1  5753 140 SOCIAL ISOLATION REDUCES MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT, TUMOR INCIDENCE, AND EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORS IN WILD-TYPE AND P53-HETEROZYGOTIC MICE. CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE RAPID TUMOR PROGRESSION, AND RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT STRESS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN THE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF BREAST CANCER. WE EVALUATED THE P53(+/-) FVB/N MOUSE AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS ON MAMMARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT, GENE EXPRESSION, AND TUMORIGENESIS. WE INDIVIDUALLY HOUSED (IH) WILD-TYPE AND P53(+/-) FEMALE FVB/N MICE, STARTING AT WEANING. AT 14 WEEKS OF AGE, BOTH WILD-TYPE AND P53(+/-) IH MICE SHOWED STRIKINGLY REDUCED MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT COMPARED WITH GROUP-HOUSED (GH) CONTROLS, WITH IH MICE HAVING SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER PRETERMINAL END BUDS. THIS MORPHOLOGIC DIFFERENCE WAS NOT REFLECTED IN LEVELS OF MAMMARY TRANSCRIPTS FOR ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA OR PROGESTIN RECEPTOR. HOWEVER, IH INCREASED LEVELS OF MRNA FOR THE KISSPEPTIN RECEPTOR IN THE MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS, ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED DURATION OF ESTROUS CYCLES. FURTHERMORE, IH ALTERED MAMMARY TRANSCRIPTS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTS FOR METHYL-BINDING PROTEIN 2 AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B), BUT NOT DNMT1 AND DNMT3A, WERE REDUCED IN IH COMPARED WITH GH FEMALES. INTERESTINGLY, THE GLANDS OF P53(+/-) FEMALES SHOWED REDUCED EXPRESSION OF ALL THESE MEDIATORS COMPARED WITH WILD-TYPE FEMALES. HOWEVER, CONTRARY TO OUR INITIAL HYPOTHESIS, IH DID NOT INCREASE MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS. RATHER, P53(+/-) GH FEMALES DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE MAMMARY TUMORS THAN IH MICE. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SOCIAL ISOLATION INITIATED AT PUBERTY MIGHT CONFOUND STUDIES OF TUMORIGENESIS BY ALTERING MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT IN MOUSE MODELS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  1466  25 DISTINCT ACTIONS OF ANCESTRAL VINCLOZOLIN AND JUVENILE STRESS ON NEURAL GENE EXPRESSION IN THE MALE RAT. EXPOSURE TO THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICAL VINCLOZOLIN DURING GESTATION OF AN F0 GENERATION AND/OR CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE OF THE F3 DESCENDANTS AFFECTS BEHAVIOR, PHYSIOLOGY, AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN. GENES RELATED TO THE NETWORKS OF GROWTH FACTORS, SIGNALING PEPTIDES, AND RECEPTORS, STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS AND ENZYMES, AND EPIGENETIC RELATED FACTORS WERE MEASURED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION VIA TAQMAN LOW DENSITY ARRAYS TARGETING 48 GENES IN THE CENTRAL AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS, MEDIAL AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS, MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA (MPOA), LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS (LH), AND THE VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS. WE FOUND THAT GROWTH FACTORS ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE IN THE CENTRAL AND MEDIAL AMYGDALA; RESTRAINT STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE AFFECTED NEURAL GROWTH FACTORS IN THE MEDIAL AMYGDALA. SIGNALING PEPTIDES WERE AFFECTED BY BOTH ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE AND STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE PRIMARILY IN HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI. STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS AND ENZYMES WERE STRONGLY AFFECTED BY RESTRAINT STRESS IN THE MPOA. EPIGENETIC RELATED GENES WERE AFFECTED BY STRESS IN THE VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS AND BY BOTH ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE AND STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE INDEPENDENTLY IN THE CENTRAL AMYGDALA. IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT THE LH SHOWED NO EFFECTS OF EITHER MANIPULATION. GENE EXPRESSION IS DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3    73  32 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
