1  6096 215 THE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND MEDITATION ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, HUMAN MICROBIOTA, AND EPIGENETICS. CONTEXT * GLOBALLY, MORE THAN 25% OF INDIVIDUALS ARE AFFECTED BY ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DISORDERS. MEDITATION IS GAINING POPULARITY IN CLINICAL SETTINGS AND ITS TREATMENT EFFICACY IS BEING STUDIED FOR A WIDE ARRAY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL AILMENTS. AN EXPLORATION OF STRESS PHYSIOLOGY IS AN ESSENTIAL PRECURSOR TO DELINEATION OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MEDITATION PRACTICES. OBJECTIVE * THE REVIEW OUTLINES A MODEL OF INTERCONNECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT MIGHT SUPPORT THE CONTINUED INCLUSION AND EXPANSION OF MEDITATION IN THE TREATMENT OF DIVERSE MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE THAT GUT MICROBIOTA MAY PLAY IN REALIZING WELL-BEING THROUGH MEDITATION. DESIGN * THE AUTHORS CONDUCTED A SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE DATABASE SEARCH WITH THE GOAL OF REVIEWING THE LINK BETWEEN STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HUMAN MICROBIOTA. THEIR GOAL WAS ALSO TO IDENTIFY THE EXTENT OF UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC REACTIONS IN THESE PROCESSES. THE REVIEW WAS COMPLETED IN APPROXIMATELY 2 Y. DATABASES SEARCHED INCLUDED MEDLINE VIA PUBMED AND OVID, PSYCINFO VIA OVID, SPINET, PROQUEST CENTRAL, SAGE RESEARCH METHODS ONLINE, CINAHL PLUS WITH FULL TEXT, SCIENCE DIRECT, SPRINGER LINK, AND WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. KEYWORDS SEARCHED INCLUDED, BUT WERE NOT LIMITED TO, STRESS, MEDITATION, MINDFULNESS, IMMUNE SYSTEM, HPA AXIS, SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, MICROBIOTA, MICROBIOME, GUT-BARRIER FUNCTION, LEAKY GUT, VAGUS NERVE, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY, EPIGENETIC, AND NF-KAPPAB. SETTING * THE STUDY TOOK PLACE AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY (NEW YORK, NY, USA), THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (LA JOLLA, CA, USA), AND THE CHOPRA FOUNDATION (CARLSBAD, CA, USA). RESULTS * PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS TYPICALLY TRIGGERS A FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT RESPONSE, PROMPTING CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AND CATECHOLAMINE PRODUCTION IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY, WHICH ULTIMATELY DISTURBS THE MICROBIOTA. IN THE ABSENCE OF STRESS, A HEALTHY MICROBIOTA PRODUCES SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS THAT EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTITUMOR EFFECTS. DURING STRESS, AN ALTERED GUT MICROBIAL POPULATION AFFECTS THE REGULATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS MEDIATED BY THE MICROBIOME AND GUT BARRIER FUNCTION. MEDITATION HELPS REGULATE THE STRESS RESPONSE, THEREBY SUPPRESSING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION STATES AND MAINTAINING A HEALTHY GUT-BARRIER FUNCTION. CONCLUSIONS * THE CURRENT RESEARCH TEAM RECOMMENDS THE INTEGRATION OF MEDITATION INTO CONVENTIONAL HEALTH CARE AND WELLNESS MODELS. CONCURRENTLY, STUDIES TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF MEDITATION ON HUMAN MICROBIOTA ARE WARRANTED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  4092  24 MATERNAL REPETITIVE HYPOXIA PRIOR TO MATING CONFERS EPIGENETIC RESILIENCE TO MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN MALE PROGENY. WE SHOWED PREVIOUSLY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA INVOLVING CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION (CCH) THAT REPETITIVE HYPOXIC CONDITIONING (RHC) OF BOTH PARENTS RESULTS IN THE EPIGENETIC, INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF RESILIENCE TO RECOGNITION MEMORY LOSS IN ADULT PROGENY, AS ASSESSED BY THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN IN THE SAME MODEL TO DETERMINE WHETHER RHC TREATMENT OF ONE OR BOTH PARENTS IS REQUIRED TO CONFER DEMENTIA RESILIENCE INTERGENERATIONALLY. WE FOUND INHERITED RESILIENCE TO 3 MONTHS OF CCH IN MALES IS MATERNALLY MEDIATED (P = .006). STATISTICALLY, WE OBSERVED A STRONG TREND FOR THE PATERNAL GERMLINE TO CONTRIBUTE AS WELL (P = .052). WE ALSO FOUND THAT, IN CONTRAST TO WHAT IS WIDELY OBSERVED IN MALES, FEMALES DISPLAY INTACT RECOGNITION MEMORY (P = .001) AFTER 3 MONTHS OF CCH, REVEALING A HERETOFORE UNIDENTIFIED SEXUAL DIMORPHISM WITH RESPECT TO COGNITIVE IMPACT DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION. OVERALL, RESULTS OF OUR STUDY STRONGLY IMPLICATE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MATERNAL GERM CELLS, INDUCED BY OUR REPETITIVE SYSTEMIC HYPOXIC STIMULUS, CONTRIBUTING TO A MODIFIED DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAM CAPABLE OF ESTABLISHING A DEMENTIA-RESILIENT PHENOTYPE IN ADULT MALE FIRST-GENERATION PROGENY. (PSYCINFO DATABASE RECORD (C) 2023 APA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED).	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
