1  5046 200 PHARMACOLOGICAL AND DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT THERAPIES FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. THE PROGRESSION AND EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) ARE INTIMATELY ASSOCIATED WITH TOBACCO SMOKE/BIOMASS FUEL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE AND ALDEHYDE/CARBONYL STRESS. ALTERATIONS IN REDOX SIGNALING PROINFLAMMATORY KINASES AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, STEROID RESISTANCE, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, MUCUS HYPERSECRETION, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, AUTOPHAGY/APOPTOSIS, EPIGENETIC CHANGES, CELLULAR SENESCENCE/AGING, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, AUTOIMMUNITY, AND SKELETAL MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION ARE SOME OF THE PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARKS OF COPD. IN LIGHT OF THE ABOVE IT WOULD BE PRUDENT TO TARGET SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL OXIDATIVE STRESS WITH AGENTS THAT CAN MODULATE THE ANTIOXIDANTS/ REDOX SYSTEM OR BY BOOSTING THE ENDOGENOUS LEVELS OF ANTIOXIDANTS FOR THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COPD. IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS, SUCH AS THIOL MOLECULES (GLUTATHIONE AND MUCOLYTIC DRUGS, SUCH AS N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE, N-ACYSTELYN, ERDOSTEINE, FUDOSTEINE, ERGOTHIONEINE, AND CARBOCYSTEINE LYSINE SALT), DIETARY NATURAL PRODUCT-DERIVED POLYPHENOLS AND OTHER COMPOUNDS (CURCUMIN, RESVERATROL, GREEN TEA CATECHINS, QUERCETIN SULFORAPHANE, LYCOPENE, ACAI, ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID, TOCOTRIENOLS, AND APOCYNIN) HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO MODULATE VARIOUS BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF COPD. VARIOUS RESEARCHES AND CLINICAL TRIALS HAVE REVEALED THAT THESE ANTIOXIDANTS CAN DETOXIFY FREE RADICALS AND OXIDANTS, CONTROL EXPRESSION OF REDOX AND GLUTATHIONE BIOSYNTHESIS GENES, CHROMATIN REMODELING, AND ULTIMATELY INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION. IN ADDITION, MODULATION OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RELATED CELLULAR CHANGES HAVE ALSO BEEN REPORTED TO BE EFFECTED BY SYNTHETIC MOLECULES. THIS INCLUDES SPECIFIC SPIN TRAPS LIKE ALPHA-PHENYL-N-TERT-BUTYL NITRONE, A CATALYTIC ANTIOXIDANT (ECSOD MIMETIC), PORPHYRINS (AEOL 10150 AND AEOL 10113), AND A SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MIMETIC M40419, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PROTEIN CARBONYLATION BLOCKERS/INHIBITORS, SUCH AS EDARAVONE AND LAZAROIDS/TIRILAZAD, MYELOPEROXIDASE INHIBITORS, AS WELL AS SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS/INFLAMMATORY RESOLVING LIPID MEDIATORS, OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS, VITAMIN D, AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE. ACCORDING TO VARIOUS STUDIES IT APPEARS THAT THE ADMINISTRATION OF MULTIPLE ANTIOXIDANTS COULD BE A MORE EFFECTIVE MODE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF COPD. IN THIS REVIEW, VARIOUS PHARMACOLOGICAL AND DIETARY APPROACHES TO ENHANCE LUNG ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANT THERAPEUTICS IN TREATING OR INTERVENING THE PROGRESSION OF COPD HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED.	2013	
                                                                                                                           
2  1940  34 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. THE INCIDENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) SHOWS MARKED VARIATION WORLDWIDE BUT THE MAGNITUDE OF THIS TUMOR IS REFLECTED BY THE OCCURRENCE OF AT LEAST 1 MILLION NEW CASES ANNUALLY AND THE UNIFORMLY DISMAL OUTLOOK WITH MEDIAN SURVIVALS OF <25 MONTHS AFTER RESECTION AND <6 MONTHS WITH SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT. THE STRIKINGLY UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF THIS TUMOR PARALLELS THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B INFECTION WITH RISING INCIDENCE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES ATTRIBUTED TO HEPATITIS C INFECTION. CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND CIRRHOSIS CONSTITUTE THE MAJOR PRENEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS IN THE MAJORITY OF HCCS AND MAY BE RELATED TO OTHER ETIOLOGIC AGENTS SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS INCLUDING NITRITES, HYDROCARBONS, SOLVENTS, ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES, AND THE CHEMICALS IN PROCESSED FOODS, CLEANING AGENTS, COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICALS, AS WELL AS PLANT TOXINS SUCH AS ANATOXINS PRODUCED BY