4  1821  40 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT ON BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL CORRELATES OF SOCIALITY: VASOPRESSIN, OXYTOCIN AND THE VASOPRESSINERGIC V1B RECEPTOR. CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS IN RODENTS PRODUCES BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE PATTERNS ANALOGOUS TO SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES IN HUMANS. CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT IN MICE HAS BEEN USED TO STUDY THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PRECURSORS OF STRESS-RELATED SOCIAL DISORDERS. THE NEUROPEPTIDES ARGININE VASOPRESSIN (AVP) AND OXYTOCIN (OT) ARE RELEASED IN CENTRAL TARGETS TO MODULATE ANTI- AND PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIORS, RESPECTIVELY. AVP BINDS TO V1A AND V1B RECEPTORS (V1BRS) IN DISCRETE BRAIN REGIONS RELATED TO ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIORS. RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT V1BRS ARE INVOLVED IN STRESS AND ANXIETY AND MAY BE AN ATTRACTIVE TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF ASSOCIATED DISORDERS. IN THE PRESENT SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS, WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS ON: 1) ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN A SOCIAL INVESTIGATION PARADIGM AND THEIR POTENTIAL MODULATION BY AN ACUTE DOSE OF SSR149415, A V1BR ANTAGONIST; 2) AVP AND FOS PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS (PVN) AND; 3) AVP- AND OT-RECEPTOR (OTR) MRNA LEVELS IN BRAIN REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIALITY. WHEN COMPARED TO UNDEFEATED ANIMALS, SOCIALLY DEFEATED MICE EXHIBITED AN ANXIOGENIC BEHAVIORAL PROFILE TOWARDS A NOVEL MALE CONSPECIFIC, WITH SSR149415 PARTLY ATTENUATING THESE EFFECTS. HISTOCHEMISTRY USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE SHOWED DEFEAT PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT ELEVATIONS OF FOS AND DOUBLE LABELING OF AVP AND FOS PROTEINS IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS (PVN). SSR149415 ATTENUATED THE EFFECTS OF DEFEAT ON FOS AND AVP/FOS DOUBLE LABELING, CONSISTENT WITH AN ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT. DEFEATED MICE SHOWED ELEVATED LEVELS OF OTR MRNA LEVELS IN THE LATERAL SEPTUM (LS) IN ADDITION TO INCREASED V1BR AND OTR MRNA IN THE MEDIAL AMYGDALA (MEA). WE SUGGEST THE INVOLVEMENT OF V1BRS AND OTRS IN A CIRCUIT INVOLVING THE PVN, MEA AND LS IN THE EFFECTS OF DEFEAT ON SOCIALITY. SSR149415 ATTENUATED ANXIOGENESIS IN THE SOCIAL INVESTIGATION MODEL AND BOTH FOS AND AVP/FOS LABELING, SUGGESTING V1BRS ARE AN ATTRACTIVE TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY IN GENERAL AND DISORDERS OF SOCIALITY IN PARTICULAR.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  6551  43 TRANSGENERATIONAL BLUNTING OF MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSREGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN MALE OFFSPRING. A NUMBER OF PARENTAL EXPERIENCES, EVEN WHEN OCCURRING PRIOR TO CONCEPTION, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS BEYOND THE FIRST GENERATION. IN THE CASE OF EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE, STUDIES IN RODENTS SUGGEST THAT OFFSPRING DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN HOW THEY RESPOND TO THE DRUG TO WHICH THEIR PARENT WAS EXPOSED. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA, CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE AND SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN THE OFFSPRING OF FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT. IN ADDITION TO EFFECTS ON PAIN PERCEPTION AND REWARD, MORPHINE ALSO MODULATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE RESULTS IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS BY MORPHINE IN FUTURE GENERATIONS. ADOLESCENT MORPHINE WAS ADMINISTERED TO FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS USING A 10 DAY, ESCALATING DOSE REGIMEN OF MORPHINE (5-25 MG/KG; FROM 30 TO 39 DAYS OF AGE). CONTROL ANIMALS RECEIVED SALINE. BOTH SALINE AND MORPHINE EXPOSED FEMALES (SAL-F0 AND MOR-F0, RESPECTIVELY) WERE MATED WITH DRUG NAIVE MALES BEGINNING AT LEAST 3 WEEKS AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION. PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING (F1) DURING ADULTHOOD FOLLOWING 0, 0.1, OR 10 MG/KG MORPHINE. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (OPRM1) IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) WERE MEASURED USING QUANTITATIVE PCR. MOR-F1 MALES, BUT NOT FEMALES, HAD BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION. THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO OFFSPRING FROM FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENCE AS THOSE EXPOSED DURING ADULTHOOD PRODUCED OFFSPRING IN WHICH THE EFFECT WAS ABSENT. IN ADDITION, MOR-F1 MALES HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LEVELS OF PVN CRH FOLLOWING SALINE. THESE EFFECTS WERE NOT DRIVEN BY PVN OPRM1 IN THE F1 MALES AS THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES BASED ON MATERNAL ADOLESCENT EXPOSURE. TO DETERMINE THE PERSISTENCE OF THE BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE EFFECT, SAL-F2 AND MOR-F2 MALES WERE EXAMINED. BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION EXTENDED INTO THE MOR-F2 GENERATION, AS WELL AS EFFECTS ON CRH. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS ADDITIONAL DYSREGULATION OFOPRM1 EXPRESSION IN THE PVN IN MOR-F2 COMPARED WITH SAL-F2 MALES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT SEX-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN OPIOID-MEDIATED REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS ARE TRANSGENERATIONALLY TRANSMITTED FOR AT LEAST TWO GENERATIONS FOLLOWING FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE. THESE EFFECTS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED CHANGES IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA AND REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS OBSERVED IN THIS PHENOTYPE. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN HPA FUNCTIONING SUCH AS THESE MAY PLAY A BROAD ROLE IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION.	2018	

