1  6111 83 THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE AT GENE PROMOTERS DETERMINES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC LPS TOLERANCE. SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS (SF) DRIVE INFLAMMATION AND JOINT DESTRUCTION IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS. HERE WE SHOW THAT SF POSSESS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LPS TOLERANCE COMPARED TO MACROPHAGES AND OTHER TYPES OF FIBROBLASTS. IN SF AND DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE AFTER REPEATED LPS STIMULATION INCLUDED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, WHEREAS ANTI-VIRAL GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE. IN MACROPHAGES, ALL MEASURED GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE, WHEREAS IN GINGIVAL AND FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS THESE GENES WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE. REPEATED STIMULATION OF SF WITH LPS RESULTED IN LOSS OF ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS ONLY IN PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES. THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES WAS SIMILAR IN UNSTIMULATED SF AND MONOCYTES, WHEREAS THE BASAL CONFIGURATION OF HISTONE MARKS PROFOUNDLY DIFFERED IN GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE IN SF ONLY. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC CONFIGURATION AT GENE PROMOTERS REGULATES CELL-SPECIFIC LPS-INDUCED RESPONSES AND PRIMES SF TO SUSTAIN THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2  5760 25 SOLUBLE URIC ACID PRIMES TLR-INDUCED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF IL-1RA. OBJECTIVES: THE STUDY OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF URIC ACID HAS FOCUSED ON THE EFFECTS OF ITS CRYSTALS OF MONOSODIUM URATE (MSU). HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN WHETHER URIC ACID ITSELF CAN DIRECTLY HAVE PROINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATE THE PRIMING EFFECTS OF URIC ACID EXPOSURE ON THE CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY HUMAN CELLS UPON STIMULATION WITH GOUT-RELATED STIMULI. METHODS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE HARVESTED FROM PATIENTS WITH GOUT AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH OR WITHOUT URIC ACID IN SOLUBLE FORM FOR 24 H AND THEN STIMULATED FOR 24 H WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR)2 OR TLR4 LIGANDS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF MSU CRYSTALS. CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS MEASURED BY ELISA; MRNA LEVELS WERE ASSESSED USING QPCR. RESULTS: THE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND THIS CORRELATED WITH SERUM URATE LEVELS. PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED WHEN CELLS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE PRETREATED WITH URIC ACID. SURPRISINGLY, THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA). THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO STIMULATION BY URIC ACID AND WAS EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AT THE LEVEL OF HISTONE METHYLATION BY URIC ACID WAS INVOLVED IN THIS EFFECT. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE A MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID (UP TO 50 MG/DL) INFLUENCE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES BY FACILITATING IL-1BETA PRODUCTION IN PBMCS. WE SHOW THAT A MECHANISM FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF IL-1BETA CONSISTS IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF IL-1RA AND THAT THIS EFFECT COULD BE EXERTED VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE METHYLATION. HYPERURICAEMIA CAUSES A SHIFT IN THE IL-1BETA/IL-1RA BALANCE PRODUCED BY PBMCS AFTER EXPOSURE TO MSU CRYSTALS AND TLR-MEDIATED STIMULI, AND THIS PHENOMENON IS LIKELY TO REINFORCE THE ENHANCED STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
3  6540 27 TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL REPROGRAMMING OF MONOCYTES FROM NON-HUMAN PRIMATES FOLLOWING CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING. CHRONIC HEAVY DRINKING (CHD) OF ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTION AS WELL AS IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DEFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ORIGINATING FROM MYELOID CELLS, NOTABLY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES, BUT THE MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR ABILITY TO STUDY CHD IS IMPACTED BY THE COMPLEXITIES OF HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS COMORBIDITIES AND CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES, WE UTILIZED A TRANSLATIONAL RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION THAT CLOSELY RECAPITULATES HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND CHRONICITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHD ON BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CONTROL AND CHD FEMALE MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF DAILY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. WHILE MONOCYTES FROM CHD FEMALE MACAQUES GENERATED A HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO EX VIVO LPS STIMULATION, THEIR RESPONSE TO E. COLI WAS DAMPENED. IN DEPTH SCRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED MONOCYTES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT SHIFTS IN CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSETS WITH ACCUMULATION OF CELLS EXPRESSING MARKERS OF HYPOXIA (HIF1A) AND INFLAMMATION (NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN CHD MACAQUES. THE INCREASED PRESENCE OF MONOCYTE SUBSETS SKEWED TOWARDS INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES WAS COMPLEMENTED BY EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS, WHICH REVEALED HIGHER ACCESSIBILITY OF PROMOTER REGIONS THAT REGULATE GENES INVOLVED IN CYTOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, DATA PRESENTED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT DEMONSTRATE THAT CHD SHIFTS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION AND PRIMES THE MONOCYTES TOWARDS A MORE HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO LPS, BUT COMPROMISED PATHOGEN RESPONSE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
4  3159 24 GLYPHOSATE PRIMES MAMMARY CELLS FOR TUMORIGENESIS BY REPROGRAMMING THE EPIGENOME IN A TET3-DEPENDENT MANNER. THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT POLLUTANTS MIGHT INFLUENCE THE EPIGENOME RAISES SERIOUS CONCERNS REGARDING THEIR LONG-TERM IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE HAS BEEN SCRUTINIZED FOR AN IMPACT ON CANCER INCIDENCE, BUT REPORTS DEMONSTRATE THE DIFFICULTY OF LINKING ESTIMATES OF EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE ANALYSIS. AN APPROACH TO BETTER APPREHEND A POTENTIAL RISK IMPACT FOR CANCER IS TO FOLLOW A SYNERGISTIC APPROACH, AS CANCER RARELY OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO ONE RISK FACTOR. THE KNOWN INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE ON ESTROGEN-REGULATED PATHWAY MAKES IT A LOGICAL TARGET OF INVESTIGATION IN BREAST CANCER RESEARCH. WE HAVE USED NONNEOPLASTIC MCF10A CELLS IN A REPEATED GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE PATTERN OVER 21 DAYS. GLYPHOSATE TRIGGERED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN DNA METHYLATION, AS SHOWN BY THE LEVEL OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE DNA; HOWEVER, IN CONTRAST TO STRONG DEMETHYLATING AGENT AND CANCER PROMOTER UP PEPTIDE, GLYPHOSATE-TREATED CELLS DID NOT LEAD TO TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. WHEREAS UP ACTS THROUGH A DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 PATHWAY, GLYPHOSATE TRIGGERED INCREASED ACTIVITY OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET)3. COMBINING GLYPHOSATE WITH ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA (MIR) 182-5P ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER INDUCED TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN 50% OF MICE. CULTURE OF PRIMARY CELLS FROM RESECTED TUMORS REVEALED A LUMINAL B (ER+/PR-/HER2-) PHENOTYPE IN RESPONSE TO GLYPHOSATE-MIR182-5P EXPOSURE WITH SENSITIVITY TO TAMOXIFEN AND INVASIVE AND MIGRATORY POTENTIALS. TUMOR DEVELOPMENT COULD BE PREVENTED EITHER BY SPECIFICALLY INHIBITING MIR 182-5P OR BY TREATING GLYPHOSATE-MIR 182-5P-CELLS WITH DIMETHYLOXALLYL GLYCINE, AN INHIBITOR OF TET PATHWAY. LOOKING FOR POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MARKS OF TET-MEDIATED GENE REGULATION UNDER GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE, WE IDENTIFIED MTRNR2L2 AND DUX4 GENES, THE HYPOMETHYLATION OF WHICH WAS SUSTAINED EVEN AFTER STOPPING GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE FOR 6 WEEKS. OUR FINDINGS REVEAL THAT LOW PRESSURE BUT SUSTAINED DNA HYPOMETHYLATION OCCURRING VIA THE TET PATHWAY PRIMES CELLS FOR ONCOGENIC RESPONSE IN THE PRESENCE OF ANOTHER POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR. THESE RESULTS WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF GLYPHOSATE-MEDIATED BREAST CANCER RISK.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  4947 24 PATERNAL SEPSIS INDUCES ALTERATIONS OF THE SPERM METHYLOME AND DAMPENS OFFSPRING IMMUNE RESPONSES-AN ANIMAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: SEPSIS REPRESENTS THE UTMOST SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF INFECTION, INVOLVING A DYSREGULATED AND SELF-DAMAGING IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE HOST. WHILE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES LIKE CHRONIC STRESS OR MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN WELL DESCRIBED TO REPROGRAM THE GERMLINE AND SUBSEQUENTLY OFFSPRING ATTRIBUTES, THE INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF SEPSIS AS A TREMENDOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL STRESSOR HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET. METHODS: POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS IN 12-WEEK-OLD MALE C57BL/6 MICE WAS INDUCED BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP), FOLLOWED BY A MATING OF THE MALE SURVIVORS (OR APPROPRIATE SHAM CONTROL ANIMALS) 6 WEEKS LATER WITH HEALTHY FEMALES. ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF OFFSPRING ANIMALS WERE ISOLATED AND STIMULATED WITH EITHER LPS OR ZYMOSAN, AND SUPERNATANT LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA WERE QUANTIFIED BY ELISA. FURTHERMORE, SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE RESPONSE TO INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED LPS WAS ASSESSED AFTER 24 H. ALSO, MORPHOLOGY, MOTILITY, AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF THE SEPSIS SURVIVORS' SPERM WAS EXAMINED. RESULTS: COMPARATIVE REDUCED REDUCTION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) OF SPERM REVEALED CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION (N = 381), MOST PRONOUNCED IN THE INTERGENIC GENOME AS WELL AS WITHIN INTRONS OF DEVELOPMENTALLY RELEVANT GENES. OFFSPRING OF SEPSIS FATHERS EXHIBITED A SLIGHT DECREASE IN BODY WEIGHT, WITH A MORE PRONOUNCED WEIGHT DIFFERENCE IN MALE ANIMALS (CLP VS. SHAM). MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS, BUT NOT FEMALE DESCENDANTS, EXHIBITED LOWER PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND IL-10 24 H AFTER INJECTION OF LPS. IN LINE, ONLY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS PRODUCED LESS TNF-ALPHA UPON ZYMOSAN STIMULATION COMPARED TO SHAM DESCENDANTS, WHILE LPS RESPONSES KEPT UNCHANGED. CONCLUSION: WE CAN PROVE THAT MALE-BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT FEMALE-DESCENDANTS OF POST-SEPSIS FATHERS SHOW A DAMPENED SYSTEMIC AS WELL AS PULMONARY IMMUNE RESPONSE. BASED ON THIS OBSERVATION OF AN IMMUNE HYPO-RESPONSIVITY, WE PROPOSE THAT MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS ARE AT RISK TO DEVELOP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MIGHT BENEFIT FROM THERAPEUTIC IMMUNE MODULATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6   744 35 CANNABINOID WIN55,212-2 REPROGRAMS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO INHIBIT LPS-INDUCED INFLAMMATION. INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC OR UNCONTROLLED ACTIVATION OF MYELOID CELLS INCLUDING MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS) IS A HALLMARK OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL DRUGS WITH THE CAPACITY TO IMPAIR INNATE IMMUNE CELL OVERACTIVATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. COMPELLING EVIDENCE POINTED OUT CANNABINOIDS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY. WIN55,212-2, A NON-SELECTIVE SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID AGONIST, DISPLAYS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS BY MECHANISMS PARTIALLY DEPENDING ON THE GENERATION OF TOLEROGENIC DCS ABLE TO INDUCE FUNCTIONAL REGULATORY T CELLS (TREGS). HOWEVER, ITS IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY ON OTHER MYELOID CELLS SUCH AS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES REMAINS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DCS (HMODCS) WERE DIFFERENTIATED IN THE ABSENCE (CONVENTIONAL HMODCS) OR PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 (WIN-HMODCS). CELLS WERE STIMULATED WITH LPS, COCULTURED WITH NAIVE T LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND ABILITY TO INDUCE T CELL RESPONSES WERE ANALYSED BY ELISA OR FLOW CYTOMETRY. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF WIN55,212-2 IN MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, HUMAN AND MURINE MACROPHAGES WERE ACTIVATED WITH LPS OR LPS/IFNGAMMA, IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE CANNABINOID. CYTOKINE, COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES AND INFLAMMASOME MARKERS WERE ASSAYED. METABOLIC AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE ALSO PERFORMED. FINALLY, THE PROTECTIVE CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 WAS STUDIED IN VIVO IN BALB/C MICE AFTER INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH LPS. RESULTS: WE SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HMODCS IN THE PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 GENERATES TOLEROGENIC WIN-HMODCS THAT ARE LESS RESPONSIVE TO LPS STIMULATION AND ABLE TO PRIME TREGS. WIN55,212-2 ALSO IMPAIRS THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY POLARIZATION OF HUMAN MACROPHAGES BY INHIBITING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION AND RESCUING MACROPHAGES FROM PYROPTOTIC CELL DEATH. MECHANISTICALLY, WIN55,212-2 INDUCED A METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC SHIFT IN MACROPHAGES BY DECREASING LPS-INDUCED MTORC1 SIGNALING, COMMITMENT TO GLYCOLYSIS AND ACTIVE HISTONE MARKS IN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PROMOTERS. WE CONFIRMED THESE DATA IN EX VIVO LPS-STIMULATED PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES (PMPHIS), WHICH WERE ALSO SUPPORTED BY THE IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 IN A LPS-INDUCED SEPSIS MOUSE MODEL. CONCLUSION: OVERALL, WE SHED LIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH CANNABINOIDS EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN MYELOID CELLS, WHICH MIGHT WELL CONTRIBUTE TO THE FUTURE RATIONAL DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS.	2023	