FUNGI THAT CAUSE SPOILAGE OF GRAIN AND FOOD IN THE TROPICS. GENETIC DISEASES SUCH AS GENETIC HEMATOCHROMATOSIS, WILSON'S DISEASE, ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY, AND THE INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM INCLUDING HEREDITARY TYROSINEMIA AND HEPATIC PORPHYRIA, ARE KNOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH HCC. NUMEROUS GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND THE MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION ARE RECOGNIZED IN HCC AND IT IS LIKELY THAT THESE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES COMBINE WITH FACTORS INVOLVED IN CHRONIC HEPATOCYTE DESTRUCTION AND REGENERATION TO RESULT IN NEOPLASTIC GROWTH AND MULTIPLE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSETS OF HEPATOCELLULAR TUMORS.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3   449  24 APOCYNIN PREVENTS ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES OVEREXPRESSION INDUCED BY SUB-CHRONIC STRESS IN MICE. ANXIETY DISORDERS ARE COMMON MENTAL HEALTH DISEASES AFFECTING UP TO 7% OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD. STRESS IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS TO PROMOTE ANXIETY DISORDERS THROUGH MECHANISMS INVOLVING EPIGENETIC CHANGES. MOREOVER, ALTERATION IN REDOX BALANCE AND INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PRODUCTION HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN ANXIETY PATIENTS AND IN STRESSED-ANIMAL MODELS OF ANXIETY. HERE WE TESTED IF THE ADMINISTRATION OF APOCYNIN, A NATURAL ORIGIN ANTIOXIDANT, MAY PREVENT THE ANXIETY-LIKE PHENOTYPE AND REDUCTION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION INDUCED BY A SUBCHRONIC FORCED SWIMMING STRESS (FSS) PARADIGM. WE FOUND THAT APOCYNIN PREVENTED THE ENHANCED LATENCY TIME IN THE NOVELTY-SUPPRESSED FEEDING TEST, AND THE PRODUCTION OF MALONDIALDEHYDE INDUCED BY FSS. MOREOVER, APOCYNIN WAS ABLE TO BLOCK THE UPREGULATION OF P47PHOX, A KEY SUBUNIT OF THE NADPH OXIDASE COMPLEX. FINALLY, APOCYNIN PREVENTED THE RISE OF HIPPOCAMPAL HDAC1, HDAC4 AND HDAC5, AND THE REDUCTION OF HISTONE-3 ACETYLATION LEVELS PROMOTED BY FSS EXPOSURE. IN CONCLUSION, OUR RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT APOCYNIN REDUCES THE DELETERIOUS EFFECT OF STRESS AND SUGGESTS THAT OXIDATIVE STRESS MAY REGULATE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  4396  36 MODULATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION BY QUERCETIN: THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON OBESITY. OBESITY HAS BECOME A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MOREOVER, OBESITY INDUCES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. QUERCETIN IS THE MAJOR REPRESENTATIVE OF THE FLAVONOID SUBCLASS OF FLAVONOLS, WHICH IS UBIQUITOUSLY CONTAINED WITHIN NATURAL PLANTS SUCH AS GREEN TEA, AND VEGETABLES, INCLUDING ONIONS AND APPLES. RESEARCHERS HAVE FOCUSED GREATER ATTENTION TO THE BENEFICIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF QUERCETIN, WHICH HAS ANTI-OXIDATIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. ALSO, THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN OBESITY. IN ADDITION, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT QUERCETIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITIES IN CANCER, AND IN MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCETIN, ITS DIETARY SOURCES IN OBESITY, AND ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, AND MATERNAL UNDER-NUTRITION WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5  6441  31 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: ESTABLISHED TARGETS AND DRUGS. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), AS A MULTISYSTEMIC DISEASE, IS THE MOST PREVALENT CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EXTREMELY COMPLEX PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS AND MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGY, WHICH OFTEN DEVELOPS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD INCLUDE DIET, OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS, INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS, OXIDATIVE/NITROSATIVE STRESS, AUTOPHAGY DYSREGULATION, HEPATIC INFLAMMATION, GUT-LIVER AXIS, GUT MICROBES, IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM AND REGULATION OF HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM. SOME OF THE NEW DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NAFLD ARE INTRODUCED HERE. ALL OF THEM ACHIEVE THERAPEUTIC OBJECTIVES BY INTERFERING WITH CERTAIN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS OF NAFLD, INCLUDING FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (FGF) ANALOGUES, PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPARS) AGONISTS, GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) AGONISTS, G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (GPCRS), SODIUM-GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER-2 INHIBITORS (SGLT-2I), FARNESOID X RECEPTOR (FXR), FATTY ACID SYNTHASE INHIBITOR (FASNI), ANTIOXIDANTS, ETC. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES SOME PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF NAFLD AND ESTABLISHED TARGETS AND DRUGS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6  5469  31 RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION AS A NOVEL CHEMOPREVENTIVE STRATEGY. ACUTE INFLAMMATION, A PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO PROTECT CELLS FROM MICROBIAL INFECTION AND OTHER NOXIOUS STIMULI, IS AUTOMATICALLY TERMINATED BY ENDOGENOUS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS TO RESTORE HOMEOSTATIC CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, IF TIMELY RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION IS FAILED, INFLAMMATION PERSISTS AND CAN PROGRESS TO A CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WHICH HAS LONG BEEN THOUGHT AS A PREDISPOSING FACTOR TO CARCINOGENESIS. EXCESSIVE AND PATHOLOGIC INFLAMMATION CAUSES DNA DAMAGE, GENOMIC INSTABILITY, EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION, AND ALTERATION OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING, ALL OF WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION. TO PREVENT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND RESULTING INFLAMMATION-PROMOTED CANCER DEVELOPMENT, UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS THAT RESOLVES INFLAMMATION IS ESSENTIAL. RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION IS AN ACTIVE COORDINATED PROCESS REGULATED BY DISTINCT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND PRO-RESOLVING ENDOGENOUS LIPID MEDIATORS, SUCH AS RESOLVINS AND LIPOXINS. THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING IN CARCINOGENESIS HAS BECOME MORE AND MORE EVIDENT AND WELL CHARACTERIZED, BUT THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS IN CANCER PREVENTION REMAINS STILL ELUSIVE. IN SEARCHING FOR AN EFFICACIOUS WAY TO PREVENT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED CANCER, THE PRO-RESOLVING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS AND THEIR REGULATORS SHOULD BE UNRAVELED.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7  4598  37 NATURAL PRODUCTS: THE ROLE AND MECHANISM IN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN OXIDATION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY, METABOLIC, AND EPIGENETIC DISEASE, WHICH LEADS TO THE LIFE-THREATENING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. EMERGING STUDIES FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) OXIDATION IN THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THIS ARTICLE HEREBY REVIEWS OXIDATION MECHANISM OF LDL, AND THE PRO-ATHEROGENIC AND BIOMARKER ROLE OF OXIDIZED LDL IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. WE ALSO REVIEW THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SEVERAL REPRESENTATIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (VITAMIN E, RESVERATROL, QUERCETIN, PROBUCOL, TANSHINONE IIA, EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE, AND LYCOPENE) IN PROTECTING AGAINST LDL OXIDATION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH SUPPORTS THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THESE NATURAL PRODUCTS IN INHIBITING LDL OXIDATION AND PREVENTING ATHEROSCLEROSIS, BUT THE DATA ARE STILL CONTROVERSIAL. THIS MAY BE RELATED TO FACTORS SUCH AS THE POPULATION AND THE DOSAGE AND TIME OF TAKING NATURAL PRODUCTS INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT STUDIES. UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM OF LDL OXIDATION AND EFFECT OF OXIDIZED LDL HELP RESEARCHERS TO FIND NOVEL THERAPIES AGAINST ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
8  6290  34 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TOOLS IN VALIDATING HIGH HEALTH FOODS FOR CANCER CONTROL: BROCCOLI AS EXAMPLE. NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS REFLECTS GENE/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS, UTILISING HIGH-THROUGHPUT GENOMIC TOOLS IN NUTRITION RESEARCH. THE FIELD ALSO CONSIDERS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL GENOTYPES TO WELLNESS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE (NUTRIGENETICS), AND HOW SUCH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION MAY BE MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE DIETS. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH CONSUMPTION OF BRASSICACEOUS VEGETABLES, INCLUDING BROCCOLI, HAS REGULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CANCER RISK. BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN BROCCOLI INCLUDE GLUCOSINOLATES, PLANT PIGMENTS INCLUDING KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, LUTEIN AND CAROTENOIDS, VARIOUS VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. CANCER PREVENTION IS HYPOTHESISED TO ACT THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS INCLUDING MODULATION OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISING ENZYMES, NF-E2 P45-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED STRESS-RESPONSE MECHANISMS, AND PROTECTION AGAINST GENOMIC INSTABILITY. BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI EXTRACTS ALSO REGULATE THE PROGRESSION OF CANCER THROUGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS, EFFECTS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND MODULATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA. HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES WITH BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS, USING STANDARD BIOMARKER METHODOLOGIES, REVEAL PART OF A COMPLEX PICTURE. NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF VARIOUS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND/OR METABOLIC STRATIFICATION MAY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO FOODS OR DIETS. JOINTLY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF HUMAN EFFICACY, AND MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFER AND UPTAKE OF BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  4211  40 METFORMIN FOR CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTION, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, OSTEOPOROSIS, PERIODONTITIS, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME, NEURODEGENERATION, CANCER, INFLAMMATION AND SENESCENCE: WHAT IS NEXT? DIABETES IS ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERAL COMPLICATIONS. HIGHER PREVALENCE OF CANCERS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), OBESITY, OSTEOPOROSIS, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES HAS BEEN REPORTED AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES. METFORMIN IS THE OLDEST ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG AND CAN IMPROVE COEXISTING COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES. CLINICAL TRIALS AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES UNCOVERED THAT METFORMIN CAN REMARKABLY PREVENT OR ALLEVIATE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, OBESITY, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS), OSTEOPOROSIS, CANCER, PERIODONTITIS, NEURONAL DAMAGE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, INFLAMMATION, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD), TUBERCULOSIS, AND COVID-19. IN ADDITION, METFORMIN HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS AN ANTIAGING AGENT. NUMEROUS MECHANISMS WERE SHOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN. METFORMIN ACTIVATES THE LKB1/AMPK PATHWAY TO INTERACT WITH SEVERAL INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. THE DRUG MODIFIES THE BIOLOGIC FUNCTION OF NF-KAPPAB, PI3K/AKT/MTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1ALPHA, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, WNT/BETA-CATENIN, NRF2, JNK, AND OTHER MAJOR MOLECULES IN THE INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING NETWORK. IT ALSO REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF NONCODING RNAS. THEREBY, METFORMIN CAN REGULATE METABOLISM, GROWTH, PROLIFERATION, INFLAMMATION, TUMORIGENESIS, AND SENESCENCE. ADDITIONALLY, METFORMIN MODULATES IMMUNE RESPONSE, AUTOPHAGY, MITOPHAGY, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS, AND APOPTOSIS AND EXERTS EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. FURTHERMORE, METFORMIN PROTECTS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GENOMIC INSTABILITY, PRESERVES TELOMERE LENGTH, AND PREVENTS STEM CELL EXHAUSTION. IN THIS REVIEW, THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON EACH DISEASE WILL BE DISCUSSED USING THE RESULTS OF RECENT META-ANALYSES, CLINICAL TRIALS, AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES. THEREAFTER, IT WILL BE METICULOUSLY EXPLAINED HOW METFORMIN REPROGRAMS INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND ALTERS MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR INTERACTIONS TO MODIFY THE CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF SEVERAL DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10  2320  43 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND M2 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AS NEW POTENTIAL OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID TARGETS IN COLON INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. INTRODUCTION: IT HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY CLEAR THAT DIETARY HABITS MAY AFFECT THE RISK/PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC DISEASES WITH A PATHOGENIC INFLAMMATORY COMPONENT, SUCH AS COLORECTAL CANCER. CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARD THE ABILITY OF NUTRITIONAL AGENTS TO TARGET KEY MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THESE INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES. AREAS COVERED: OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) AND THEIR OXIDATIVE METABOLITES HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE INTEREST AS POSSIBLE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-CANCER AGENTS, ESPECIALLY IN AREAS SUCH AS THE LARGE BOWEL, WHERE THE INFLUENCE OF ORALLY INTRODUCED SUBSTANCES IS HIGH AND TUMORS SHOW DERANGED PUFA PATTERNS. ON THIS BASIS, WE HAVE ANALYZED PRE-CLINICAL FINDINGS THAT HAVE RECENTLY REVEALED NEW INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS TARGETED BY OMEGA-3 PUFA. EXPERT OPINION: THE FINDINGS ANALYZED HEREIN DEMONSTRATE THAT OMEGA-3 PUFA MAY EXERT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND ALTERING M2 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION DURING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. THESE MECHANISMS NEED TO BE BETTER EXPLORED IN THE LARGE BOWEL, AND FURTHER STUDIES COULD BETTER CLARIFY THEIR ROLE AND THE POTENTIAL OF DIETARY INTERVENTIONS WITH OMEGA-3 PUFA IN THE LARGE BOWEL. THE EPIGENOMIC MECHANISM IS DISCUSSED IN VIEW OF THE POTENTIAL OF OMEGA-3 PUFA TO ENHANCE THE EFFICACY OF OTHER AGENTS USED IN THE THERAPY OF COLORECTAL CANCER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11  6669  37 URIC ACID IN METABOLIC SYNDROME: DOES URIC ACID HAVE A DEFINITIVE ROLE? INCREASED SERUM URIC ACID (SUA) LEVELS ARE COMMONLY SEEN IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ARE WIDELY ACCEPTED AS RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION, GOUT, NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. ALTHOUGH SOME AMBIGUITY FOR THE EXACT ROLE OF URIC ACID (UA) IN THESE DISEASES IS STILL PRESENT, SEVERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED SUCH AS INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND APOPTOSIS. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE IN GENOMICS ENLIGHTENS GENETIC VARIABILITIES AND SOME EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO HYPERURICEMIA. HERE WE DISCUSS THE ROLE OF UA WITHIN METABOLISM AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA WHILE PROVIDING NEWFOUND EVIDENCE FOR THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN UA AND GUT MICROBIOTA AND VITAMIN D. INCREASED SUA LEVELS AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF LOWERING SUA LEVELS NEED TO BE ELUCIDATED MORE TO UNDERSTAND ITS COMPLICATED FUNCTION WITHIN DIFFERENT METABOLIC PATHWAYS AND SET OPTIMAL TARGET LEVELS FOR SUA FOR REDUCING RISKS FOR METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12  4136  46 MECHANISMS OF MANGANESE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY AND THE PURSUIT OF NEUROTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED LEVELS OF MANGANESE VIA OCCUPATIONAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS CAUSES A NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER KNOWN AS MANGANISM, RESEMBLING THE SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, SUCH AS MOTOR DEFICITS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED TO CHARACTERIZE MANGANESE'S NEUROTOXICITY MECHANISMS IN SEARCH OF EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INCLUDING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS TO TREAT MANGANESE TOXICITY. SEVERAL POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGETS OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AT THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED RECENTLY, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP MORE PRECISE AND EFFECTIVE GENE THERAPIES. THIS REVIEW UPDATES FINDINGS ON MANGANESE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY MECHANISMS ON INTRACELLULAR INSULTS SUCH AS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, EXCITOTOXICITY, AND MITOPHAGY, AS WELL AS TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSREGULATIONS INVOLVING YIN YANG 1, RE1-SILENCING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EB, AND NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 THAT COULD BE TARGETS OF MANGANESE NEUROTOXICITY THERAPIES. THIS REVIEW ALSO FEATURES INTRACELLULAR PROTEINS SUCH AS PTEN-INDUCIBLE KINASE 1, PARKIN, SIRTUINS, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT KINASE 2, AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MANGANESE-INDUCED DYSREGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY/MITOPHAGY. IN ADDITION, NEWER THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO TREAT MANGANESE'S NEUROTOXICITY INCLUDING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS MODULATING EXCITOTOXICITY, AUTOPHAGY, AND MITOPHAGY, WERE REVIEWED. TAKEN TOGETHER, IN-DEPTH MECHANISTIC KNOWLEDGE ACCOMPANIED BY ADVANCES IN GENE AND DRUG DELIVERY STRATEGIES WILL MAKE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AGAINST MANGANESE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  1852  38 ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES: THEIR CONSTITUENTS AND POTENTIAL LINKS TO ASTHMA. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: VAPING IS GAINING POPULARITY IN THE USA, PARTICULARLY AMONG TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS. WHILE E-CIGS ARE COMMONLY REPRESENTED AS SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO TOBACCO CIGARETTES, LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF THEIR SHORT- OR LONG-TERM USE, ESPECIALLY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRE-EXISTING RESPIRATORY DISEASES SUCH AS ASTHMA. FLAVORED E-CIG LIQUIDS (E-LIQUIDS) AND E-CIG AEROSOLS CONTAIN AIRWAY IRRITANTS AND TOXICANTS THAT HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND WORSENING OF LUNG DISEASES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE WILL SUMMARIZE EXISTING DATA ON POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMPONENTS PRESENT IN E-CIG AEROSOLS, SUCH AS PROPYLENE GLYCOL, VEGETABLE GLYCERIN, NICOTINE, AND FLAVORINGS, AND DISCUSS THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF ASTHMA. RECENT FINDINGS: RECENT SURVEY DATA INDICATE THAT ADOLESCENTS WITH ASTHMA HAD A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF CURRENT E-CIG USE (12.4%) COMPARED TO THEIR NON-ASTHMATICS PEERS (10.2%) AND CONVEYED POSITIVE BELIEFS ABOUT TOBACCO PRODUCTS, ESPECIALLY E-CIGS. SIMILARLY, A STUDY CONDUCTED AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM ONTARIO, CANADA, INDICATED A GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF E-CIG USE IN ASTHMATICS AS COMPARED TO THEIR NON-ASTHMATIC PEERS. AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT FLAVORINGS IS OFTEN CITED AS THE MAIN REASON AMONG YOUTH/ADOLESCENTS FOR TRYING E-CIGS OR SWITCHING FROM CIGARETTES TO E-CIGS. OCCUPATIONAL INHALATION OF SOME COMMON FOOD-SAFE FLAVORING AGENTS IS REPORTED TO CAUSE OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA AND WORSEN ASTHMATIC SYMPTOMS. MOREOVER, WORKPLACE INHALATION EXPOSURES TO THE FLAVORING AGENT DIACETYL HAVE CAUSED IRREVERSIBLE OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE IN HEALTHY WORKERS. ADDITIONALLY, RECENT STUDIES REPORT THAT THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL (PG) AND VEGETABLE GLYCERIN (VG), THE BASE CONSTITUENTS OF E-LIQUIDS, PRODUCES REACTIVE CARBONYLS, INCLUDING ACROLEIN, FORMALDEHYDE, AND ACETALDEHYDE, WHICH HAVE KNOWN RESPIRATORY TOXICITIES. FURTHERMORE, RECENT NICOTINE STUDIES IN RODENTS REVEAL THAT PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURES LEAD TO EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN THE OFFSPRING, ABNORMAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT, AND MULTIGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF ASTHMATIC-LIKE SYMPTOMS. COMPARISONS OF THE TOXICITY AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF E-CIGS AND CONVENTIONAL CIGARETTES OFTEN FOCUS ON TOXICANTS KNOWN TO BE PRESENT IN CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) (I.E., FORMALDEHYDE, NITROSAMINES, ETC.), AS WELL AS SMOKING-ASSOCIATED CLINICAL ENDPOINTS, SUCH AS CANCER, BRONCHITIS, AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). HOWEVER, THIS APPROACH DISREGARDS POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COMPONENTS UNIQUE TO FLAVORED E-CIGS, SUCH AS PG, VG, AND THE MANY DIFFERENT FLAVORING CHEMICALS, WHICH LIKELY INDUCE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS NOT USUALLY OBSERVED IN CIGARETTE SMOKERS.	2017	