6  4944  33 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  5749  33 SOCIAL DEFEAT INDUCES CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE STRESS RESPONSE OR RESILIENCE TO CHRONIC STRESS. WE INVESTIGATED HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SEVEN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS: THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC), VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (VHPC), MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA), LOCUS COERULEUS (LC), PARAVENTRICULAR THALAMUS (PVT), AND DORSAL RAPHE (DR) NUCLEUS. THIS STRESS PARADIGM WAS UNIQUE IN THAT IT ALLOWED RATS TO DISPLAY RESILIENCE IN THE FORM OF AN ACTIVE COPING MECHANISM. WE FOUND THAT THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN ACETYLATION OF H3K9/14 (H3K9/14AC) AND BULK ACETYLATION OF H4K5,8,12,16 (H4K5,8,12,16AC) IN THE DR NUCLEUS OF RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT. LESS RESILIENT RATS ALSO DISPLAYED INCREASED LEVELS OF H3K18 ACETYLATION (H3K18AC) IN THE MPFC WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. IN THE VHPC, THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN H3K18AC AND H4K12 (H4K12AC) IN RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROL RATS. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS A DECREASE IN LEVELS OF H4K8 ACETYLATION (H4K8AC) IN BOTH RESILIENT AND NON-RESILIENT RATS AS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. WE ASSESSED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VHPC AND THE MPFC USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AND FOUND CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF TARGETS. THESE INCLUDED CHANGES IN SIRT1 AND SIRT2 IN THE VHPC AND CHANGES IN KAT5 IN THE MPFC. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THESE REGIONS CORRELATE WITH THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN SOCIALLY DEFEATED RATS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8  2905  32 GENE DYSREGULATION IN THE ADULT RAT PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS AND AMYGDALA BY PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO DEXAMETHASONE. FETAL PROGRAMMING IS THE CONCEPT THAT MATERNAL STRESSORS DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT CAN ALTER OFFSPRING PHENOTYPES POSTNATALLY. EXCESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS CAN INTERACT WITH THE FETUS TO EFFECT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IMPLICATED IN ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES. THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATES HOW CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOID DEXAMETHASONE DURING LATE GESTATION ALTERS THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO BEHAVIOR IN BRAIN AREAS RELEVANT TO THE REGULATION AND FUNCTION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS. PREGNANT WISTAR KYOTO RATS RECEIVED SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF DEXAMETHASONE (100 MUG/KG) DAILY FROM GESTATIONAL DAY 15-21 OR VEHICLE ONLY AS SHAM CONTROLS. THE AMYGDALA AND PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) WERE MICRO-PUNCHED TO EXTRACT MRNA FOR REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION AND QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC GENES. IN THE PVN, THE EXPRESSION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR NR3C1 WAS DOWNREGULATED IN FEMALE RATS IN RESPONSE TO PROGRAMMING. THE EXPRESSION OF CACNA1C ENCODING THE CA(V)1.2 PORE SUBUNIT OF L-TYPE VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS WAS DOWNREGULATED IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO DEXAMETHASONE. COLLECTIVELY, THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED LEVELS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS PLAYS A ROLE IN THE DYSREGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND POTENTIALLY LEARNING AND MEMORY BY ALTERING THE EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC GENES WITHIN THE AMYGDALA AND PVN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  4930  38 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ACQUISITION OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND AFFECTS BDNF DNA METHYLATION IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REFLECTS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE MAY AFFECT RODENT OFFSPRING VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MALE GERM LINE. WHILE SUCH EXPOSURE ALTERS ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE OFFSPRING, NO STUDIES EXAMINED IF IT IMPACTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. WE EXPOSED MALE (SIRES) WISTAR