7  3760 24 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW. CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL DRINKING (CHD) REWIRES MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TOWARD HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES THAT PERSIST AFTER 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCPS) FROM CHD RHESUS MACAQUES USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION WITHIN BONE MARROW RESIDENT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES. FURTHERMORE, CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS IN HSCP. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARD MONOCYTES EXPRESSING "NEUTROPHIL-LIKE" MARKERS WITH GREATER INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. FURTHER ANALYSES OF HSCPS SHOWED BROAD EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT WERE IN LINE WITH EXACERBATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES WITHIN MONOCYTES AND THEIR PROGENITORS. IN SUMMARY, CHD ALTERS HSCPS IN THE BONE MARROW LEADING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES POISED TO GENERATE DYSREGULATED HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  4141 16 MECHANISMS OF POST-CRITICAL ILLNESS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. PROLONGED CRITICAL CARE STAYS COMMONLY FOLLOW TRAUMA, SEVERE BURN INJURY, SEPSIS, ARDS, AND COMPLICATIONS OF MAJOR SURGERY. ALTHOUGH PATIENTS LEAVE CRITICAL CARE FOLLOWING HOMEOSTATIC RECOVERY, SIGNIFICANT ADDITIONAL DISEASES AFFECT THESE PATIENTS DURING AND BEYOND THE CONVALESCENT PHASE. NEW CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DISEASE IS COMMONLY SEEN AND ROUGHLY ONE THIRD OF ALL DEATHS IN THE YEAR FOLLOWING DISCHARGE FROM CRITICAL CARE MAY COME FROM THIS CLUSTER OF DISEASES. DURING PROLONGED CRITICAL CARE STAYS, THE IMMUNOMETABOLIC, INFLAMMATORY AND NEUROHUMORAL RESPONSE TO SEVERE ILLNESS IN CONJUNCTION WITH RESUSCITATIVE TREATMENTS PRIMES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND PARENCHYMAL TISSUES TO DEVELOP A LONG-LIVED PRO-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOSENESCENT STATE. THIS STATE IS PERPETUATED BY PERSISTENT TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING, FREE RADICAL MEDIATED ISOLEVUGLANDIN PROTEIN ADDUCT FORMATION AND PRESENTATION BY ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS, ABNORMAL CIRCULATING HDL AND LDL ISOFORMS, REDOX AND METABOLITE MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF THE INNATE IMMUNE ARM (TRAINED IMMUNITY), AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE THROUGH T-CELL EXHAUSTION/ANERGY THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE T-CELL GENOME. UNDER THIS STATE, TISSUE REMODELING IN THE VASCULAR, CARDIAC, AND RENAL PARENCHYMAL BEDS OCCURS THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF PRO-FIBROTIC CELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS, CAUSING VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ADVERSE CARDIAC REMODELING AND DYSFUNCTION, AND PROTEINURIA AND ACCELERATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  4041 23 MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A NEXUS OF PATHOLOGICAL REMODELLING WITH THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC SKELETAL MUSCLE NECROSIS, LEADING TO MUSCLE REGENERATION FAILURE AND FIBROSIS. ALTHOUGH MACROPHAGES (MPS) ARE NORMALLY ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE REGENERATION, DYSREGULATED MP FUNCTION PROMOTES PATHOLOGICAL MUSCLE REMODELLING. INFILTRATING MPS CAN BE PREDOMINANTLY PRO-INFLAMMATORY (M1 BIASED), ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (M2 BIASED) OR OF A MIXED PHENOTYPE AND CAN ORIGINATE FROM THE ADULT BONE MARROW (MONOCYTE DEPENDENT) OR EMBRYONIC PRECURSORS (MONOCYTE INDEPENDENT). IN MDX MICE (GENETIC MODEL OF DMD) LACKING EITHER TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) 2 OR TLR4, IT IS FOUND THAT MP INFILTRATION OF DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AND THAT THE MP PHENOTYPE IS SHIFTED TOWARD A MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE. THIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSCLE HISTOLOGY AND FORCE PRODUCTION. LACK OF THE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2, WHICH IMPEDES MONOCYTE RELEASE FROM THE BONE MARROW, LEADS TO SIMILAR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN MDX MICE. EVIDENCE WAS ALSO FOUND FOR TLR4-REGULATED INDUCTION OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY IN MPS CULTURED FROM THE BONE MARROW OF MDX MICE BEFORE THEIR ENTRY INTO THE MUSCLE. THESE MPS EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, ACCOMPANIED BY NON-SPECIFIC HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS TO MULTIPLE STIMULI, WHICH IS MANIFESTED BY POTENTIATED UPREGULATION OF BOTH PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GENES. IN SUMMARY, EXAGGERATED RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MPS AND SIGNS OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY AT THE LEVEL OF THE BONE MARROW ARE FEATURES OF THE IMMUNOPHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE DISEASE. THESE PHENOMENA ARE REGULATED BY TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS THAT BIND ENDOGENOUS DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN (DAMP) MOLECULES, SUGGESTING THAT DAMP RELEASE FROM DYSTROPHIC MUSCLES MODULATES MP PLASTICITY AT THE BONE MARROW LEVEL THROUGH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-DRIVEN MECHANISMS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
