1  2093 116 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INTRODUCTION: ACUTE EXERCISE AND EXERCISE TRAINING MAY CONFER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AFTER EXERCISE HAVE BEEN SHOWED IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS TO SUMMARIZE THE EVIDENCE FROM AVAILABLE CLINICAL TRIALS THAT STUDY EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AFTER EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. METHODS: THE SEARCH STRATEGY WAS PERFORMED IN PUBMED AND CENTRAL DATABASES ON ARTICLES PUBLISHED UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2020. STUDIES WITH TITLES AND ABSTRACTS RELEVANT TO EXERCISE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION APPLIED TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS WERE FULLY EXAMINED. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA WERE UTILIZED FOR STUDIES SCREENING. QUALITY ASSESSMENT WITH PEDRO SCALE AND EVALUATION BY TWO INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: OF THE 1714 ARTICLES RETRIEVED, 88 ARTICLES WERE ASSESSED FOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND 8 ARTICLES MATCHED OUR SEARCH CRITERIA AND FINALLY INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. THE ACUTE EXERCISE EPIGENETIC (MIRNAS) EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED IN THREE STUDIES AND THE CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING EFFECTS (MIRNAS AND DNA METHYLATION) IN SIX STUDIES. THE RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS POSSIBLY AN ACUTE SIGNIFICANT EXERCISE EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC TARGETS WHICH IS MORE EVIDENT AFTER CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING. CONCLUSIONS: BY THE PRESENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE PROVIDE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF BENEFICIAL EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MORE CONTROLLED STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO CONFIRM SUCH EVIDENCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  1045  36 CLINICAL CORRELATION AMONG MALE INFERTILITY AND OVERALL MALE HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. PURPOSE: ONGOING EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THE ROLE OF MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY AS A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY AND GENERAL HEALTH STATUS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT REVIEW IS TO UPDATE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE BASE REGARDING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY AND GENERAL HEALTH THROUGH A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS CARRIED OUT FROM INCEPTION TO NOVEMBER 2019 IN ORDER TO EVALUATE SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MALE INFERTILITY AND ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR, ONCOLOGIC, METABOLIC AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AS WELL AS OVERALL MORTALITY. RESULTS: IN ALL, 27 STUDIES MET INCLUSION CRITERIA AND WERE CRITICALLY EXAMINED. FIVE STUDIES EXAMINED MALE INFERTILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK, 11 EXAMINED ONCOLOGIC RISK (E.G., OVERALL CANCER RISK, TESTIS AND PROSTATE CANCER), 8 EXAMINED AGGREGATE CHRONIC MEDICAL DISEASES AND 5 INFERTILITY RELATED TO INCIDENCE OF MORTALITY, FOR A TOTAL OF 599,807 MEN DIAGNOSED WITH ANY MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY COVERING A PERIOD FROM 1916 TO 2016. CONCLUSIONS: A MAN'S FERTILITY AND OVERALL HEALTH APPEAR TO BE INTERCONNECTED. THEREFORE, A DIAGNOSIS OF MALE INFERTILITY MAY ALLOW A WINDOW INTO FUTURE COMORBIDITY AND/OR MORTALITY WHICH MAY HELP GUIDE CLINICAL DECISIONS AND COUNSELING. SEVERAL POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIES SUCH AS GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND LIFESTYLE-BASED FACTORS NEED TO BE FURTHER EVALUATED IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS BETWEEN MALE INFERTILITY AND HEALTH.