RATS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL IN VAPOUR CHAMBERS (16 H/DAY; 5 DAYS/WEEK) OR TO AIR FOR 6 WEEKS. EIGHT WEEKS LATER, RATS WERE MATED WITH ALCOHOL-NAIVE FEMALES. ADULT ALCOHOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED F1 OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED IN ACQUISITION OF ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH INCREASING ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS (2.5%, 5% AND 10%, V/V) WERE DELIVERED AFTER ONE LEVER PRESS (FIXED RATIO 1 OR FR1). PRIOR TO ALCOHOL SESSIONS, RATS WERE TRAINED TO LEVER PRESS FOR FOOD DELIVERY UNDER AN FR1 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE WERE MEASURED IN SPERM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) IN SIRES AND IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES HAD LOWER BDNF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN NAC AND GREATER METHYLATION LEVELS IN MPFC. ALTHOUGH THIS PATTERN WAS NOT RECAPITULATED IN OFFSPRING, ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES DID SHOW ABERRANT BDNF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING SELF-ADMINISTERED LESS ALCOHOL (5% AND 10%) WITH NO GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FOOD RESPONDING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION PROTECTS AGAINST ALCOHOL'S INITIAL REINFORCING EFFECTS BUT THE PATTERN OF DYSREGULATED BDNF METHYLATION IN REWARD-RELATED CIRCUITRY DID NOT MIMIC CHANGES SEEN IN SIRES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  5158  31 PRE-REPRODUCTIVE STRESS AND FLUOXETINE TREATMENT IN RATS AFFECT OFFSPRING A-TO-I RNA EDITING, GENE EXPRESSION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR. ADENOSINE TO INOSINE RNA EDITING IS AN EPIGENETIC PROCESS THAT ENTAILS SITE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS IN DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA MOLECULES, CATALYZED BY ADENOSINE DEAMINASES ACTING ON RNA (ADARS). USING THE MULTIPLEX MICROFLUIDIC PCR AND DEEP SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE, WE RECENTLY SHOWED THAT EXPOSING ADOLESCENT FEMALE RATS TO CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS BEFORE REPRODUCTION AFFECTS EDITING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND AMYGDALA OF THEIR NEWBORN OFFSPRING, PARTICULARLY AT THE SEROTONIN RECEPTOR 5-HT2C (ENCODED BY HTR2C). HERE, WE USED THE SAME TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE WHETHER POST-STRESS, PRE-REPRODUCTIVE MATERNAL TREATMENT WITH FLUOXETINE (5 MG/KG, 7 DAYS) REVERSES THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON EDITING. WE ALSO EXAMINED THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF ADAR ENZYMES IN THESE REGIONS, AND ASKED WHETHER SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ADULT OFFSPRING WOULD BE ALTERED BY MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS AND/OR FLUOXETINE. MATERNAL TREATMENT WITH FLUOXETINE ALTERED HTR2C EDITING IN OFFSPRING AMYGDALA AT BIRTH, ENHANCED THE EXPRESSION OF HTR2C MRNA AND RNA EDITING ENZYMES IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND REVERSED THE EFFECTS OF PRE-REPRODUCTIVE STRESS ON HTR2C EDITING IN THIS REGION. FURTHERMORE, MATERNAL FLUOXETINE TREATMENT ENHANCED DIFFERENCES IN EDITING OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS BETWEEN OFFSPRING OF CONTROL AND STRESS-EXPOSED RATS, AND LED TO ENHANCED SOCIAL PREFERENCE IN ADULT OFFSPRING. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THAT PRE-GESTATIONAL FLUOXETINE TREATMENT AFFECTS PATTERNS OF RNA EDITING AND EDITING ENZYME EXPRESSION IN NEONATAL OFFSPRING BRAIN IN A REGION-SPECIFIC MANNER, IN INTERACTION WITH PRE-REPRODUCTIVE STRESS. OVERALL, THESE FINDINGS IMPLY THAT FLUOXETINE TREATMENT AFFECTS SEROTONERGIC SIGNALING IN OFFSPRING BRAIN EVEN WHEN TREATMENT IS DISCONTINUED BEFORE GESTATION, AND ITS EFFECTS MAY DEPEND UPON PRIOR EXPOSURE TO STRESS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11  4943  35 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS INTERGENERATIONAL ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIORS TO MALE OFFSPRING ON A PURE C57BL/6J BACKGROUND. WHILE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) IS A HIGHLY HERITABLE CONDITION, THE BASIS OF AUD IN FAMILIES WITH A HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN BY GENETIC VARIATION ALONE. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT PARENTAL EXPERIENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION CAN AFFECT INHERITANCE OF COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING VIA NON-GENOMIC (EPIGENETIC) MECHANISMS. FOR INSTANCE, MALE C57BL/6J (B6) MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL (CIE) PRIOR TO MATING WITH STRAIN 129S1/SVIMJ ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES PRODUCE MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND INCREASED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA). IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THESE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL CIE ARE REPRODUCIBLE IN MALE OFFSPRING ON AN INBRED B6 BACKGROUND. TO THIS END, B6 MALES