. HSA_CIRC_0007919 WAS REDUCED PERSISTENTLY AFTER INFLAMMATORY TREATMENTS, AND IT WAS RELEVANT TO MAYO ENDOSCOPIC SUBSCORES AND THE EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION MOLECULES. FINALLY, HSA_CIRC_0007919 COULD HARBOR MIR-138, AND LET-7A TO REGULATE THE TARGETED MRNAS EPC1 AND VIPR1. CONCLUSIONS: SEVERAL CIRCRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0007919 IS RELATED TO CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY BY BINDING TO HSA-LET-7A, HSA-MIR-138 TO REGULATE THE TARGET GENES. CIRCRNAS, ESPECIALLY HSA_CIRC_0007919, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF UC, WITH POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8  3445  41 HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITGA4, TFPI2 AND VIMENTIN PROMOTERS IS INCREASED IN INFLAMED COLON TISSUE: PUTATIVE RISK MARKERS FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. PURPOSE: EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS INVOLVED IN EARLY TRANSFORMING EVENTS AND HAS A HIGH IMPACT ON COLORECTAL CARCINOGENESIS. LIKEWISE, COLON CANCERS THAT DERIVE FROM CHRONICALLY INFLAMED BOWEL DISEASES FREQUENTLY EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC CHANGES. BUT THERE IS LITTLE DATA ABOUT EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS CAUSING COLORECTAL CANCER IN CHRONICALLY INFLAMED TISSUE. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE ABERRANT GAIN OF METHYLATION IN THE GENE PROMOTERS OF VIM, TFPI2 AND ITGA4 AS PUTATIVE EARLY MARKERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT FROM INFLAMED TISSUE VIA PRECANCEROUS LESIONS TOWARD COLORECTAL CANCER. METHODS: INITIAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT CANCER CELL LINES BY USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR REVEALED A PUTATIVE COLON CANCER-SPECIFIC METHYLATION PATTERN. ADDITIONALLY, A DEMETHYLATION ASSAY WAS PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE THE METHYLATION-DEPENDENT GENE SILENCING OF ITGA4. THE CANDIDATE MARKERS WERE ANALYZED IN COLONIC TISSUE SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER (N = 15), ADENOMAS (N = 76), SERRATED LESIONS (N = 13), CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (N = 10) AND NORMAL MUCOSAL SAMPLES (N = 9). RESULTS: A HIGH METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF VIM (55.6 %) WAS OBSERVED IN NORMAL COLON TISSUE, WHEREAS ITGA4 AND TFPI2 WERE COMPLETELY UNMETHYLATED IN CONTROLS. A SIGNIFICANT GAIN OF METHYLATION FREQUENCY WITH PROGRESSION OF DISEASE AS WELL AS AN AGE-DEPENDENT EFFECT WAS DETECTABLE FOR TFPI2. ITGA4 METHYLATION FREQUENCY WAS HIGH IN PRECANCEROUS AND CANCEROUS TISSUES AS WELL AS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD). CONCLUSION: THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED METHYLATION MARKER VIM DOES NOT PERMIT A SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE DISCRIMINATION OF HEALTHY AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUE. THE METHYLATION MARKERS ITGA4 AND TFPI2 SEEM TO BE SUITABLE RISK MARKERS FOR INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  1061  42 CLINICAL REMISSION OF SIGHT-THREATENING NON-INFECTIOUS UVEITIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY AN UPREGULATION OF PERIPHERAL T-REGULATORY CELL POLARIZED TOWARDS T-BET AND TIGIT. BACKGROUND: NON-INFECTIOUS UVEITIS CAN CAUSE CHRONIC RELAPSING AND REMITTING OCULAR INFLAMMATION, WHICH MAY REQUIRE HIGH DOSE SYSTEMIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION TO PREVENT SEVERE SIGHT LOSS. IT HAS BEEN CLASSICALLY DESCRIBED AS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, MEDIATED BY PRO-INFLAMMATORY TH1 AND TH17 T-CELL SUBSETS. STUDIES SUGGEST THAT NATURAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T-REGULATORY CELLS (TREGS) ARE INVOLVED IN RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION AND MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE MAINTENANCE OF CLINICAL REMISSION. OBJECTIVE: TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THERE