1  5260 157 PROGRESSIVE OSSEOUS HETEROPLASIA, AS AN ISOLATED ENTITY OR OVERLAPPING WITH ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY. INTRODUCTION: PROGRESSIVE OSSEOUS HETEROPLASIA (POH) IS A CONDITION OF INVASIVE HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. REPORTS OF PATIENTS WITH MILD POH WITH ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY (AHO), SPECIFICALLY PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE IA (PHP IA) WITH HORMONAL RESISTANCE, SUGGEST THE POSSIBILITY OF A COMMON MOLECULAR BASIS. GNAS HAS BEEN IMPLICATED TO ACCOUNT FOR OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF POH AND PHP IA. CASE 1: A 4-YEAR-OLD BOY WITH OBESITY, SPEECH DELAY, AND EXPANDING SUBCUTANEOUS MASSES ON BUTTOCK/FOREARM. PHYSICAL EXAM REVEALED ROUND FACIES AND BRACHYDACTYLY. BLOOD TESTS SHOWED NORMAL CA, P, MG, 25-OH VITAMIN D LEVELS BUT ELEVATED PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH). ABDOMINAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SHOWED AREAS WITH CALCIFICATIONS IN THE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, FAT, AND MUSCLE. PATHOLOGY OF EXCISED TISSUE REVEALED OSSIFICATIONS. GENOMIC STUDY REVEALED NO GNAS MUTATION. HE HAD POH AND PHP IA. CASE 2: A 3-YEAR-OLD BOY WITH PAINFUL OSSIFICATIONS IN THE LEFT LOWER EXTREMITY. LAB TESTS WERE NOTABLE FOR ELEVATED PTH AND HIGH-NORMAL TSH. THE CT-SCAN SHOWED SUBCUTANEOUS/INTRAMUSCULAR CALCIFICATIONS. GENETIC TESTING SHOWED GNAS MUTATION IN EXON 12 [C.1024C>T (R342X)]. PATIENT HAD POH AND PHP IA. CASE 3: A 9-YEAR-OLD BOY WITH KNEE PAIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS OSSIFICATIONS IN BACK AND UPPER/LOWER EXTREMITY, CAUSING SIGNIFICANTLY LIMITED JOINT MOBILITY. LAB TESTS WERE NORMAL. THE CT-SCAN SHOWED AREAS CORRESPONDING TO SUBCUTANEOUS/INTRAMUSCULAR OSSIFICATIONS THROUGHOUT TORSO AND EXTREMITIES, CONSISTENT WITH POH. THERE WAS NO GNAS MUTATION. CONCLUSIONS: PATIENTS WITH HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATIONS PRESENT WITH A WIDE SPECTRUM OF DISEASE. ALTHOUGH GNAS-BASED MUTATIONS HAVE BEEN POSTULATED TO ACCOUNT FOR OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF AHO AND POH, NORMAL DNA STUDIES IN CERTAIN PATIENTS WITH POH/AHO SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY EXIST OTHER MOLECULAR/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS EXPLAINING THEIR OVERLAPPING FEATURES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2  4706  25 NMP4/CIZ CLOSES THE PARATHYROID HORMONE ANABOLIC WINDOW. CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE DISEASES ARE INCREASING WITH THE AGING U.S. POPULATION. ONE CONSEQUENCE OF THIS PHENOMENON IS THE NEED FOR LONG-TERM OSTEOPOROSIS THERAPIES. PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH), THE ONLY FDA-APPROVED TREATMENT THAT ADDS BONE TO THE AGED SKELETON, LOSES ITS POTENCY WITHIN TWO YEARS OF INITIAL TREATMENT BUT THE MECHANISM REGULATING ITS LIMITED "ANABOLIC WINDOW" IS UNKNOWN. WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT DISABLING THE NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC SHUTTLING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NUCLEAR MATRIX PROTEIN 4/CAS INTERACTING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN (NMP4/CIZ) IN MICE EXTENDS THE PTH BONE-FORMING CAPACITY. NMP4 WAS DISCOVERED DURING OUR SEARCH FOR NUCLEAR MATRIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT COUPLE THIS HORMONE'S IMPACT ON OSTEOBLAST CYTOSKELETAL AND NUCLEAR ORGANIZATION WITH ITS ANABOLIC CAPACITY. CIZ WAS INDEPENDENTLY DISCOVERED AS A PROTEIN THAT ASSOCIATES WITH THE FOCAL ADHESION-ASSOCIATED MECHANOSENSOR P130CAS. THE NMP4/CIZ-KNOCKOUT (KO) SKELETAL PHENOTYPE EXHIBITS A MODESTLY ENHANCED BONE MINERAL DENSITY BUT MANIFESTS AN EXAGGERATED RESPONSE TO BOTH PTH AND TO BMP2 AND IS RESISTANT TO DISUSE-INDUCED BONE LOSS. THE CELLULAR BASIS OF THE GLOBAL NMP4/CIZ-KO SKELETAL PHENOTYPE REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED BUT MAY INVOLVE AN EXPANSION OF THE BONE MARROW OSTEOPROGENITOR POPULATION ALONG WITH MODESTLY ENHANCED OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITIES SUPPORTING ANABOLIC BONE TURNOVER. AS A SHUTTLING CYS(2)HIS(2) ZINC FINGER PROTEIN, NMP4/CIZ ACTS AS A REPRESSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PERHAPS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC REMODELING COMPLEXES, BUT THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ITS INTERACTION WITH P130CAS IS NOT KNOWN. DESPITE NUMEROUS REMAINING QUESTIONS, NMP4/CIZ PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO HOW THE ANABOLIC WINDOW IS REGULATED, AND ITSELF MAY PROVIDE AN ADJUVANT THERAPY TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS BY EXTENDING PTH ANABOLIC EFFICACY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  4491  32 MONOSOMY 7 MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, TYPE 1: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS. LOSS OF CONSTITUTIONAL HETEROZYGOSITY IS A COMMON MOLECULAR FEATURE OF CANCERS IN WHICH INACTIVATION OF ONE OR MORE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS THOUGHT TO CONTRIBUTE TO TUMORIGENESIS. RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE GENE RESPONSIBLE FOR NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, TYPE 1 (NF-1), BELONGS TO THIS CLASS OF