WERE EXPOSED TO 6 WEEKS OF CIE (OR ROOM AIR AS A CONTROL) BEFORE MATING WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE B6 FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)-SIRED AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED A SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECT, AS E-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED DECREASED TWO-BOTTLE FREE-CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, AND INCREASED VTA BDNF EXPRESSION; NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE FINDINGS CONFIRM AND EXTEND OUR PREVIOUS RESULTS BY DEMONSTRATING THAT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL ARE REPRODUCIBLE USING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, INBRED B6 ANIMALS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  2667  37 ESTROGEN AND SEROTONIN ENHANCE STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN FEMALE RATS BY UP-REGULATING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN SPINAL CORD. BACKGROUND: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT FEMALE OFFSPRING OF DAMS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC PRENATAL STRESS (CPS) DEVELOP ENHANCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY (VHS) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS IN ADULT LIFE THAT IS MEDIATED BY UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EXAMINE THE ROLES OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA (ERALPHA) AND AN INCREASE IN SPINAL SEROTONIN SIGNALING IN PROMOTING THIS ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE RATS AND UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS FROM E11 UNTIL DELIVERY. AT 8 WEEKS, A CHRONIC ADULT STRESS (CAS) PROTOCOL WAS APPLIED FOR NINE DAYS. KEY RESULTS: OVARIECTOMY BEFORE CAS OR TREATMENT WITH LETROZOLE BEFORE AND DURING CAS SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. INTRATHECAL APPLICATION OF ERALPHA SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED VHS, DECREASED LUMBAR-SACRAL SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF BOTH ERALPHA AND BDNF, AND REVERSED PRO-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AT BDNF PROMOTER LX. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SEROTONIN LEVELS AND 5HT3A RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. DURING CAS, INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF ALOSETRON SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED VHS, REDUCED BDNF AND ERALPHA EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD, AND ATTENUATED RNA POL II AND ERALPHA BINDING TO THE BNDF CORE PROMOTER IX. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: SEROTONIN-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF 5HT3A RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL CORD DRIVES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED FEMALE-SPECIFIC VHS IN OUR TWO HIT CPS+CAS THROUGH UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD ERALPHA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  5191  36 PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE PROGRAMS THE DECREASED TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS IN OFFSPRING RATS BY LOW LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS. PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE (PDE) CAN DECREASE MATERNAL ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOID LEVEL AND INDUCE TESTICULAR DYSPLASIA IN MALE OFFSPRING RATS. IN THIS STUDY WE INVESTIGATED LOW LEVEL ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOID-MEDIATED TESTICULAR DYSPLASIA IN PDE OFFSPRING AND ELUCIDATED THE INTRAUTERINE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING MECHANISMS. PREGNANT RATS WERE INJECTED WITH DEXAMETHASONE (0.2 MG.KG(-1).D(-1), SC) ON GESTATIONAL DAY (GD) 9-20. THE OFFSPRING RAT BLOOD AND TESTIS WERE COLLECTED AFTER EUTHANASIA ON GD20, POSTNATAL WEEK (PW) 12 OR PW28. WE SHOWED THAT PDE INDUCED ABNORMAL MORPHOLOGY OF TESTIS AND SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS-RELATED GENES AS WELL AS TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH. MEANWHILE, SERUM CORTICOSTERONE, THE EXPRESSION AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 14 ACETYLATION (H3K14AC) OF TESTICULAR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. AFTER THE PREGNANT RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC STRESS FOR 2 WEEKS (PW10-12), SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL WAS INCREASED IN THE ADULT PDE OFFSPRING, AND THE ABOVE-MENTIONED OTHER INDICATORS WERE ALSO IMPROVED. CULTURED LEYDIG CELLS (TM3) WERE TREATED WITH CORTICOSTERONE (62.5-500 NM) IN VITRO. WE SHOWED THAT CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENTLY INHIBITED GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ALPHA (GRALPHA) AND MIR-124-3P EXPRESSION, INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) EXPRESSION, AND DECREASED IGF1 H3K14AC LEVEL AND THE EXPRESSION OF IGF1/STEROIDOGENIC ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN (STAR), SUGGESTING THAT CORTICOSTERONE AT LOWER THAN PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL (<500 NM) INHIBITED TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS BY REDUCING H3K14AC AND THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF IGF1 THROUGH GRALPHA/MIR-124-3P/HDAC5 PATHWAY. IN CONCLUSION, PDE CAN CAUSE PERSISTENT INHIBITION OF TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH IN THE OFFSPRING RATS BY LOW LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  4068  33 MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), A CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERANDROGENISM, IS SUGGESTED TO INCREASE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. BECAUSE PCOS IS CLOSELY LINKED TO OBESITY, WE INVESTIGATED THE IMPACT OF AN ADVERSE HORMONAL OR METABOLIC MATERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND OFFSPRING OBESITY ON ANXIETY IN THE OFFSPRING. THE OBESE PCOS PHENOTYPE WAS INDUCED BY CHRONIC HIGH-FAT-HIGH-SUCROSE (HFHS) CONSUMPTION TOGETHER WITH PRENATAL DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE EXPOSURE IN MOUSE DAMS. ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS ASSESSED IN ADULT OFFSPRING WITH THE ELEVATED-PLUS MAZE AND OPEN-FIELD TESTS. THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING DIET ON GENES IMPLICATED IN ANXIETY WERE ANALYZED IN THE AMYGDALA AND HYPOTHALAMUS WITH REAL-TIME PCR ( N = 47). INDEPENDENT OF DIET, FEMALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO MATERNAL ANDROGENS WERE MORE ANXIOUS AND DISPLAYED UP-REGULATION OF ADRENOCEPTOR ALPHA 1B IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ( CRH). BY CONTRAST, MALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO A HFHS MATERNAL DIET HAD INCREASED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND SHOWED UP-REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CRH. OVERALL, THERE WERE SUBSTANTIAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO HOW MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND OBESITY EXERT SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE OFFSPRING OF A PCOS MOUSE MODEL.-MANTI, M., FORNES, R., QI, X., FOLMERZ, E., LINDEN HIRSCHBERG, A., DE CASTRO BARBOSA, T., MALIQUEO, M., BENRICK, A., STENER-VICTORIN, E. MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  3301  28 HIGH-FAT OR ETHINYL-OESTRADIOL INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY INCREASES MAMMARY CANCER RISK IN SEVERAL GENERATIONS OF OFFSPRING. MATERNAL EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS DURING PREGNANCY INFLUENCE THE RISK OF MANY CHRONIC ADULT-ONSET DISEASES IN THE OFFSPRING. HERE WE INVESTIGATE WHETHER FEEDING PREGNANT RATS A HIGH-FAT (HF)- OR ETHINYL-OESTRADIOL (EE2)-SUPPLEMENTED DIET AFFECTS CARCINOGEN-INDUCED MAMMARY CANCER RISK IN DAUGHTERS, GRANDDAUGHTERS AND GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTERS. WE SHOW THAT MAMMARY TUMOURIGENESIS IS HIGHER IN DAUGHTERS AND GRANDDAUGHTERS OF HF RAT DAMS AND IN DAUGHTERS AND GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTERS OF EE2 RAT DAMS. OUTCROSS EXPERIMENTS SUGGEST THAT THE INCREASE IN MAMMARY CANCER RISK IS TRANSMITTED TO HF GRANDDAUGHTERS EQUALLY THROUGH THE FEMALE OR MALE GERM LINES, BUT IT IS ONLY TRANSMITTED TO EE2 GRANDDAUGHTERS THROUGH THE FEMALE GERM LINE. THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EE2 EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING'S MAMMARY CANCER RISK ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION MACHINERY AND METHYLATION PATTERNS IN MAMMARY TISSUE OF ALL THREE EE2 GENERATIONS. WE CONCLUDE THAT DIETARY AND OESTROGENIC EXPOSURES IN PREGNANCY INCREASE BREAST CANCER RISK IN MULTIPLE GENERATIONS OF OFFSPRING, POSSIBLY THROUGH EPIGENETIC MEANS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16   369  31 AN ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT SEXUAL DIMORPHISM VISIBLE AT PUBERTY IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN RODENTS HAVE WELL DOCUMENTED THE MASCULINIZATION OF THE PERINATAL BRAIN BY ESTRADIOL DERIVED FROM AROMATIZED TESTOSTERONE, AND THE RESULTING IRREVERSIBLE QUANTITATIVE SEX-DIFFERENCES GENERATED IN CELL NUMBERS OR EXPRESSION OF CHEMICAL PHENOTYPES. HERE, USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WE EXPLORED HOW THIS APPLIES TO THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT AND MASCULINIZATION OF THE NEUROKININ B (NKB)-CONTAINING SYSTEM OF THE ARCUATE NUCLEUS/MEDIAN EMINENCE COMPLEX (ARC/ME). IN ADULT RATS, NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS EXHIBIT AN UNUSUAL, QUALITATIVE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THEIR VENTRAL AXONAL PROJECTIONS: TO THE NEUROPIL IN FEMALES, TO CAPILLARY VESSELS IN MALES. IN ADULTS, THERE WAS NO SEX-DIFFERENCE IN THE NUMBERS OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE PERIKARYA OR CAPILLARY VESSELS IN THE ARC/ME, SUGGESTING THAT THIS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY THE EXISTENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY STRUCTURES. AT BIRTH (DAY 0) THE NKB SYSTEM WAS IMMATURE IN BOTH SEXES, AND WHILE ITS ADULT FEATURES EMERGED PROGRESSIVELY UNTIL PUBERTY IN FEMALES, THEY DID NOT DEVELOP