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  2108  39 EPIGENETIC FACTORS RELATED TO LOW BACK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE. LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF PAIN AND DISABILITY. AT PRESENT, TREATMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR ACUTE AND CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN OFTEN FAIL TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT LEVELS OF PAIN RELIEF, AND FULL FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION CAN BE CHALLENGING. CONSIDERING THE SIGNIFICANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN AND RISK-TO-BENEFIT RATIO OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INTERVENTION IN LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS, THE IDENTIFICATION OF RELIABLE BIOMARKERS SUCH AS EPIGENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BACK PAIN COULD BE USEFUL IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO REVIEW THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE REGARDING THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BACK PAIN. THIS REVIEW WAS CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH PREFERENTIAL REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES (PRISMA) GUIDELINES. THE SEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT IN OCTOBER 2022. ONLY PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES WERE CONSIDERED FOR INCLUSION. FOURTEEN STUDIES WERE INCLUDED AND SHOWED PROMISING RESULTS IN TERMS OF RELIABLE MARKERS. EPIGENETIC MARKERS FOR LBP HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFY DISEASE MANAGEMENT. MOST RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETICS IS A MORE PROMISING FIELD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LBP, OFFERING A RATIONALE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION IN THIS FIELD WITH THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF FINDING EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS THAT COULD CONSTITUTE BIOLOGICAL TARGETS FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4  1151  34 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	

5  1517  42 DNA METHYLATION AS A MEDIATOR OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND CHRONIC DISEASES: A SCOPING REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF MEDIATION ANALYSIS. DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. DNAM HAS EMERGED AS A KEY BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM AND BIOMARKERS TO TEST ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND OUTCOMES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES. ALTHOUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND EITHER EXPOSURE/OUTCOMES, IT IS USEFUL TO TEST FOR MEDIATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME BY DNAM. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SCOPING REVIEW IS TO INTRODUCE THE METHODOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF STATISTICAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS AND TO EXAMINE EMERGING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH APPLYING MEDIATION ANALYSES. WE CONDUCTED THIS SCOPING REVIEW FOR PUBLISHED PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS ON THIS TOPIC USING ONLINE DATABASES (PUBMED, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, AND CINAHL) ENDING IN DECEMBER 2020. WE EXTRACTED A TOTAL OF 219 ARTICLES BY INITIAL SCREENING. AFTER REVIEWING TITLES, ABSTRACTS, AND FULL TEXTS, A TOTAL OF 69 ARTICLES WERE ELIGIBLE FOR THIS REVIEW. THE BREAKDOWN OF STUDIES ASSIGNED TO EACH CATEGORY WAS 13 FOR SMOKING (18.8%), 8 FOR DIETARY INTAKE AND FAMINE (11.6%), 6 FOR OTHER LIFESTYLE FACTORS (8.7%), 8 FOR CLINICAL ENDPOINTS (11.6%), 22 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES (31.9%), 2 FOR SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES) (2.9%), AND 10 FOR GENETIC FACTORS AND RACE (14.5%). IN THIS REVIEW, WE PROVIDE AN EXPOSURE-WIDE SUMMARY FOR THE MEDIATION ANALYSIS USING DNAM LEVELS. HOWEVER, WE FOUND HETEROGENOUS METHODS AND INTERPRETATIONS IN MEDIATION ANALYSIS WITH TYPICAL ISSUES SUCH AS DIFFERENT CELL COMPOSITIONS AND TISSUE-SPECIFICITY. FURTHER ACCUMULATION OF EVIDENCE WITH DIVERSE EXPOSURES, POPULATIONS AND WITH RIGOROUS METHODOLOGY WILL BE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE FURTHER INSIGHT IN THE ROLE OF DNAM IN DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  6112  47 THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: AGEING IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THERE IS CONSIDERABLE BETWEEN-PERSON VARIATION IN THE RATE OF AGEING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE AND DEATH. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN HUMAN AGEING, AND DNA METHYLATION AGE BIOMARKERS MAY BE GOOD PREDICTORS OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND MORTALITY RISK. THE AIMS OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WERE TO IDENTIFY AND SYNTHESISE THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIPHERALLY MEASURED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND LONGEVITY, AGE-RELATED DISEASE, AND MORTALITY RISK. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN LINE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES (PRISMA) GUIDELINES. USING RELEVANT SEARCH TERMS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL REGISTER OF CONTROLLED TRIALS, AND PSYCHINFO DATABASES WERE SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY ARTICLES MEETING THE INCLUSION CRITERIA. STUDIES WERE ASSESSED FOR BIAS USING JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLISTS. DATA WAS EXTRACTED FROM STUDIES MEASURING AGE ACCELERATION AS A PREDICTOR OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES, MORTALITY OR LONGEVITY, AND THE FINDINGS FOR SIMILAR OUTCOMES COMPARED. USING REVIEW MANAGER 5.3 SOFTWARE, TWO META-ANALYSES (ONE PER EPIGENETIC CLOCK) WERE CONDUCTED ON STUDIES MEASURING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. RESULTS: TWENTY-THREE RELEVANT ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING A TOTAL OF 41,607 PARTICIPANTS. FOUR STUDIES FOCUSED ON AGEING AND LONGEVITY, 11 ON AGE-RELATED DISEASE (CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND DEMENTIA), AND 11 ON MORTALITY. THERE WAS SOME, ALTHOUGH INCONSISTENT, EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND RISK OF DISEASE. META-ANALYSES INDICATED THAT EACH 5-YEAR INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION AGE WAS ASSOCIATED AN 8 TO 15% INCREASED RISK OF MORTALITY. CONCLUSION: DUE TO THE SMALL NUMBER OF STUDIES AND HETEROGENEITY IN STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOMES, THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE AND AGE-RELATED DISEASE AND LONGEVITY IS INCONCLUSIVE. INCREASED EPIGENETIC AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY RISK, BUT POSITIVE PUBLICATION BIAS NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED. FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH DNA METHYLATION AGE CAN BE USED AS A CLINICAL BIOMARKER.	2019	
                                                                                  
7   932  27 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH UNKNOWN CAUSE ACROSS THE GLOBAL SPECTRUM. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: IN THE 1990S, A TYPE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH UNKNOWN CAUSE (CKDU) WAS IDENTIFIED IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND SRI LANKA. PATIENTS LACKED HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, OR OTHER USUAL CAUSES OF KIDNEY FAILURE. AFFECTED PATIENTS ARE PREDOMINANTLY MALE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGED 20-60 YEARS, LIVING IN ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED AREAS WITH POOR ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE. PATIENTS TYPICALLY PRESENT LATE AND PROGRESS TO END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE WITHIN 5 YEARS, RESULTING IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIP FOR FAMILIES, REGIONS, AND COUNTRIES. THIS REVIEW COVERS THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS DISEASE. RECENT FINDINGS: THE PREVALENCE OF CKDU IS INCREASING IN KNOWN ENDEMIC REGIONS AND ACROSS THE GLOBE, REACHING EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS. THERE IS PRIMARY TUBULOINTERSTITIAL INJURY WITH SECONDARY GLOMERULAR AND VASCULAR SCLEROSIS. NO DEFINITIVE ETIOLOGIC FACTORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THESE MAY VARY OR OVERLAP IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS. THE LEADING HYPOTHESES INCLUDE EXPOSURE TO AGROCHEMICALS, HEAVY METALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS, AND KIDNEY INJURY FROM DEHYDRATION/HEAT STRESS. INFECTIONS AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS MAY PLAY A ROLE, BUT ARE LIKELY NOT KEY. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE BEGINNING TO BE EXPLORED. SUMMARY: CKDU IS A LEADING CAUSE OF PREMATURE DEATH IN YOUNG-TO-MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS IN ENDEMIC REGIONS AND HAS BECOME A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS. STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY TO INVESTIGATE CLINICAL, EXPOSOME, AND OMICS FACTORS, AND HOPEFULLY WILL PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS RESULTING IN BIOMARKER DISCOVERY, PREVENTIVE MEASURES, AND THERAPEUTICS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8   455  42 APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: YOGA IS WELL-THOUGHT-OUT AS AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH GLOBALLY AND CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN CLINICAL CARE AS AN INTEGRATIVE OR ALTERNATE APPROACH TO REGULAR TREATMENT. YOGA EXERCISE HAS BEEN DISCLOSED TO INFLUENCE REMISSION FROM CANCER CELLS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND ALSO REVERSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ONCOLOGY PATIENTS ARE