1  1344 104 DETECTION OF BRAIN AMYLOID BETA DEPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: PET EVALUATION USING PITTSBURGH COMPOUND-B. OBJECTIVE: TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS AN EPIGENETIC RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND AMYLOID BETA (ABETA) DEPOSITION IS OBSERVED HISTOPATHOLOGICALLY IN THE TRAUMATIZED BRAIN. THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETECT CEREBRAL ABETA DEPOSITION USING AMYLOID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT AFTER TBI. METHODS: TWELVE PATIENTS WITH POST-TRAUMATIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT (11 MEN AND ONE WOMAN, AGE RANGE = 21-78 YEARS) WERE EXAMINED USING PITTSBURGH COMPOUND B ((11)C-PIB) PET AT THE CHRONIC STAGE AFTER TBI (RANGE = 5-129 MONTHS). RESULTS: (11)C-PIB WAS POSITIVE IN THREE PATIENTS AND NEGATIVE IN THE OTHER NINE PATIENTS. THERE WAS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN (11)C-PIB DEPOSITION AND THE SEVERITY OF INJURY; INITIAL CT FINDINGS; ELAPSED TIME FROM THE INJURY; AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST SCORES. CONCLUSIONS: THE ABSENCE OF ABETA DEPOSITION IN MANY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT AFTER TBI DOES NOT SUPPORT THE PREMISE THAT ABETA PATHOLOGY PROGRESSES OVER TIME IN THE TRAUMATIZED BRAIN. EARLY AND SEQUENTIAL (11)C-PIB PET EXAMINATION MAY CLARIFY THE TIME COURSE OF ABETA DEPOSITION IN THE TRAUMATIZED BRAIN AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INSULT AND SUBSEQUENT NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2  4724  21 NONINVASIVE MULTIMODAL METHODS TO DIFFERENTIATE INFLAMED VS FIBROTIC STRICTURES IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. FIBROTIC STRICTURES OCCUR IN 30% OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE (CD). HOWEVER, THERE ARE NO THERAPEUTIC AGENTS THAT PREVENT OR REVERSE FIBROTIC STRICTURES. STRICTURES ARE TREATED BY ENDOSCOPIC DILATATION PROCEDURES AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES, BUT THERE ARE HIGH RATES OF RECURRENCE. TWO ANTIFIBROTIC AGENTS (NINTEDANIB AND PIRFENIDONE) RECENTLY WERE APPROVED FOR THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND INHIBITORS OF RHO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASES 1 AND 2 REVERSED FIBROSIS IN MICE WITH CHRONIC INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION. CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) ENTEROGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ENTEROGRAPHY, AND BOWEL ULTRASOUND, ARE USED TO ASSESS SMALL-BOWEL AND CD-RELATED COMPLICATIONS, INCLUDING STRICTURES. IT IS IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN STRICTURES TO SELECT THE BEST THERAPY; THIS CAN BE A CHALLENGE BECAUSE INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS CO-EXIST TO VARYING DEGREES IN A DAMAGED BOWEL SEGMENT. DELAYED GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT, MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER MR IMAGING, AND ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY SEEM TO BE PROMISING TOOLS FOR ASSESSING FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CD. WE REVIEW NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUES FOR FIBROSIS ASSESSMENT, INCLUDING ANALYSES OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND PROTEIN MARKERS. WE DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL OF IMAGING TECHNIQUES SUCH AS DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED AND MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER MR IMAGING, STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY, SHEAR-WAVE IMAGING, AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY TO GUIDE THERAPEUTIC DECISIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH STRICTURING CD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
3  1200  19 CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE AND IMAGING, RETHINKING THE STRESS AXIS. THE STRESS SYSTEM PROVIDES INTEGRATION OF BOTH NEUROCHEMICAL AND SOMATIC PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS WITHIN ORGANISMS AS AN ADAPTIVE MECHANISM TO CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT EVOLUTION. IN MAMMALS AND PRIMATES THE COMPLEXITY AND SOPHISTICATION OF THESE SYSTEMS HAVE SURPASSED OTHER SPECIES IN TRIAGING NEUROCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC SIGNALING TO MAXIMIZE CHANCES OF SURVIVAL. CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) AND ITS RELATED PEPTIDES AND RECEPTORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED OVER THE LAST THREE DECADES AND ARE FUNDAMENTAL MOLECULAR INITIATORS OF THE STRESS RESPONSE. THEY ARE CRUCIAL IN THE TOP DOWN REGULATORY CASCADE OVER A MYRIAD OF NEUROCHEMICAL, NEUROENDOCRINE AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM EVENTS. FROM NEUROSCIENCE, WE'VE SEEN THAT STRESS ACTIVATION IMPACTS BEHAVIOR, ENDOCRINE AND SOMATIC PHYSIOLOGY AND INFLUENCES NEUROCHEMICAL EVENTS THAT ONE CAN CAPTURE IN REAL TIME WITH CURRENT IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES. TO DELINEATE THESE EFFECTS ONE CAN DEMONSTRATE HOW THE CRH NEURONAL NETWORKS INFILTRATE CRITICAL COGNITIVE, EMOTIVE AND AUTONOMIC REGIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) WITH SOMATIC EFFECTS. ABUNDANT PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES SHOW INTER-REGULATORY ACTIONS OF CRH WITH MULTIPLE NEUROTRANSMITTERS/PEPTIDES. STRESS, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC HAS EPIGENETIC EFFECTS WHICH MAGNIFY GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO ALTER NEUROCHEMISTRY; STRESS SYSTEM ACTIVATION CAN ADD CRITICAL VARIABLES IN DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION OF BASIC AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE AND RELATED RESEARCH. THIS REVIEW WILL ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE SPECTRUM OF KNOWN FUNCTIONS AND SPECULATIVE ACTIONS OF CRH AND STRESS RESPONSES IN LIGHT OF IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INTERPRETATION. METABOLIC AND NEURORECEPTOR POSITRON EMISSION/SINGLE PHOTON TOMOGRAPHY (PET/SPECT), FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (FMRI), ANATOMIC MRI, DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI), AND PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (PMRS) ARE TECHNOLOGIES THAT CAN DELINEATE BASIC MECHANISMS OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY. STRESS MODULATES THE MYRIAD OF NEUROCHEMICAL AND NETWORKS WITHIN AND CONTROLLED THROUGH THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ACTIVATION ON IMAGING WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                               
4  2798  27 FDG-PET IMAGING REVEALS LOCAL BRAIN GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IS ALTERED BY CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK--THE FIRST OF ITS KIND--WAS TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC SELECTIVE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR TREATMENT ON BRAIN ACTIVITY USING UPTAKE OF THE RADIOLIGAND (18)F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY ((18)FDG-PET). HDAC DYSFUNCTION AND OTHER EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE IMPLICATED IN DIVERSE CNS DISORDERS AND ANIMAL RESEARCH SUGGESTS HDAC INHIBITION MAY PROVIDE A LEAD TOWARD DEVELOPING IMPROVED TREATMENT. TO BEGIN TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THE CLASS I HDAC SUBTYPES HDAC 1, 2 AND 3 IN MODULATING BRAIN ACTIVITY, WE UTILIZED TWO BENZAMIDE INHIBITORS FROM THE LITERATURE, COMPOUND 60 (CPD-60) AND CI-994 WHICH SELECTIVELY INHIBIT HDAC 1 AND 2 OR HDACS 1, 2 AND 3, RESPECTIVELY. ONE DAY AFTER THE SEVENTH TREATMENT WITH CPD-60 (22.5 MG/KG) OR CI-994 (5 MG/KG), (18)FDG-PET EXPERIMENTS (N=11-12 RATS PER TREATMENT GROUP) REVEALED SIGNIFICANT, LOCAL CHANGES IN BRAIN GLUCOSE UTILIZATION. THESE 2-17% CHANGES WERE REPRESENTED BY INCREASES AND DECREASES IN GLUCOSE UPTAKE. THE PATTERN OF CHANGES WAS SIMILAR BUT DISTINCT BETWEEN CPD-60 AND CI-994, SUPPORTING THAT (18)FDG-PET IS A USEFUL TOOL TO EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HDAC SUBTYPE ACTIVITY AND BRAIN ACTIVITY. FURTHER WORK USING ADDITIONAL SELECTIVE HDAC INHIBITORS WILL BE NEEDED TO CLARIFY THESE EFFECTS AS WELL AS TO UNDERSTAND HOW BRAIN ACTIVITY CHANGES INFLUENCE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5   796  25 CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN CANCER: FROM MECHANISMS TO DETECTION. SENESCENCE REFERS TO A CELLULAR STATE FEATURING A STABLE CELL-CYCLE ARREST TRIGGERED IN RESPONSE TO STRESS. THIS RESPONSE ALSO INVOLVES OTHER DISTINCT MORPHOLOGICAL AND INTRACELLULAR CHANGES INCLUDING ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ELEVATED MACROMOLECULAR DAMAGE, METABOLISM DEREGULATION AND A COMPLEX PRO-INFLAMMATORY SECRETORY PHENOTYPE. THE INITIAL DEMONSTRATION OF ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE IN VITRO ESTABLISHED SENESCENCE AS AN IMPORTANT TUMOUR-SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISM, IN ADDITION TO APOPTOSIS. SENESCENCE NOT ONLY HALTS THE PROLIFERATION OF PREMALIGNANT CELLS BUT ALSO FACILITATES THE CLEARANCE OF AFFECTED CELLS THROUGH IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE. FAILURE TO CLEAR SENESCENT CELLS OWING TO DEFICIENT IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE MAY, HOWEVER, LEAD TO A STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT NURTURES A PRO-TUMORIGENIC MICROENVIRONMENT FAVOURING CANCER INITIATION, MIGRATION AND METASTASIS. IN ADDITION, SENESCENCE IS A RESPONSE TO POST-THERAPY GENOTOXIC STRESS. THEREFORE, TRACKING THE EMERGENCE OF SENESCENT CELLS BECOMES PIVOTAL TO DETECT POTENTIAL PRO-TUMORIGENIC EVENTS. CURRENT PROTOCOLS FOR THE IN VIVO DETECTION OF SENESCENCE REQUIRE THE ANALYSIS OF FIXED OR DEEP-FROZEN TISSUES, DESPITE A SIGNIFICANT CLINICAL NEED FOR REAL-TIME BIOIMAGING METHODS. ACCURACY AND EFFICIENCY OF SENESCENCE DETECTION ARE FURTHER HAMPERED BY A LACK OF UNIVERSAL AND MORE SPECIFIC SENESCENCE BIOMARKERS. RECENTLY, IN AN ATTEMPT TO OVERCOME THESE HURDLES, AN ASSORTMENT OF DETECTION TOOLS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. THESE STRATEGIES ALL HAVE SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL FOR CLINICAL UTILISATION AND INCLUDE FLOW CYTOMETRY COMBINED WITH HISTO- OR CYTOCHEMICAL APPROACHES, NANOPARTICLE-BASED TARGETED DELIVERY OF IMAGING CONTRAST AGENTS, OFF-ON FLUORESCENT SENOPROBES, POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY SENOPROBES AND ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING SASP FACTORS, EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CELL-FREE NUCLEIC ACIDS ISOLATED FROM PLASMA. HERE, WE HIGHLIGHT THE OCCURRENCE OF SENESCENCE IN NEOPLASIA AND ADVANCED TUMOURS, ASSESS THE IMPACT OF SENESCENCE ON TUMORIGENESIS AND DISCUSS HOW THE ONGOING DEVELOPMENT OF SENESCENCE DETECTION TOOLS MIGHT IMPROVE EARLY DETECTION OF MULTIPLE CANCERS AND RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN THE NEAR FUTURE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                     
