1  5564 90 ROLE OF HYPERMETHYLATION OF DAP-KINASE CPG ISLAND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THYROID LYMPHOMA. DEATH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE (DAP-KINASE) IS A SERINE/THREONINE KINASE WITH A DEATH DOMAIN THAT IS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY INTERFERON-GAMMA, TNF-ALPHA, AND FAS LIGAND. EPIGENETIC DOWN-REGULATION OF DAP-KINASE GENE EXPRESSION BY HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER REGION WAS REPORTED IN B-CELL MALIGNANCIES. PREVIOUS PATHOEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES INDICATED THAT THYROID LYMPHOMA (TL) EVOLVES AMONG ACTIVE LYMPHOID CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS (CLTH). WITH USE OF METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DAP-KINASE CPG ISLAND WAS EXAMINED IN THYROID LESIONS OF 19 CASES WITH TL AND 9 WITH CLTH. THE FREQUENCY OF METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN TL CASES (16 OF 19, 84.2%) THAN IN CLTH CASES (2 OF 9, 22.2%) (P < 0.01). DNA EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES FROM TL AND CLTH CASES NEVER SHOWED METHYLATION, INDICATING THAT THE METHYLATION OCCURRED SOMATICALLY IN THE LESIONAL LYMPHOCYTES IN THYROID. THESE FINDINGS SUGGESTED THAT METHYLATION OF THE DAP-KINASE PROMOTER REGION MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TL FROM CLTH.	2000	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2   871 24 CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE AFFECTS PANCREATIC ACINAR MITOCHONDRIAL THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE UPTAKE: STUDIES WITH MOUSE 266-6 CELL LINE AND PRIMARY CELLS. THIAMIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF ALL MAMMALIAN CELLS, INCLUDING THOSE OF THE PANCREAS. CELLS OBTAIN THIAMIN FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS AND ENZYMATICALLY CONVERT IT INTO THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE (TPP) IN THE CYTOPLASM; TPP IS THEN TAKEN UP BY MITOCHONDRIA VIA A SPECIFIC CARRIER THE MITOCHONDRIAL TPP TRANSPORTER (MTPPT; PRODUCT OF THE SLC25A19 GENE). CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY IMPACTS THE HEALTH OF PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PAC), BUT ITS EFFECT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL/MOLECULAR PARAMETERS OF MTPPT IS NOT KNOWN. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE USING MOUSE PANCREATIC ACINAR TUMOR CELL LINE 266-6 AND PRIMARY PAC OF WILD-TYPE AND TRANSGENIC MICE CARRYING THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER THAT WERE FED ALCOHOL CHRONICALLY. CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE OF 266-6 CELLS (BUT NOT TO ITS NONOXIDATIVE METABOLITES ETHYL PALMITATE AND ETHYL OLEATE) LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN MITOCHONDRIAL TPP UPTAKE, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MRNA, AND ACTIVITY OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER. SIMILARLY, CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF MICE LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MRNA, HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RNA, AS WELL AS IN ACTIVITY OF SLC25A19 PROMOTER IN PAC. WHILE CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE DID NOT AFFECT DNA METHYLATION OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER, A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN HISTONE H3 EUCHROMATIN MARKERS AND AN INCREASE IN H3 HETEROCHROMATIN MARKER WERE OBSERVED. THESE FINDINGS SHOW, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY IMPACTS PANCREATIC MTPPT, AND THAT THIS EFFECT IS EXERTED, AT LEAST IN PART, AT THE LEVEL OF SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION AND APPEARS TO INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S).	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  3727 23 INHIBITION OF PANCREATIC ACINAR MITOCHONDRIAL THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE UPTAKE BY THE CIGARETTE SMOKE COMPONENT 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE. THIAMIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL METABOLISM IN PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PAC) AND IS OBTAINED FROM THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT THROUGH SPECIFIC PLASMA-MEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS, CONVERTED TO THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE (TPP) IN THE CYTOPLASM, FOLLOWED BY UPTAKE OF TPP BY MITOCHONDRIA THROUGH THE MITOCHONDRIAL TPP (MTPP) TRANSPORTER (MTPPT; PRODUCT OF SLC25A19 GENE). TPP IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM/CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF PAC IN VITRO (PANCREATIC ACINAR 266-6 CELLS) AND IN VIVO (WILD-TYPE OR TRANSGENIC MICE CARRYING THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER) OF THE CIGARETTE SMOKE TOXIN, 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE (NNK), ON THE MTPP UPTAKE PROCESS. OUR IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT NNK NEGATIVELY AFFECTS MTPP UPTAKE AND REDUCED EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MTPPT MRNA, AND HETEROGENOUS NUCLEAR RNA, AS WELL AS SLC25A19 PROMOTER ACTIVITY. THE EFFECT OF NNK ON SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION WAS NEITHER MEDIATED BY CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR NFY-1 (KNOWN TO DRIVE SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION), NOR DUE TO CHANGES IN METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER. RATHER, IT APPEARS TO BE DUE TO CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS THAT INVOLVE SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN HISTONE H3K4-TRIMETHYLATION AND H3K9-ACETYLATION (ACTIVATION MARKERS). THE EFFECT OF NNK ON MTPPT FUNCTION IS MEDIATED THROUGH THE NONNEURONAL ALPHA7-NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (ALPHA7-NACHR), AS INDICATED BY BOTH IN VITRO (USING THE NACHR ANTAGONIST MECAMYLAMINE) AND IN VIVO (USING AN ALPHA7-NACHR(-/-) MOUSE MODEL) STUDIES. THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF PAC TO NNK NEGATIVELY IMPACTS PAC MTPP UPTAKE. THIS EFFECT APPEARS TO BE EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION, INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S), AND IS MEDIATED THROUGH THE ALPHA7-NACHR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  6831 84 [HYPERMETHYLATION OF DAP-KINASE GENE CPG ISLAND IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA WITH B-CELL PHENOTYPE]. DEATH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE(DAP-KINASE) IS A PRO-APOPTOTIC SERINE/THREONINE KINASE WITH A DEATH DOMAIN, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY INTERFERON-GAMMA, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, AND FAS LIGAND. EPIGENETIC DOWN-REGULATION OF DAP-KINASE GENE EXPRESSION BY HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER REGION WAS REPORTED IN CERTAIN KINDS OF MALIGNANCIES. PREVIOUS PATHO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATED THAT THYROID LYMPHOMA(TL) EVOLVES AMONG ACTIVE LYMPHOID CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS(CLTH). WITH THE USE OF METHYLATION SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, METHYLATION STATUS OF DAP-KINASE CPG ISLAND WAS EXAMINED IN THYROID LESIONS OF 19 CASES WITH TL AND 9 WITH CLTH. FREQUENCY OF METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN TL CASES(16 OF 19, 84.2%) THAN IN CLTH CASES(2 OF 9, 22.2%) (P < 0.01). DNA EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES FROM TL AND CLTH CASES NEVER SHOWED METHYLATION, INDICATING THAT THE METHYLATION OCCURRED SOMATICALLY IN LESIONAL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYROID. WE ALSO EXAMINED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DAP-KINASE GENE IN 16 CASES OF T-CELL MALIGNANCIES INCLUDING EIGHT ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA AND 24 NK/T-CELL, 34 B-CELL, AND TWO IMMUNOPHENOTYPICALLY UNDETERMINED LYMPHOMAS. FREQUENCY OF METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN B-CELL(27 OF 34, 79.4%) THAN IN T-CELL MALIGNANCIES(EIGHT OF 16, 50%) (P < 0.05). FIFTEEN OF 24(62.5%) NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMAS SHOWED DNA METHYLATION. HEMATOPOIETIC CELL LINES WITH A METHYLATED GENE WERE RESISTANT TO APOPTOSIS. TREATMENT OF THE CELLS WITH A DEMETHYLATING AGENT RESTORED APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN ONE B-CELL LYMPHOMA CELL LINE WITH DNA METHYLATION. OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT SUPPRESSION OF DAP-KINASE EXPRESSION BY DNA METHYLATION MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF B-CELL MALIGNANCIES.	2001	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  6043 19 THE COMBINED PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND INTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL CALCIFICATIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS. INTRODUCTION: THE PREVALENCE OF INTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION (ICAC) IN MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS (MHD) PATIENTS IS ABOUT 90%, AND ITS SEVERITY IS CORRELATED WITH AGE, HEMODIALYSIS VINTAGE, AND MINERAL BONE DISEASE. ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ARE NOT SUFFICIENT FOR MEDIAL CALCIFICATION BECAUSE OF INHIBITION BY PYROPHOSPHATE. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) PROMOTES CALCIFICATION BY HYDROLYZING EXTRACELLULAR PYROPHOSPHATE. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVING ALP INHIBITION BY APABETALONE WERE INVESTIGATED AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR PREVENTING VASCULAR CALCIFICATIONS (VCS). THIS STUDY ASSESSED THE COMBINED IMPACT OF VCS AND ELEVATED SERUM ALP ON MORTALITY AMONG CHRONIC HD PATIENTS. METHODS: VCS REPRESENTED BY ICAC WERE MEASURED SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH MINERAL BONE DISEASE PARAMETERS INCLUDING SERUM ALP OF MHD PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT NONCONTRAST BRAIN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FROM 2015 TO 2018 IN OUR INSTITUTION. RESULTS: THIS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY INCLUDED 150 MHD PATIENTS (MEAN AGE 71.3 +/- 12.1 YEARS, 60.1% MALE). OF THE TOTAL COHORT, 12 (7.8%) HAD NO BRAIN CALCIFICATIONS AND 69 (45.1%) HAD MULTIPLE INTRACRANIAL CALCIFICATIONS. CONSIDERING THE PATIENTS WITH NORMAL ALP AND NO CALCIFICATION AS THE REFERENCE GROUP YIELDED ADJUSTED ODDS RATIOS FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY OF 4.6 (95% CI: 1.7-12.7) AMONG PATIENTS WITH BRAIN CALCIFICATIONS AND NORMAL ALP (P = 0.003) AND ODDS RATIOS FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY OF 6.1 (95% CI: 2.1-17.7) AMONG PATIENTS WITH BRAIN CALCIFICATIONS AND ELEVATED ALP (P= 0.001). CONCLUSION: WE FOUND AN INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ICAC AND THE RISK OF DEATH AMONG MHD PATIENTS. THE COMBINED EFFECT OF ICAC AND ELEVATED ALP WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER ODDS RATIO FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN MHD PATIENTS AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE RISK STRATIFICATION OF THESE PATIENTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6   873 23 CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INHIBITS BIOTIN UPTAKE BY PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS: POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL AFFECTS DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PAC), BUT ITS EFFECT ON THE UPTAKE PROCESS OF BIOTIN IS NOT KNOWN. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE USING MOUSE-DERIVED PANCREATIC ACINAR 266-6 CELLS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ALCOHOL AND WILD-TYPE AND TRANSGENIC MICE (CARRYING THE HUMAN SLC5A6 5'-PROMOTER) FED ALCOHOL CHRONICALLY. FIRST WE ESTABLISHED THAT BIOTIN UPTAKE BY PAC IS NA(+) DEPENDENT AND CARRIER MEDIATED AND INVOLVES SODIUM-DEPENDENT MULTIVITAMIN TRANSPORTER (SMVT). CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF 266-6 CELLS TO ALCOHOL LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN BIOTIN UPTAKE, EXPRESSION OF SMVT PROTEIN, AND MRNA AS WELL AS IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE SLC5A6 PROMOTER. SIMILARLY, CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF WILD-TYPE AND TRANSGENIC MICE CARRYING THE SLC5A6 PROMOTER LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN BIOTIN UPTAKE BY PAC, AS WELL AS IN THE EXPRESSION OF SMVT PROTEIN AND MRNA AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE SLC5A6 PROMOTERS EXPRESSED IN THE TRANSGENIC MICE. WE ALSO FOUND THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF MICE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG ISLANDS PREDICTED TO BE IN THE MOUSE SLC5A6 PROMOTERS AND A DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR KLF-4, WHICH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING SLC5A6 PROMOTER ACTIVITY. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY IMPACTS BIOTIN UPTAKE IN PAC AND THAT THIS EFFECT IS EXERTED (AT LEAST IN PART) AT THE LEVEL OF TRANSCRIPTION OF THE SLC5A6 GENE AND MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC/MOLECULAR MECHANISMS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  6612 19 ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE ENHANCES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN PTX-TREATED RATS: REGULATION ON GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING MAY HAVE A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT; THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE GLOBAL PATTERNS OF LYSINE HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN THIS SERIAL STUDY WE ANALYZED THE LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 MONOMETHYLATION, HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 DIMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION IN PERTUSSIS TOXIN (PTX)-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIC RAT SPINAL CORDS. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS IMPLANTED WITH AN INTRATHECAL CATHETER RECEIVED A SINGLE INTRATHECAL PTX (1 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION. FOUR DAYS LATER, THEY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SALINE, OR ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE (15 NG IN 5 MUL SALINE), FOLLOWED BY MORPHINE (10 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION 30 MINUTES LATER. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PTX INJECTION INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORDS. INTRATHECAL MORPHINE ALONE DID NOT AFFECT THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. IN CONTRAST, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE PLUS MORPHINE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE PTX-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND DOWN-REGULATED THE GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE MIGHT BE CLINICAL VALUABLE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT VIA REGULATING GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  4581 23 N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE 2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE (NR2B) PROMOTER METHYLATION IN PATIENTS DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. NMDA RECEPTORS AND ESPECIALLY THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. THEREFORE, THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS OF 32 MALE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY WERE ASSESSED THROUGH QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR AND TO EXPLORE REGULATING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, A METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF A FRAGMENT OF THE NR2B PROMOTER REGION. THE EXPRESSION OF THE NR2B RECEPTOR INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE FIRST 24 H OF WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT (DAY 1; T = 4.1, P = 0.001), AND ALSO ON AND DAY 3 (T = 2.4; P = 0.029). THE SEVERITY OF ALCOHOL DRINKING PATTERN, MEASURED BY LIFETIME DRINKING AND DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE, WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE METHYLATION OF A DEFINED CLUSTER OF FIVE CPG-SITES WITHIN THE NR2B PROMOTER (LIFETIME DRINKING: SPEARMAN'S RHO = -0.55; P = 0.013; DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE: RHO = -0.46; P = 0.043). THESE FINDINGS MIGHT EXPLAIN THE OBSERVATION OF AN IMPACT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ON THE GRAVITY OF WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  6666 21 UPTAKE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS IS NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID, AA) IS INDISPENSABLE FOR NORMAL METABOLISM OF ALL MAMMALIAN CELLS INCLUDING PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PACS). PACS OBTAIN AA FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS VIA TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY AFFECTS BODY AA HOMEOSTASIS; IT ALSO INHIBITS UPTAKE OF OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS INTO PACS, BUT ITS EFFECT ON AA UPTAKE IS NOT CLEAR. WE EXAMINED THIS ISSUE USING BOTH IN VITRO (266-6 CELLS) AND IN VIVO (MICE) MODELS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. FIRST, WE DETERMINED THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF THE AA TRANSPORTERS 1 AND 2 [I.E., SODIUM-DEPENDENT VITAMIN C TRANSPORTER-1 (SVCT-1) AND SVCT-2] IN MOUSE AND HUMAN PACS AND FOUND SVCT-2 TO BE THE PREDOMINANT TRANSPORTER. CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF 266-6 CELLS TO ALCOHOL SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED AA UPTAKE AND CAUSED A MARKED REDUCTION IN SVCT-2 EXPRESSION AT THE PROTEIN, MRNA, AND HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RNA (HNRNA) LEVELS. SIMILARLY, CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF MICE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED AA UPTAKE AND CAUSED A MARKED REDUCTION IN LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF THE SVCT-2 PROTEIN, MRNA, AND HNRNA. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISM(S) IN MEDIATING CHRONIC ALCOHOL EFFECT ON AA UPTAKE BY PACS. WE ALSO OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC CHANGES (HISTONE MODIFICATIONS) IN THE SLC23A2 GENE (REDUCTION IN H3K4ME3 LEVEL AND AN INCREASE IN H3K27ME3 LEVEL) IN THE ALCOHOL-EXPOSED 266-6 CELLS. THESE FINDINGS SHOW THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INHIBITS PAC AA UPTAKE AND THAT THE EFFECT IS MEDIATED, IN PART, AT THE LEVEL OF TRANSCRIPTION OF THE SLC23A2 GENE AND MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S).	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  2750 20 EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE GENE AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND ITS PROMOTER IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE STRUCTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ADDICTION. WE STUDIED WHETHER MORPHINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN MRNA LEVELS OF THE CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS ENZYME, TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE (TH), ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AROUND THE PROMOTER OF THIS GENE IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) OF RATS. METHODS: DEPENDENCE WAS INDUCED IN RATS BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS OF MORPHINE FOR 11 DAYS. THE ANIMALS WERE KILLED 2 H (CHRONIC MORPHINE), 24 H AND 7 DAYS (SPONTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL) AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF OUR REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR RESULTS BY 1-WAY ANOVA SHOWED SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION (5.13 +/- 0.39 FOLDS) OF LC LEVELS OF THE TH TRANSCRIPT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE TO RATS, WHEN COMPARED WITH 2 H AND 7 DAYS TIME POINTS. CHRONIC MORPHINE AND MORPHINE ABSTINENCE FAILED TO CAUSE ANY SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF TH MRNA IN THE VTA AFTER CESSATION OF MORPHINE. CONSISTENTLY, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR ASSAYS REVEALED THAT 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION OF MORPHINE, LEVELS OF H3 ACETYLATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED (4.12 +/- 0.38 FOLDS) AT THE PROMOTER OF THE TH GENE IN THE LC BUT NOT IN THE VTA. OUR DATA ALSO SHOWED THAT HISTONE H3 TRIMETHYLATION FAILED TO CHANGE AROUND THE TH GENE PROMOTER EITHER IN THE VTA OR IN THE LC AFTER MORPHINE ABSTINENCE. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, DEMONSTRATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF TH GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LC OF RATS DURING FORCED ABSTINENCE FROM MORPHINE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  5976 17 TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) MEDIATES THE CONVERSION OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5 MC) TO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5 HMC), HENCE PROMOTING DNA DEMETHYLATION. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE LINKED THE DNA DEMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, THE ROLE OF SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DNA DEMETHYLATION IN NOCICEPTION HYPERSENSITIVITY DEVELOPMENT REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE, WE REPORT CORRELATED WITH BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) UPREGULATED TET1 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THAT HYDROXYLATE 5 MC TO 5 HMC AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER TO PROMOTE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION. FOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL TET1 EXPRESSION DECREASED TET1 BINDING AND 5 HMC ENRICHMENT, FURTHER INCREASED 5 MC ENRICHMENT AT CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER AND DECREASED SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY THE ALLEVIATION OF THE DEVELOPED ALLODYNIA. MOREOVER, AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION ALSO INHIBITED THE BINDING OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS, I.E., DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B) TO THE BDNF PROMOTER, A REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING BY CATALYSING 5-CYTOSINE (5C) TO 5 MC. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST AT CPG SITES OF THE BDNF PROMOTER, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION PROMOTES DNA DEMETHYLATION BOTH BY CONVERTING 5 MC TO 5 HMC AND INHIBITING DNMT BINDING TO REGULATE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION, HENCE CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA DEVELOPMENT.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  1391 13 DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH LOW SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE. INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) ARE WIDELY RECOGNIZED AS A BIOCHEMICAL MARKER OF MANY DISORDERS AFFECTING THE LIVER OR BONE. HOWEVER, THE APPROACH FOR PATIENTS WITH LOW ALP PHOSPHATASE IS NOT WELL-ESTABLISHED. LOW SERUM ALP IS AN EPIPHENOMENON OF MANY SEVERE ACUTE INJURIES AND DISEASES. PERSISTENTLY LOW SERUM ALP MAY BE SECONDARY TO DRUG THERAPY (INCLUDING ANTIRESORPTIVES) OR A VARIETY OF ACQUIRED DISORDERS, SUCH AS MALNUTRITION, VITAMIN AND MINERAL DEFICIENCIES, ENDOCRINE DISORDERS, ETC. HYPOPHOSPHATASIA, DUE TO PATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF THE ALPL GENE, WHICH ENCODES TISSUE NON-SPECIFIC ALP, IS THE MOST COMMON GENETIC CAUSE OF LOW SERUM ALP. MARKED BONE HYPOMINERALIZATION IS FREQUENT IN SEVERE PEDIATRIC-ONSET CASES. HOWEVER, ADULT FORMS OF HYPOPHOSPHATASIA USUALLY PRESENT WITH MILDER MANIFESTATIONS, SUCH AS SKELETAL PAIN, CHONDROCALCINOSIS, CALCIFIC PERIARTHRITIS, DENTAL PROBLEMS, AND STRESS FRACTURES. THE DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO THESE PATIENTS IS DISCUSSED. MEASURING SEVERAL ALP SUBSTRATES, SUCH AS PYROPHOSPHATE, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE, OR PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE, MAY HELP TO ESTABLISH ENZYME DEFICIENCY. GENE ANALYSIS SHOWING A PATHOGENIC VARIANT IN ALPL MAY CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS. HOWEVER, A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF PATIENTS SHOW NORMAL RESULTS AFTER SEQUENCING ALPL EXONS. IT IS STILL UNKNOWN IF THOSE PATIENTS CARRY UNIDENTIFIED MUTATIONS IN REGULATORY REGIONS OF ALPL, EPIGENETIC CHANGES, OR ABNORMALITIES IN OTHER GENES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13  2152 23 EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF 5-HT/NE/DA TRIPLE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR ON ADULT DEPRESSION SUSCEPTIBILITY IN EARLY STRESS MICE. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS A CHRONIC, REMITTING AND DEBILITATING DISEASE AND THE ETIOLOGY OF MDD IS HIGHLY COMPLICATED THAT INVOLVES GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS. DESPITE MANY PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC OPTIONS, MANY PATIENTS REMAIN POORLY TREATED AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS REMAINS A HIGH PRIORITY IN THE FIELD. LPM570065 IS A POTENT 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (5-HT), NOREPINEPHRINE (NE) AND DOPAMINE (DA) TRIPLE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR AND BOTH PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL RESULTS DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANT EFFICACY AGAINST MDD. THIS STUDY EXTENDS PREVIOUS FINDINGS TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF LPM570065 ON STRESS VULNERABILITY USING A "TWO-HIT" STRESS MOUSE MODEL. THE "TWO-HIT" STRESS MODEL USED ADULT MICE THAT HAD EXPERIENCED EARLY LIFE MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) STRESS FOR SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (SDS) AND THEN THEY WERE EVALUATED IN THREE BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS: SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, TAIL SUSPENSION TEST AND FORCED SWIMMING TEST. FOR THE MECHANISTIC STUDIES, METHYLATION-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN MOUSE HIPPOCAMPAL TISSUE AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) WERE ANALYZED BY WHOLE-GENOME TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS ALONG WITH NEXT-GENERATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING ANALYSIS, FOLLOWED BY RT-PCR AND PYROPHOSPHATE SEQUENCING TO CONFIRM GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION. LPM570065 SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE MICE IN THE SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, THE TAIL SUSPENSION TEST, AND THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST. MORPHOLOGICALLY, LPM570065 INCREASED THE DENSITY OF DENDRITIC SPINES IN HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS. HYPERMETHYLATION AND DOWNREGULATION OF OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR (OXTR) IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL TISSUES ALONG WITH INCREASED PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3A IN MICE THAT EXPERIENCED THE "TWO-HIT" STRESS COMPARED TO THOSE THAT ONLY EXPERIENCED ADULTHOOD SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, AND LPM570065 COULD REVERSE THESE CHANGES. COMBINED, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION SPECIFICITY OF THE GENE OXTR IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN EARLY LIFE STRESS-INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION AND THAT THE5-HT/NE/DA TRIPLE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR LPM570065 MAY REDUCE DEPRESSION SUSCEPTIBILITY VIA THE REVERSAL OF THE METHYLATION OF THE GENE OXTR.	2022	

14   614 24 BINGE ALCOHOL-INDUCED MICROVESICULAR LIVER STEATOSIS AND INJURY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWN-REGULATION OF HEPATIC HDAC 1, 7, 9, 10, 11 AND UP-REGULATION OF HDAC 3. BACKGROUND: BINGE, AS WELL AS CHRONIC, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AFFECTS GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION LEADING TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. IT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY EVIDENT THAT THESE HISTONE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALCOHOL-MEDIATED HEPATIC INJURY. METHODS: C57BL/6 MICE WERE GAVAGED 3 TIMES (12-HOUR INTERVALS) WITH ETHANOL (ETOH; 4.5 G/KG). HEPATIC HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) MRNAS WERE ASSESSED BY QRT-PCR. TOTAL HDAC ACTIVITY WAS ESTIMATED BY A COLORIMETRIC HDAC ACTIVITY/INHIBITION ASSAY. HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS WERE EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT. LIVER STEATOSIS AND INJURY WERE EVALUATED BY HISTOPATHOLOGY, PLASMA AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) ACTIVITY, AND LIVER TRIGLYCERIDE ACCUMULATION. EXPRESSION OF FATTY ACID SYNTHASE (FAS) AND CARNITINE PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A) WAS ALSO EXAMINED. HDAC 9 ASSOCIATION WITH FAS PROMOTER WAS ANALYZED. RESULTS: BINGE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE RESULTED IN ALTERATIONS OF HEPATIC HDAC MRNA LEVELS. DOWN-REGULATION OF HDAC CLASS I (HDAC 1), CLASS II (HDAC 7, 9, 10), AND CLASS IV (HDAC 11) AND UP-REGULATION OF HDAC CLASS I (HDAC 3) GENE EXPRESSION WERE OBSERVED. CORRESPONDENT TO THE DECREASE IN HDAC ACTIVITY, AN INCREASE IN HEPATIC HISTONE ACETYLATION WAS OBSERVED. THESE MOLECULAR EVENTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MICROVESICULAR HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND INJURY CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDES (48.02 +/- 3.83 VS. 19.90 +/- 3.48 MG/G LIVER, P < 0.05) AND ELEVATED PLASMA ALT ACTIVITY (51.98 +/- 6.91 VS. 20.8 +/- 0.62 U/L, P < 0.05). HEPATIC STEATOSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN FAS AND A DECREASE IN CPT1A MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FAS PROMOTER ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT BINGE ETOH TREATMENT DECREASED HDAC 9 OCCUPANCY AT THE FAS PROMOTER RESULTING IN ITS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. CONCLUSIONS: DEREGULATION OF HEPATIC HDAC EXPRESSION LIKELY PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE BINGE ALCOHOL-INDUCED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND LIVER INJURY BY AFFECTING LIPOGENESIS AND FATTY ACID BETA-OXIDATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                      
15  3331 22 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                 
16  1831 21 EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SEPARATION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR EXON I PROMOTER IN THE ADULT RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. AIM: EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THROUGH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND IS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTION. WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT RATS SUBJECTED TO MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) DURING EARLY LIFE AND TREATED WITH AN ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG AS ADULTS. METHODS: RAT PUPS WERE SUBJECTED TO MS FROM POSTNATAL DAY 1 TO 21 AND RECEIVED CHRONIC ESCITALOPRAM (ESC) AS ADULTS. WE ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF MS AND ESC ON BDNF EXON I AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) MRNA LEVELS (QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), ACETYLATED HISTONE H3, AND MECP2 BINDING TO THE BDNF PROMOTER I (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), AND BDNF PROTEIN LEVELS (ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY). RESULTS: THE LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION, AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA WERE ALTERED IN THE MS GROUP COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. SIGNIFICANT DECREASES WERE OBSERVED IN THE BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MS + ESC AND MS GROUPS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN MECP2 AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MS INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER AND THESE CHANGES WERE PREVENTED BY ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG TREATMENT DURING ADULTHOOD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  3841 18 IRON SUPPLEMENTATION REVERSES THE REDUCTION OF HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE IN HEPATIC DNA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN RATS. BACKGROUND: ALCOHOL IS KNOWN TO AFFECT TWO EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA, DNA METHYLATION AND DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, AND IRON IS A COFACTOR OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) ENZYMES THAT CATALYZE THE CONVERSION FROM METHYLCYTOSINE TO HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE AIMED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND FURTHER EFFECTS OF IRON ON ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES. METHODS: TWENTY-FOUR MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE FED EITHER LIEBER-DECARLI ALCOHOL DIET (36% CALORIES FROM ETHANOL) OR LIEBER-DECARLI CONTROL DIET ALONG WITH OR WITHOUT IRON SUPPLEMENTATION (0.6% CARBONYL IRON) FOR 8 WEEKS. HEPATIC NON-HEME IRON CONCENTRATIONS WERE MEASURED BY COLORIMETRIC ASSAYS. PROTEIN LEVELS OF HEPATIC FERRITIN AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR WERE DETERMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. METHYLCYTOSINE, HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE AND UNMODIFIED CYTOSINE IN DNA WERE SIMULTANEOUSLY MEASURED BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD. RESULTS: IRON SUPPLEMENTATION SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED HEPATIC NON-HEME IRON CONTENTS (P < 0.05) BUT ALCOHOL ALONE DID NOT. HOWEVER, BOTH ALCOHOL AND IRON SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED HEPATIC FERRITIN LEVELS AND DECREASED HEPATIC TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR LEVELS (P < 0.05). ALCOHOL REDUCED HEPATIC DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION (0.21% +/- 0.04% VS. 0.33% +/- 0.04%, P = 0.01) COMPARED TO CONTROL, WHILE IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TO ALCOHOL DIET DID NOT CHANGE DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN METHYLCYTOSINE LEVELS, WHILE UNMODIFIED CYTOSINE LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN ALCOHOL-FED GROUPS COMPARED TO CONTROL (95.61% +/- 0.08% VS. 95.26% +/- 0.12%, P = 0.03), SUGGESTING THAT ALCOHOL FURTHER INCREASES THE CONVERSION FROM HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE TO UNMODIFIED CYTOSINE. CONCLUSIONS: CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ALTERS GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION IN THE LIVER BUT IRON SUPPLEMENTATION REVERSES THE EPIGENETIC EFFECT OF ALCOHOL.