1   264 118 ADVANCING ASTHMA CARE: THE GLASS IS ONLY HALF FULL! OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, THERE HAS BEEN A CONCERTED EFFORT IN THE UNITED STATES TO REDUCE MORBIDITY RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASE, INCLUDING ASTHMA. ATTENTION WAS INITIALLY DIRECTED TOWARD ASTHMA IN RESPONSE TO THE RECOGNITION THAT ASTHMA MORTALITY WAS INCREASING AND THAT THE BURDEN OF DISEASE WAS SIGNIFICANT. THESE EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ASTHMA MORTALITY LED TO MANY NEW INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES, IMPLEMENT THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE, CONDUCT RESEARCH TO FILL THE GAPS IN THE GUIDELINES, AND CONTINUOUSLY REVISE THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES AS MORE INFORMATION BECAME AVAILABLE. AN ASSESSMENT OF OUR PROGRESS SHOWS SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN RELATION TO REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATIONS. CONSEQUENTLY, WE ARE NOW AT A CROSSROADS IN ASTHMA CARE. ALTHOUGH WE HAVE RECOGNIZED SOME REMARKABLE ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY, THE AVAILABILITY OF NEW TOOLS TO MONITOR DISEASE ACTIVITY, INCLUDING BIOMARKERS AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS, ALONG WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS TO MONITOR ASTHMA CONTROL HOLD SOME PROMISE IN IDENTIFYING GAPS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. THESE ADVANCES SHOULD PROMPT THE EVOLUTION OF NEW STRATEGIES AND NEW TREATMENTS TO FURTHER REDUCE DISEASE BURDEN. IT NOW BECOMES IMPERATIVE TO CONTINUE A FOCUS ON WAYS TO FURTHER REDUCE THE BURDEN OF ASTHMA AND PREVENT ITS ONSET.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2  6860  30 [OBESITY EPIDEMIC: CURRENT EVIDENCE, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS]. THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC IS A PHENOMENON THAT HAS BEEN WIDELY STUDIED IN RECENT DECADES BUT IS STILL INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD, AND ITS CONTROL IS FAR FROM THE DESIRABLE LEVEL IN VIEW OF THE INCREASING PREVALENCE FIGURES OBSERVED WORLDWIDE. THIS PAPER CONDUCTS A NARRATIVE REVIEW WITH THE AIM OF PROVIDING UPDATED EVIDENCE ON THE GLOBAL OBESITY EPIDEMIC, AND PARTICULARLY ON THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND ARGENTINA, IDENTIFYING THE MAIN CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR ADDRESSING THIS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. IT FIRST DESCRIBES THE CURRENT BURDEN AND INCREASING TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, IN THE OVERALL POPULATION AND BY POPULATION GROUPS, AND ITS POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ASPECTS. IT ALSO SUMMARIZES THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THIS EPIDEMIC, AS WELL AS RECENT STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES FOCUSED ON OBESITY PREVENTION, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THOSE REPORTED AS THE MOST EFFICIENT IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT. THIS REVIEW IDENTIFIED SOME PENDING CHALLENGES IN THE REGION, THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION AND THE GROWING CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT; AND IT POINTS OUT SOME EMERGING APPROACHES, SUCH AS THE SYNDEMIC APPROACH, AS POTENTIALLY USEFUL TO UNDERSTAND AND ADDRESS THIS COMPLEX PROBLEM IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT. IN CONCLUSION, IT HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING RENEWED, MORE EFFICIENT AND EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES TO CONTROL THE GROWING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, WHICH WOULD ALSO IMPACT ON THE BURDEN OF RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES, AND THUS ON THE ECONOMY AND WELL-BEING OF LATIN AMERICAN SOCIETIES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  6030  33 THE BURGEONING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EPIDEMIC IN INDIANS - PERSPECTIVES ON CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) ARE THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY IN INDIA. THE CVD EPIDEMIC IN INDIANS IS CHARACTERIZED BY A HIGHER RELATIVE RISK BURDEN, AN EARLIER AGE OF ONSET, HIGHER CASE FATALITY AND HIGHER PREMATURE DEATHS. FOR DECADES, RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE REASON FOR THIS INCREASED BURDEN AND PROPENSITY OF CVD AMONG INDIANS. IT CAN PARTLY BE EXPLAINED BY POPULATION-LEVEL CHANGES AND THE REMAINING BY INCREASED INHERENT BIOLOGICAL RISK. WHILE INCREASED BIOLOGICAL RISK CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO PHENOTYPIC CHANGES CAUSED BY EARLY LIFE INFLUENCES, SIX MAJOR TRANSITIONS CAN BE CONSIDERED LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE POPULATION-LEVEL CHANGES IN INDIA-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, NUTRITIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC. ALTHOUGH CONVENTIONAL RISK FACTORS EXPLAIN SUBSTANTIAL POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK, THE THRESHOLDS AT WHICH THESE RISK FACTORS OPERATE ARE DIFFERENT AMONG INDIANS COMPARED WITH OTHER POPULATIONS. THEREFORE, ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS FOR THESE ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES HAVE BEEN SOUGHT AND MULTIPLE HYPOTHESES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED OVER THE YEARS. PRENATAL FACTORS THAT INCLUDE MATERNAL AND PATERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING, AND POSTNATAL FACTORS, RANGING FROM BIRTH THROUGH CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE AND YOUNG ADULTHOOD, AS WELL AS INTER-GENERATIONAL INFLUENCES HAVE BEEN EXPLORED USING THE LIFE COURSE APPROACH TO CHRONIC DISEASE. IN ADDITION TO THIS, RECENT RESEARCH HAS ILLUSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ROLE OF INHERENT BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN LIPID METABOLISM, GLUCOSE METABOLISM, INFLAMMATORY STATES, GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES FOR THE INCREASED RISK. A MULTIFACETED AND HOLISTIC APPROACH TO CVD PREVENTION THAT TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION POPULATION-LEVEL AS WELL AS BIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS WOULD BE NEEDED TO CONTROL THE BURGEONING CVD EPIDEMIC AMONG INDIANS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  4080  19 MATERNAL LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS: TARGETING PRECONCEPTION HEALTH. ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ARE OBESE, PREDISPOSING BOTH MOTHER AND BABY TO UNFAVOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND INITIATING AN INTERGENERATIONAL CYCLE OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS. HERE WE SUMMARISE RECENT RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL METABOLIC HEALTH ON OFFSPRING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FUTURE CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES. CURRENT PRIMARY LIFESTYLE APPROACHES (I.E., DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS) TO HALT THE SUCCESSION OF INHERITED AND EPIGENETIC METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES HAVE MET WITH LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO LATE IMPLEMENTATION, POOR ADHERENCE, AND/OR GENERIC GUIDELINES. IN OUR OPINION, SUCH INTERVENTIONS MUST COMMENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION TO IMPROVE BOTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH NEW APPROACHES URGENTLY NEEDED TO INCREASE ADHERENCE TO PRIMARY LIFESTYLE CHANGES AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  4188  30 METABOLIC ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: MECHANISMS OF A SILENT EPIDEMIC AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS NOW IDENTIFIED AS A HEPATIC SIGN OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND IS THE MOST FREQUENT CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN ALL AGES. IT IS ASSUMED THAT A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC FACTORS PARTICIPATES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THIS CONDITION. VISCERAL OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR) HAVE ALWAYS BEEN CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSATIVE FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS) AND NAFLD, BUT CURRENTLY, THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GENETIC HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS INCREASINGLY CONSIDERED FUNDAMENTAL IN THE GENESIS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH NAFLD. IN FACT, IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD, INSULIN RESISTANCE, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, ABDOMINAL OBESITY, DYSLIPIDEMIA AND REDUCED INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY HAVE OFTEN BEEN FOUND, AS WELL AS A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND OSTEOPENIA, WHICH DEFINE A METS FRAMEWORK. EARLY DIAGNOSIS IS NEEDED TO PREVENT DISEASE PROGRESSION THROUGH PRIMARILY LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS. UNFORTUNATELY, AT PRESENT, THERE ARE NO MOLECULES RECOMMENDED FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS. HOWEVER, SEVERAL NEW DRUGS ARE IN CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR THIS REASON, TARGETED STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD AND METS AND ON THE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT DETERMINE THE EVOLUTION IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. THEREFORE, IT IS DESIRABLE THAT FUTURE STUDIES MAY BE USEFUL IN IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AT RISK OF DEVELOPING NAFLD AND METS EARLY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6   805  28 CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN LATIN AMERICA. NUTRITION IS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-COMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES (NCCDS), ESPECIALLY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) AND THEIR RISK FACTORS. THE "DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION" (DBM) IS THE COEXISTENCE OF UNDERNUTRITION AND OVERNUTRITION IN THE SAME POPULATION ACROSS THE LIFE-COURSE. IN LATIN AMERICA, THE TRANSITION FROM A PREDOMINANTLY UNDERWEIGHT TO AN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE POPULATION HAS INCREASED MORE RAPIDLY THAN IN OTHER REGIONS IN THE WORLD. UNDERNUTRITION AND THE MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES PARTICULARLY IRON, ZINC, AND VITAMINS A AND D, PRESENT HIGH HETEROGENEITY IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, AND ARE CURRENTLY CONSIDERED IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS. IN THIS REGION, NCCDS ACCOUNT FOR 50% OF THE DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE-YEARS, LED BY CVD. THE MOST PREVALENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ARE OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. BECAUSE OF THE COST OF TREATMENT AND THE POTENTIAL YEARS OF LIFE LOST DUE TO PREMATURE DEATH, CVD IS KNOWN TO AFFECT THE POOREST SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION, AFFECTING COMMUNITIES, AND GOVERNMENTS. MORE THAN 80% OF CVD DEATHS OCCUR IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES. THE PERSISTENCE OF DAMAGE IN SOME CELLS DUE TO UNDERNUTRITION MAY EXPLAIN CERTAIN FINDINGS REGARDING THE INCREASE IN NCCD. THESE ASPECTS TOGETHER WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANCE OF A LIFELONG APPROACH TO NUTRITIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT. REDUCING DBM REQUIRES MAJOR SOCIETAL INTERVENTIONS IN PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION TO ACHIEVE HOLISTIC CHANGE THAT CAN BE SUSTAINED OVER THE LONG TERM AND SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE STATE POLICIES OF DOUBLE IMPACT ACTIONS SHOULD INFLUENCE BOTH SIDES OF THE BURDEN AND BE CONSIDERED AN URGENT PRIORITY, CONSIDERING COUNTRY-SPECIFIC INEQUALITIES AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN THE LATIN AMERICAN REGION, USING DIVERSE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  4807  31 OBESITY IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: BURDEN, DRIVERS, AND EMERGING CHALLENGES. WE HAVE REVIEWED THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF EXCESS WEIGHT, ITS CAUSES, AND RELATED PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT EFFORTS, AS WELL AS DATA GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICS). OBESITY IS RISING IN EVERY REGION OF THE WORLD, AND NO COUNTRY HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL AT REVERSING THE EPIDEMIC ONCE IT HAS BEGUN. IN LMICS, OVERWEIGHT IS HIGHER IN WOMEN COMPARED WITH MEN, IN URBAN COMPARED WITH RURAL SETTINGS, AND IN OLDER COMPARED WITH YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS; HOWEVER, THE URBAN-RURAL OVERWEIGHT DIFFERENTIAL IS SHRINKING IN MANY COUNTRIES. OVERWEIGHT OCCURS ALONGSIDE PERSISTENT BURDENS OF UNDERWEIGHT IN LMICS, ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG WOMEN. CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE AMONG THE HYPOTHESIZED LEADING CONTRIBUTORS TO OBESITY. EMERGING RISK FACTORS INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS, CHRONIC PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION, AND GENETIC/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DATA ON EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT THE ONSET OF OBESITY IN LMICS OR ELSEWHERE ARE LIMITED. EXPANDING THE RESEARCH IN THIS AREA IS A KEY PRIORITY AND HAS IMPORTANT POSSIBILITIES FOR REVERSE INNOVATION THAT MAY ALSO INFORM INTERVENTIONS IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8  4062  30 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES AND AN INTEGRATED, LIFE-CYCLE APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. DESCRIBED AS THE 'INVISIBLE EPIDEMIC', NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) ARE THE WORLD'S LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH. MOST ARE CAUSED BY PREVENTABLE FACTORS, INCLUDING POOR DIET, TOBACCO USE, HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY. DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 38 MILLION (68%) OF GLOBAL DEATHS IN 2012. SINCE 1990, PROPORTIONATE NCD MORTALITY HAS INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY AS POPULATIONS HAVE AGED AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DECLINE. THE MAJORITY OF NCD DEATHS, ESPECIALLY PREMATURE NCD DEATHS (<70 YEARS, 82%), OCCUR IN LOW-INCOME AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, AND AMONG POOR COMMUNITIES WITHIN THEM. ADDRESSING NCDS IS RECOGNISED AS CENTRAL TO THE POST-2015 AGENDA; ACCORDINGLY, NCDS HAVE A SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE AND TARGET IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. WHILE DEATHS FROM NCDS OCCUR MAINLY IN ADULTHOOD, MANY HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN EARLY LIFE, INCLUDING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OPERATING BEFORE CONCEPTION. GOOD NUTRITION BEFORE CONCEPTION AND INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT PREVENTING NCDS DURING THE FIRST 1000 DAYS (FROM CONCEPTION TO AGE 2 YEARS), CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE MAY BE MORE COST-EFFECTIVE THAN MANAGING ESTABLISHED NCDS IN LATER LIFE WITH COSTLY TESTS AND DRUGS. FOLLOWING A LIFE-COURSE APPROACH, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, BEFORE DELIVERY AND DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, CAN PREVENT NCDS AND SHOULD INFLUENCE GLOBAL HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES HOW SUCH AN APPROACH MAY BE PURSUED, INCLUDING THROUGH THE ENGAGEMENT OF NON-HEALTH SECTORS. IT ALSO EMPHASISES EVALUATING AND DOCUMENTING RELATED INITIATIVES TO UNDERWRITE SYSTEMATIC AND EVIDENCE-BASED CROSS-SECTORAL ENGAGEMENT ON NCD PREVENTION IN THE FUTURE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  1388  20 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. THE PREVALENCE AND BURDEN OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON GLOBAL HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IS ALREADY HEAVY AND STILL RISING. DIABETES MELLITUS BY ITSELF IS LINKED TO ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, AND THE PRESENCE OF CONCOMITANT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE FURTHER AMPLIFIES CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. THE CULMINATION OF TRADITIONAL (MALE GENDER, SMOKING, ADVANCED AGE, OBESITY, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA) AND NON-TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS (ANEMIA, INFLAMMATION, PROTEINURIA, VOLUME OVERLOAD, MINERAL METABOLISM ABNORMALITIES, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ETC.) CONTRIBUTES TO ADVANCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. TO DECREASE THE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF THESE PATIENTS DUE TO CARDIOVASCULAR CAUSES, TIMELY AND EFFICIENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT IS OF HUGE IMPORTANCE. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT CAN BE BASED ON LABORATORY PARAMETERS, IMAGING TECHNIQUES, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS PARAMETERS, ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX AND 24 H BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS. NEWER METHODS INCLUDE EPIGENETIC MARKERS, SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES, CYTOKINES AND MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN THIS REVIEW, THE AUTHORS PRESENT SEVERAL NON-INVASIVE METHODS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  3580  28 IMPACT OF PERINATAL ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ALLERGIC DISEASES. ALLERGIC DISEASES SUCH AS ASTHMA, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ATOPIC DERMATITIS, AND FOOD ALLERGY, ARE MOST COMMON CHRONIC, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD. IN THE PAST FEW DECADES, THE PREVALENCE HAS INCREASED ABRUPTLY WORLDWIDE. THERE ARE 2 POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR THE RISING PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC DISEASES WORLDWIDE, THAT AN INCREASED DISEASE-AWARENESS OF PHYSICIAN, PATIENT, OR CAREGIVERS, AND AN ABRUPT EXPOSURE TO UNKNOWN HAZARDS. UNFORTUNATELY, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. DESPITE THE CONTINUING EFFORTS WORLDWIDE, THE ETIOLOGIES AND RISING PREVALENCE REMAIN UNCLEAR. THUS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY AND CONTROL RISK FACTORS IN THE SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUAL FOR THE BEST PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT. GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OR ENVIRONMENTS MAY BE A POTENTIAL BACKGROUND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASE, HOWEVER THEY ALONE CANNOT EXPLAIN THE RISING PREVALENCE WORLDWIDE. THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGE DEPENDS ON THE GENE, ENVIRONMENT, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS, MAY INDUCE A LONG-LASTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND THE CONSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES. IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) EXPOSURE DURING CRITICAL PERIOD (I.E., DURING PREGNANCY AND EARLY LIFE) ARE CONSIDERED AS A POTENTIAL CAUSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ALLERGIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP IS STILL UNCLEAR. THIS REVIEW AIMED TO HIGHLIGHT THE IMPACT OF ETS EXPOSURE DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ALLERGIC DISEASES AND TO PROPOSE A FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11   529  18 ASTHMA IN URBAN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH DOMAIN. ASTHMA IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED CHRONIC CONDITION OF CHILDHOOD IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, WITH 6.5 MILLION CHILDREN AFFECTED IN THE USA. A DISPARATE BURDEN OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IS SEEN AMONG SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH, OFTEN CONCENTRATED IN URBAN AREAS WITH HIGH POVERTY RATES. HOST FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE A CHILD TO ASTHMA INCLUDE ATOPY, MALE GENDER, PARENTAL HISTORY OF ASTHMA, AND ALSO RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS IMPROVED HYGIENE, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, AND EARLY LIFE EXPOSURES TO MICROBES AND AEROALLERGENS, ALSO INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA. WITH GREATER THAN 90% OF TIME SPENT INDOORS, HOME EXPOSURES (SUCH AS COCKROACH, RODENT, AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) ARE HIGHLY RELEVANT FOR URBAN ASTHMA. MORBIDITY REDUCTION MAY REQUIRE FOCUSED PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION IN HIGH PRIORITY RISK GROUPS AND THE ADDITION OF IMMUNE MODULATORY AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH POORLY CONTROLLED DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  6822  23 [GENDER MEDICINE. SEX- AND GENDER-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF CLINICAL MEDICINE]. GENDER MEDICINE STUDIES SEX- AND GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION OF DISEASES, THE AWARENESS AND PRESENTATION OF SYMPTOMS, AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY. GENDER MEDICINE IS PART OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, CONSIDERING DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INDIVIDUALLY. THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN GENES, CHROMOSOMES, HORMONES, AND METABOLISM AS WELL AS DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY. LIFELONG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WILL INFLUENCE THE HEALTH AND ILL-HEALTH OF MEN AND WOMEN IN DIFFERENT WAYS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE DURING VULNERABLE PHASES ON BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, EFFECTING FUTURE GENERATIONS. MATERNAL LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS DURING PREGNANCY CAN IMPACT THE HEALTH OF OFFSPRING IN LATER LIFE ALREADY IN UTERO IN A SEX-SPECIFIC WAY. PAIN, STRESS, AND COPING STYLES DIFFER BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN. WOMEN EXPERIENCE MORE DRAMATIC PHYSICAL CHANGES DURING THEIR LIFETIME, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC BURDENS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ALTERATIONS. WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES SUFFERING FROM STRESS DEVELOP DEPRESSION MORE FREQUENTLY. HOWEVER, MEN ARE OFTEN NOT DIAGNOSED AND TREATED APPROPRIATELY IN CASES OF DEPRESSION OR OSTEOPOROSIS, DISEASES THAT ARE TYPICALLY CONSIDERED "FEMALE." THERE ARE PROMINENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN MEDICINE REGARDING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, INFLAMMATION, AND NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES SUCH AS OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. WOMEN EXPERIENCE MORE OFTEN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND SUFFER MORE FREQUENTLY FROM (CHRONIC) PAIN, NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES, AND FUNCTIONAL DISABILITIES. MEN HAVE SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY BUT RELATIVELY MORE HEALTHY YEARS OF LIFE, WHICH IS IN GREATER PART ASCRIBED TO PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS. STATE-OF-THE-ART CLINICAL MEDICINE COMPRISES INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS BASED ON SEX- AND GENDER-SENSITIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE FOR MEN AND WOMEN.