IS A PERIPHERAL BLOOD IMMUNOREGULATORY PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL REMISSION OF SIGHT-THREATENING NON-INFECTIOUS UVEITIS BY COMPARING PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEVELS OF TREG, TH1, AND TH17, AND ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION AND CYTOKINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE UVEITIC DISEASE, CONTROL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS (WITH PREVIOUSLY ACTIVE DISEASE) IN CLINICAL REMISSION INDUCED BY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS. METHODS: ISOLATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES FROM PROSPECTIVELY RECRUITED SUBJECTS WERE ANALYZED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY FOR CD3, CD4, FOXP3, TIGIT, T-BET, AND RELATED ORPHAN RECEPTOR GAMMAT. EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF FOXP3 TREG-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLATED REGION (TSDR), FOXP3 PROMOTER, TBX21, RORC2, AND TIGIT LOCI WERE DETERMINED IN CRYOPRESERVED PBMC USING A NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING APPROACH. RELATED CYTOKINES WERE MEASURED IN BLOOD SERA. FUNCTIONAL SUPPRESSIVE CAPACITY OF TREG WAS ASSESSED USING T-CELL PROLIFERATION ASSAYS. RESULTS: FIFTY PATIENTS WITH UVEITIS (INTERMEDIATE, POSTERIOR, AND PANUVEITIS) AND 10 CONTROL SUBJECTS WERE RECRUITED. THE FREQUENCY OF CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) TREG, TIGIT(+) TREG, AND T-BET(+) TREG AND THE RATIO OF TREG TO TH1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN REMISSION PATIENTS COMPARED WITH PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE UVEITIC DISEASE; AND TIGIT(+) TREGS WERE A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF CLINICAL REMISSION. TREG FROM PATIENTS IN CLINICAL REMISSION DEMONSTRATED A HIGH LEVEL OF IN VITRO SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION COMPARED WITH TREG FROM CONTROL SUBJECTS AND FROM PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED ACTIVE DISEASE. PBMC FROM PATIENTS IN CLINICAL REMISSION HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER METHYLATION LEVELS AT THE FOXP3 TSDR, FOXP3 PROMOTER, AND TIGIT LOCI AND HIGHER LEVELS AT RORC LOCI THAN THOSE WITH ACTIVE DISEASE. CLINICAL REMISSION WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SERUM LEVELS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA AND IL-10, WHICH POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH TREG LEVELS, AND LOWER SERUM LEVELS OF IFNGAMMA, IL-17A, AND IL-22 COMPARED WITH PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE DISEASE. CONCLUSION: CLINICAL REMISSION OF SIGHT-THREATENING NON-INFECTIOUS UVEITIS HAS AN IMMUNOREGULATORY PHENOTYPE CHARACTERIZED BY UPREGULATION OF PERIPHERAL TREG, POLARIZED TOWARD T-BET AND TIGIT. THESE FINDINGS MAY ASSIST WITH INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPY OF UVEITIS, BY INFORMING WHETHER DRUG THERAPY HAS INDUCED PHENOTYPICALLY STABLE TREG ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM CLINICAL REMISSION.	2018	

10  6596  37 TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE MIR-192-5P HAS PROGNOSTIC VALUE IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY FAST TUMOR PROGRESSION AND DIAGNOSIS AT ADVANCED, INOPERABLE STAGES. PREVIOUS STUDIES COULD DEMONSTRATE AN INVOLVEMENT OF MIR-192-5P IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VISCERAL CARCINOMAS. DUE TO CONTRADICTORY RESULTS, HOWEVER, THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC HAS YET TO BE DETERMINED. MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION WAS ANALYZED BY RT-QRT-PCR IN HUMAN PDAC AND BENIGN TISSUE (N = 78), BLOOD SERUM (N = 81) AND SERUM EXOSOMES (N = 74), AS WELL AS IN PDAC CELL LINES (N = 5), CHEMORESISTANT CELL CLONES (N = 2), AND PANCREATIC DUCT CELL LINE H6C7. ANALYSIS OF EMT-ASSOCIATED (EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION) PROTEINS WAS PERFORMED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND WESTERN BLOT. MIR-192-5P WAS DEREGULATED IN PDAC AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS), WITH DOWNREGULATION IN MACRODISSECTED TISSUE (P < 0.001) AND UPREGULATION IN BLOOD SERUM OF PDAC UICC (UNION FOR INTERNATIONAL CANCER CONTROL) STAGE IV (P = 0.016) AND SERUM EXOSOMES OF PDAC UICC STAGES II TO IV (P < 0.001). MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION IN TUMOR TISSUE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AS COMPARED TO CORRESPONDING PERITUMORAL TISSUE (PDAC UICC STAGE II: P < 0.001; PDAC UICC STAGE III: P = 0.024), WHILE EMT MARKERS ZEB1 AND ZEB2 WERE MORE FREQUENTLY EXPRESSED IN TUMOR TISSUE AS COMPARED TO PERITUMORAL TISSUE, HCS, AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. TISSUE-DERIVED (AUC OF 0.86; P < 0.0001) AND EXOSOMAL (AUC OF 0.83; P = 0.0004) MIR-192-5P COULD DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PDAC AND HCS WITH GOOD ACCURACY. FURTHERMORE, HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC TISSUE OF CURATIVELY RESECTED PDAC PATIENTS CORRELATED WITH PROLONGED OVERALL AND RECURRENCE-FREE SURVIVAL IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. IN VITRO, MIR-192-5P WAS DOWNREGULATED IN GEMCITABINE-RESISTANT CELL CLONES OF ASPC-1 (P = 0.029). TRANSIENT TRANSFECTION OF MIA PACA-2 CELLS WITH MIR-192-5P MIMIC RESULTED IN DOWNREGULATION OF ZEB2. MIR-192-5P SEEMS TO POSSESS A TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE ROLE AND HIGH POTENTIAL AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN PDAC.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  5602  27 RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS ARE NECESSARY FOR TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION DURING COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS IN MICE. COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TUMOR ENTITIES. IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER IS CONSIDERED A DANGEROUS LONG-TERM COMPLICATION. IL-17A AND THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-RELATED ORPHAN RECEPTOR GAMMAT (RORGAMMAT) PLAY FUNDAMENTAL ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; IN HUMAN STUDIES, WE DETECTED A DENSE INFILTRATION OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT CD4(+) IL17A(+) T HELPER (TH)17 CELLS IN SPECIMENS OF CRC, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISTIC ROLE OF RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS REMAINS UNCLEAR. TO INVESTIGATE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON TUMORIGENESIS, WE CONDUCTED STUDIES IN THE AOM+DSS MOUSE MODEL THAT REVEALED THE IMPORTANCE OF RORGAMMAT FOR COLON TUMOR PROGRESSION. IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES, MICE SHOWED SIGNS OF INTENSE CHRONIC COLITIS, BUT DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER MACROSCOPIC TUMOR NODULES. THE REDUCTION OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN RORGAMMAT(-/-) MICE WAS NOT DUE TO REDUCED COLON TUMOR INITIATION. HOWEVER, THE PROLIFERATION RATE OF TUMOR CELLS WAS REDUCED IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS SHOWED PRONOUNCED SIGNS OF SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC AND LYSOSOMAL CHANGES. THESE RESULTS INDICATE AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR THE IMMUNOLOGICAL MILIEU IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER, WHICH IS SHAPED IN-PART BY RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES THAT SUPPORT CRC GROWTH.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  3765  51 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE COLON BIOPSIES. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) ARE INTESTINAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZED BY ALTERED EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND TISSUE DAMAGE. DESPITE SIGNIFICANT EFFORTS TO UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION, THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CD AND UC REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION IN CD AND UC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HUMAN COLON BIOPSY SPECIMENS WAS PERFORMED. DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN DISEASE TISSUES COMPARED WITH NORMAL TISSUES WERE CHARACTERIZED FROM THE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FURTHER SUBJECTED TO PATHWAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS. RESULTS: SAMPLE ANALYSIS SHOWED 4250 GENES WITH MATCHED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND A WIDE RANGE OF CORRELATION OF RNA-PROTEIN ABUNDANCE ACROSS SAMPLES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN CD AND UC SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, COMPLEMENT CASCADE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES AND PPAR SIGNALING. IN CD, INCREASED T-HELPER CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND ELEVATED TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AND JAK/STAT SIGNALING WERE OBSERVED. INTERESTINGLY, INCREASED MAPK SIGNALING WAS ONLY OBSERVED IN UC. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN UC. OF NOTE, A LARGE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN REGULATION OF RNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN INFLAMED COLON SAMPLES WAS DETECTED FOR PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED BIOMARKERS INCLUDING MMP14 AND LAMP1. CONCLUSIONS: WITH THE ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS, THE PRESENT STUDY UNRAVELS KEY MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CD AND UC PATHOGENESIS AND EMPHASIZES THAT INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OMICS DATA SETS CAN PROVIDE MORE INSIGHT INTO UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX DISEASE MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  4349  43 MIR-155 AND MIR-122 EXPRESSION OF SPERMATOZOA IN OBESE SUBJECTS. OBESITY IS CHARACTERIZED BY MILD CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT IS LINKED WITH IMPAIRED IRON HOMEOSTASIS. STUDIES IN HUMAN AND MURINE SHOW THAT THERE IS A TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE VIA THE GAMETES IN OBESITY; HOWEVER, THERE IS LITTLE INFORMATION ON CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RELATED TO INFLAMMATION AND IRON HOMEOSTASIS IN SPERMATOZOA FROM OBESE SUBJECTS. THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RELATED TO INFLAMMATION (MIR-21 Y MIR-155) AND IRON NUTRITION (MIR-122 AND MIR-200B) IN PLASMA, PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) AND SPERMATOZOA FROM NORMOZOOSPERMIC CONTROLS (CN; N = 17; BMI: 24.6 +/- 2.0) AND OBESE (OB; N = 17; BMI: 32.6 +/- 4.4) MEN. TO DETERMINE THE INFLAMMATION LEVELS, WE MEASURED IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP1) BY MAGNETIC LUMINEX((R)) ASSAY. MRNA EXPRESSION OF IL6, TNF-ALPHA, AND HEPCIDIN (HAMP) IN PBMC WERE EVALUATED BY RT-QPCR. THE ANALYSIS OF MICRORNAS WAS PERFORMED USING THE TAQMAN((R)) ASSAYS. THE IRON CONTENT IN PBMC, SEMINAL PLASMA, AND SPERMATOZOA WAS DETERMINED BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS). HIGH SERUM IL6, TNF-ALPHA, AND MCP1 LEVELS WERE OBSERVED IN OB GROUP (P < 0.05). GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED AN INCREASED ABUNDANCE RELATIVE OF TNF-ALPHA (P = 0.018), HAMP (P = 0.03), AND IL6 (P = 0.02) IN PBMC FROM OBESE SUBJECTS. ALSO, WE OBSERVED HIGH LEVELS OF SERUM FERRITIN (P = 0.03), IRON CONTENT IN SEMINAL PLASMA (P = 0.04), AND SPERMATOZOA (P = 0.002), BUT LOWER SERUM FE (P = 0.007) IN OBESE SUBJECTS. IN THE OB GROUP, A HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-155 (P = 0.02) AND MIR-21 (P = 0.03) WAS OBSERVED IN PBMC AND MIR-122 (P = 0.03) IN PLASMA. IN SPERM, BOTH MIR-155 (P = 0.004) AND MIR-122 (P = 0.028) WERE HIGH IN THE OB GROUP. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT OBESE SUBJECTS HAVE INCREASED EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-155 AND MIR-122, TWO MICRORNAS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY RELATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND IRON METABOLISM, RESPECTIVELY, AT BOTH THE SYSTEMIC AND SPERM LEVELS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  4334  25 MICRORNAS: NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS FOR PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA? PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS KNOWN FOR ITS VERY POOR OVERALL PROGNOSIS, MAKING TOOLS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES URGENTLY NEEDED. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), ENDOGENOUS NONCODING RNA MOLECULES OF APPROXIMATELY 22 NT, HAVE GAINED ATTENTION AS AN EPIGENETIC COMPONENT INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY CANCERS, INCLUDING PDAC. MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VARYING PANCREATIC TISSUES HAVE IDENTIFIED A NUMBER OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS AND SEEM TO BE ABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THREE TISSUES OF CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: NORMAL PANCREAS, CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, AND PDAC. THIS ARTICLE GATHERS OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS IN PANCREATIC TISSUES WITH RELEVANCE TO PDAC AND PRESENTS POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15  1064  47 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN CIRCULATING DNA OF PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS. INTRODUCTION: PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS A VERY AGGRESSIVE CANCER. THERE ARE VARIOUS SUB-CELLULAR EVENTS (BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC) THAT GET DYSREGULATED LEADING TO TUMORIGENESIS. METHYLATION IN PROMOTERS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS ONE OF THESE EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA CONTRIBUTING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CANCER. GENES ANALYZED FOR PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS IN THIS STUDY NAMELY SPARC (SECRETED PROTEIN ACIDIC AND RICH IN CYSTEINE, UCHL1 (UBIQUITIN CARBOXY-TERMINAL HYDROLASE L1), NPTX2 (NEURONAL PENTRAXIN 2), PENK (PROENKEPHALIN) HAD BEEN STUDIED IN PANCREATIC CANCER, BUT THERE IS A NEED TO CHECK METHYLATION IN THESE GENES AS CIRCULATORY NON-INVASIVE MARKERS. THIS STUDY ANALYZED THE ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF METHYLATION LEVELS OF SPARC, UCHL1, PENK, AND NPTX2 GENES PROMOTERS IN PDAC PATIENTS AS WELL AS IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (CP) PATIENTS AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS (HC) AND EVALUATED ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 65 PDAC PATIENTS, 25 CP PATIENTS, AND 25 HEALTHY CONTROLS. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM THEIR PLASMA SAMPLES AND SUBSEQUENTLY GIVEN BISULFITE TREATMENT. ABSOLUTE QUANTIZATION OF METHYLATED AND UNMETHYLATED COPIES OF GENE PROMOTERS OF ALL THE FOUR GENES WAS PERFORMED USING REAL-TIME PCR (SYBR GREEN) BY THE STANDARD CURVE METHOD. METHYLATION LEVELS WERE EXPRESSED AS METHYLATION INDEX (MI) FOR EACH GENE IN EACH PATIENT. MI WAS CALCULATED FROM ABSOLUTE COPY NUMBERS AS FOLLOWS: MI-METHYLATED COPY NUMBER/METHYLATED COPY NUMBER + UNMETHYLATED COPY NUMBER). THESE INDICES WERE USED TO COMPARE GENE METHYLATION LEVELS WITHIN DIFFERENT GROUPS AND TO CORRELATE WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SURVIVAL OF PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS. AN APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED. RESULTS: METHYLATION INDICES FOR ALL THE FOUR GENES IN PDAC CASES WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AS COMPARED TO THAT IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. SPARC MI VALUES WERE FOUND TO DIFFERENTIATE EARLY-STAGE PDAC PATIENTS FROM CP PATIENTS. PDAC PATIENTS WITH THE METASTASIZED DISEASE AND STAGE IV DISEASE WERE FOUND TO HAVE HIGH MI FOR THE SPARC GENE AS WELL AS FOR THE NPTX2 GENE, WHILE A HIGHER UCHL1 METHYLATION INDEX WAS FOUND TO