6   704  25 BUILDING RESILIENCE AGAINST THE SEQUELAE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES: RISE UP, CHANGE YOUR LIFE, AND REFORM HEALTH CARE. A REFORMED APPROACH TO HEALTH CARE TACKLES HEALTH AT ITS ROOTS. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) IN THOSE EXPOSED TO THEM MAY CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE ROOT CAUSES OF MANY DISEASES OF LIFESTYLE. ACES ARE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES, SUCH AS PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND EXPOSURE TO RISKY FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS. IN 1998, A GROUND-BREAKING STUDY FOUND THAT NEARLY 70% OF AMERICANS EXPERIENCE AT LEAST 1 ACE IN THEIR LIFETIME, AND GRADED EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS, HEART DISEASE, CANCER, AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES. OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, EVIDENCE HAS DEMONSTRATED FURTHER DISEASE RISK, OUTCOMES, AND EPIGENETIC UNDERPINNINGS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH ACES. BUILDING RESILIENCE-THE CAPACITY TO ADAPT IN HEALTHY WAYS TO TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES-THROUGH LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION OFFERS POTENTIAL TO COMBAT THE NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ACES. EMERGING RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES RESILIENCE IS CULTIVATED THROUGH INDIVIDUAL SKILLS (EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING, AND FOSTERING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES), AND NURTURING SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIPS. BEING MINDFUL OF THE IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF ACES AND DIVERSITY OF INDIVIDUALS' EXPERIENCES IN SOCIETY WILL HELP BUILD RESILIENCE AND COMBAT THE ROOT CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO CULTIVATE THAT AWARENESS AND WILL DISCUSS 3 OBJECTIVES: TO DISCUSS THE EFFECTS AND HYPOTHESIZED PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN CHILDHOOD ON HEALTH AND WELLBEING THROUGHOUT LIFE, TO PRESENT WAYS WE CAN PROMOTE RESILIENCE IN OUR DAILY LIVES AND PATIENT ENCOUNTERS, AND TO DEMONSTRATE HOW ADVOCACY FOR THE REDUCTION OF ACES AND PROMOTION OF RESILIENT, TRAUMA-INFORMED ENVIRONMENTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO HEALTH CARE REFORM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7   103  26 A REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK FOR PERSONALIZED AND TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES: PERSPECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY. DESPITE MANY PEOPLE HAVING SIMILAR CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, AND CLINICAL CARE, OUTCOME CAN DIFFER FOR THOSE SUSTAINING SIGNIFICANT INJURY SUCH AS SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI). IN ADDITION TO TRADITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND CLINICAL FACTORS, VARIABILITY ALSO MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO INNATE (INCLUDING GENETIC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROTEOMIC, EPIGENETIC) BIOLOGICAL VARIATION THAT INDIVIDUALS BRING TO RECOVERY AND THEIR UNIQUE RESPONSE TO THEIR CARE AND ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES COLLECTIVELY CALLED "-OMICS" ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF BIOMOLECULES THAT CAN CAPTURE MANY POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS TO HETEROGENEITY OF INJURY/DISEASE COURSE AND OUTCOME. DUE TO THE NATURE OF INJURY AND COMPLEX DISEASE, AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY, AND RECOVERY, REHABILITATION DOES NOT LEND ITSELF TO A SINGULAR "PROTOCOLIZED" PLAN OF THERAPY. YET, BY NATURE AND BY NECESSITY, REHABILITATION MEDICINE OPERATES AS A FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF "PERSONALIZED CARE". THUS, THE CHALLENGE FOR SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS OF TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION CARE AND RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY VIABLE APPROACHES TO EXAMINE BROAD POPULATIONS, WITH VARIED IMPAIRMENTS AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, AND TO IDENTIFY EFFECTIVE TREATMENT RESPONSES THAT INCORPORATE PERSONALIZED PROTOCOLS TO OPTIMIZE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY. THE REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK IS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL THAT PROVIDES AN "-OMICS" OVERLAY TO THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF REHABILITATION PROCESSES AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL OUTCOMES. REHABILOMICS RESEARCH PROVIDES NOVEL OPPORTUNITIES TO EVALUATE THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF COMPLEX INJURY OR CHRONIC DISEASE AND CAN BE USED TO EXAMINE METHODS AND TREATMENTS FOR PERSON-CENTERED CARE AMONG POPULATIONS WITH DISABILITIES. EXEMPLARS FOR APPLICATION IN SCI AND OTHER NEUROREHABILITATION POPULATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8   965  25 CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS A SERIOUS PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN AND A MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY WORLDWIDE. EACH YEAR, AN ESTIMATED 1.7 MILLION AMERICANS SUSTAIN TBI OF WHICH ~52,000 PEOPLE DIE, ~275,000 PEOPLE ARE HOSPITALIZED AND 1,365,000 PEOPLE ARE TREATED AS EMERGENCY OUTPATIENTS. CURRENTLY THERE ARE ~5.3 MILLION AMERICANS LIVING WITH TBI. TBI IS MORE OF A DISEASE PROCESS THAN OF AN EVENT THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM SENSOMOTOR, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS. TBI IS THE BEST KNOWN ESTABLISHED EPIGENETIC RISK FACTOR FOR LATER DEVELOPMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND DEMENTIA. PEOPLE SUSTAINING TBI ARE ~4 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP DEMENTIA AT A LATER STAGE THAN PEOPLE WITHOUT TBI. SINGLE BRAIN INJURY IS LINKED TO LATER DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS RESEMBLING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WHILE REPETITIVE BRAIN INJURIES ARE LINKED TO LATER DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE) AND/OR DEMENTIA PUGILISTICA (DP). FURTHERMORE, GENETIC BACKGROUND OF SS-AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP), APOLIPOPROTEIN E (APOE), PRESENILIN (PS) AND NEPRILYSIN (NEP) GENES IS ASSOCIATED WITH EXACERBATION OF NEURODEGENERATIVE PROCESS AFTER TBI. THIS REVIEW ENCOMPASSES ACUTE EFFECTS AND CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE CONSEQUENCES AFTER TBI.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  1459  32 DISORDERED APP METABOLISM AND NEUROVASCULATURE IN TRAUMA AND AGING: COMBINED RISKS FOR CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI), ADVANCED AGE, AND CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISEASE ARE FACTORS CONFERRING INCREASED RISK FOR LATE ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THESE CONDITIONS ARE ALSO RELATED PATHOLOGICALLY THROUGH MULTIPLE INTERACTING MECHANISMS. THE HALLMARK PATHOLOGY OF AD CONSISTS OF PATHOLOGICAL AGGREGATES OF AMYLOID-BETA (ABETA) PEPTIDES AND TAU PROTEINS. THESE MOLECULES ARE ALSO INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHOLOGY OF SEVERAL OTHER CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, AND ARE UNDER INTENSE INVESTIGATION IN THE AFTERMATH OF TBI AS POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTORS TO THE RISK FOR DEVELOPING AD AND CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE). THE PATHOLOGY OF TBI IS COMPLEX AND DEPENDENT ON INJURY SEVERITY, AGE-AT-INJURY, AND LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN INJURY AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION. IN ADDITION, THE MECHANISMS INFLUENCING PATHOLOGY AND RECOVERY AFTER TBI LIKELY INVOLVE GENETIC/EPIGENETIC FACTORS AS WELL AS ADDITIONAL DISORDERS OR COMORBID STATES RELATED TO AGE AND CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR HEALTH. IN THIS REGARD, DYSFUNCTION OF THE AGING NEUROVASCULAR SYSTEM COULD BE AN IMPORTANT LINK BETWEEN TBI AND CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, EITHER AS A PRECIPITATING EVENT OR RELATED TO ACCUMULATION OF AD-LIKE PATHOLOGY WHICH IS AMPLIFIED IN THE CONTEXT OF AGING. THUS WITH ADVANCED AGE AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION, TBI CAN TRIGGER SELF-PROPAGATING CYCLES OF NEURONAL INJURY, PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN AGGREGATION, AND SYNAPTIC LOSS RESULTING IN CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. IN THIS REVIEW WE DISCUSS EVIDENCE SUPPORTING TBI AND AGING AS DUAL, INTERACTING RISK FACTORS FOR AD, AND THE ROLE OF ABETA AND CEREBRAL VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN THIS RELATIONSHIP. EVIDENCE IS DISCUSSED THAT ABETA IS INVOLVED IN CYTO- AND SYNAPTO-TOXICITY AFTER SEVERE TBI, AND THAT ITS CHRONIC EFFECTS ARE POTENTIATED BY AGING AND IMPAIRED CEREBRAL VASCULAR FUNCTION. FROM A THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVE, WE EMPHASIZE THAT IN THE FIELDS OF TBI- AND AGING-RELATED NEURODEGENERATION PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES SHOULD INCLUDE PRESERVATION OF NEUROVASCULAR FUNCTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  6329  28 THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. THIS REVIEW WILL DISCUSS THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. RELEVANT STUDIES WERE IDENTIFIED VIA MEDLINE (PUBMED) AND PSYCINFO DATABASES PUBLISHED UP TO AND INCLUDING JULY 2015. THIS REVIEW CONTRIBUTES TO A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY LIFE STRESS, AS WELL AS SETTING CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN A BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DISCUSSING NOVEL LONG-TERM PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EVENTS ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN ADDITION TO A MORE SEVERE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OVER