BEFORE PUBERTY (DAY 40) IN MALES, REVEALING A SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ONLY LATE POSTNATALLY. WHEN MALES WERE ORCHIDECTOMIZED AT DAY 30, THE MASCULINE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS EXPECTED AT DAY 40 WAS NOT SEEN, WHILE IT WAS APPARENT AFTER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE OR DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, SUGGESTING A TESTICULAR MASCULINIZING ACTION VIA ANDROGEN RECEPTORS AT PUBERTY. MOREOVER IN THESE PREPUBERTAL-ORCHIDECTOMIZED MALES, THE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS WAS SURPRISINGLY FEMINIZED BY CHRONIC ESTRADIOL ALONE, SUGGESTING THAT NKB NEURONS ARE NOT IRREVERSIBLY PROGRAMMED BEFORE PUBERTY. LAST, IN ADULT FEMALES, THE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS WAS FEMININE 30 DAYS AFTER OVARIECTOMY, AND IT WAS MASCULINIZED AFTER CONCURRENT CHRONIC DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, SUGGESTING THAT NKB NEURONS REMAIN RESPONSIVE TO ANDROGENS LATE IN REPRODUCTIVE LIFE. THUS, THE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS PROCEEDS WELL BEYOND THE PERINATAL PERIOD AND INCLUDES THE EPIGENETIC ACTION OF NON-AROMATIZABLE ANDROGENS UPON SUBSETS OF NEURONS THAT HAVE RETAINED BIPOTENT FEATURES.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17   586  36 BEHAVIOURAL AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO CANNABINOIDS DURING ADOLESCENCE ON OFFSPRING VULNERABILITY TO STRESS. CHRONIC CANNABINOID EXPOSURE DURING ADOLESCENCE IN MALE RATS INDUCES CHRONIC COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS. HOWEVER, THE IMPACT OF THIS FORM OF EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING VULNERABILITY TO STRESS IS UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE BEHAVIOURAL AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF STRESS IN THE OFFSPRING OF MALE RATS WHOSE FATHERS WERE EXPOSED TO CANNABINOIDS DURING ADOLESCENCE. MALE ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING OF WIN55,212-2 (1.2 MG/KG) TREATED RATS WERE EXPOSED DURING ONE WEEK TO VARIABLE STRESSORS AND SUBJECTED TO BEHAVIOURAL TESTS OF ANXIETY AND EPISODIC-LIKE MEMORY, FOLLOWED BY AN ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES ENZYMES DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. STRESS EXPOSURE INDUCED A SIGNIFICANT ANXIOGENIC-LIKE EFFECT BUT DID NOT AFFECT THE EPISODIC-LIKE MEMORY IN THE OFFSPRING OF WIN55,212-2 EXPOSED FATHERS IN COMPARISON TO THE OFFSPRING OF NON-EXPOSED FATHERS. THESE BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES WERE SUBSEQUENT TO A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT1 AND DNMTA3 TRANSCRIPTION IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT THE DELETERIOUS EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CANNABINOIDS DURING ADOLESCENCE ARE NOT LIMITED TO THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS BUT MAY INCREASE THE VULNERABILITY TO STRESS-INDUCED ANXIETY IN THE OFFSPRING AND ALTER THEIR EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18   578  38 BEHAVIOR, BDNF AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN RESPONSE TO SOCIAL ISOLATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN MIDDLE AGED RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS. SOCIAL DEPRIVATION CAN BE STRESSFUL FOR GROUP-LIVING MAMMALS. ON THE OTHER HAND, AN AMAZING RESPONSE OF THESE ANIMALS TO STRESS IS SEEKING SOCIAL CONTACT TO GIVE AND RECEIVE JOINT PROTECTION IN THREATENING SITUATIONS. WE EXPLORED THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON EPIGENETIC AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, WE INVESTIGATED THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS, BDNF GENE EXPRESSION, AND MARKERS OF HIPPOCAMPAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS (LEVELS OF H3K9 ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION, H3K27 METHYLATION, HDAC5, DNMT1, AND DNMT3A GENE EXPRESSIONS) IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULT RATS MAINTAINED IN DIFFERENT HOUSING CONDITIONS (ISOLATION OR ACCOMPANIED HOUSING) AND EXPOSED TO THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS PROTOCOL (CUS). ISOLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED BASAL LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE, IMPAIRED LONG-TERM MEMORY, AND DECREASED EXPRESSION OF THE BDNF GENE, BESIDES ALTERING THE BALANCE OF H3K9 FROM ACETYLATION TO METHYLATION AND INCREASING THE DNMT1 GENE EXPRESSION. THE CUS PROTOCOL DECREASED H3K9 ACETYLATION, BESIDES INCREASING H3K27 METHYLATION AND DNMT1 GENE EXPRESSION, BUT HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON MEMORY AND BDNF GENE EXPRESSION. INTERESTINGLY, THE EFFECTS OF CUS ON CORTICOSTERONE AND HDAC5 GENE EXPRESSION WERE SEEN ONLY IN ISOLATED ANIMALS, WHEREAS THE EFFECTS OF CUS ON DNMT1 GENE EXPRESSION WERE MORE PRONOUNCED IN ISOLATED THAN ACCOMPANIED ANIMALS. IN CONCLUSION, SOCIAL ISOLATION IN MIDDLE AGE SHOWED BROADER EFFECTS THAN CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS ON BEHAVIORAL AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED BDNF EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, SOCIAL SUPPORT PREVENTED THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CUS ON HPA AXIS FUNCTIONING, HDAC5, AND DNMT1 GENE EXPRESSIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  4397  42 MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN RODENT CORTICAL NEUROPLASTICITY PATHWAYS EXERTS RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. BACKGROUND: STRESS INCREASES DNA METHYLATION, PRIMARILY A SUPPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CATALYZED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT), AND DECREASES THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEURONAL PLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION. DESPITE CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT DECREASES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER INHIBITION OF DNMT WOULD CONVEY RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. AIM: THIS WORK TESTED SUCH A HYPOTHESIS AND EVALUATED WHETHER A BEHAVIORAL EFFECT INDUCED BY DNMT INHIBITORS (DNMTI) CORRESPONDS WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN GENES CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY (BDNF, TRKB, 5-HT(1A), NMDA, AND AMPA). METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS RECEIVED INTRAPERITONEAL (I.P.) INJECTION OF TWO PHARMACOLOGICALLY DIFFERENT DNMTI (5-AZAD 0.2 AND 0.6 MG/KG OR RG108 0.6 MG/KG) OR VEHICLE (1 ML/KG), 1 H OR 7 DAYS BEFORE THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS TEST (LH). DNA METHYLATION IN TARGET GENES AND THE CORRESPONDENT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) USING MEDIP-QPCR. IN PARALLEL SEPARATE GROUPS, THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF 5-AZAD AND RG108 WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST (FST). THE INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICAL BDNF-TRKB-MTOR PATHWAYS WAS ASSESSED BY INTRA-VENTRAL MEDIAL PFC (VMPFC) INJECTIONS OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR INHIBITOR), K252A (TRKB RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST), OR VEHICLE (0.2 MUL/SIDE). RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT BOTH 5-AZAD AND RG108 ACUTELY AND 7 DAYS BEFORE THE TEST DECREASED ESCAPE FAILURES IN THE LH. LH STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AND DECREASED TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF BDNF IV AND TRKB IN THE PFC, EFFECTS THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BY RG108 TREATMENT. THE SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF 5-AZAD (0.2 MG/KG) AND RG108 (0.2 MG/KG) INDUCED AN ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN FST, WHICH WAS, HOWEVER, ATTENUATED BY TRKB AND MTOR INHIBITION INTO THE VMPFC. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ACUTE INHIBITION OF STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RAPID AND SUSTAINED ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED BDNF-TRKB-MTOR SIGNALING IN THE PFC.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20   994  35 CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES SEX-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR GENE IN THE RAT. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH THE HIGHER PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN IS WELL KNOWN, THE NEURONAL BASIS OF THIS SEX DIFFERENCE IS LARGELY ELUSIVE. METHODS: MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC VARIABLE MILD STRESS (CVMS) AFTER WHICH IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE PRODUCTS, CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) MRNA AND PEPTIDE, VARIOUS EPIGENETIC-ASSOCIATED ENZYMES AND DNA METHYLATION OF THE CRF GENE WERE DETERMINED IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN), OVAL (BSTOV) AND FUSIFORM (BSTFU) PARTS OF THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE STRIA TERMINALIS, AND CENTRAL AMYGDALA (CEA). RESULTS: CVMS INDUCED SITE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN CRF GENE METHYLATION IN ALL BRAIN CENTERS STUDIED IN FEMALE RATS AND IN THE MALE BST AND CEA, WHEREAS THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, CREB-BINDING PROTEIN WAS INCREASED IN THE FEMALE BST AND THE HISTONE-DEACETYLASE-5 DECREASED IN THE MALE CEA. THESE CHANGES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY AN INCREASED AMOUNT OF C-FOS IN THE PVN, BSTFU AND CEA IN MALES, AND OF FOSB IN THE PVN OF BOTH SEXES AND IN THE MALE BSTOV AND BSTFU. IN THE PVN, CVMS INCREASED CRF MRNA IN MALES AND CRF PEPTIDE DECREASED IN FEMALES. CONCLUSIONS: THE DATA CONFIRM OUR HYPOTHESIS THAT CHRONIC STRESS AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION AND CRF TRANSCRIPTIONAL, TRANSLATIONAL AND SECRETORY ACTIVITIES IN THE PVN, BSTOV, BSTFU AND CEA, IN A BRAIN CENTER-SPECIFIC AND SEX-SPECIFIC MANNER. BRAIN REGION-SPECIFIC AND SEX-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY AND NEURONAL ACTIVATION MAY PLAY, TOO, AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE SEX SPECIFICITY OF THE STRESS RESPONSE AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION.	2011