SCARCE, HENCE THE NEED FOR A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. HENCE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONDUCT A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY. METHODS: THE REVIEW METHODOLOGY WAS INFORMED BY JOANNA BRIGG'S INSTITUTE GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEWS, AND THE REVIEW WAS REPORTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS. TEN DATABASES WERE SEARCHED. THE RECORDS OF ALL THE LITERATURE RETRIEVED FROM THE SEARCH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE RAYYAN SOFTWARE FOR DEDUPLICATION. AFTER THE FULL-TEXT SCREENING, ONLY TWO WERE FOUND ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION IN THE SCOPING REVIEW. DATA OBTAINED IN THE INCLUDED LITERATURE WERE EXTRACTED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THIS REVIEW FOUND THAT YOGA WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG ORAL CANCER PATIENTS (P-VALUES > 0.04). HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT YOGA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED ANXIETY, SALIVA STICKINESS, AND EPISODES OF FALLING ILL (P-VALUES < 0.05) WHILE IT IMPROVED MENTAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING, AND HEAD AND NECK PAIN OF THOSE ORAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED IT (P-VALUES < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE CARE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS NONPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS YOGA COULD HELP TO REDUCE CARE COST WHILE IMPROVING CARE OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS. HENCE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CONSIDER YOGA ALONG WITH ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS, AND WE RECOMMEND GRADUAL INCORPORATION OF YOGA INTO ORAL CANCER CARE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
9  5882  45 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10  3881  45 KETOGENIC DIETS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: A SCOPING REVIEW OF NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOMES FROM NUTRITIONAL KETOSIS IN ANIMAL STUDIES. OBJECTIVES: KETOGENIC DIETS HAVE REPORTED EFFICACY FOR NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS; HOWEVER, THERE ARE LIMITED PUBLISHED HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH NUTRITIONAL KETOSIS PRODUCES THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE ANIMAL MODELS THAT REPORT VARIATIONS IN NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION BY CHANGING FROM A STANDARD ANIMAL DIET TO A KETOGENIC DIET, SYNTHESISE THESE INTO BROAD THEMES, AND COMPARE THESE WITH MECHANISMS REPORTED AS TARGETS IN PAIN NEUROSCIENCE TO INFORM HUMAN CHRONIC PAIN TRIALS. METHODS: AN ELECTRONIC SEARCH OF SEVEN DATABASES WAS CONDUCTED IN JULY 2020. TWO INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS SCREENED STUDIES FOR ELIGIBILITY, AND DESCRIPTIVE OUTCOMES RELATING TO NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION WERE EXTRACTED FOR A THEMATIC ANALYSIS, THEN SYNTHESISED INTO BROAD THEMES. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 170 STUDIES FROM EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT DISEASE MODELS WERE IDENTIFIED AND GROUPED INTO FOURTEEN BROAD THEMES: ALTERATIONS IN CELLULAR ENERGETICS AND METABOLISM, BIOCHEMICAL, CORTICAL EXCITABILITY, EPIGENETIC REGULATION, MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, NEUROINFLAMMATION, NEUROPLASTICITY, NEUROPROTECTION, NEUROTRANSMITTER FUNCTION, NOCICEPTION, REDOX BALANCE, SIGNALLING PATHWAYS, SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND VASCULAR SUPPLY. DISCUSSION: THE MECHANISMS PRESENTED CENTRED AROUND THE REDUCTION OF INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS AS WELL AS A REDUCTION IN NERVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY. GIVEN THE MULTIPLE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS PRESENTED, IT IS LIKELY THAT MANY OF THESE ARE INVOLVED SYNERGISTICALLY AND UNDERGO ADAPTIVE PROCESSES WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY, AND CONTROLLED ANIMAL MODELS THAT LIMIT THE INVESTIGATION TO A PARTICULAR PATHWAY IN ISOLATION MAY REACH DIFFERING CONCLUSIONS. ATTENTION IS REQUIRED WHEN TRANSLATING THIS INFORMATION TO HUMAN CHRONIC PAIN POPULATIONS OWING TO THE LIMITATIONS OUTLINED FROM THE ANIMAL RESEARCH.