3  6329  50 THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. THIS REVIEW WILL DISCUSS THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. RELEVANT STUDIES WERE IDENTIFIED VIA MEDLINE (PUBMED) AND PSYCINFO DATABASES PUBLISHED UP TO AND INCLUDING JULY 2015. THIS REVIEW CONTRIBUTES TO A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY LIFE STRESS, AS WELL AS SETTING CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN A BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DISCUSSING NOVEL LONG-TERM PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EVENTS ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN ADDITION TO A MORE SEVERE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OVER TIME (PRIMARILY AN EARLIER AGE AT ONSET AND AN INCREASED RISK OF SUICIDE ATTEMPT AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE). CHILDHOOD TRAUMA LEADS TO ALTERATIONS OF AFFECT REGULATION, IMPULSE CONTROL, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING THAT MIGHT DECREASE THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH LATER STRESSORS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA INTERACTS WITH SEVERAL GENES BELONGING TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS [HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, SEROTONERGIC TRANSMISSION, NEUROPLASTICITY, IMMUNITY, CALCIUM SIGNALING, AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS] TO DECREASE THE AGE AT THE ONSET OF THE DISORDER OR INCREASE THE RISK OF SUICIDE. EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDER. BIOLOGICAL SEQUELAE SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, OR TELOMERE SHORTENING ARE POTENTIAL MEDIATORS OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN PARTICULAR WITH REGARD TO PHYSICAL HEALTH. THE MAIN CLINICAL IMPLICATION IS TO SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESS CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDERS, OR AT LEAST IN THOSE WITH A SEVERE OR INSTABLE COURSE. THE CHALLENGE FOR THE NEXT YEARS WILL BE TO FILL THE GAP BETWEEN CLINICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND ROUTINE PRACTICE, SINCE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGING THIS SPECIFIC POPULATION ARE LACKING. IN PARTICULAR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON WHICH PSYCHOTHERAPIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED OR WHICH TARGETS THERAPISTS SHOULD FOCUS ON, AS WELL AS HOW CHILDHOOD TRAUMA COULD EXPLAIN THE RESISTANCE TO MOOD STABILIZERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  5137  43 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) IS A FREQUENT AND PROMINENT PHENOMENON IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). EVEN THOUGH ITS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ARE RELATIVELY WELL UNDERSTOOD, THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NSSI IN MDD REMAIN ELUSIVE. AIMS: TO REVIEW PRESENT EVIDENCE RELATED TO THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NSSI IN MDD. METHODS: ACCORDING TO PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES 2020 GUIDELINES, ARTICLES FOR THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WERE SEARCHED ON MEDLINE (THROUGH PUBMED), EMBASE (THROUGH ELSEVIER), PSYCINFO (THROUGH OVID) AND WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASES FOR ENGLISH ARTICLES, AS WELL AS CHINA NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE (CNKI), SINOMED, WANFANG DATA, AND THE CHONGQING VIP CHINESE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERIODICAL (VIP) DATABASES FOR CHINESE ARTICLES PUBLISHED FROM THE DATE OF INCEPTION TO 2 AUGUST 2022. TWO RESEARCHERS (BW, HZ) INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED STUDIES BASED ON INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA AND ASSESSED THEIR QUALITY. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 25 157 STUDIES WERE SEARCHED. ONLY 25 OF THEM WERE ULTIMATELY INCLUDED, CONTAINING 3336 SUBJECTS (1535 PATIENTS WITH MDD AND NSSI, 1403 PATIENTS WITH MDD WITHOUT NSSI AND 398 HCS). INCLUDED STUDIES WERE DIVIDED INTO 6 CATEGORIES: PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS (11 STUDIES), NEUROIMAGING (8 STUDIES), STRESS AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS (2 STUDIES), PAIN PERCEPTION (1 STUDY), ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) (2 STUDIES) AND EPIGENETICS (1 STUDY). CONCLUSIONS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW INDICATES THAT PATIENTS WITH MDD AND NSSI MIGHT HAVE SPECIFIC PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, ABERRANT BRAIN FUNCTIONS AND NEUROCHEMICAL METABOLISMS, HPA AXIS DYSFUNCTIONS, ABNORMAL PAIN PERCEPTIONS AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  6478  38 TOPICAL REVIEW: THE EMERGING FIELD OF EPIGENETICS: INFORMING MODELS OF PEDIATRIC TRAUMA AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. OBJECTIVE: TRAUMA EXPERIENCED DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A NUMBER OF CHRONIC MEDICAL CONCERNS. WE HIGHLIGHT MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THE PEDIATRIC TRAUMA LITERATURE TO PROVIDE A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THIS ASSOCIATION. METHODS: STUDIES EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA WERE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED AND SYNTHESIZED INTO A MODEL PROPOSING A CENTRAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETICS IN THE WAYS THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES CAN AFFECT HEALTH. RESULTS: EARLY HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS RESPONSE