TIME (PRIMARILY AN EARLIER AGE AT ONSET AND AN INCREASED RISK OF SUICIDE ATTEMPT AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE). CHILDHOOD TRAUMA LEADS TO ALTERATIONS OF AFFECT REGULATION, IMPULSE CONTROL, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING THAT MIGHT DECREASE THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH LATER STRESSORS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA INTERACTS WITH SEVERAL GENES BELONGING TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS [HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, SEROTONERGIC TRANSMISSION, NEUROPLASTICITY, IMMUNITY, CALCIUM SIGNALING, AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS] TO DECREASE THE AGE AT THE ONSET OF THE DISORDER OR INCREASE THE RISK OF SUICIDE. EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDER. BIOLOGICAL SEQUELAE SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, OR TELOMERE SHORTENING ARE POTENTIAL MEDIATORS OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN PARTICULAR WITH REGARD TO PHYSICAL HEALTH. THE MAIN CLINICAL IMPLICATION IS TO SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESS CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDERS, OR AT LEAST IN THOSE WITH A SEVERE OR INSTABLE COURSE. THE CHALLENGE FOR THE NEXT YEARS WILL BE TO FILL THE GAP BETWEEN CLINICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND ROUTINE PRACTICE, SINCE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGING THIS SPECIFIC POPULATION ARE LACKING. IN PARTICULAR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON WHICH PSYCHOTHERAPIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED OR WHICH TARGETS THERAPISTS SHOULD FOCUS ON, AS WELL AS HOW CHILDHOOD TRAUMA COULD EXPLAIN THE RESISTANCE TO MOOD STABILIZERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  6266  21 THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE. THE STRESS-DIATHESIS MODEL POSITS THAT SUICIDE IS THE RESULT OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE-DEPENDENT (ENVIRONMENTAL) STRESSORS AND A TRAIT-LIKE DIATHESIS OR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR, INDEPENDENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. FINDINGS FROM POST-MORTEM STUDIES OF THE BRAIN AND FROM GENOMIC AND IN-VIVO NEUROIMAGING STUDIES INDICATE A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THIS DIATHESIS, INDICATING THE IMPORTANCE OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING AND INTERVENTIONS, IN ADDITION TO COGNITIVE AND MOOD INTERVENTIONS, IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE. EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT EXPLAIN SOME OF THE LINK BETWEEN SUICIDE RISK AND BRAIN CIRCUITRY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY ABNORMALITIES. RESULTS FROM A RANGE OF STUDIES USING DIVERSE DESIGNS AND POST-MORTEM AND IN-VIVO TECHNIQUES SHOW IMPAIRMENTS OF THE SEROTONIN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM AND THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS STRESS-RESPONSE SYSTEM IN THE DIATHESIS FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. THESE IMPAIRMENTS MANIFEST AS IMPAIRED COGNITIVE CONTROL OF MOOD, PESSIMISM, REACTIVE AGGRESSIVE TRAITS, IMPAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING, OVER-REACTIVITY TO NEGATIVE SOCIAL SIGNS, EXCESSIVE EMOTIONAL PAIN, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION, LEADING TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. BIOMARKERS RELATED TO THE DIATHESIS MIGHT HELP TO INFORM RISK-ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND TREATMENT CHOICE IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12   113  27 A SELECTIVE HDAC 1/2 INHIBITOR MODULATES CHROMATIN AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BRAIN AND ALTERS MOUSE BEHAVIOR IN TWO MOOD-RELATED TESTS. PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES, INCLUDING SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDER AND MAJOR DEPRESSION, ARE PROJECTED TO LEAD GLOBAL DISEASE BURDEN WITHIN THE NEXT DECADE. PHARMACOTHERAPY, THE PRIMARY--ALBEIT OFTEN INEFFECTIVE--TREATMENT METHOD, HAS REMAINED LARGELY UNCHANGED OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS, HIGHLIGHTING THE NEED FOR NOVEL TARGET DISCOVERY AND IMPROVED MECHANISM-BASED TREATMENTS. HERE, WE EXAMINED IN WILD TYPE MICE THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC, SYSTEMIC TREATMENT WITH COMPOUND 60 (CPD-60), A SLOW-BINDING, BENZAMIDE-BASED INHIBITOR OF THE CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) FAMILY MEMBERS, HDAC1 AND HDAC2, IN MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS RESPONSIVE TO CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DRUGS. CPD-60 TREATMENT FOR ONE WEEK WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ATTENUATED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY FOLLOWING ACUTE AMPHETAMINE CHALLENGE. FURTHER, TREATED MICE DEMONSTRATED DECREASED IMMOBILITY IN THE FORCED SWIM TEST. THESE CHANGES ARE CONSISTENT WITH ESTABLISHED EFFECTS OF CLINICAL MOOD STABILIZERS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS, RESPECTIVELY. WHOLE-GENOME EXPRESSION PROFILING OF SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS (PREFRONTAL