10  5417 31 REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SYNOVIOCYTES. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN WHICH FIBROBLAST-LIKE SYNOVIOCYTES (FLS) EXHIBIT AN AGGRESSIVE PHENOTYPE. ALTHOUGH THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE ARE NOT WELL DEFINED, EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) ARE CRITICAL ENZYMES THAT ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN DNA METHYLATION. WE EVALUATED WHETHER PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED IN RA FLS THROUGH ALTERED DNMT EXPRESSION. FLS WERE OBTAINED FROM RA AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) SYNOVIUM AT THE TIME OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT. GENE EXPRESSION WAS DETERMINED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. DNMT ACTIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH A FUNCTIONAL ASSAY, AND GLOBAL METHYLATION WAS DETERMINED BY AN IMMUNOASSAY THAT DETECTS METHYLCYTOSINE. RESTING EXPRESSION OF DNMT1, -3A, AND -3B MRNA WERE SIMILAR IN RA AND OA FLS. WESTERN BLOT SHOWED ABUNDANT DNMT1 AND DNMT3A PROTEIN. EXPOSURE TO IL-1 DECREASED DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA EXPRESSION IN FLS. DOSE RESPONSES DEMONSTRATED DECREASED DNMT EXPRESSION AT CONCENTRATIONS AS LOW AS 1 PG/ML OF IL-1. DNMT MRNA LEVELS DECREASED RAPIDLY, WITH SIGNIFICANT SUPPRESSION AFTER 2-8 H OF IL-1 STIMULATION. IL-1 STIMULATION OF OA FLS DID NOT AFFECT METHYLATION OF LINE1 SITES BUT LED TO DEMETHYLATION OF A CHI3L1 LOCUS THAT IS HYPOMETHYLATED IN RA FLS. CHRONIC IL-1 STIMULATION ALSO MIMICKED THE EFFECT OF A DNMT INHIBITOR ON FLS GENE EXPRESSION. EXPOSURE TO PROINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS REVERSIBLY ALTERS DNA METHYLATION IN FLS BY DECREASING DNMT EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT IL-1 CAN POTENTIALLY IMPRINT CELLS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11  3342 22 HISTONE DEACETYLASE9 REPRESENTS THE EPIGENETIC PROMOTION OF M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE VIA TLR4 REGULATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MEDIATED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, WHERE EPIGENETIC REGULATION INVOLVING HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS ENVISAGED TO MODULATE THE EXPRESSION OF RELATED PROTEINS BY REGULATING THE BINDING OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS TO DNA, THEREBY INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THE MECHANISM OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS PARTLY KNOWN; HENCE, THIS PROJECT AIMED AT INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDAC9) IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, SERUM WAS SEPARATED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES FOLLOWING CLOTTING AND CENTRIFUGATION FROM ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND HEALTHY PATIENTS (N = 40 EACH), AND THEN, VARIOUS TESTS WERE PERFORMED. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 (TLR4) WAS NOT ONLY POSITIVELY CORRELATED TO THE HDAC9 GENE, BUT WAS ALSO UPREGULATED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHERE IT WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS CELL MODEL OF OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-INDUCED MACROPHAGES. CONVERSELY, THE TLR4 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN INSTANCES OF LOSS OF HDAC9 FUNCTION, CEMENTING THE BRIDGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HDAC9 AND MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, WHERE THE HDAC9 WAS FOUND TO UPREGULATE M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION WHICH TRANSLATED INTO THE RELEASE OF HIGHER CONTENT OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES SUCH AS INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA) AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WHICH TEND TO SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASE FOLLOWING THE DELETION OF TLR4. HENCE, THIS STUDY REPORTS NOVEL RELATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHICH COULD PARTLY BE EXPLAINED BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  5223 22 PRIMARY MURINE CD4+ T CELLS FAIL TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE EFFECTOR CYTOKINES WHEN ACTIVE RAS IS PRESENT DURING TH1/TH2 DIFFERENTIATION. CONSTITUTIVE RAS SIGNALING HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AUGMENT IL-2 PRODUCTION, REVERSE ANERGY, AND FUNCTIONALLY REPLACE MANY ASPECTS OF CD28 CO-STIMULATION IN CD4+ T CELLS. THESE DATA RAISE THE POSSIBILITY THAT INTRODUCTION OF ACTIVE RAS INTO PRIMARY T CELLS MIGHT RESULT IN IMPROVED FUNCTIONALITY IN PATHOLOGIC SITUATIONS OF T CELL DYSFUNCTION, SUCH AS CANCER OR CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION. TO TEST THE BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ACTIVE RAS IN PRIMARY T CELLS, CD4+ T CELLS FROM COXSACKIE-ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR TRANSGENIC MICE WERE TRANSDUCED WITH AN ADENOVIRUS ENCODING ACTIVE RAS. AS EXPECTED, ACTIVE RAS AUGMENTED IL-2 PRODUCTION IN NAIVE CD4+ T CELLS. HOWEVER, WHEN CELLS WERE CULTURED FOR 4 DAYS UNDER CONDITIONS TO PROMOTE EFFECTOR CELL DIFFERENTIATION, ACTIVE RAS INHIBITED THE ABILITY OF CD4+ T CELLS TO ACQUIRE A TH1 OR TH2 EFFECTOR CYTOKINE PROFILE. THIS DIFFERENTIATION DEFECT WAS NOT DUE TO DEFICIENT STAT4 OR STAT6 ACTIVATION BY IL-12 OR IL-4, RESPECTIVELY, NOR WAS IT ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENT INDUCTION OF T-BET AND GATA-3 EXPRESSION. IMPAIRED EFFECTOR CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN ACTIVE RAS-TRANSDUCED CELLS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENT DEMETHYLATION OF THE IL-4 GENE LOCUS. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT, DESPITE AUGMENTING ACUTE ACTIVATION OF NAIVE T CELLS, CONSTITUTIVE RAS SIGNALING INHIBITS THE ABILITY OF CD4+ T CELLS TO PROPERLY DIFFERENTIATE INTO TH1/TH2 EFFECTOR CYTOKINE-PRODUCING CELLS, IN PART BY INTERFERING WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF EFFECTOR GENE LOCI. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES TO POTENTIATE RAS PATHWAY SIGNALING IN T CELLS IN A MORE REGULATED FASHION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO IMPROVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VIVO.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  5868 26 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14  3456 24 HYPOMETHYLATION OF IL1RN AND NFKB1 GENES IS LINKED TO THE DYSBALANCE IN IL1BETA/IL-1RA AXIS IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. INFLAMMATION HAS RECEIVED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). SUPPORTING THIS CONCEPT, ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND INCREASED INFILTRATION OF MACROPHAGES ARE OBSERVED IN PANCREATIC ISLETS OF PATIENTS WITH T2DM. ALTHOUGH IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA) PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN CONTROLLING OF IL-1BETA-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION, ITS COUNTERACTION EFFECTS AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN T2DM ARE LESS STUDIED. THUS, WE AIMED TO ANALYZE THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN IL1RN, RELA (P65) AND NFKB1 (P50) GENES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM TREATED T2DM PATIENTS (N = 35) AND AGE-/SEX- MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (N = 31). PRODUCTION OF IL-1BETA AND IL-1RA WAS ANALYZED IN PLASMA AND SUPERNATANTS FROM LPS-INDUCED PBMCS. IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF IL-1BETA AND IL-1RA WERE STUDIED ON THP-1 CELLS. AVERAGE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF IL1RN AND NFKB1 GENE PROMOTERS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN T2DM PATIENTS IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS (P< 0.05), WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCREASED IL-1RA (P< 0.001) AND IL-1BETA (P = 0.039) PLASMA LEVELS IN T2DM PATIENTS. NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AVERAGE METHYLATION OF IL1RN GENE AND IL-1RA PLASMA LEVELS WERE OBSERVED IN FEMALE T2DM PATIENTS. METHYLATION OF NFKB1 GENE WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH IL-1RA LEVELS IN THE PATIENTS AND POSITIVELY WITH IL-1BETA LEVELS IN FEMALE PATIENTS. LPS-STIMULATED PBMCS FROM FEMALE PATIENTS FAILED TO RAISE IL-1BETA PRODUCTION, WHILE THE CELLS FROM HEALTHY FEMALES INCREASED IL-1BETA PRODUCTION IN COMPARISON WITH UNSTIMULATED CELLS (P< 0.001). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT HYPOMETHYLATION OF IL1RN AND NFKB1 GENE PROMOTERS MAY PROMOTE THE INCREASED IL-1BETA/IL-1RA PRODUCTION AND REGULATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN T2DM. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NECESSARY TO ELUCIDATE THE CAUSAL DIRECTION OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS AND POTENTIAL ROLE OF IL-1RA IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN TREATED PATIENTS WITH T2DM.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  3759 22 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING REWIRES CIRCULATING MONOCYTES AND TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES TOWARDS HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTI-MICROBIAL DEFENSES. AS THESE EFFECTS REMAIN CONSISTENT IN SHORT-LIVED MONOCYTES AFTER A 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE PERIOD IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE RESTRICTED TO THE PERIPHERY OR MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE PROGENITOR NICHE. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCP) OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT FROM RHESUS MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF ETHANOL CONSUMPTION USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. BONE MARROW-RESIDENT MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES FROM ETHANOL-CONSUMING ANIMALS EXHIBITED HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATION. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARDS MONOCYTES EXPRESSING NEUTROPHIL-LIKE MARKERS WITH HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HSCPS SHOWED REDUCED PROLIFERATION BUT INCREASED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. WE OBSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS AS WELL AS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN IMMATURE AND MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE SHOWED ALTERED DRIVERS OF DIFFERENTIATION IN MONOCYTES AND PROGENITORS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA INDICATE THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL DRINKING RESULTS IN REMODELING OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT LEADING TO ALTERED FUNCTIONS IN THE PERIPHERY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  3953 24 LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA METHYLATION REGULATES TRANSIENT IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. IL-10 IS A PLEIOTROPIC CYTOKINE WITH MULTIFACETED FUNCTIONS IN ESTABLISHING IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSED BY TH1 AND TH2 CELLS, CONVENTIONAL TH1 CELLS PRODUCE MARGINAL LEVELS OF IL-10 COMPARED WITH THEIR TH2 COUNTERPARTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. BIOINFORMATICS EMBOSS CPG PLOT ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING REVEALED THREE CPG DNA METHYLATION SITES IN THE IL-10 GENE LOCUS. PROGRESSIVE DNA METHYLATION AT ALL OF THE CPG REGIONS OF INTEREST (ROIS) ESTABLISHED A REPRESSIVE PROGRAM OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. INTERESTINGLY, TH1 CELLS TREATED WITH IL-12 AND IL-27 CYTOKINES, THEREBY MIMICKING A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION IN VIVO, DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY SELECTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3 LOCATED IN INTRON 3. IL-10-PRODUCING T CELLS ISOLATED FROM LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS-INFECTED MICE ALSO SHOWED ENHANCED DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3. BINDING OF STAT1 AND STAT3 TO DEMETHYLATED ROI 3 ENHANCED IL-10 EXPRESSION IN AN IL-12/IL-27-DEPENDENT MANNER. ACCORDINGLY, CD4(+) T CELLS ISOLATED FROM STAT1- OR STAT3-KNOCKOUT MICE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DEFECTIVE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH STABLY MAINTAINED DNA METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER MAY REPRESS IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS, LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA DEMETHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A THRESHOLD PLATFORM TO CONTROL TRANSIENT IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  2026 20 EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN BONE MARROW PROGENITOR CELLS INFLUENCE THE INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE AND ALTER WOUND HEALING IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. CLASSICALLY ACTIVATED (M1) MACROPHAGES ARE KNOWN TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING IN TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D); HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DOMINANT PROINFLAMMATORY (M1) MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE IN T2D WOUNDS IS UNKNOWN. SINCE EPIGENETIC ENZYMES CAN DIRECT MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPES, WE ASSESSED THE ROLE OF HISTONE METHYLATION IN BONE MARROW (BM) STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE PROGRAMMING OF MACROPHAGES TOWARD A PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. WE HAVE FOUND THAT A REPRESSIVE HISTONE METHYLATION MARK, H3K27ME3, IS DECREASED AT THE PROMOTER OF THE IL-12 GENE IN BM PROGENITORS AND THIS EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IS PASSED DOWN TO WOUND MACROPHAGES IN A MURINE MODEL OF GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE (DIET-INDUCED OBESE). THESE EPIGENETICALLY "PREPROGRAMMED" MACROPHAGES RESULT IN POISED MACROPHAGES IN PERIPHERAL TISSUE AND NEGATIVELY IMPACT WOUND REPAIR. WE FOUND THAT IN DIABETIC CONDITIONS THE H3K27 DEMETHYLASE JMJD3 DRIVES IL-12 PRODUCTION IN MACROPHAGES AND THAT IL-12 PRODUCTION CAN BE MODULATED BY INHIBITING JMJD3. USING HUMAN T2D TISSUE AND MURINE MODELS, WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED MECHANISM BY WHICH MACROPHAGES ARE PROGRAMMED TOWARD A PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE, ESTABLISHING A PATTERN OF UNRESTRAINED INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH NONHEALING WOUNDS. HENCE, HISTONE DEMETHYLASE INHIBITOR-BASED THERAPY MAY REPRESENT A NOVEL TREATMENT OPTION FOR DIABETIC WOUNDS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
18  1715 29 DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET-INDUCED MONOCYTE "PRIMING" AND DYSFUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES IS TRIGGERED BY ELEVATED PLASMA CHOLESTEROL AND ACCOMPANIED BY ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION. MONOCYTES AND THE RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES INTO SITES OF INFLAMMATION PLAY A KEY ROLE IN ATHEROGENESIS AND OTHER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES LINKED TO CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY. PREVIOUS STUDIES FROM OUR GROUP HAVE SHOWN THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING, I.E., ENHANCED ADHESION AND ACCELERATED CHEMOTAXIS OF MONOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO CHEMOKINES, BOTH IN VITRO AND IN DYSLIPIDEMIC LDLR(-/-) MICE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED MONOCYTE DYSFUNCTION IS, AT LEAST TO A LARGE EXTENT CAUSED BY THE S-GLUTATHIONYLATION, INACTIVATION, AND SUBSEQUENT DEGRADATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF A WESTERN-STYLE, DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET (DD), WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF HIGH LEVELS OF SATURATED FAT, CHOLESTEROL, AND SIMPLE SUGARS, ON MONOCYTE (DYS)FUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS). WE FOUND THAT SIMILAR TO MICE, A DD ENHANCES MONOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS IN NHP WITHIN 4 WEEKS, OCCURRING CONCORDANTLY WITH THE ONSET OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA BUT PRIOR TO CHANGES IN TRIGLYCERIDES, BLOOD GLUCOSE, MONOCYTOSIS, OR CHANGES IN MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION. IN ADDITION, WE IDENTIFIED TRANSITORY DECREASES IN THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE LYSINE RESIDUES 18 AND 23 IN METABOLICALLY PRIMED MONOCYTES, AND