MAY IMPACT INITIAL TRAUMA EXPERIENCE, WITH DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON POSTTRAUMA ADJUSTMENT REFLECTED IN POSTTRAUMA NEUROBIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS NEEDED TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ON THE COURSE OF HPA AND IMMUNE PROCESSES AS RELATED TO POSTTRAUMA PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  1601  44 DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES OF FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES (FSS) ARE HIGHLY PREVALENT ACROSS ALL LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE. THE FACT THAT THEY ARE CHARACTERISED BY MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS FATIGUE AND PAIN, RAISES THE IMPORTANT QUESTION OF THEIR UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FSS AND CAN INDUCE LONG-TERM MODIFICATIONS AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEW, FOR THE FIRST TIME, WHETHER INDIVIDUALS WITH FSS ARE CHARACTERISED BY SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: MEDLINE AND PSYCINFO WERE SEARCHED FROM THE FIRST AVAILABLE DATE UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2022. THE INCLUSION CRITERIA WERE: 1) ADULTS FULFILLING RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME, AND/OR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, 2) HEALTHY CONTROL GROUP, AND 3) CANDIDATE-GENE OR GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION. RESULTS: SIXTEEN STUDIES (N = 957) WERE INCLUDED. IN CANDIDATE-GENE STUDIES, SPECIFIC SITES WITHIN NR3C1 WERE IDENTIFIED, WHICH WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. IN GENOME-WIDE STUDIES IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, A HYPOMETHYLATED SITE LOCATED TO LY86 AND HYPERMETHYLATED SITES WITHIN HLA-DQB1 WERE FOUND. IN GENOME-WIDE STUDIES IN FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME, DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN SITES RELATED TO HDAC4 , TMEM44 , KCNQ1 , SLC17A9 , PRKG1 , ALPK3 , TFAP2A , AND LY6G5C WAS FOUND. CONCLUSIONS: INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME APPEAR TO BE CHARACTERISED BY ALTERED DNA METHYLATION OF GENES REGULATING CELLULAR SIGNALLING AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONING. IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, THERE IS PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR THESE TO BE IMPLICATED IN KEY PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS, SUCH AS HYPOCORTISOLISM AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEBILITATING SYMPTOMS THESE INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCE.PREREGISTRATION PROSPERO IDENTIFIER: CRD42022364720.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  2646  44 EPIGENOMIC LINKS BETWEEN SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SYMPTOMS: A SCOPING REVIEW. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) IMPACT HEALTH AND WELLNESS. THE LINK BETWEEN SDOH AND ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES, INCLUDING SYMPTOM OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY, MAY BE EXPLAINED BY AN INDIVIDUAL'S PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO ONE OR MORE SDOH. ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING THIS PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE LINKING SDOH AND SYMPTOMS IS THE DYNAMIC EPIGENOME. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS TO EXAMINE DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR SYMPTOMS BY IDENTIFYING AND SUMMARIZING RESEARCH LINKING SDOH AND SYMPTOMS THROUGH EPIGENOMIC MECHANISMS. PUBMED WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY EMPIRICAL RESEARCH WHERE AT LEAST ONE SDOH WAS AN INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT VARIABLE, AT LEAST ONE SYMPTOM WAS INVESTIGATED, AND THE INVESTIGATION INCLUDED AN EPIGENOMIC MEASURE. OF THE 484 ARTICLES INITIALLY RETRIEVED, AFTER THOROUGH VETTING, 41 ARTICLES MET ELIGIBILITY. THE MOST STUDIED SYMPTOM WAS DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWED BY ANXIETY, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, SLEEP DYSFUNCTION, AND PAIN. THE MOST FREQUENTLY STUDIED SDOH WERE: 1) STRESS, PARTICULARLY EARLY LIFE STRESS AND ACCULTURATIVE STRESS; AND 2) TRAUMA, PREDOMINANTLY CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. DNA METHYLATION AND TELOMERE LENGTH WERE THE MOST STUDIED EPIGENOMIC MEASURES. FOUR GENES (SLC6A4, BDNF, NR3C1, OXTR) HAD EVIDENCE FROM MULTIPLE STUDIES AND ACROSS METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES LINKING SDOH TO SYMPTOMS. THIS REVIEW SUPPORTS THE INCLUSION OF EPIGENOMIC APPROACHES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE LINK BETWEEN SDOH AND SYMPTOMS AND PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT SDOH IMPACT TELOMERE LENGTH AND THE METHYLATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEUROTRANSMITTER SIGNALING, NEURONAL SURVIVAL, BEHAVIOR, INFLAMMATION AND STRESS RESPONSE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8   393  24 AN OVERVIEW OF EPIGENETICS IN NURSING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO THE GENOME ARE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS TO THE DNA THAT DO NOT CHANGE AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENOME BUT DO CHANGE AND INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. THE NURSING PROFESSION IS QUALIFIED TO CONDUCT AND INTEGRATE EPIGENETIC-FOCUSED NURSING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES CURRENT EPIGENETIC NURSING RESEARCH, PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF HOW EPIGENETIC RESEARCH RELATES TO NURSING PRACTICE, MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS, AND PROVIDES EPIGENETIC ONLINE RESOURCES FOR NURSING RESEARCH. AN OVERVIEW OF MAJOR EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN NURSING (SPECIFIC TO CHILDBIRTH STUDIES, PREECLAMPSIA, METABOLIC SYNDROME, IMMUNOTHERAPY CANCER, AND PAIN) IS PROVIDED, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON NEXT STEPS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9   455  44 APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: YOGA IS WELL-THOUGHT-OUT AS AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH GLOBALLY AND CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN CLINICAL CARE AS AN INTEGRATIVE OR ALTERNATE APPROACH TO REGULAR TREATMENT. YOGA EXERCISE HAS BEEN DISCLOSED TO INFLUENCE REMISSION FROM CANCER CELLS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND ALSO REVERSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ONCOLOGY PATIENTS ARE SCARCE, HENCE THE NEED FOR A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. HENCE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONDUCT A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY. METHODS: THE REVIEW METHODOLOGY WAS INFORMED BY JOANNA BRIGG'S INSTITUTE GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEWS, AND THE REVIEW WAS REPORTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS. TEN DATABASES WERE SEARCHED. THE RECORDS OF ALL THE LITERATURE RETRIEVED FROM THE SEARCH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE RAYYAN SOFTWARE FOR DEDUPLICATION. AFTER THE FULL-TEXT SCREENING, ONLY TWO WERE FOUND ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION IN THE SCOPING REVIEW. DATA OBTAINED IN THE INCLUDED LITERATURE WERE EXTRACTED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THIS REVIEW FOUND THAT YOGA WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG ORAL CANCER PATIENTS (P-VALUES > 0.04). HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT YOGA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED ANXIETY, SALIVA STICKINESS, AND EPISODES OF FALLING ILL (P-VALUES < 0.05) WHILE IT IMPROVED MENTAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING, AND HEAD AND NECK PAIN OF THOSE ORAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED IT (P-VALUES < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE CARE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS NONPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS YOGA COULD HELP TO REDUCE CARE COST WHILE IMPROVING CARE OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS. HENCE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CONSIDER YOGA ALONG WITH ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS, AND WE RECOMMEND GRADUAL INCORPORATION OF YOGA INTO ORAL CANCER CARE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  6266  26 THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE. THE STRESS-DIATHESIS MODEL POSITS THAT SUICIDE IS THE RESULT OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE-DEPENDENT (ENVIRONMENTAL) STRESSORS AND A TRAIT-LIKE DIATHESIS OR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR, INDEPENDENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. FINDINGS FROM POST-MORTEM STUDIES OF THE BRAIN AND FROM GENOMIC AND IN-VIVO NEUROIMAGING STUDIES INDICATE A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THIS DIATHESIS, INDICATING THE IMPORTANCE OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING AND INTERVENTIONS, IN ADDITION TO COGNITIVE AND MOOD INTERVENTIONS, IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE. EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT EXPLAIN SOME OF THE LINK BETWEEN SUICIDE RISK AND BRAIN CIRCUITRY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY ABNORMALITIES. RESULTS FROM A RANGE OF STUDIES USING DIVERSE DESIGNS AND POST-MORTEM AND IN-VIVO TECHNIQUES SHOW IMPAIRMENTS OF THE SEROTONIN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM AND THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS STRESS-RESPONSE SYSTEM IN THE DIATHESIS FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. THESE IMPAIRMENTS MANIFEST AS IMPAIRED COGNITIVE CONTROL OF MOOD, PESSIMISM, REACTIVE AGGRESSIVE TRAITS, IMPAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING, OVER-REACTIVITY TO NEGATIVE SOCIAL SIGNS, EXCESSIVE EMOTIONAL PAIN, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION, LEADING TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. BIOMARKERS RELATED TO THE DIATHESIS MIGHT HELP TO INFORM RISK-ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND TREATMENT CHOICE IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  5200  31 PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS PREDICTS METHYLATION OF GENES REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL SYSTEM IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. EXPOSURE TO STRESS EARLY IN LIFE PERMANENTLY SHAPES ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) AXIS AND THE BRAIN. PRENATALLY, GLUCOCORTICOIDS PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTA TO THE FETUS WITH POSTNATAL IMPACTS ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, BIRTH WEIGHT (BW), AND HPA AXIS FUNCTIONING. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS AFFECTS POSTNATAL FUNCTIONING. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES THIS GAP BY EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC STRESS AND TRAUMATIC WAR-RELATED STRESS ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FOUR KEY GENES REGULATING THE HPA AXIS IN NEONATAL CORD BLOOD, PLACENTA, AND MATERNAL BLOOD: CRH, CRHBP, NR3C1, AND FKBP5. PARTICIPANTS WERE 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE CONFLICT-RIDDEN REGION OF THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. BW DATA WERE COLLECTED AT DELIVERY AND MATERNAL INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED TO ASSESS CULTURALLY RELEVANT CHRONIC AND WAR-RELATED STRESSORS. CHRONIC STRESS AND WAR TRAUMA HAD WIDESPREAD EFFECTS ON HPA AXIS GENE METHYLATION, WITH SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OBSERVED AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING (TFB) SITES IN ALL TARGET GENES TESTED. SOME CHANGES IN METHYLATION WERE UNIQUE TO CHRONIC OR WAR STRESS, WHEREAS OTHERS WERE OBSERVED ACROSS BOTH STRESSOR TYPES. MOREOVER, STRESS EXPOSURES IMPACTED MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUES DIFFERENTLY, SUPPORTING THEORETICAL MODELS THAT STRESS IMPACTS VARY ACCORDING TO LIFE PHASE. METHYLATION IN SEVERAL NR3C1 AND CRH CPG SITES, ALL LOCATED AT TFB SITES, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BW. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL STRESS EXPOSURE IMPACTS DEVELOPMENT VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HPA AXIS GENES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  1151  46 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  3463  36 HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXES: SEX DIFFERENCES IN REGULATION OF STRESS RESPONSIVITY. GONADAL HORMONES PLAY A KEY ROLE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT, ACTIVATION, AND REGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. BY INFLUENCING THE RESPONSE AND SENSITIVITY TO RELEASING FACTORS, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, AND HORMONES, GONADAL STEROIDS HELP ORCHESTRATE THE GAIN OF THE HPA AXIS TO FINE-TUNE THE LEVELS OF STRESS HORMONES IN THE GENERAL CIRCULATION. FROM EARLY LIFE TO ADULTHOOD, GONADAL STEROIDS CAN DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECT THE HPA AXIS, RESULTING IN SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSIVITY OF THIS AXIS. THE HPA AXIS INFLUENCES MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS MAKING AN ORGANISM'S RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT APPROPRIATE FOR ITS REPRODUCTIVE STATUS. ALTHOUGH THE ACUTE HPA RESPONSE TO STRESSORS IS A BENEFICIAL RESPONSE, CONSTANT ACTIVATION OF THIS CIRCUITRY BY CHRONIC OR TRAUMATIC STRESSFUL EPISODES MAY LEAD TO A DYSREGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS AND CAUSE PATHOLOGY. COMPARED TO MALES, FEMALE MICE AND RATS SHOW A MORE ROBUST HPA AXIS RESPONSE, AS A RESULT OF CIRCULATING ESTRADIOL LEVELS WHICH ELEVATE STRESS HORMONE LEVELS DURING NON-THREATENING SITUATIONS, AND DURING AND AFTER STRESSORS. FLUCTUATING LEVELS OF GONADAL STEROIDS IN FEMALES ACROSS THE ESTROUS CYCLE ARE A MAJOR FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ROBUSTNESS OF HPA ACTIVITY IN FEMALES COMPARED TO MALES. MOREOVER, GONADAL STEROIDS MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO EPIGENETIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES ON THE HPA AXIS EVEN BEFORE PUBERTY. CORRESPONDINGLY, CROSSTALK BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL (HPG) AND HPA AXES COULD LEAD TO ABNORMALITIES OF STRESS RESPONSES. IN HUMANS, A DYSREGULATED STRESS RESPONSE IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS SEEN ACROSS MANY NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, AND AS A RESULT, SUCH INTERACTIONS MAY EXACERBATE PERIPHERAL PATHOLOGIES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS THE HPA AND HPG AXES AND REVIEW HOW GONADAL STEROIDS INTERACT WITH THE HPA AXIS TO REGULATE THE STRESS CIRCUITRY DURING ALL STAGES IN LIFE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14  4067  33 MATERNAL AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH AND DISEASE: INTEGRATING BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS AND EPIGENETICS. THE CONCEPTS OF ALLOSTASIS (STABILITY THROUGH ADAPTATION) AND ACCUMULATED LIFE STRESS (MCEWEN'S ALLOSTATIC LOAD) AIM TO UNDERSTAND CHILDHOOD AND ADULT OUTCOMES. CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CHANGES IN SOCIAL CONDITION, AND ADVERSE EARLY-LIFE EXPERIENCES MAY PROGRAM PHENOTYPES AND CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-LASTING DISEASE RISK. HOWEVER, INTEGRATION OF LIFE COURSE APPROACHES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXTS, AND COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS HAS NOT GENERALLY BEEN EXPLORED. THIS REVIEW CRITICALLY EXAMINES THE LITERATURE AND EVALUATES RECENT INSIGHTS INTO HOW ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CAN ALTER LIFELONG HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSIVENESS AND INDUCE METABOLIC AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MALADAPTATION. MODELS OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS OVERLAP BUT MAY CONSIDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. CONCEPTS INCLUDE ALLOSTASIS, WHICH INCORPORATES HORMONAL RESPONSES TO PREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, AND GERONIMUS'S "WEATHERING," WHICH AIMS TO EXPLAIN HOW SOCIALLY STRUCTURED, REPEATED STRESS CAN ACCUMULATE AND INCREASE DISEASE VULNERABILITY. WEATHERING EMPHASIZES ROLES OF INTERNALIZED/INTERPERSONAL RACISM IN OUTCOMES DISPARITIES. FOR MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS AND MEXICAN AMERICANS, THE "ACCULTURATION" FRAMEWORK HAS PROVEN ESPECIALLY USEFUL TO EXPLORE DISPARITIES, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC RISKS IN CHILDHOOD. COMPLEXITIES OF STRESS ASSESSMENTS AND RECENT RESEARCH INTO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MEDIATING EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL, NUTRITIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL STRESS ARE REVIEWED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15  1058  36 CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY, DEPRESSION, OR ANXIETY. PURPOSE: SUSTAINED HIGH STRESS EXPOSURE RESULTS IN CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM, DYSREGULATED STRESS RESPONSES, HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, AND POOR LATER-LIFE HEALTH. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS FACE STRESSORS RELATED TO THEIR CONDITION IN ADDITION TO THOSE TYPICAL OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, PLACING THEM AT RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECONDARY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE WHETHER YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS DIFFER FROM CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TWO DATASETS, THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD OF A TERTIARY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND DATA FROM THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN, COMPARED YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS TO CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES EXPLORED WHETHER PARENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCED THESE RELATIONSHIPS. RESULTS: ANALYSES IDENTIFIED DIFFERENCES IN BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE BETWEEN YOUTH WITH FOOD ALLERGY, ANXIETY, OR DEPRESSION, AND CONTROLS. THESE RELATIONSHIPS DIFFERED FOR MALES AND FEMALES AND FOR THOSE WITH COMORBID MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, AND WERE INFLUENCED BY PARENT STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS SUPPORT FUTURE STUDIES EXPLORING WHETHER HIGH STRESS IN YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS LEADS TO INCREASED ALLOSTATIC LOAD. INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS WILL PROVIDE CRITICAL INSIGHTS. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: YOUTH WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CHCS MAY BE AT INCREASED RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, REFLECTED IN CLINICAL MEASURES OF METABOLISM, AND SHOULD HAVE REGULAR ASSESSMENTS OF THEIR METABOLIC HEALTH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
16  4622  27 NEUROBIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. NEUROBIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MAY BE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DELETERIOUS IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, AND THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN HAS BEEN WELL-DOCUMENTED. THE CURRENT REVIEW ADDRESSES THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTERPERSONAL TRAUMA IN CHILDHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, EMOTION REGULATION, AND DISSOCIATION/INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS. SUBSEQUENT RISK FOR PTSD AND DEPRESSION IS ALSO DISCUSSED. THE PATHWAY OF RISK FROM CHILDHOOD TRAUMA TO THESE COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, AND PSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES IS ADDRESSED IN TERMS OF POTENTIAL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND AMYGDALA RESULTING FROM CHRONIC OR REPEATED ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS AND ITS INTERACTION WITH AND INFLUENCE ON GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES DURING SENSITIVE PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE ARE DISCUSSED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  6375  44 THE ROLE OF NEURO-IMMUNE INTERACTION IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS; FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROME, NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION, AND PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES ARE INCREASINGLY DIAGNOSED IN CHRONICALLY ILL PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH AN ARRAY OF SYMPTOMS NOT ATTRIBUTED TO PHYSICAL AILMENTS. CONDITIONS SUCH AS CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME, OR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME ARE COMMON DISORDERS THAT BELONG IN THIS BROAD CATEGORY. SUCH SYNDROMES ARE CHARACTERISED BY THE PRESENCE OF ONE OR MULTIPLE CHRONIC SYMPTOMS INCLUDING WIDESPREAD MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISORDERS, AND ABDOMINAL PAIN, AMONGST OTHER ISSUES. SYMPTOMS ARE BELIEVED TO RELATE TO A COMPLEX INTERACTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, WHERE A DEFINITE AETIOLOGY HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED. THEORIES SUGGEST CAUSATIVE PATHWAYS BETWEEN THE IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERAL RISK FACTORS IDENTIFIED IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ONE OR MORE FUNCTIONAL SYNDROMES. RISK FACTORS INCLUDING STRESS AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ARE NOW RECOGNISED AS IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL, AND SEXUAL ABUSE DURING CHILDHOOD IS CONSIDERED A SEVERE STRESSOR HAVING A HIGH PREVALENCE IN FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROME SUFFERS. SUCH TRAUMA PERMANENTLY ALTERS THE BIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE OF THE SUFFERS LEADING TO NEUROEXCITATORY AND OTHER NERVE ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN IN ADULTS. TRAUMATIC AND CHRONIC STRESS RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN STRESS RESPONSE GENES, WHICH ULTIMATELY LEADS TO DYSREGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AXIS, THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MANIFESTING IN A BROAD ARRAY OF SYMPTOMS. IMPORTANTLY, THESE SYSTEMS ARE KNOWN TO BE DYSREGULATED IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROME. FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES ARE ALSO HIGHLY PREVALENT CO-MORBIDITIES OF PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS, MOOD DISORDERS, AND ANXIETY. CONSEQUENTLY, THIS REVIEW AIMS TO PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE ROLE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHRONIC PAIN DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, AND CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18   639  46 BIOMARKERS FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A MULTIFACETED CONDITION THAT AFFECTS MOST BODY SYSTEMS. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO KNOWN DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; INSTEAD, DIAGNOSIS IS DEPENDENT ON APPLICATION OF SYMPTOM-BASED CASE CRITERIA FOLLOWING EXCLUSION OF ANY OTHER POTENTIAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS. WHILE THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT REPORT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ME/CFS, THEIR EFFICACY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO COLLATE AND APPRAISE LITERATURE PERTAINING TO A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER(S) WHICH MAY EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATE ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES AND COCHRANE REVIEW GUIDELINES. PUBMED, EMBASE AND SCOPUS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES CONTAINING "BIOMARKER" AND "ME/CFS" KEYWORDS IN THE ABSTRACT OR TITLE AND IF THEY INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: (1) WERE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN DECEMBER 1994 AND APRIL 2022; (2) INVOLVED ADULT HUMAN PARTICIPANTS; (3) FULL TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH (4) ORIGINAL RESEARCH; (5) DIAGNOSIS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS MADE ACCORDING TO THE FUKUDA CRITERIA (1994), CANADIAN CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2003), INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2011) OR INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE CRITERIA (2015); (6) STUDY INVESTIGATED POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ME/CFS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUALITY AND BIAS WERE ASSESSED USING THE JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST FOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 101 PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RANGED FROM GENETIC/EPIGENETIC (19.8%), IMMUNOLOGICAL (29.7%), METABOLOMICS/MITOCHONDRIAL/MICROBIOME (14.85%), ENDOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY (17.82%), NEUROLOGICAL (7.92%), ION CHANNEL (8.91%) AND PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS (8.91%). MOST OF THE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS REPORTED WERE BLOOD-BASED (79.2%). USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE ME/CFS PATHOLOGY WAS PROMINENT AMONG IMMUNE-BASED BIOMARKERS. MOST BIOMARKERS HAD SECONDARY (43.56%) OR TERTIARY (54.47%) SELECTIVITY, WHICH IS THE ABILITY FOR THE BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY A DISEASE-CAUSING AGENT, AND A MODERATE (59.40%) TO COMPLEX (39.60%) EASE-OF-DETECTION, INCLUDING THE REQUIREMENT OF SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT. CONCLUSIONS: ALL POTENTIAL ME/CFS BIOMARKERS DIFFERED IN EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND TRANSLATABILITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. REPRODUCIBILITY OF FINDINGS BETWEEN THE INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS WERE LIMITED, HOWEVER, SEVERAL STUDIES VALIDATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ME/CFS AND THE USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOMECHANISM OF ILLNESS. THE HETEROGENEITY SHOWN ACROSS MANY OF THE INCLUDED STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND UNIFORM PROTOCOLS IN ME/CFS BIOMARKER RESEARCH.	2023	