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11  5395  34 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12   247  35 ADULTHOOD ASTHMA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED GENES. THERE IS AN ACCUMULATING DATA THAT SHOWS RELATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES THAT IN TURN GIVE RISE TO THESE DISEASES. ASTHMA IS ONE OF THE CHRONIC DISEASES THAT IS INFLUENCED FROM GENETIC REGULATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY BIOMOLECULES AND THEREFORE THE HYPOTHESIS IN THIS RESEARCH WAS CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY MIGHT HAVE CAUSED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ASTHMA-RELATED GENES IN THE POPULATION WHO HAD CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, THE LITERATURE WAS SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED TO EXTRACT EPIGENETICALLY MODIFIED GENE DATA OF THE ADULTS WHO HAD CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, AND AFFECTED GENES WERE FURTHER EVALUATED FOR THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH ASTHMA. PRISMA GUIDELINES WERE ADOPTED AND PUBMED AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE INCLUDED IN THE SEARCHED DATABASES, TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN ASTHMA-RELATED GENES OF PHYSICALLY, EMOTIONALLY OR SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN. AFTER RETRIEVING A TOTAL OF 5245 ARTICLES, 36 OF THEM WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. SEVERAL GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT, INCREASED INFLAMMATION, OR RESPONSE TO ASTHMA TREATMENT WERE FOUND EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED BY CHILDHOOD TRAUMAS. CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, CAUSING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN DNA, MAY LEAD TO ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT OR INFLUENCE THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR THE PROLONGED HEALTH CONSEQUENCES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  5039  32 PHARMACOGENETICS OF CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT. OBJECTIVE: THE EXPERIENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN IS ONE OF THE COMMONEST REASONS INDIVIDUALS SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION, MAKING THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN A MAJOR ISSUE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. DRUG METABOLISM AND RESPONSES ARE AFFECTED BY MANY FACTORS, WITH GENETIC VARIATIONS OFFERING ONLY A PARTIAL EXPLANATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSE. THERE IS A PAUCITY OF EVIDENCE FOR THE BENEFITS OF PHARMACOGENETIC TESTING IN THE CONTEXT OF PAIN MANAGEMENT. DESIGN AND METHODS: WE REVIEWED THE LITERATURE BETWEEN 2000 AND 2013, AND REFERENCES CITED THEREIN, USING VARIOUS KEYWORDS RELATED TO PAIN MANAGEMENT, PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOGENETICS. RESULTS: OPIOIDS CONTINUE TO BE THE MAINSTAY OF CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT. SEVERAL NON-OPIOID BASED THERAPIES, SUCH AS TREATMENT WITH CANNABINOIDS, GENE THERAPY AND EPIGENETIC-BASED APPROACHES ARE NOW AVAILABLE FOR THESE PATIENTS. ADJUVANT THERAPIES WITH ANTIDEPRESSANTS, BENZODIAZEPINES OR ANTICONVULSANTS CAN ALSO BE USEFUL IN MANAGING PAIN. CURRENTLY, LABORATORY MONITORING OF PAIN MANAGEMENT PATIENTS, IF PERFORMED, IS LARGELY THROUGH URINE DRUG MEASUREMENTS. CONCLUSIONS: DRUG HALF-LIFE CALCULATIONS CAN BE USED AS FUNCTIONAL MARKERS OF THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF PHARMACOGENETICS AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS. ASSESSMENT OF HALF-LIFE AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS MAY BE MORE USEFUL THAN GENETIC TESTING IN PREVENTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS TO PAIN MEDICATIONS, WHILE ENSURING EFFECTIVE ANALGESIA. DEFINITIVE, MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED METHODS, CAPABLE OF MEASURING PARENT DRUG AND METABOLITE LEVELS, ARE THE MOST USEFUL ASSAYS FOR THIS PURPOSE. URINE DRUG MEASUREMENTS DO NOT NECESSARILY CORRELATE WITH SERUM DRUG CONCENTRATIONS OR THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS. THEREFORE, THEY ARE LIMITED IN THEIR USE IN MONITORING EFFICACY AND TOXICITY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14  1221  32 CRITICAL CONNECTIONS AMONG EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND ADULT CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. BACKGROUND: A GAP IN THE LITERATURE EXISTS DEMONSTRATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILD EXPERIENCES (ACES) AS POTENTIAL A PRIORI CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND GASTROINTESTINAL (GI)/GENITOURINARY (GU) DISORDERS. PURPOSE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS WITH A WORKING HYPOTHESIS OF A DOSE-RESPONSIVE RELATIONSHIP EXISTING AMONG THEM. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED USING MEDLINE, CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, PUBMED, AND WEB OF SCIENCE USING SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, OBESITY, GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS, AND SECONDARY SEARCHES OF OBESITY AND SPECIFIC GI/GU DISORDERS (EG, IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, PELVIC PAIN). DUPLICATES AND ARTICLES WITH INAPPROPRIATE FOCUS WERE DISCARDED AFTER REVIEW. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 58 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED. RESEARCH IDENTIFIED SHOWED THAT ACES DO PLAY A ROLE IN ADULT GI AND GU MORBIDITIES IN A DOSE-RESPONSE MANNER, AND SELECTED FACTORS SUCH AS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, RACE, GENDER IDENTITY, AND PHYSIOLOGIC STATE (EG, OBESITY) CONFER HIGHER RISK. RESEARCH ALSO SUGGESTED THAT GENETIC/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE AT PLAY IN DISEASE OCCURRENCE, AND THE IMPACT OF ACES MAY BE MITIGATED WITH POSITIVE LIFE EXPERIENCES. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS IS HETEROGENEOUS, NOTABLY DUE TO WIDE VARIATIONS IN HOW TYPES OF ACES ARE DEFINED AND SCREENING METHODS USED. DESPITE THIS LIMITATION, ASSOCIATIONS ARE DEMONSTRATED. AWARENESS OF A POSSIBLE CORRELATION BETWEEN ACES AND RISK OF GI/GU DISORDERS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE PATIENT CARE, ESPECIALLY THROUGH TRAUMA-INFORMED STRATEGIES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  4607  35 NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT AND DNA METHYLATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK. EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS SUCH AS LIVING IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS HAS BEEN RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD). CHRONIC STRESS MAY INCREASE THE RISK FOR CVD BY INCREASING LEVELS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION (E.G., HIGHER LEVELS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES). DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES IS ALSO RELATED TO HIGHER RISK FOR CVD. THUS, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH DNA METHYLATION. A SEARCH OF LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED USING SCOPUS, CINAHL, PUBMED, MEDLINE, AND EMBASE DATABASES. THE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORHOOD, NEIGHBORHOOD DISORDER, NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME, NEIGHBORHOOD VIOLENCE, NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND HOUSING VACANCY WERE COMBINED WITH THE KEYWORDS DNA METHYLATION AND EPIGENETICS. FIVE STUDIES WERE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW (N = 3 ADULT BLOOD SAMPLES AND N = 2 FETAL BLOOD SAMPLES). FOUR OF THE FIVE STUDIES REPORTED AN ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, AND CRIME WITH EITHER GLOBAL OR GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION. ONLY TWO STUDIES EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. ONE OF THESE STUDIES FOUND A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT WITH DNA METHYLATION IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. THUS, DATA ARE LIMITED ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES, AS WELL AS GENES IN OTHER POTENTIAL MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS INCLUDING PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, TOXIN RESPONSE, AND ADIPOSITY. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE THESE ASSOCIATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE INCREASES THE RISK FOR CVD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16  2510  39 EPIGENETICS AND POSTSURGICAL PAIN: A SCOPING REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: MULTIPLE FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PHYSIOLOGY AND VARIABILITY OF POSTSURGICAL PAIN, A GREAT PART OF WHICH CAN BE EXPLAINED BY GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR INTERACTION. EPIGENETICS REFERS TO THE MECHANISM BY WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT ALTERS THE STABILITY AND EXPRESSION OF GENES. WE CONDUCTED A SCOPING REVIEW TO EXAMINE THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE IN BOTH ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN. METHODS: THE ARKSEY AND O'MALLEY FRAMEWORK AND THE PRISMA-SCR (PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS, SCOPING REVIEWS EXTENSION) GUIDELINES WERE USED. THE PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR DATABASES WERE SEARCHED, AND THE ORIGINAL ARTICLES CITED IN REVIEWS LOCATED THROUGH THE SEARCH WERE ALSO REVIEWED. ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WITHOUT TIME LIMITS WERE RETRIEVED. ARTICLES WERE SELECTED IF THE ABSTRACT ADDRESSED INFORMATION ON THE EPIGENETIC OR EPIGENOMIC MECHANISMS, HISTONE, OR DNA METHYLATION AND MICRORIBONUCLEIC ACIDS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES. RESULTS: THE INITIAL SEARCH PROVIDED 174 ARTICLES, AND 95 WERE USED. THE AVAILABLE STUDIES TO DATE, MOSTLY IN ANIMAL MODELS, HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETICS CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND IN MAINTAINING LONG-TERM PAIN. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN HUMANS IS SCARCE. IN VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE AVAILABLE IN ANIMAL MODELS, THERE IS A NEED TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC PAIN MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN AND CLINICAL STUDIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17  1058  27 CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY, DEPRESSION, OR ANXIETY. PURPOSE: SUSTAINED HIGH STRESS EXPOSURE RESULTS IN CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM, DYSREGULATED STRESS RESPONSES, HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, AND POOR LATER-LIFE HEALTH. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS FACE STRESSORS RELATED TO THEIR CONDITION IN ADDITION TO THOSE TYPICAL OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, PLACING THEM AT RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECONDARY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE WHETHER YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS DIFFER FROM CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TWO DATASETS, THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD OF A TERTIARY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND DATA FROM THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN, COMPARED YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS TO CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES EXPLORED WHETHER PARENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCED THESE RELATIONSHIPS. RESULTS: ANALYSES IDENTIFIED DIFFERENCES IN BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE BETWEEN YOUTH WITH FOOD ALLERGY, ANXIETY, OR DEPRESSION, AND CONTROLS. THESE RELATIONSHIPS DIFFERED FOR MALES AND FEMALES AND FOR THOSE WITH COMORBID MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, AND WERE INFLUENCED BY PARENT STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS SUPPORT FUTURE STUDIES EXPLORING WHETHER HIGH STRESS IN YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS LEADS TO INCREASED ALLOSTATIC LOAD. INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS WILL PROVIDE CRITICAL INSIGHTS. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: YOUTH WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CHCS MAY BE AT INCREASED RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, REFLECTED IN CLINICAL MEASURES OF METABOLISM, AND SHOULD HAVE REGULAR ASSESSMENTS OF THEIR METABOLIC HEALTH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  1998  47 EPIGENETIC AND MIRNA EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PEOPLE WITH PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY HOLD GREAT POTENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF PAIN. WE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED THE LITERATURE EXPLORING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN PEOPLE WITH PAIN. FOUR DATABASES HAVE BEEN INTERROGATED: MEDLINE, THE COCHRANE CENTRAL REGISTER OF CONTROLLED TRIAL, SCOPUS, AND WEB OF SCIENCE, FOLLOWING PRISMA GUIDELINES IN CONDUCTING STUDY SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT. THIRTY-SEVEN STUDIES WERE INCLUDED. STUDIES EXPLORED EPIGENETICS IN CONDITIONS SUCH AS FIBROMYALGIA, CRPS, NEUROPATHIES, OR OSTEOARTHRITIS. RESEARCH FOCUSSED ON GENOME-WIDE AND GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION, AND MIRNA EXPRESSION. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES EXPLORING MIRNA-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WERE ALSO PERFORMED. SEVERAL GENES ALREADY KNOWN FOR THEIR ROLE IN PAIN (BDNF, HDAC4, PRKG1, IL-17, TNFRSF13B, ETC.), AND SEVERAL MIRNAS LINKED TO INFLAMMATORY REGULATION, NOCICEPTIVE SIGNALLING AND PROTEIN KINASES FUNCTIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND TO DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC PAIN AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. ALTHOUGH THE STUDIES INCLUDED WERE CROSS-SECTIONAL IN NATURE, AND NO CONCLUSION ON CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND PAIN COULD BE DRAWN, WE SUMMARISED THE LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA AVAILABLE IN