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  5224  39 PRIORITIZED RESEARCH FOR THE PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND REVERSAL OF CHRONIC DISEASE: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT. DECLINING LIFE EXPECTANCY AND INCREASING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS, SOCIOECOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND PREVENTABLE DISEASE. A GROWING BODY OF BASIC SCIENCE, CLINICAL RESEARCH, AND POPULATION HEALTH EVIDENCE POINTS TO THE BENEFITS OF HEALTHY BEHAVIORS, ENVIRONMENTS AND POLICIES TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND PREVENT, TREAT, AND REVERSE THE ROOT CAUSES OF COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES. SIMILARLY, INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, STANDARDS OF EVIDENCE, EMERGENCE OF UNIQUE STUDY COHORTS, AND BREAKTHROUGHS IN DATA ANALYTICS AND MODELING CREATE NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCING BIOMEDICAL KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL TRANSLATION. TO UNDERSTAND THESE ADVANCES AND INFORM FUTURE DIRECTIONS RESEARCH, THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT WAS CONVENED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ON DECEMBER 4-5, 2019. THE SUMMIT'S GOAL WAS TO REVIEW CURRENT STATUS AND DEFINE RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN THE SIX CORE AREAS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE: PLANT-PREDOMINANT NUTRITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, STRESS, ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS, AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY/SOCIAL CONNECTION. FORTY INVITED SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (1) REVIEWED EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND GAPS RELATING LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS TO COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES, MANY CANCERS, INFLAMMATORY- AND IMMUNE-RELATED DISORDERS AND OTHER CONDITIONS; AND (2) DISCUSSED THE POTENTIAL FOR APPLYING CUTTING-EDGE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, EPIGENETIC AND EMERGING SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGIES, RESEARCH DESIGNS, AND STUDY COHORTS TO ACCELERATE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ACROSS ALL SIX DOMAINS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. NOTABLY, FEDERAL HEALTH AGENCIES, SUCH AS THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HAVE BEGUN TO ADOPT "WHOLE-PERSON HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE" MODELS THAT ADDRESS THESE LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ROOT CAUSES OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, AND COST. RECOMMENDATIONS STRONGLY SUPPORT LEVERAGING EMERGING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN ORDER TO ACCELERATE EFFECTIVE CLINICAL AND POPULATION SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND REDUCE SOCIETAL COSTS. NEW AND ALTERNATIVE HIERARCHIES OF EVIDENCE ARE ALSO BE NEEDED IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE AND DEVELOP EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES ON LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. CHILDREN AND UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AS PRIORITIZED GROUPS TO STUDY. THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, WHICH DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTS PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC DISEASES THAT ARE AMENABLE TO EFFECTIVE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE INTERVENTIONS, MAKES THE SUMMIT'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH PARTICULARLY TIMELY AND RELEVANT.	2020	

14  5161  39 PRECISION AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: HOW GENOMIC APPROACH IMPROVES THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS GRADUALLY GROWN OVER THE LAST CENTURY. THIS HAS DEEPLY AFFECTED HEALTHCARE COSTS, SINCE THE GROWTH OF AN AGING POPULATION IS CORRELATED TO THE INCREASING BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS REPRESENTS THE INTERESTING CHALLENGE OF HOW TO MANAGE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE BUDGETS. EFFECTIVE PRIMARY PREVENTION COULD REPRESENT A PROMISING ROUTE. TO THIS END, PRECISION, TOGETHER WITH PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, ARE USEFUL INSTRUMENTS IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND TO GUIDE PHYSICIANS TO CHOOSE A TARGETED THERAPY TO MANAGE THE PATIENT. CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES REPRESENT SUITABLE MODELS FOR TAKING FULL ADVANTAGE OF PRECISION MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO ALL STAGES OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. THE AVAILABILITY OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ADVANCEMENT PROGRESS MADE IN THE FIELD OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH HAVE BEEN SUBSTANTIAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW GENES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AGING, NUTRITION, DRUGS, MICROBIOME AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAN IMPACT HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISORDERS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT REVIEW IS TO ADDRESS HOW PRECISION AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE CAN BRING GREATER CLARITY TO THE CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY OF THESE TYPES OF DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH MORTALITY, INVOLVING TREMENDOUS HEALTH CARE COSTS, BY DESCRIBING IN DETAIL THE METHODS THAT CAN BE APPLIED. THIS MIGHT OFFER PRECIOUS TOOLS FOR PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AND POSSIBLE CLUES ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE DISEASE AND COULD HELP IN PREDICTING MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND DETECTING CHRONIC DISEASE INDICATORS MUCH EARLIER IN THE DISEASE COURSE. THIS, OF COURSE, WILL HAVE A MAJOR EFFECT ON BOTH IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CARE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PATIENTS AND REDUCING TIME EFFORTS AND HEALTHCARE COSTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  2801  22 FEMALE OBESITY: SHORT- AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING. THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY HAS RISEN OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES AND WOMEN ARE CURRENTLY MORE LIKELY THAN EVER TO ENTER PREGNANCY OBESE. PRE-PREGNANCY OBESITY AND EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN INCREASE MISCARRIAGE RATES AND OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS, WHICH RESULT IN A LOWER HEALTHY LIVE BIRTH RATE. IN ADDITION TO ITS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE MOTHER, OBESITY HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC ILLNESSES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, METABOLIC SYNDROME AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE ADOLESCENCE AND ADULTHOOD OF THE OFFSPRING. MOREOVER, MATERNAL OBESITY CAUSES PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS, PHYSICAL DISABILITIES AND HIGHER HEALTHCARE COSTS. FETAL PROGRAMMING OF METABOLIC FUNCTION INDUCED BY OBESITY, THROUGH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND/OR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, MAY HAVE AN INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECT AND COULD, THUS, PERPETUATE OBESITY IN THE NEXT GENERATION. IN ORDER TO BREAK THIS VICIOUS CIRCLE AND AVOID SERIOUS SHORT- AND LONG-TERM NEGATIVE OUTCOMES FOR BOTH MOTHERS AND FETUSES, THE PREVENTION AND ADEQUATE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN ARE ESSENTIAL.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  1640  23 DOES EPIGENETICS PLAY A ROLE IN HUMAN ASTHMA? ASTHMA AND OTHER ALLERGIC DISEASES ARE AMONG THE MOST PREVALENT CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, ASTHMA AFFECTS >7.0 MILLION CHILDREN UNDER 18 IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH AN ECONOMIC BURDEN THAT IS ESTIMATED TO EXCEED THAT OF TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV/AIDS COMBINED. DESPITE MUCH RESEARCH, THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ASTHMA AND ITS PATHOGENESIS ARE STILL IN MANY WAYS ELUSIVE. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE EPIGENETIC PROCESSES PLAY IN ASTHMA PATHOGENESIS, FOCUSING ON GENOME-WIDE, POPULATION-BASED STUDIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17  4803  21 OBESITY AND MALE INFERTILITY. THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IS INCREASING AMONG BOTH SEXES, WITH ASSOCIATED IMPACTS ON CHRONIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL COMORBIDITIES. SIMILARLY, THE EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ARE INCREASINGLY BEING RECOGNIZED. ADIPOSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED FERTILITY IN MEN, WITH A COMPLEX AND MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGY. THE REPORTED EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON SEMEN PARAMETERS AND IMPAIRED FERTILITY ARE CONTRASTING, WITH SOME STUDIES SHOWING A CLEAR REDUCTION IN REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED BODY MASS INDEX, WHILE OTHERS DO NOT SHOW SUCH IMPACTS. THESE CONTROVERSIES MAY BE DUE TO THE COMPLEX PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND INTERPLAY BETWEEN GONADOTROPINS AND END ORGANS, AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ON MALE FERTILITY AND FUNCTION. THESE DIFFERENT ASPECTS HAVE LED TO HETEROGENEOUS PARTICIPANTS IN STUDIES AND VARYING IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES AS WELL AS OFFSPRING HEALTH. TREATMENT MODALITIES TO MANAGE OBESITY INCLUDE LIFESTYLE, MEDICAL, AND SURGICAL OPTIONS, WITH EMERGING AND EFFECTIVE MEDICAL TREATMENTS SHOWING PROMISE IN REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