WE FOUND THAT MONOCYTE PRIMING WAS CORRELATED WITH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 27 AFTER AN 8-WEEK DD REGIMEN. OUR DATA SHOW THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING AND HYPER-CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES IN NHP. THE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ACCOMPANYING MONOCYTE PRIMING IN PRIMATES SUGGEST A REPROGRAMMING OF THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE, WHICH MAY LEAD TO DYSREGULATED RESPONSES AND FUNCTIONALITIES IN MACROPHAGES DERIVED FROM PRIMED MONOCYTES THAT ARE RECRUITED TO SITES OF INFLAMMATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  3553 27 IMMUNOTOLERANCE OF DAIRY HEIFERS IN RESPONSE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN. DAIRY CATTLE FACE A VARIETY OF STRESSFUL EVENTS ON A DAILY BASIS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS RESULTED IN MORE FREQUENT HEAT STRESS EVENTS THAT INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY INDUCING CONDITIONS LIKE LEAKY GUT SYNDROME, WHEREBY THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IS COMPROMISED ALLOWING FOR LUMINAL BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ENDOTOXIN TO INFILTRATE THE HOST'S BLOODSTREAM RESULTING IN ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC STIMULATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LPS OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME IS REPORTED TO INDUCE IMMUNOTOLERANCE WITHIN THE HOST. THIS LPS TOLERANCE IS AN ESSENTIAL IMMUNOHOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE THAT CAN PROTECT AGAINST OVER ACTIVATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURE TO LPS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, HOLSTEIN CALVES (N = 20) WERE INITIALLY STRESS CHALLENGED WITH EITHER SALINE, OR 100, 200 OR 400 NG/KG OF LPS ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULAR, AND AGAIN RE-CHALLENGED WITH 200 NG/KG OF LPS 2-WEEKS LATER. SERUM WAS COLLECTED EVERY 2 HR FOR 6 HR TO PROFILE CHANGES IN CIRCULATORY STRESS BIOMARKERS AFTER THE REPEATED LPS EXPOSURES. HEIFERS THAT WERE INITIALLY CHALLENGED WITH 100, 200 AND 400 NG/KG OF LPS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN THE SECOND CHALLENGE (P < 0.01, 0.01 AND 0.05, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS CONTROL ANIMALS WHO PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED SALINE DEMONSTRATED A STRONG CORTISOL RESPONSE AT 2 HR AFTER RECEIVING 200 NG/KG OF LPS (P < 0.05). THE CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE (IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4) RESPONSES WERE ALSO ATTENUATED DURING THE LPS RECHALLENGE (P < 0.05). FINALLY, MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED TO ASSESS THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO REPEATED LPS EXPOSURE. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-31 AND MIR-223 WERE DOWNREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE SECOND LPS CHALLENGE. THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE STRESS RESPONSE IN DAIRY CATTLE AS IT RELATES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LPS TOLERANCE. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES OF VARIOUS STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNATE IMMUNE CELL TOLERANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING THEIR IMPACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20  4506 22 MRTF-A MEDIATES LPS-INDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION BY INTERACTING WITH THE COMPASS COMPLEX. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION UNDERSCORES THE PATHOGENESIS OF A RANGE OF HUMAN DISEASES. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ELICITS STRONG PRO-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN MACROPHAGES THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF-KAPPAB. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM UNDERLYING LPS-INDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. HEREIN, WE DESCRIBE A ROLE FOR MYOCARDIN-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A (MRTF-A, ALSO KNOWN AS MKL1) IN THIS PROCESS. MRTF-A OVEREXPRESSION ENHANCED NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION, WHEREAS MRTF-A SILENCING INHIBITED THIS PROCESS. MRTF-A DEFICIENCY ALSO REDUCED THE SYNTHESIS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF COLITIS. LPS PROMOTED THE RECRUITMENT OF MRTF-A TO THE PROMOTERS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES IN AN NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT MANNER. RECIPROCALLY, MRTF-A INFLUENCED THE NUCLEAR ENRICHMENT AND TARGET BINDING OF NF-KAPPAB. MECHANISTICALLY, MRTF-A WAS NECESSARY FOR THE ACCUMULATION OF ACTIVE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ON NF-KAPPAB TARGET PROMOTERS BY COMMUNICATING WITH THE HISTONE H3K4 METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX (COMPASS). SILENCING OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF COMPASS, INCLUDING ASH2, WDR5 AND SET1 (ALSO KNOWN AS SETD1A), DOWNREGULATED THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND IMPAIRED THE NF-KAPPAB KINETICS. IN SUMMARY, OUR WORK HAS UNCOVERED A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FUNCTION FOR MRTF-A AND PROVIDED INSIGHTS INTO THE RATIONALIZED DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2014