CORTEX, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, HIPPOCAMPUS) FROM MICE TREATED WITH CPD-60 IDENTIFIED GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES, INCLUDING A SMALL SUBSET OF TRANSCRIPTS THAT SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED THOSE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN LITHIUM-TREATED MICE. HDAC INHIBITION IN BRAIN WAS CONFIRMED BY INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION BOTH GLOBALLY AND, USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AT THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF UPREGULATED TRANSCRIPTS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH IN VIVO ENGAGEMENT OF HDAC TARGETS. IN CONTRAST, TREATMENT WITH SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA), A NON-SELECTIVE FAST-BINDING, HYDROXAMIC ACID HDAC 1/2/3/6 INHIBITOR, WAS SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION IN BRAIN, BUT DID NOT ALTER MOOD-RELATED BEHAVIORS AND HAD DISSIMILAR TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY EFFECTS COMPARED TO CPD-60. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF HDAC1 AND HDAC2 IN BRAIN MAY PROVIDE AN EPIGENETIC-BASED TARGET FOR DEVELOPING IMPROVED TREATMENTS FOR MOOD DISORDERS AND OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS WITH ALTERED CHROMATIN-MEDIATED NEUROPLASTICITY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  6478  23 TOPICAL REVIEW: THE EMERGING FIELD OF EPIGENETICS: INFORMING MODELS OF PEDIATRIC TRAUMA AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. OBJECTIVE: TRAUMA EXPERIENCED DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A NUMBER OF CHRONIC MEDICAL CONCERNS. WE HIGHLIGHT MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THE PEDIATRIC TRAUMA LITERATURE TO PROVIDE A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THIS ASSOCIATION. METHODS: STUDIES EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA WERE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED AND SYNTHESIZED INTO A MODEL PROPOSING A CENTRAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETICS IN THE WAYS THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES CAN AFFECT HEALTH. RESULTS: EARLY HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS RESPONSE MAY IMPACT INITIAL TRAUMA EXPERIENCE, WITH DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON POSTTRAUMA ADJUSTMENT REFLECTED IN POSTTRAUMA NEUROBIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS NEEDED TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ON THE COURSE OF HPA AND IMMUNE PROCESSES AS RELATED TO POSTTRAUMA PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14  1058  22 CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY, DEPRESSION, OR ANXIETY. PURPOSE: SUSTAINED HIGH STRESS EXPOSURE RESULTS IN CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM, DYSREGULATED STRESS RESPONSES, HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, AND POOR LATER-LIFE HEALTH. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS FACE STRESSORS RELATED TO THEIR CONDITION IN ADDITION TO THOSE TYPICAL OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, PLACING THEM AT RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECONDARY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE WHETHER YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS DIFFER FROM CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TWO DATASETS, THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD OF A TERTIARY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND DATA FROM THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN, COMPARED YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS TO CONTROLS ON CLINICAL MEASURES OF ALLOSTATIC LOAD. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES EXPLORED WHETHER PARENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCED THESE RELATIONSHIPS. RESULTS: ANALYSES IDENTIFIED DIFFERENCES IN BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE BETWEEN YOUTH WITH FOOD ALLERGY, ANXIETY, OR DEPRESSION, AND CONTROLS. THESE RELATIONSHIPS DIFFERED FOR MALES AND FEMALES AND FOR THOSE WITH COMORBID MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, AND WERE INFLUENCED BY PARENT STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS SUPPORT FUTURE STUDIES EXPLORING WHETHER HIGH STRESS IN YOUTH WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS LEADS TO INCREASED ALLOSTATIC LOAD. INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS WILL PROVIDE CRITICAL INSIGHTS. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: YOUTH WITH MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CHCS MAY BE AT INCREASED RISK OF HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD, REFLECTED IN CLINICAL MEASURES OF METABOLISM, AND SHOULD HAVE REGULAR ASSESSMENTS OF THEIR METABOLIC HEALTH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  5792  30 STAGING IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: FROM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO CLINICAL UTILITY. ILLNESS STAGING IS WIDELY UTILIZED IN SEVERAL MEDICAL DISCIPLINES TO HELP PREDICT COURSE OR PROGNOSIS, AND OPTIMIZE TREATMENT. STAGING MODELS IN PSYCHIATRY IN GENERAL, AND BIPOLAR DISORDER IN PARTICULAR, DEPEND ON THE PREMISE THAT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MOVES ALONG A PREDICTABLE PATH: AN AT-RISK OR LATENCY STAGE, A PRODROME PROGRESSING TO A FIRST CLINICAL THRESHOLD EPISODE, AND ONE OR MORE RECURRENCES WITH THE POTENTIAL TO REVERT OR PROGRESS TO LATE OR END-STAGE MANIFESTATIONS. THE UTILITY AND VALIDITY OF A STAGING MODEL FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER DEPEND ON ITS LINKING TO CLINICAL OUTCOME, TREATMENT RESPONSE AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MEASURES. THESE INCLUDE PROGRESSIVE BIOCHEMICAL, NEUROIMAGING AND COGNITIVE CHANGES, AND POTENTIALLY STAGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENTS. MECHANISTICALLY, STAGING MODELS IMPLY THE PRESENCE OF AN ACTIVE DISEASE PROCESS THAT, IF NOT REMEDIATED, CAN LEAD TO NEUROPROGRESSION, A MORE MALIGNANT DISEASE COURSE AND FUNCTIONAL DETERIORATION. BIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS THOUGHT TO BE OPERATIVE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER INCLUDE A GENETIC DIATHESIS, PHYSICAL AND PSYCHIC TRAUMA, EPIGENETIC CHANGES, ALTERED NEUROGENESIS AND APOPTOSIS, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. MANY AVAILABLE AGENTS, SUCH AS LITHIUM, HAVE EFFECTS ON THESE TARGETS. STAGING MODELS ALSO SUGGEST THE UTILITY OF STAGE-SPECIFIC TREATMENT APPROACHES THAT MAY NOT ONLY TARGET SYMPTOM REDUCTION, BUT ALSO IMPEDE ILLNESS NEUROPROGRESSION. THESE TREATMENT APPROACHES RANGE FROM PREVENTION FOR AT-RISK INDIVIDUALS, TO EARLY INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR PRODROMAL AND NEWLY DIAGNOSED INDIVIDUALS, COMPLEX COMBINATION THERAPY FOR RAPIDLY RECURRENT ILLNESS, AND PALLIATIVE-TYPE APPROACHES FOR THOSE AT CHRONIC, LATE STAGES OF ILLNESS. THERE IS HOPE THAT PROMPT INITIATION OF POTENTIALLY DISEASE MODIFYING THERAPIES MAY PRECLUDE OR ATTENUATE THE COGNITIVE AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES SEEN IN THE LATER STAGES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER. THE AIMS OF THIS PAPER ARE TO: A) EXPLORE THE CURRENT LEVEL OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE DESCRIPTIVE STAGING OF THE SYNDROMAL PATTERN OF BIPOLAR DISORDER; B) DESCRIBE PRELIMINARY ATTEMPTS AT VALIDATION; C) MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DIRECTION OF FURTHER STUDIES; AND D) PROVIDE A DISTILLATION OF THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF STAGING IN BIPOLAR DISORDER WITHIN A BROADER TRANSDIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORK.	2017	

16  1151  28 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	
          
17  4622  14 NEUROBIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. NEUROBIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MAY BE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DELETERIOUS IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, AND THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN HAS BEEN WELL-DOCUMENTED. THE CURRENT REVIEW ADDRESSES THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTERPERSONAL TRAUMA IN CHILDHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, EMOTION REGULATION, AND DISSOCIATION/INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS. SUBSEQUENT RISK FOR PTSD AND DEPRESSION IS ALSO DISCUSSED. THE PATHWAY OF RISK FROM CHILDHOOD TRAUMA TO THESE COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, AND PSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES IS ADDRESSED IN TERMS OF POTENTIAL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND AMYGDALA RESULTING FROM CHRONIC OR REPEATED ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS AND ITS INTERACTION WITH AND INFLUENCE ON GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES DURING SENSITIVE PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE ARE DISCUSSED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18  5580  22 ROLE OF NEUROTOXICANTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST CONSPICUOUS CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE SYNDROME, WHICH HAS BECOME A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE FOR THE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. MULTIPLE STUDIES HAVE CORROBORATED A CLEAR ASSOCIATION OF NEUROTOXICANTS WITH AD PATHOGENICITY, SUCH AS AMYLOID BETA (ABETA) PROTEINS AND NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES (NFTS), SIGNALLING PATHWAY MODIFICATIONS, CELLULAR STRESS, COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS, NEURONAL APOPTOSIS, NEUROINFLAMMATION, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, AND SO ON. THIS REVIEW, THEREFORE, AIMED TO ADDRESS SEVERAL ESSENTIAL MECHANISMS AND SIGNALLING CASCADES, INCLUDING WNT (WINGLESS AND INT.) SIGNALLING PATHWAY, AUTOPHAGY, MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR), PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) SIGNALLING CASCADES, CELLULAR REDOX STATUS, ENERGY METABOLISM, GLUTAMATERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSIONS, IMMUNE CELL STIMULATIONS (E.G. MICROGLIA, ASTROCYTES) AS WELL AS AN AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP), PRESENILIN-1 (PSEN1), PRESENILIN-2 (PSEN2) AND OTHER AD-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS THAT HAVE BEEN PRETENTIOUS AND MODULATED BY THE VARIOUS NEUROTOXICANTS. THIS REVIEW