LITERATURE ON THE TOPIC, HIGHLIGHTING RESULTS THAT HAVE BEEN REPLICATED BY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATIONS. THE FIELD OF PAIN EPIGENETICS APPEARS VERY EXCITING AND HAS ALL THE POTENTIAL TO LEAD TO REMARKABLE SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES. HOWEVER, HIGH-QUALITY, WELL-POWERED, LONGITUDINAL STUDIES ARE WARRANTED. PERSPECTIVE: THOUGH MORE HIGH-QUALITY RESEARCH IS NEEDED, AVAILABLE RESEARCH EXPLORING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OR MIRNAS IN PEOPLE WITH PAIN SHOWS THAT GENES REGULATING SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND EXCITABILITY, PROTEIN KINASES, AND ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MIGHT HOLD GREAT POTENTIAL IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19  2715  33 EXERCISE-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND THEIR POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON CANCER: A SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. AIM: TO REVIEW AND DISCUSS THE AVAILABLE INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE REGARDING THE INDIRECT AND DIRECT BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS THAT OCCUR AFTER EXERCISE, WHICH COULD POSITIVELY, OR NEGATIVELY, INFLUENCE ONCOGENIC PATHWAYS. METHODS: THE PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE AND COCHRANE LIBRARIES WERE SEARCHED FOR PAPERS UP TO JULY 2016 ADDRESSING BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AFTER EXERCISE WITH A PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CANCER. THE THREE AUTHORS INDEPENDENTLY ASSESSED THEIR APPROPRIATENESS FOR INCLUSION IN THIS REVIEW BASED ON THEIR SCIENTIFIC QUALITY AND RELEVANCE. RESULTS: 168 PAPERS WERE SELECTED AND CATEGORISED INTO INDIRECT AND DIRECT BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS. THE INDIRECT EFFECTS INCLUDED CHANGES IN VITAMIN D, WEIGHT REDUCTION, SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE AND IMPROVED MOOD. THE DIRECT EFFECTS INCLUDED INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA REPAIR, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT PATHWAYS, HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS, TESTOSTERONE, IRISIN, IMMUNITY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND PROSTAGLANDINS, ENERGY METABOLISM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. SUMMARY: EXERCISE IS ONE OF SEVERAL LIFESTYLE FACTORS KNOWN TO LOWER THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RELAPSE RATES AND BETTER SURVIVAL. THIS REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE NUMEROUS BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES, WHICH EXPLAIN THESE POTENTIAL ANTICANCER BENEFITS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20  6316  38 THE RELEVANCE OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATION IN PERIODONTITIS: A SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND: PERIODONTITIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE INVOLVING AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN BACTERIA, INFLAMMATION, HOST RESPONSE GENES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE MANIFESTATION OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS DURING PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS AND PERIODONTAL INFLAMMATION IS STILL NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD, WITH LIMITED REVIEWS ON HISTONE MODIFICATION WITH PERIODONTITIS MANAGEMENT. THIS SCOPING REVIEW AIMS TO EVALUATE CURRENT EVIDENCE OF GLOBAL AND SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATION IN PERIODONTITIS AND DISCUSS THE GAPS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE. METHODS: A SCOPING LITERATURE SEARCH OF THREE ELECTRONIC DATABASES WAS PERFORMED IN SCOPUS, MEDLINE (PUBMED) AND EMBASE. AS EPIGENETICS IN PERIODONTITIS IS AN EMERGING RESEARCH FIELD, A SCOPING REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY THE EXTENT OF STUDIES AVAILABLE AND DESCRIBE THE OVERALL CONTEXT AND APPLICABILITY OF THESE RESULTS. RESULTS: OVERALL, 30 STUDIES WERE EVALUATED, AND THE FINDINGS CONFIRMED THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN PERIODONTITIS COMPRISE SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND HISTONE PROTEINS MODIFICATION, WHICH CAN EITHER DAMPEN OR PROMOTE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO BACTERIAL CHALLENGE. CONCLUSIONS: THE PLASTICITY OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED EPI-DRUGS AND DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN PERIODONTITIS. SUCH ADVANCES COULD BE INVALUABLE FOR THE EARLY DETECTION AND MONITORING OF SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS.	2022