18  5646  24 SEX DIFFERENCES AND EMERGING NEW RISK FACTORS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ITS THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) REMAIN THE WORLD'S LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN, BUT WITH DIFFERENT PROGNOSTICS AND OUTCOMES BETWEEN SEXES. ALTHOUGH THE BURDEN OF CVD IS GENERALLY RELATED TO THE CONVENTIONAL RISK FACTORS, THE RELEVANCE OF NON-TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS IS INCREASINGLY BEING RECOGNIZED TO EXPLAIN THE SO-CALLED "RESIDUAL RISK". MEN AND WOMEN SHARE MANY SIMILARITIES REGARDING CLASSICAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS BUT HAVE DIFFERENT DISEASE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, PREVALENCE, AND OUTCOMES OF CVDS. HOW SEX-SPECIFICITIES REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF NON-TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE EVOLUTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ITS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN MALES AND FEMALES REMAIN LARGELY UNDERANALYZED. THE PRESENT REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE FOR SEX DIFFERENCES IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND CLINICAL EVOLUTION IN ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS INFLAMMATION, LIPOPROTEIN(A), HEMOSTASIS, INTRAPLAQUE CALCIFICATION, AND DEPRESSION. WE FURTHER DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL SEX-DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, GUT MICROBIOME AND, EPIGENETIC GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THE EFFECT OF FEMALE-SPECIFIC DISORDERS IN CVD.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  1341  25 DETANGLING THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN MAFLD, INSULIN RESISTANCE, AND KEY HORMONES. METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE (MAFLD) HAS INCREASINGLY BECOME A SIGNIFICANT AND HIGHLY PREVALENT CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, DISPLAYING A WIDE ARRAY OF RISK FACTORS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF WHICH ONLY A FEW HAVE SO FAR BEEN CLEARLY ELUCIDATED. A BIDIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN HORMONAL DISCREPANCIES AND METABOLIC-RELATED DISORDERS, INCLUDING OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM), AND POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS) HAS BEEN DESCRIBED. SINCE THE CHANGE IN NOMENCLATURE FROM NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) TO MAFLD IS BASED ON THE CLEAR IMPACT OF METABOLIC ELEMENTS ON THE DISEASE, THE RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS OF HORMONES SUCH AS INSULIN, ADIPOKINES (LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN), AND ESTROGENS HAVE STRONGLY POINTED TO THE INTRINSIC LINKS THAT LEAD TO THE HETEROGENEOUS EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, AND RISK FACTORS INVOLVED IN MAFLD IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TWOFOLD. FIRSTLY, THERE IS A BRIEF DISCUSSION REGARDING THE CHANGE IN NOMENCLATURE AS WELL AS EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OTHER THAN HORMONAL EFFECTS, WHICH INCLUDE NUTRITION AND THE GUT MICROBIOME, AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES. SECONDLY, WE REVIEW THE BASIS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT HORMONAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF MAFLD THAT ACT BOTH INDEPENDENTLY AND IN AN INTERRELATED MANNER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20  1403  23 DIETARY APPROACHES TO WOMEN'S SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. OVER THE COURSE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE LIFE SPAN, IT IS COMMON FOR WOMEN TO EXPERIENCE ONE OR MORE OF THE MOST COMMON GYNECOLOGIC CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, FIBROIDS, ENDOMETRIOSIS, AND INFERTILITY. ALTHOUGH CURRENT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES OFTEN TURN TO THE ESTABLISHED PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES FOR EACH OF THESE DIAGNOSES, THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ALSO SUPPORTS AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH ROOTED IN THE PARADIGM OF FOOD AS MEDICINE. ACHIEVING HEALTHY DIETARY PATTERNS IS A CORE GOAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE, AND A PLANT-FORWARD APPROACH AKIN TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET HOLDS GREAT PROMISE FOR IMPROVING MANY CHRONIC GYNECOLOGIC DISEASES. FURTHERMORE, CREATING AN OPTIMAL PRECONCEPTION ENVIRONMENT FROM A NUTRITIONAL STANDPOINT MAY FACILITATE EPIGENETIC SIGNALING, THUS IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF FUTURE GENERATIONS. THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW EXPLORES THE LITERATURE CONNECTING DIET WITH SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.	2021