HERITABLE CANCER GENES. CHILDREN WITH NF-1 SHOW AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF MYELOID LEUKEMIA, INCLUDING JUVENILE CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (JCML) AND, PERHAPS, THE MYELOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROME (MPS) ASSOCIATED WITH BONE MARROW MONOSOMY 7 (MO 7). WE HAVE INVESTIGATED FIVE CHILDREN WITH MO 7: THREE WITH NF-1 AND TWO OTHERS WITH SUGGESTIVE EVIDENCE OF NF-1. SOUTHERN BLOTTING EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED IN FOUR PATIENTS SHOWED NO LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY IN BONE MARROW SPECIMENS USING PROBES LINKED TO THE NF-1 LOCUS ON THE LONG ARM OF CHROMOSOME 17. BOTH OF OUR PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL NF-1 INHERITED THE DISEASE FROM THEIR MOTHERS, AS DID 14 OF 19 OTHER CASES OF MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH FAMILIAL NF-1. SEVENTEEN OF THESE 21 CHILDREN WERE BOYS. MYELOID LEUKEMIA DEVELOPED IN 12 BOYS AND FOUR GIRLS WHO INHERITED NF-1 FROM THEIR MOTHERS, AND IN FIVE BOYS WHO INHERITED THE DISEASE FROM THEIR FATHERS. FATHER-TO-DAUGHTER TRANSMISSION WAS NOT OBSERVED. TAKEN TOGETHER, THE PRESENCE OF CHROMOSOME 7 DELETIONS IN THE LEUKEMIAS OF CHILDREN WITH NF-1, A PATTERN OF INHERITANCE FAVORING MATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF NF-1, AND THE MARKED PREDILECTION FOR BOYS TO DEVELOP JCML AND MO 7 SUGGEST A MULTISTEP MECHANISM OF ONCOGENESIS IN WHICH EPIGENETIC FACTORS MIGHT PLAY A ROLE. FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS REQUIRED TO DETERMINE IF THE NF-1 GENES IN THE LEUKEMIC BONE MARROWS OF THESE PATIENTS HAVE ACQUIRED POINT MUTATIONS OR SMALL DELETIONS.	1992	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  3877  21 KDM6A PROMOTES IMATINIB RESISTANCE THROUGH YY1-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL UPREGULATION OF TRKA INDEPENDENTLY OF ITS DEMETHYLASE ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA. RATIONALE: DESPITE LANDMARK THERAPY OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML) WITH TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS (TKIS), DRUG RESISTANCE REMAINS PROBLEMATIC. CANCER PATHOGENESIS INVOLVES EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AND IN PARTICULAR, HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES (KDMS) HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN TKI RESISTANCE. WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY KDMS WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION IN CML AND DEFINE THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO IMATINIB RESISTANCE. METHODS: BIOINFORMATICS SCREENING COMPARED KDM EXPRESSION IN CML VERSUS NORMAL BONE MARROW WITH SHRNA KNOCKDOWN AND FLOW CYTOMETRY USED TO MEASURE EFFECTS ON IMATINIB-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN K562 CELLS. TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED AGAINST KDM6A CRISPR KNOCKOUT/SHRNA KNOCKDOWN K562 CELLS ALONG WITH GENE RESCUE EXPERIMENTS USING WILDTYPE AND MUTANT DEMETHYLASE-DEAD KDM6A CONSTRUCTS. CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, LUCIFERASE REPORTER AND CHIP WERE EMPLOYED TO ELUCIDATE MECHANISMS OF KDM6A-DEPENDENT RESISTANCE. RESULTS: AMONGST FIVE KDMS UPREGULATED IN CML, ONLY KDM6A DEPLETION SENSITIZED CML CELLS TO IMATINIB-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. RE-INTRODUCTION OF DEMETHYLASE-DEAD KDM6A AS WELL AS WILD-TYPE KDM6A RESTORED IMATINIB RESISTANCE. RNA-SEQ IDENTIFIED NTRK1 GENE DOWNREGULATION AFTER DEPLETION OF KDM6A. MOREOVER, NTRK1 EXPRESSION POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH KDM6A IN A SUBSET OF CLINICAL CML SAMPLES AND KDM6A KNOCKDOWN IN FRESH CML ISOLATES DECREASED NTRK1 ENCODED PROTEIN (TRKA) EXPRESSION. MECHANISTICALLY, KDM6A WAS RECRUITED TO THE NTRK1 PROMOTER BY THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YY1 WITH SUBSEQUENT TRKA UPREGULATION ACTIVATING DOWN-STREAM SURVIVAL PATHWAYS TO INVOKE IMATINIB RESISTANCE. CONCLUSION: CONTRARY TO ITS REPORTED ROLE AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR AND INDEPENDENT OF ITS DEMETHYLASE FUNCTION, KDM6A PROMOTES IMATINIB-RESISTANCE IN CML CELLS. THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE KDM6A/YY1/TRKA AXIS AS A NOVEL IMATINIB-RESISTANCE MECHANISM REPRESENTS AN UNEXPLORED AVENUE TO OVERCOME TKI RESISTANCE IN CML.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5   960  22 CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: 2016 UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS, RISK STRATIFICATION, AND MANAGEMENT. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) IS A CLONAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS. DIAGNOSIS IS BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF PERSISTENT (>3 MONTHS) PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS (>1 X 10(9) /L), ALONG WITH BONE MARROW DYSPLASIA. CLONAL CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES OCCUR IN APPROXIMATELY 20-30% OF PATIENTS, WHILE >90% HAVE GENE MUTATIONS. MUTATIONS INVOLVING TET2 ( APPROXIMATELY 60%), SRSF2 ( APPROXIMATELY 50%), ASXL1 ( APPROXIMATELY 40%), AND RAS ( APPROXIMATELY 30%) ARE FREQUENT; WITH ONLY ASXL1 MUTATIONS NEGATIVELY IMPACTING OVERALL SURVIVAL. TWO MOLECULARLY INTEGRATED, CMML-SPECIFIC PROGNOSTIC MODELS INCLUDE; THE GROUPE FRANCAIS DES MYELODYSPLASIES (GFM) AND THE MOLECULAR MAYO MODEL (MMM). THE GFM MODEL SEGREGATES PATIENTS INTO 3 GROUPS BASED ON: AGE >65 YEARS, WBC >15 X 10(9) /L, ANEMIA, PLATELETS <100 X 10(9) /L, AND ASXL1 MUTATION STATUS, WITH RESPECTIVE MEDIAN SURVIVALS OF 56 (LOW), 27.4 (INTERMEDIATE), AND 9.2 (HIGH) MONTHS. THE MMM IS BASED ON ASXL1 MUTATIONAL STATUS, ABSOLUTE MONOCYTE COUNT >10 X 10(9) /L, HEMOGLOBIN <10 G/DL, PLATELETS <100 X 109/L AND CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS. THIS MODEL STRATIFIES PATIENTS INTO FOUR GROUPS; HIGH (>/=3 RISK FACTORS), INTERMEDIATE-2 (2 RISK FACTORS), INTERMEDIATE-1 (1 RISK FACTOR) AND LOW (NO RISK FACTORS), WITH MEDIAN SURVIVALS OF 16, 31, 59, AND 97 MONTHS, RESPECTIVELY. HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS SUCH AS 5-AZACITIDINE AND DECITABINE ARE COMMONLY USED, WITH OVERALL RESPONSE RATES OF APPROXIMATELY 30-40% AND COMPLETE REMISSION RATES OF APPROXIMATELY 7-17%. ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT IS THE ONLY POTENTIALLY CURATIVE OPTION, BUT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPY, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS AND SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS, ARE EXCITING PROSPECTS. AM. J. HEMATOL. 91:632-642, 2016. (C) 2016 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  4562  20 MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM OVERLAP SYNDROMES: A FOCUSED REVIEW. MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS)/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM (MPN) OVERLAP SYNDROMES ARE UNIQUE MYELOID NEOPLASMS, WITH OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF MDS AND MPN. THEY CONSIST OF FOUR ADULT ONSET ENTITIES INCLUDING CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), MDS/MPN-RING SIDEROBLASTS-THROMBOCYTOSIS (MDS/MPN-RS-T), BCR-ABL1 NEGATIVE ATYPICAL CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (ACML) AND MDS/MPN-UNCLASSIFIABLE (MDS/MPN-U); WITH JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (JMML) BEING THE ONLY PEDIATRIC ONSET ENTITY. AMONG THESE OVERLAP NEOPLASMS, CMML IS THE MOST FREQUENT AND IS HALLMARKED BY THE PRESENCE OF SUSTAINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS WITH RECURRENT MUTATIONS INVOLVING TET2 (60%), SRSF2 (50%) AND ASXL1 (40%); WITH RAS PATHWAY MUTATIONS AND JAK2V617F BEING RELATIVELY ENRICHED IN PROLIFERATIVE CMML SUBTYPES (WBC >/=13 X 109/L). CMML USUALLY PRESENTS IN THE 7TH DECADE OF LIFE, WITH A MALE PREPONDERANCE AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL OF <36 MONTHS. ADVERSE PROGNOSTICATORS IN CMML INCLUDE INCREASING AGE, HIGH WBC, PRESENCE OF CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS, ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND TRUNCATING ASXL1 MUTATIONS. WHILE ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION REMAINS THE ONLY CURATIVE OPTION, GIVEN THE LATE ONSET OF THIS NEOPLASM AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF COMORBIDITIES, MOST PATIENTS REMAIN INELIGIBLE. HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS SUCH AS AZACITIDINE, DECITABINE AND ORAL DECITABINE/CEDAZURIDINE HAVE BEEN US FDA APPROVED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CMML, WITH OVERALL RESPONSE RATES OF 40-50% AND COMPLETE REMISSION RATES OF <20%. WHILE THESE AGENTS EPIGENETICALLY RESTORE HEMATOPOIESIS IN A SUBSET OF RESPONDING PATIENTS, THEY DO NOT IMPACT MUTATIONAL ALLELE BURDENS AND EVENTUAL DISEASE PROGRESSION TO AML REMAINS INEVITABLE. NEWER TREATMENT MODALITIES EXPLOITING EPIGENETIC, SIGNALING AND SPLICING ABNORMALITIES COMMONLY SEEN IN CMML ARE MUCH NEEDED.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  2960  21 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN THE EVALUATION OF PANCREATIC MASSES. BACKGROUND: METHYLATION MARKERS HAVE SHOWN PROMISE IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PANCREATIC CARCINOMA. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ASSESS THE DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF CANDIDATE GENES IN COMBINATION WITH KRAS MUTATION DETECTION IN THE EVALUATION OF PANCREATIC MASSES. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: SIXTY-ONE FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATES OF PANCREATIC MASSES (43 PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMAS AND 18 CHRONIC PANCREATITIS) WERE STUDIED. METHYLATION STATUS OF HRH2, EN1, SPARC, CDH13 AND APC WERE ANALYSED USING MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS AFTER DNA BISULFITE TREATMENT. KRAS MUTATIONS WERE ALSO ANALYSED. RESULTS: THE METHYLATION PANEL HAD A SENSITIVITY OF 73% (27 OF 37, CI 95% 56 TO 86%) AND A SPECIFICITY OF 100% WHENEVER TWO OR MORE PROMOTERS WERE FOUND HYPERMETHYLATED. KRAS MUTATIONS SHOWED A SENSITIVITY OF 77% (33 OF 43, CI 95% 62 TO 88%) AND A SPECIFICITY OF 100%. BOTH MOLECULAR ANALYSES ADDED USEFUL INFORMATION TO CYTOLOGY BY INCREASING THE NUMBER OF INFORMATIVE CASES. WHEN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ANALYSES WERE COMBINED SENSITIVITY WAS 84% (36 OF 43 CI 95% 69 TO 93%) MAINTAINING A 100% SPECIFICITY. CONCLUSIONS: ANALYSIS OF HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF A PANEL OF GENES AND KRAS MUTATION DETECTION OFFER A SIMILAR DIAGNOSTIC YIELD IN THE EVALUATION OF PANCREATIC MASSES. THE COMBINED