19  3630  49 INCLUSION OF SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH TO ADVANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) CONSIDER SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH DISPARITIES IN PATIENTS AND POPULATIONS. THE MOST COMMON HEALTH-RELATED SDOH EXPOSURES ARE FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY, FINANCIAL INSTABILITY, TRANSPORTATION NEEDS, LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS. THESE DOMAINS DESCRIBE RISKS THAT CAN IMPACT HEALTH OUTCOMES MORE THAN HEALTH CARE. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT SDOH FACTORS REPRESENT EXPOSURES THAT PREDICT HARM AND IMPACT THE HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL GUIDELINES URGE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TO ADDRESS SDOH IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS INTO BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, HOWEVER, IS LAGGING. HEREIN, WE CONSIDER A PRECISION HEALTH FRAMEWORK TO DESCRIBE HOW SDOH CONTRIBUTES TO THE EXPOSOME AND EXACERBATES PHYSIOLOGIC PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASE. SDOH FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF STRESSORS THAT IMPACT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THROUGH EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND REDOX REGULATION. MANY SDOH EXPOSURES MAY ADD TO OR POTENTIATE THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. THIS OVERVIEW AIMS TO INFORM BASIC LIFE SCIENCE AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHERS ABOUT SDOH EXPOSURES THAT CAN CONFOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLASSIC BIOMEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. TO ADVANCE THE STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY THROUGH EITHER QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURES TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, A MORE COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SHOULD INCLUDE SDOH EXPOSURES. WE DISCUSS COMMON APPROACHES TO MEASURE SDOH FACTORS AT INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION LEVELS AND REVIEW THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SDOH RISK FACTORS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS THAT INFLUENCE CHRONIC DISEASE. WE PROVIDE CLINICAL AND POLICY-BASED MOTIVATION TO ENCOURAGE RESEARCHERS TO CONSIDER THE IMPACT OF SDOH EXPOSURES ON STUDY RESULTS AND DATA INTERPRETATION. WITH VALID MEASURES OF SDOH FACTORS INCORPORATED INTO STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSES, FUTURE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN EVIDENCE BASE THAT CAN BETTER INFORM PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS, TO IMPROVE EQUITABLE CLINICAL CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH. (C) 2022 WILEY PERIODICALS LLC.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20   704  30 BUILDING RESILIENCE AGAINST THE SEQUELAE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES: RISE UP, CHANGE YOUR LIFE, AND REFORM HEALTH CARE. A REFORMED APPROACH TO HEALTH CARE TACKLES HEALTH AT ITS ROOTS. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) IN THOSE EXPOSED TO THEM MAY CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE ROOT CAUSES OF MANY DISEASES OF LIFESTYLE. ACES ARE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES, SUCH AS PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND EXPOSURE TO RISKY FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS. IN 1998, A GROUND-BREAKING STUDY FOUND THAT NEARLY 70% OF AMERICANS EXPERIENCE AT LEAST 1 ACE IN THEIR LIFETIME, AND GRADED EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS, HEART DISEASE, CANCER, AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES. OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, EVIDENCE HAS DEMONSTRATED FURTHER DISEASE RISK, OUTCOMES, AND EPIGENETIC UNDERPINNINGS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH ACES. BUILDING RESILIENCE-THE CAPACITY TO ADAPT IN HEALTHY WAYS TO TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES-THROUGH LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION OFFERS POTENTIAL TO COMBAT THE NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ACES. EMERGING RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES RESILIENCE IS CULTIVATED THROUGH INDIVIDUAL SKILLS (EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING, AND FOSTERING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES), AND NURTURING SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIPS. BEING MINDFUL OF THE IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF ACES AND DIVERSITY OF INDIVIDUALS' EXPERIENCES IN SOCIETY WILL HELP BUILD RESILIENCE AND COMBAT THE ROOT CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO CULTIVATE THAT AWARENESS AND WILL DISCUSS 3 OBJECTIVES: TO DISCUSS THE EFFECTS AND HYPOTHESIZED PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN CHILDHOOD ON HEALTH AND WELLBEING THROUGHOUT LIFE, TO PRESENT WAYS WE CAN PROMOTE RESILIENCE IN OUR DAILY LIVES AND PATIENT ENCOUNTERS, AND TO DEMONSTRATE HOW ADVOCACY FOR THE REDUCTION OF ACES AND PROMOTION OF RESILIENT, TRAUMA-INFORMED ENVIRONMENTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO HEALTH CARE REFORM.	2019