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  1495 25 DNA HYPERMETHYLATION OF CELL CYCLE (P15 AND P16) AND APOPTOTIC (P14, P53, DAPK AND TMS1) GENES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF LEUKEMIA PATIENTS. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES HAS BEEN REPORTED IN ALL MAJOR TYPES OF LEUKEMIA WITH POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE INACTIVATION OF REGULATORY CELL CYCLE AND APOPTOSIS GENES. HOWEVER, MOST OF THE PREVIOUS REPORTS DID NOT SHOW THE EXTENT OF CONCURRENT METHYLATION OF MULTIPLE GENES IN THE FOUR LEUKEMIA TYPES. HERE, WE ANALYZED SIX KEY GENES (P14, P15, P16, P53, DAPK AND TMS1) FOR DNA METHYLATION USING METHYLATION SPECIFIC PCR TO ANALYZE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF 78 LEUKEMIA PATIENTS (24 CML, 25 CLL, 12 AML, AND 17 ALL) AND 24 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. IN CML, METHYLATION WAS DETECTED FOR P15 (11%), P16 (9%), P53 (23%) AND DAPK (23%), IN CLL, P14 (25%), P15 (19%), P16 (12%), P53 (17%) AND DAPK (36%), IN AML, P14 (8%), P15 (45%), P53 (9%) AND DAPK (17%) AND IN ALL, P15 (14%), P16 (8%), AND P53 (8%). THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTED AN ESSENTIAL ROLE OF DAPK METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LEUKEMIA IN CONTRAST TO P15 METHYLATION IN THE ACUTE CASES, WHEREAS TMS1 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS ABSENT IN ALL CASES. FURTHERMORE, HYPERMETHYLATION OF MULTIPLE GENES PER PATIENT WAS OBSERVED, WITH OBVIOUS SELECTIVENESS IN THE 9P21 CHROMOSOMAL REGION GENES (P14, P15 AND P16). INTERESTINGLY, METHYLATION OF P15 INCREASED THE RISK OF METHYLATION IN P53, AND VICE VERSA, BY FIVE FOLDS (P=0.03) INDICATING POSSIBLE SYNERGISTIC EPIGENETIC DISRUPTION OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE OR BETWEEN THE CELL CYCLE AND APOPTOSIS. THE INVESTIGATION OF MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN METHYLATED GENES MIGHT SHED LIGHT ON TUMOR SPECIFIC INACTIVATION OF THE CELL CYCLE AND APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  4913 19 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20  2132 24 EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF THE MIR-124-1 IN HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. MIR-124-1 IS A TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNA (MIR). EPIGENETIC DEREGULATION OF MIRS IS IMPLICATED IN CARCINOGENESIS. PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATION OF MIR-124-1 WAS STUDIED IN 5 NORMAL MARROW CONTROLS, 4 LYMPHOMA, 8 MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM) CELL LINES, 230 DIAGNOSTIC PRIMARY SAMPLES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (AML), ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA (ALL), CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL), MM, AND NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA (NHL), AND 53 MM SAMPLES AT STABLE DISEASE OR RELAPSE. PROMOTER OF MIR-124-1 WAS UNMETHYLATED IN NORMAL CONTROLS BUT HOMOZYGOUSLY METHYLATED IN 4 OF 4 LYMPHOMA AND 4 OF 8 MYELOMA CELL LINES. TREATMENT OF 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE LED TO MIR-124-1 DEMETHYLATION AND RE-EXPRESSION OF MATURE MIR-124, WHICH ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGENCE OF EUCHROMATIC TRIMETHYL H3K4 AND CONSEQUENT DOWNREGULATION OF CDK6 IN MYELOMA CELLS HARBORING HOMOZYGOUS MIR-124-1 METHYLATION. IN PRIMARY SAMPLES AT DIAGNOSIS, MIR-124-1 METHYLATION WAS ABSENT IN CML BUT DETECTED IN 2% EACH OF MM AT DIAGNOSIS AND RELAPSE/PROGRESSION, 5% ALL, 15% AML, 14% CLL AND 58.1% OF NHL (P<0.001). AMONGST LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES, MIR-124-1 WAS PREFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN NHL THAN MM, CLL OR ALL. IN PRIMARY LYMPHOMA SAMPLES, MIR-124-1 WAS PREFERENTIALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN B- OR NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED MIR-124 EXPRESSION. IN CONCLUSION, MIR-124-1 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED IN A TUMOUR-SPECIFIC MANNER, WITH A HETEROCHROMATIC HISTONE CONFIGURATION. HYPOMETHYLATION LED TO PARTIAL RESTORATION OF EUCHROMATIC HISTONE CODE AND MIR RE-EXPRESSION. INFREQUENT MIR-124-1 METHYLATION DETECTED IN DIAGNOSTIC AND RELAPSE MM SAMPLES SHOWED AN UNIMPORTANT ROLE IN MM PATHOGENESIS, DESPITE FREQUENT METHYLATION FOUND IN CELL LINES. AMONGST HAEMATOLOGICAL CANCERS, MIR-124-1 WAS MORE FREQUENTLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN NHL, AND HENCE WARRANTS FURTHER STUDY.	2011