MOLECULAR ANALYSIS INCREASES THE NUMBER OF INFORMATIVE CASES WITHOUT DIMINISHING SPECIFICITY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8  3850  32 IS GENDER A FACTOR AFFECTING LONG-TERM HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE AFTER SINGLE-LEVEL CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY? BACKGROUND: CERVICAL DISC DISEASES HAVE BEEN TREATED BY CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (CDA). NEVERTHELESS, SOME PATIENTS WILL EXPERIENCE A MOBILITY FAILURE IN THEIR CERVICAL PROSTHESES OVER TIME BECAUSE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER CDA. METHODS: A RETROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER STUDY OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WITH A BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS WAS PERFORMED, INCLUDING A NARRATIVE REVIEW ABOUT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BOTH STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE. RESULTS: STUDY PATIENTS (14 MEN, 30 WOMEN) HAD AN AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP OF 9.8 +/- 3.2 YEARS. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EMERGED BETWEEN GENDERS FOR SPECIFIC ITEMS IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, WITH WOMEN REPORTING WORSE PAIN SCORES (P = 0.05). AFTER STRATIFICATION BY AGE, WE FOUND A HIGHER PREOPERATIVE OVERALL NECK DISABILITY INDEX SCORE FOR FEMALE PATIENTS <36 YEARS OF AGE (P = 0.03). IN AN INTERGENDER, BODY MASS INDEX-SPECIFIC COMPARISON, WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE SCORE WITH NORMAL-WEIGHT MALE PATIENTS FARING WORSE THAN OVERWEIGHT MALE PATIENTS (P = 0.05). AT A RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WE FOUND A TENDENCY TOWARD A HIGHER HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE IN MALE PATIENTS (62% IN MEN, 17% IN WOMEN, P = 0.06). THE FEMALE CERVICAL SPINE HAS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, INCLUDING BONE STRUCTURE, MUSCULAR ACTION, SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONCLUSIONS: THE INCIDENCE OF MOBILITY FAILURE IN OUR SERIES OF SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WAS LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SEVERAL GENDER-SPECIFIC FACTORS BOTH IN STATIC AND IN DYNAMIC FEATURES MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SPINAL PATHOLOGY AND CDA LONG-TERM RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  4913  29 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10  3871  18 JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA - A BONA FIDE RASOPATHY SYNDROME. JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (JMML) IS A PEDIATRIC MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM OVERLAP SYNDROME WITH SUSTAINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS, AGGRESSIVE FEATURES, AND POOR OUTCOMES. IN >90% OF CASES JMML IS DRIVEN BY GERMLINE OR SOMATIC MUTATIONS INVOLVING THE CANONICAL RAS PATHWAY (PTPN11, NRAS, CBL, KRAS AND NF1), WITH SOMATIC MUTATIONS/ALTERATIONS IN RAS PATHWAY GENES (SECOND HIT), SETBP1, ASXL1 AND JAK3 RESULTING IN DISEASE PROGRESSION. WHILE SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION HAS BEEN SEEN IN GERMLINE PTPN11 AND CBL MUTANT JMML, IN MOST PATIENTS, ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT IS THE ONLY CURATIVE MODALITY. JMML SHARES SEVERAL PHENOTYPIC FEATURES WITH ITS ADULT COUNTERPART PROLIFERATIVE, CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (PCMML). PCMML LARGELY OCCURS DUE TO RAS PATHWAY MUTATIONS THAT OCCUR IN THE CONTEXT OF AGE RELATED CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS (TET2, SRSF2, ASXL1), WHILE JMML IS A BONA FIDE RASOPATHY, WITH ADDITIONAL SOMATIC MUTATIONS, INCLUDING IN EPIGENETIC REGULATORS GENES RESULTING IN DISEASE PROGRESSION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11  1653  33 DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER KNOCKOUT RATS DISPLAY EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN RESPONSE TO COCAINE EXPOSURE. (1) BACKGROUND: THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR COCAINE USE DISORDER (CUD), AND NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TARGETING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS APPEAR TO BE PROMISING OPTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF THIS DISEASE. DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT) TRANSGENIC RATS RECENTLY HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS A NEW ANIMAL MODEL FOR STUDYING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CUD. (2) METHODS: DAT TRANSGENIC RATS WERE TREATED CHRONICALLY WITH COCAINE (10 MG/KG) FOR 8 DAYS, AND THE EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MODULATORS, LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 6B (KDM6B) AND BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4 (BRD4), WAS EXAMINED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). (3) RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT ONLY FULL KNOCKOUT (KO) OF DAT IMPACTS BASAL LEVELS OF KDM6B IN FEMALES. ADDITIONALLY, COCAINE ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF BOTH EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN A SEX- AND GENOTYPE-DEPENDENT MANNER. IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE, KDM6B EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN MALE RATS WITH PARTIAL DAT MUTATION (HET), WHILE NO CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN WILD-TYPE (WT) OR KO RATS. INDEED, WHILE HET MALE RATS HAVE REDUCED KDM6B AND BRD4 EXPRESSION, HET FEMALE RATS SHOWED INCREASED KDM6B AND BRD4 EXPRESSION LEVELS, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPACT OF SEX ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN RESPONSE TO COCAINE. FINALLY, BOTH MALE AND FEMALE KO RATS SHOWED INCREASED EXPRESSION OF BRD4, BUT ONLY KO FEMALES EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED KDM6B EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO COCAINE. ADDITIONALLY, THE MAGNITUDE OF THESE EFFECTS WAS BIGGER IN FEMALES WHEN COMPARED TO MALES FOR BOTH EPIGENETIC ENZYMES. (4) CONCLUSIONS: THIS PRELIMINARY STUDY PROVIDES ADDITIONAL SUPPORT THAT TARGETING KDM6B AND/OR BRD4 MAY POTENTIALLY BE THERAPEUTIC IN TREATING ADDICTION-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN A SEX-DEPENDENT MANNER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
12  3872  20 JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND RECENT ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT. JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (JMML) IS A RARE PEDIATRIC MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM OVERLAP DISEASE. JMML IS ASSOCIATED WITH MUTATIONS IN THE RAS PATHWAY GENES RESULTING IN THE MYELOID PROGENITORS BEING SENSITIVE TO GRANULOCYTE MONOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (GM-CSF). KARYOTYPE ABNORMALITIES AND ADDITIONAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN JMML. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS AND NOONAN'S SYNDROME HAVE A PREDISPOSITION FOR JMML. IN A FEW PATIENTS, THE RAS GENES (NRAS, KRAS, AND PTPN11) ARE MUTATED AT THE GERMLINE AND THIS USUALLY RESULTS IN A TRANSIENT MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER WITH A GOOD PROGNOSIS. JMML WITH SOMATIC RAS MUTATION BEHAVES AGGRESSIVELY. JMML PRESENTS WITH CYTOPENIAS AND LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION INTO ORGANS. THE LABORATORY FINDINGS INCLUDE HYPERLEUKOCYTOSIS, MONOCYTOSIS, INCREASED HEMOGLOBIN-F LEVELS, AND CIRCULATING MYELOID PRECURSORS. THE BLAST CELLS IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD/BONE-MARROW ASPIRATE ARE LESS THAN 20% AND THE ABSENCE OF THE BCR-ABL TRANSLOCATION HELPS TO DIFFERENTIATE FROM CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. JMML SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM IMMUNODEFICIENCIES, VIRAL INFECTIONS, INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS, HEMOPHAGOLYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS, OTHER MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS, AND LEUKEMIAS. CHEMOTHERAPY IS EMPLOYED AS A BRIDGE TO HSCT, EXCEPT IN FEW WITH LESS AGGRESSIVE DISEASE, IN WHICH CHEMOTHERAPY ALONE CAN RESULT IN LONG TERM REMISSION. AZACITIDINE HAS SHOWN PROMISE AS A SINGLE AGENT TO STABILIZE THE DISEASE. THE PROGNOSIS OF JMML IS POOR WITH ABOUT 50% OF PATIENTS SURVIVING AFTER AN ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT). ALLOGENEIC HSCT IS THE ONLY KNOWN CURE FOR JMML TO DATE. MYELOABLATIVE CONDITIONING IS MOST COMMONLY USED WITH GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS TAILORED TO THE AGGRESSIVENESS OF THE DISEASE. RELAPSES ARE COMMON EVEN AFTER HSCT AND A SECOND HSCT CAN SALVAGE A THIRD OF THESE PATIENTS. NOVEL OPTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF JMML E.G., HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS, MEK INHIBITORS, JAK INHIBITORS, TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS, ETC. ARE BEING EXPLORED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13  2848  28 FREQUENT SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN EPIGENETIC REGULATORS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. ALTHOUGH TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS (TKIS) HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED THE PROGNOSIS OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML), THE ABILITY OF TKIS TO ERADICATE CML REMAINS UNCERTAIN AND PATIENTS MUST CONTINUE TKI THERAPY FOR INDEFINITE PERIODS. IN THIS STUDY, WE PERFORMED WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN 24 PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CHRONIC PHASE CML WHO WERE REGISTERED IN THE JALSG CML212 STUDY. WE IDENTIFIED 191 SOMATIC MUTATIONS OTHER THAN THE BCR-ABL1 FUSION GENE (MEDIAN 8, RANGE 1-17). AGE, HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION AND WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS WERE CORRELATED WITH THE NUMBER OF MUTATIONS. PATIENTS WITH MUTATIONS ?6 SHOWED HIGHER RATE OF ACHIEVING MAJOR MOLECULAR RESPONSE THAN THOSE<6 (P=0.0381). MUTATIONS IN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR, ASXL1, TET2, TET3, KDM1A AND MSH6 WERE FOUND IN 25% OF PATIENTS. TET2 OR TET3, AKT1 AND RUNX1 WERE MUTATED IN ONE PATIENT EACH. ASXL1 WAS MUTATED WITHIN EXON 12 IN THREE CASES. MUTATED GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED WITH CELL SIGNALING AND CELL DIVISION PATHWAYS. FURTHERMORE, DNA COPY NUMBER ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT 2 OF 24 PATIENTS HAD UNIPARENTAL DISOMY OF CHROMOSOME 1P OR 3Q, WHICH DISAPPEARED MAJOR MOLECULAR RESPONSE WAS ACHIEVED. THESE MUTATIONS MAY PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLES IN CML PATHOGENESIS IN ADDITION TO THE STRONG DRIVER MUTATION BCR-ABL1.