CORRELATE WITH AN ADVANCED STAGE OF THE DISEASE. HIGHER MI VALUES FOR SPARC AND NPTX2 GENES WERE FOUND TO ASSOCIATE WITH POOR SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH PDAC. CONCLUSION: METHYLATION LOAD IN THE FORM OF MI FOR EACH OF THE FOUR GENES ASSESSED IN PLASMA MAY EMERGE AS A NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER TO DIFFERENTIATE PANCREATIC CANCER FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. BUT ONLY SPARC AND NPTX2 HYPERMETHYLATION WERE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH PANCREATIC CANCER FROM CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. ASSOCIATION OF ABERRANT METHYLATION IN SPARC AND NPTX2 GENE WITH METASTASIS AND POOR SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS SUGGEST THE ROLE OF METHYLATION IN THESE GENES AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                             
16  5706  37 SINGLE-MOLECULE QUANTIFICATION OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD AND COLON CANCERS. BACKGROUND: THE DNA MODIFICATION 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE SIXTH BASE OF DNA WITH EVIDENCE OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC PATTERNS AND CORRELATION WITH GENE REGULATION AND EXPRESSION. THIS EPIGENETIC MARK WAS RECENTLY REPORTED AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER FOR MULTIPLE TYPES OF CANCER, BUT ITS APPLICATION IN THE CLINIC IS LIMITED BY THE UTILITY OF RECENT 5HMC QUANTIFICATION ASSAYS. WE USE A RECENTLY DEVELOPED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, FLUORESCENCE-BASED SINGLE-MOLECULE METHOD FOR GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION OF 5HMC IN GENOMIC DNA. THE HIGH SENSITIVITY OF THE METHOD GIVES ACCESS TO PRECISE QUANTIFICATION OF EXTREMELY LOW 5HMC LEVELS COMMON IN MANY CANCERS. METHODS: WE ASSESSED 5HMC LEVELS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM A SET OF COLON AND BLOOD CANCER SAMPLES AND COMPARED 5HMC LEVELS WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS, IN A SINGLE-MOLECULE APPROACH. RESULTS: USING OUR METHOD, WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED LEVEL OF 5HMC IN BLOOD AND COLON CANCERS AND COULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COLON TUMOR AND COLON TISSUE ADJACENT TO THE TUMOR BASED ON THE GLOBAL LEVELS OF THIS MOLECULAR BIOMARKER. CONCLUSIONS: SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION OF 5HMC ALLOWS DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MALIGNANT AND HEALTHY TISSUE IN CLINICALLY RELEVANT AND ACCESSIBLE TISSUE SUCH AS BLOOD AND COLON. THE PRESENTED METHOD OUTPERFORMS CURRENT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE QUANTIFICATION KITS AND MAY POTENTIALLY BE DEVELOPED INTO A WIDELY USED, 5HMC QUANTIFICATION ASSAY FOR RESEARCH AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. FURTHERMORE, USING THIS METHOD, WE CONFIRM THAT 5HMC IS A GOOD MOLECULAR BIOMARKER FOR DIAGNOSING COLON AND VARIOUS TYPES OF BLOOD CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  4287  40 MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILING IN BEHCET'S DISEASE. BACKGROUND: BEHCET'S DISEASE (BD) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MULTISYSTEM DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY ORAL AND GENITAL ULCERS, UVEITIS, AND SKIN LESIONS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KEY REGULATORS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS HAS BEEN REPORTED IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HOWEVER, THEIR ROLE IN BD IS NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY MIRNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD AND TO INVESTIGATE THEIR POTENTIAL IMPLICATION IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. METHODS: MIRNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN BLOOD CELLS OF BD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE ANALYZED USING AFFYMETRIX ARRAYS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE OF MIRNA SEQUENCES. PATHWAY ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED, AND THE GLOBAL MIRNA PROFILING WAS COMBINED WITH TRANSCRIPTOMA DATA IN BD. DEREGULATION OF SELECTED MIRNAS WAS VALIDATED BY REAL-TIME PCR. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED SPECIFIC MIRNA SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE DISEASE. THESE MIRNAS TARGET PATHWAYS RELEVANT IN BD, SUCH AS TNF, IFN GAMMA, AND VEGF-VEGFR SIGNALING CASCADES. NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED SEVERAL MIRNAS REGULATING HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES WITHIN THE BD TRANSCRIPTOMA. CONCLUSIONS: THE COMBINED ANALYSIS OF DEREGULATED MIRNAS AND BD TRANSCRIPTOME SHEDS LIGHT ON SOME EPIGENETIC ASPECTS OF BD IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC MIRNAS, WHICH MAY REPRESENT PROMISING CANDIDATES AS BIOMARKERS AND/OR FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN BD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18   353  34 ALTERED LEVELS OF IMMUNE-REGULATORY MICRORNAS IN PLASMA SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. INTRODUCTION: LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN THE PATIENTS WITH LUPUS, A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS IS EMPHASIZED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LN. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE LEVELS OF IMMUNE-REGULATORY MICRORNAS (E.G., MIR-31, MIR-125A, MIR-142-3P, MIR-146A, AND MIR-155) IN PLASMA SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH LN. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, 26 PATIENTS WITH LN AND 26 HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WERE INCLUDED. THE PLASMA LEVELS OF THE MICRORNAS WERE EVALUATED BY A QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. MOREOVER, THE CORRELATION OF CIRCULATING PLASMA MICRORNAS WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS ALONG WITH THEIR ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH PATIENTS WITH LN WERE ASSESSED. RESULTS: PLASMA LEVELS OF MIR-125A (P = 0.048), MIR-146A (P = 0.005), AND MIR-155 (P< 0.001) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CASES AND CONTROLS. THE PLASMA LEVEL OF MIR-146A SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE LEVEL OF ANTI-DOUBLE STRAND-DNA ANTIBODY AND PROTEINURIA. MOREOVER, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN MIR-142-3P LEVELS AND DISEASE CHRONICITY AND ACTIVITY INDEX (P <0.05). THE MULTIVARIATE ROC CURVE ANALYSIS INDICATED THE PLASMA CIRCULATING MIR-125A, MIR-142-3P, MIR-146, AND MIR-155 TOGETHER COULD DISCRIMINATE MOST OF THE PATIENTS WITH LN FROM CONTROLS WITH AREA AN UNDER CURVE (AUC) OF 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.98, P<0.001], 88% SENSITIVITY, AND 78% SPECIFICITY. CONCLUSION: BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, THE STUDIED MICRORNAS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LN AND HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE USED AS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MARKERS IN LN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  2436  41 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF SOCS3 IDENTIFIES A SUBSET OF PROSTATE CANCER WITH AN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND SUBSEQUENT TISSUTAL ALTERATIONS MAY PLAY A KEY ROLE IN PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS. IN THIS WAY, MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS OF THE SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING 3 (SOCS3), ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INHIBITORY MOLECULE OF INFLAMMATORY SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION CIRCUITRIES, COULD CONTRIBUTE TO EXPLAIN THE PLEIOTROPIC ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) IN THIS TYPE OF CANCER. METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE METHYLATION STATUS AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF SOCS3 IN 20 BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIAS (BPH) AND IN 51 PROSTATE CANCER SPECIMENS. WE ANALYZED THE SOCS3 METHYLATION STATUS USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS CONFIRMED BY SEQUENCING AFTER SUBCLONING. EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THIS GENE WAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED BY REAL-TIME PCR AND BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. RESULTS AND CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL DATA WERE STATISTICALLY ANALYZED. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT THE PROMOTER OF SOCS3 WAS METHYLATED IN 39.2% OF PROSTATE CANCER. ON THE CONTRARY, ALL BPH AND NORMAL CONTROLS HAD AN UNMETHYLATED PATTERN. REAL-TIME ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT IN METHYLATED CASES SOCS3 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS REDUCED BY THREE AND FOUR FOLDS AS COMPARED TO BPH AND UNMETHYLATED CASES, RESPECTIVELY. INTERESTINGLY, SOCS3 MRNA LEVEL WAS HIGHER IN UNMETHYLATED PROSTATE CANCER THAN IN BPH. THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING ANALYSIS FOR SOCS 3 CONFIRMED MRNA RESULTS. MOREOVER, METHYLATION OF SOCS3 PROMOTER SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INTERMEDIATE-HIGH GRADE GLEASON SCORE (P = 0.0007) AND WITH AN UNFAVORABLE CLINICAL OUTCOME (P = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT SOCS3 HYPERMETHYLATION MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROSTATE CANCER AND COULD IDENTIFY A TUMOR SUBSET WITH AN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  4231  39 METHYLATION OF PROTOCADHERIN 10, A NOVEL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER. BACKGROUND & AIMS: BY USING METHYLATION-SENSITIVE REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS, WE IDENTIFIED PROTOCADHERIN 10 (PCDH10), A GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTOCADHERIN AND IS SILENCED IN A TUMOR-SPECIFIC MANNER. WE ANALYZED ITS EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN GASTRIC CANCER. METHODS: METHYLATION STATUS WAS EVALUATED BY COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. THE EFFECTS OF PCDH10 RE-EXPRESSION WERE DETERMINED IN GROWTH, APOPTOSIS, PROLIFERATION, AND INVASION ASSAYS. PCDH10 TARGET GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY COMPLEMENTARY DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. RESULTS: PCDH10 WAS SILENCED OR DOWN-REGULATED IN 94% (16 OF 17) OF GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINES; EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE RESTORED BY EXPOSURE TO DEMETHYLATING AGENTS. RE-EXPRESSION OF PCDH10 IN MKN45 GASTRIC CANCER CELLS REDUCED COLONY FORMATION IN VITRO AND TUMOR GROWTH IN MICE; IT ALSO INHIBITED CELL PROLIFERATION (P < .01), INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS (P < .001), AND REPRESSED CELL INVASION (P < .05), UP-REGULATING THE PRO-APOPTOSIS GENES FAS, CASPASE 8, JUN, AND CDKN1A; THE ANTIPROLIFERATION GENE FGFR; AND THE ANTI-INVASION GENE HTATIP2. PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 82% (85 OF 104) OF GASTRIC TUMORS COMPARED WITH 37% (38 OF 104) OF PAIRED NONTUMOR TISSUES (P < .0001). IN THE LATTER, PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN PRECANCEROUS LESIONS (27 OF 45; 60%) THAN IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES (11 OF 59; 19%) (P < .0001). AFTER A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP PERIOD OF 16.8 MONTHS, MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PATIENTS WITH PCDH10 METHYLATION IN ADJACENT NONTUMOR AREAS HAD A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN OVERALL SURVIVAL. KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL CURVES SHOWED THAT PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH SHORTENED SURVIVAL IN STAGE I-III GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: PCDH10 IS A GASTRIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; ITS METHYLATION AT EARLY STAGES OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR.	2009