CONCLUDED THAT NEUROTOXICANTS PLAY A MOMENTOUS ROLE IN DEVELOPING AD THROUGH MODULATING VARIOUS SIGNALLING CASCADES. NEVERTHELESS, COMPREHENSION OF THIS RISK AGENT-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IS FAR TOO LITTLE. MORE IN-DEPTH EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS ARE NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BETTER TO ADDRESS THESE NEUROTOXICANTS AND IMPROVE APPROACHES TO THEIR RISK EXPOSURE THAT AID IN AD PATHOGENESIS.KEY MESSAGESINEVITABLE CASCADE MECHANISMS OF HOW ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-RELATED (AD-RELATED) GENE EXPRESSIONS ARE MODULATED BY NEUROTOXICANTS HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED.INVOLVEMENT OF THE NEUROTOXICANTS-INDUCED PATHWAYS CAUSED AN EXTENDED RISK OF AD IS EXPLICITED.INTEGRATION OF CELL CULTURE, ANIMALS AND POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS ON THE CLINICAL SEVERITY OF AD IS ADDRESSED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  6893  22 [SLEEP AND DEMENTIA]. AGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN SLEEP STRUCTURE AND CEREBRAL DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID BETA AND TAU PROTEINS. SLEEP DISTURBANCES PRECEDE THE ONSET OF DEMENTIA BY YEARS. COMORBID SLEEP DISORDERS, SUCH AS INSOMNIA AND SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING, A FAMILY HISTORY OF DEMENTIA AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMENTIA. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE QUESTION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SLEEP AND DEMENTIA BASED ON THE EXISTING LITERATURE. ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY SLOW WAVE SLEEP LEAD TO CHANGES IN THE GLYMPHATIC CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID BETA, TAU PROTEINS AND OTHER PROTEINS. TRANSIENT AND CHRONIC SLEEP DISORDERS CAUSE DISTURBANCES IN THE BRAIN AREAS RESPONSIBLE FOR COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR. SLEEP-REGULATING BRAIN AREAS ARE THE FIRST TO BE AFFECTED IN THE NEURODEGENERATIVE PROCESS AND ACCELERATE THE RISK OF DEMENTIA. CIRCADIAN AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN AMYLOID BETA AND TAU PROTEINS AFFECT THE AMOUNT AND DEPTH OF SLEEP AND VICE VERSA. AMYLOID BETA IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHOWS AN INVERSE CORRELATION WITH SLEEP. OREXINS MODULATE AMYLOID BETA AND SLEEP.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20  3630  23 INCLUSION OF SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH TO ADVANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) CONSIDER SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH DISPARITIES IN PATIENTS AND POPULATIONS. THE MOST COMMON HEALTH-RELATED SDOH EXPOSURES ARE FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY, FINANCIAL INSTABILITY, TRANSPORTATION NEEDS, LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS. THESE DOMAINS DESCRIBE RISKS THAT CAN IMPACT HEALTH OUTCOMES MORE THAN HEALTH CARE. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT SDOH FACTORS REPRESENT EXPOSURES THAT PREDICT HARM AND IMPACT THE HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL GUIDELINES URGE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TO ADDRESS SDOH IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS INTO BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, HOWEVER, IS LAGGING. HEREIN, WE CONSIDER A PRECISION HEALTH FRAMEWORK TO DESCRIBE HOW SDOH CONTRIBUTES TO THE EXPOSOME AND EXACERBATES PHYSIOLOGIC PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASE. SDOH FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF STRESSORS THAT IMPACT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THROUGH EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND REDOX REGULATION. MANY SDOH EXPOSURES MAY ADD TO OR POTENTIATE THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. THIS OVERVIEW AIMS TO INFORM BASIC LIFE SCIENCE AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHERS ABOUT SDOH EXPOSURES THAT CAN CONFOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLASSIC BIOMEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. TO ADVANCE THE STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY THROUGH EITHER QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURES TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, A MORE COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SHOULD INCLUDE SDOH EXPOSURES. WE DISCUSS COMMON APPROACHES TO MEASURE SDOH FACTORS AT INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION LEVELS AND REVIEW THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SDOH RISK FACTORS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS THAT INFLUENCE CHRONIC DISEASE. WE PROVIDE CLINICAL AND POLICY-BASED MOTIVATION TO ENCOURAGE RESEARCHERS TO CONSIDER THE IMPACT OF SDOH EXPOSURES ON STUDY RESULTS AND DATA INTERPRETATION. WITH VALID MEASURES OF SDOH FACTORS INCORPORATED INTO STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSES, FUTURE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN EVIDENCE BASE THAT CAN BETTER INFORM PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS, TO IMPROVE EQUITABLE CLINICAL CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH. (C) 2022 WILEY PERIODICALS LLC.	2022