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14    32  33 A CASE OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR-RESISTANT CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC PHASE WITH ASXL1 MUTATION. HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES, INCLUDING CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML), EXHIBIT ASXL1 MUTATIONS; HOWEVER, THE FUNCTION AND MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THESE MUTATIONS REMAIN UNCLEAR. ASXL1 WAS ORIGINALLY IDENTIFIED AS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE, IN WHICH LOSS OF FUNCTION CAUSES MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS). ASXL1 MUTATIONS ARE COMMON AND ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES INCLUDING MDS, ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, AND SIMILARLY IN CML. IN MDS, ASXL1 MUTATIONS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS; HOWEVER, THE IMPACT OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS IN CML HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. A 31-YEAR-OLD MALE WAS DIAGNOSED AS CML-CHRONIC PHASE (CP). LABORATORY FINDINGS SHOWED A WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT OF 187,200/MICROL, WITH ASYMPTOMATIC SPLENOMEGALY. BLAST COUNT WAS 5.0% IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND 7.3% IN BONE MARROW. THERE WAS NO ADDITIONAL CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY EXCEPT FOR T(9;22)(Q34;Q11.2) BY CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS. AT ONSET, THE SOKAL SCORE WAS 1.4, INDICATING HIGH RISK. THE PATIENT RECEIVED TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR (TKI) THERAPY, COMPRISING NILOTINIB APPROXIMATELY 600 MG/DAY, BOSUTINIB APPROXIMATELY 600 MG/DAY, PONATINIB APPROXIMATELY 45 MG/DAY, AND DASATINIB APPROXIMATELY 100 MG/DAY. NEVERTHELESS, AFTER 1.5 YEARS OF CONTINUOUS TKI THERAPY, THE BEST OUTCOME WAS A HEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE. ALTHOUGH ADDITIONAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND ABL1 KINASE MUTATIONS WERE ANALYZED REPEATEDLY BEFORE AND DURING TKI THERAPY, KNOWN GENETIC ABNORMALITIES WERE NOT DETECTED. THEREAFTER, THE PATIENT UNDERWENT BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION FROM AN HLA 7/8 MATCHED UNRELATED DONOR (HLA-CW 1 LOCUS MISMATCH, GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DIRECTION). THE PATIENT ACHIEVED NEUTROPHIL ENGRAFTMENT, 18 DAYS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION, LEADING TO COMPLETE REMISSION WITH AN UNDETECTABLE LEVEL OF BCR-ABL1 MRNA. THE PATIENT, HOWEVER, DIED FROM GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AND THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY AFTER 121 DAYS. GENE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF HIS CML CELL BEFORE STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION REVEALED ASXL1 MUTATIONS. PHYSIOLOGICALLY, ASXL1 CONTRIBUTES TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. IN THE CML-CP PATIENT IN THIS CASE REPORT, ASXL1 MUTATION CONFERRED RESISTANCE TO TKI THROUGH OBSCURE RESISTANCE MECHANISMS. EVEN THOUGH A MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR TKI RESISTANCE IN ASXL1 MUTATION IN CML HAS REMAINED OBSCURE, EPIGENETIC MODULATION IS A PLAUSIBLE MODE OF CML DISEASE PROGRESSION. THE CLINICAL IMPACT INCLUDING PROGNOSIS OF ASXL1 FOR CML IS UNDERSCORED. AND THE TREATMENT STRATEGY OF CML WITH ASXL1 MUTATION HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED. A DISCUSSION OF THIS CASE WAS EXPECTED TO FACILITATE TREATMENT OPTIONS.	2020	

15  2326  22 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) ACCOUNTS FOR ~10% OF LEUKEMIA CASES, AND ITS PROGRESSION INVOLVES EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR AND ITS TARGET MICRORNA, MIR-143, IN ADVANCED CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE FIRST ISOLATED BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML AND FROM HEALTHY DONORS AS NORMAL CONTROL; WE ALSO CULTURED K562 AND KCL22 CELLS, TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUG; MTT ASSAY, FLOW CYTOMETRY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), WESTERN BLOT, LUCIFERASE ASSAY, RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (RIP) ASSAY WERE PERFORMED. RESULT: AS MEASURED BY QPCR, HOTAIR EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS, KCL22 CELLS, AND SAMPLES FROM CASES OF ADVANCED-STAGE CML INCREASED WITH LEVELS OF SEVERAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLATES, INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, AND LSD1, AND MIR-143 LEVELS WERE DECREASED AND HOTAIR LEVELS WERE INCREASED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, DECREASED DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, LSD1 MRNA, PROTEIN LEVELS, AND HOTAIR MRNA LEVELS BUT INCREASED MIR-143 LEVELS. HOTAIR KNOCKDOWN AND MIR-143 OVEREXPRESSION BOTH INHIBITED PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTED APOPTOSIS IN KCL22 AND K562 CELLS THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY. RNA PULL-DOWN, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND RIP ASSAYS SHOWED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH EZH2 AND LSD1. A DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH MIR-143. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE KEY EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS OF HOTAIR RELATED TO CML PROGRESSION AND SUGGEST HOTAIR AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ADVANCED CML. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USE OF DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AS A CML TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16  5480  25 RESVERATROL REVERSES MORPHINE-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS BY REVERSAL HDAC1 EXPRESSION. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SUBSEQUENT INTRATHECAL (I.T.) INJECTION OF RESVERATROL (30 MUG) SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSES MORPHINE-EVOKED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS WERE IMPLANTED WITH TWO I.T. CATHETERS, ONE OF WHICH WAS CONNECTED TO A MINIOSMOTIC PUMP AND USED FOR MORPHINE (15 MUG/H) OR SALINE INFUSION FOR 120 HOURS. TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS ON SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1), THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), AND TNF RECEPTOR (TNFR) 1 AND TNFR2 DURING TOLERANCE INDUCTION, A TAIL-FLICK TEST WAS PERFORMED PRIOR TO INFUSION AND AFTER 24 HOURS, 48 HOURS, 72 HOURS, 96 HOURS, AND 120 HOURS OF INFUSION. RESULTS: RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE RESTORED THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS AND REVERSED THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1, TNF-ALPHA, AND TNFR1 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CHRONIC MORPHINE INFUSION INCREASED TNFR1-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN NEURON IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RAT SPINAL CORDS, AND THIS EFFECT WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY INHIBITED BY RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSION: RESVERATROL RESTORES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE BY REVERSING MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED SPINAL CORD NEUROINFLAMMATION AND INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION. THE REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE-INDUCED INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION BY RESVERATROL IS PARTIALLY DUE TO REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION. RESVERATROL PRETREATMENT CAN BE USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN CLINICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WHO NEED LONG-TERM MORPHINE TREATMENT OR WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17   961  17 CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: A GENETIC AND CLINICAL UPDATE. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) IS A CLONAL STEM CELL DISORDER, CHARACTERIZED BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS AND OVERLAPPING FEATURES BETWEEN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS (MPNS). CLONAL CYTOGENETIC CHANGES ARE SEEN IN UP TO 30 % PATIENTS, WHILE APPROXIMATELY 90 % HAVE DETECTABLE MOLECULAR ABNORMALITIES. MOST PATIENTS ARE DIAGNOSED IN THE SEVENTH DECADE OF LIFE. GENE MUTATIONS IN TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) ONCOGENE FAMILY MEMBER 2 (TET2) (60 %), SRSF2 (50 %), ASXL1 (40 %), AND RAS (20-30 %) ARE FREQUENT, WITH ONLY FRAME SHIFT AND NONSENSE ASXL1 MUTATIONS NEGATIVELY IMPACTING OVERALL SURVIVAL. WITH THE LACK OF FORMAL GUIDELINES, MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE CRITERIA ARE OFTEN EXTRAPOLATED FROM MDS AND MPN. CONTEMPORARY MOLECULARLY INTEGRATED CMML-SPECIFIC PROGNOSTIC MODELS INCLUDE THE GROUPE FRANCAIS DES MYELODYSPLASIES (GFM) MODEL AND THE MOLECULAR MAYO MODEL, BOTH INCORPORATING ASXL1 MUTATIONAL STATUS. HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS AND ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT REMAIN THE TWO MOST COMMONLY USED TREATMENT STRATEGIES, WITH SUBOPTIMAL RESULTS. CLINICAL TRIALS EXPLOITING EPIGENETIC AND SIGNAL PATHWAY ABNORMALITIES, FREQUENT IN CMML, OFFER HOPE AND PROMISE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18   765  22 CC-486 MAINTENANCE AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA OR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. RELAPSE IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF TREATMENT FAILURE AFTER ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (ALLOSCT) IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS). INJECTABLE AZACITIDINE CAN IMPROVE POST-TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES BUT PRESENTS CHALLENGES WITH EXPOSURE AND COMPLIANCE. ORAL CC-486 ALLOWS EXTENDED DOSING TO PROLONG AZACITIDINE ACTIVITY. WE INVESTIGATED USE OF CC-486 MAINTENANCE THERAPY AFTER ALLOSCT. ADULTS WITH MDS OR AML IN MORPHOLOGIC COMPLETE REMISSION AT CC-486 INITIATION (42 TO 84 DAYS AFTER ALLOSCT) WERE INCLUDED. PATIENTS RECEIVED 1 OF 4 CC-486 DOSING SCHEDULES PER 28-DAY CYCLE FOR UP TO 12 CYCLES. ENDPOINTS INCLUDED SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) INCIDENCE, RELAPSE/PROGRESSION RATE, AND SURVIVAL. OF 30 PATIENTS, 7 RECEIVED CC-486 ONCE DAILY FOR 7 DAYS PER CYCLE (200 MG, N = 3; 300 MG, N = 4) AND 23 FOR 14 DAYS PER CYCLE (150 MG, N = 4; 200 MG, N = 19 [EXPANSION COHORT]). GRADES 3 TO 4 ADVERSE EVENTS WERE INFREQUENT AND OCCURRED WITH SIMILAR FREQUENCY ACROSS REGIMENS. STANDARD CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS DID NOT ALTER CC-486 PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS. THREE PATIENTS (10%) EXPERIENCED GRADE III ACUTE GVHD AND 9 EXPERIENCED CHRONIC GVHD. OF 28 EVALUABLE PATIENTS, 6 (21%) RELAPSED OR HAD PROGRESSIVE DISEASE: 3 OF 7 PATIENTS (43%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 7-DAY DOSING AND 3 OF 23 (13%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 14-DAY DOSING. TRANSPLANT-RELATED MORTALITY WAS 3%. AT 19 MONTHS OF FOLLOW-UP, MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS NOT REACHED. ESTIMATED 1-YEAR SURVIVAL RATES WERE 86% AND 81% IN THE 7-DAY AND 14-DAY DOSING COHORTS, RESPECTIVELY. CC-486 MAINTENANCE WAS GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED, WITH LOW RATES OF RELAPSE, DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND GVHD. CC-486 MAINTENANCE MAY PERMIT EPIGENETIC MANIPULATION OF THE ALLOREACTIVE RESPONSE POSTALLOGRAFT. FINDINGS REQUIRE CONFIRMATION IN RANDOMIZED TRIALS. (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT01835587.).	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  1107  28 COMBINING CYTOGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC APPROACHES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IMPROVES PROGNOSIS PREDICTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED 13Q DELETION. BACKGROUND: BOTH DEFECTIVE DNA METHYLATION AND ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION PROCESSES ARE EMERGING AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 5-CYTOSINE EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND THE MOST FREQUENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES DETECTED IN CLL REMAIN TO BE ESTABLISHED. METHODS: CLL PATIENTS WERE RETROSPECTIVELY CLASSIFIED INTO A CYTOGENETIC LOW-RISK GROUP (ISOLATED 13Q DELETION), AN INTERMEDIATE-RISK GROUP (NORMAL KARYOTYPE OR TRISOMY 12), AND A HIGH-RISK GROUP (11Q DELETION, 17P DELETION, OR COMPLEX KARYOTYPE [>/= 3 BREAKPOINTS]). THE TWO 5-CYTOSINE DERIVATIVES, 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5-MCYT) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMCYT), WERE TESTED BY ELISA (N = 60), WHILE REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR WAS USED FOR DETERMINING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DNMT AND TET (N = 24). RESULTS: BY USING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION LEVELS, IN THE LOW-RISK DISEASE GROUP, TWO SUBGROUPS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT CLINICAL OUTCOMES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED (MEDIAN TREATMENT-FREE SURVIVAL [TFS] 45 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-MCYT, P = 0.0008, AND 63 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-HMCYT, P = 0.04). A DEFECTIVE 5-MCYT STATUS WAS FURTHER ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF 13Q DELETED NUCLEI (> 80%), THUS SUGGESTING AN ACQUIRED PROCESS. WHEN CONSIDERING THE CYTOGENETIC INTERMEDIATE/HIGH-RISK DISEASE GROUPS, AN ASSOCIATION OF 5-MCYT STATUS WITH LYMPHOCYTOSIS (P = 0.0008) AND THE LYMPHOCYTE DOUBLING TIME (P = 0.04) BUT NOT WITH TFS WAS OBSERVED, AS WELL AS A REDUCTION OF DNMT3A, TET1, AND TET2 TRANSCRIPTS. CONCLUSIONS: COMBINING CYTOGENETIC STUDIES WITH 5-MCYT ASSESSMENT ADDS ACCURACY TO CLL PATIENTS' PROGNOSES AND PARTICULARLY FOR THOSE WITH 13Q DELETION AS A SOLE CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
20  4555  22 MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA INCLUDES GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION: UTX, EZH2, AND DNMT3A. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), A MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM, IS CHARACTERIZED BY MONOCYTIC PROLIFERATION, DYSPLASIA, AND PROGRESSION TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. CMML HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN DIVERSE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED GENES. WE ANALYZED 72 WELL-CHARACTERIZED PATIENTS WITH CMML (N = 52) AND CMML-DERIVED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (N = 20) FOR RECURRENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES WITH THE USE OF ROUTINE CYTOGENETICS AND SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAYS ALONG WITH COMPREHENSIVE MUTATIONAL SCREENING. CYTOGENETIC ABERRATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 46% OF CASES, WHEREAS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAY INCREASED THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD TO 60%. AT LEAST 1 MUTATION WAS FOUND IN 86% OF ALL CASES; NOVEL UTX, DNMT3A, AND EZH2 MUTATIONS WERE FOUND IN 8%, 10%, AND 5.5% OF PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. TET2 MUTATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 49%, ASXL1 IN 43%, CBL IN 14%, IDH1/2 IN 4%, KRAS IN 7%, NRAS IN 4%, AND JAK2 V617F IN 1% OF PATIENTS. VARIOUS MUTANT GENOTYPE COMBINATIONS WERE OBSERVED, INDICATING MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY IN CMML. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MOLECULAR DEFECTS AFFECTING DISTINCT PATHWAYS CAN LEAD TO SIMILAR CLINICAL PHENOTYPES.	2011