14  5580  42 ROLE OF NEUROTOXICANTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST CONSPICUOUS CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE SYNDROME, WHICH HAS BECOME A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE FOR THE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. MULTIPLE STUDIES HAVE CORROBORATED A CLEAR ASSOCIATION OF NEUROTOXICANTS WITH AD PATHOGENICITY, SUCH AS AMYLOID BETA (ABETA) PROTEINS AND NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES (NFTS), SIGNALLING PATHWAY MODIFICATIONS, CELLULAR STRESS, COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS, NEURONAL APOPTOSIS, NEUROINFLAMMATION, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, AND SO ON. THIS REVIEW, THEREFORE, AIMED TO ADDRESS SEVERAL ESSENTIAL MECHANISMS AND SIGNALLING CASCADES, INCLUDING WNT (WINGLESS AND INT.) SIGNALLING PATHWAY, AUTOPHAGY, MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR), PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) SIGNALLING CASCADES, CELLULAR REDOX STATUS, ENERGY METABOLISM, GLUTAMATERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSIONS, IMMUNE CELL STIMULATIONS (E.G. MICROGLIA, ASTROCYTES) AS WELL AS AN AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP), PRESENILIN-1 (PSEN1), PRESENILIN-2 (PSEN2) AND OTHER AD-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS THAT HAVE BEEN PRETENTIOUS AND MODULATED BY THE VARIOUS NEUROTOXICANTS. THIS REVIEW CONCLUDED THAT NEUROTOXICANTS PLAY A MOMENTOUS ROLE IN DEVELOPING AD THROUGH MODULATING VARIOUS SIGNALLING CASCADES. NEVERTHELESS, COMPREHENSION OF THIS RISK AGENT-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IS FAR TOO LITTLE. MORE IN-DEPTH EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS ARE NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BETTER TO ADDRESS THESE NEUROTOXICANTS AND IMPROVE APPROACHES TO THEIR RISK EXPOSURE THAT AID IN AD PATHOGENESIS.KEY MESSAGESINEVITABLE CASCADE MECHANISMS OF HOW ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-RELATED (AD-RELATED) GENE EXPRESSIONS ARE MODULATED BY NEUROTOXICANTS HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED.INVOLVEMENT OF THE NEUROTOXICANTS-INDUCED PATHWAYS CAUSED AN EXTENDED RISK OF AD IS EXPLICITED.INTEGRATION OF CELL CULTURE, ANIMALS AND POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS ON THE CLINICAL SEVERITY OF AD IS ADDRESSED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15  4044  33 MACROPHAGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MODELS TO EVALUATE THE ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION OF DIETARY NATURAL COMPOUNDS. ANTIOXIDANT TESTING OF NATURAL PRODUCTS HAS ATTRACTED INCREASING INTEREST IN RECENT YEARS, MAINLY DUE TO THE FACT THAT AN ANTIOXIDANT-RICH DIET MIGHT PROVIDE HEALTH BENEFITS. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES ARE A MAJOR SOURCE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES, AND PEROXYNITRITE GENERATED THROUGH THE SO-CALLED RESPIRATORY BURST. CONSTITUTIVELY RELEASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, ESPECIALLY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, TRIGGERS NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB, AND ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 TRANSLOCATION LEADING TO THE OVER PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES IN MACROPHAGES. ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN THE LONG-LIVED TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES AND/OR MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES, TRIGGER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LEADING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES. NUTRACEUTICALS INCLUDING LIPID RAFT STRUCTURE DISRUPTION AGENT, CHOLESTEROL DEPLETION AGENT, FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB BLOCKER (ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS), GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AGONIST, AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AGONIST HAVE LONG BEEN USED TO INACTIVE MACROPHAGE. THE INHIBITION EFFECTS ON THE FORMATION OF NITRIC OXIDE, SUPEROXIDE, AND NITRITE PEROXIDE MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONALITIES. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE MODELS COULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL DIETS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A MULTIPLE TARGETS STRATEGY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  1397  28 DIET PHYTOCHEMICALS AND CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA CHEMOPREVENTION: A REVIEW. CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA, WHICH HAS OCCUPIED A PECULIAR PLACE AMONG WORLDWIDE POPULATIONS, IS COMMONLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONSIDERABLY INCREASING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES. CURRENTLY AVAILABLE MEDICAL PROCEDURES FAIL TO COMPLETELY AVOID CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT OR TO PREVENT MORTALITY. CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION, AS AN ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY, IS BEING CONSIDERED TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE AND BURDEN OF CANCERS THROUGH CHEMICAL AGENTS. DERIVED FROM DIETARY FOODS, PHYTOCHEMICALS HAVE BECOME SAFE AND RELIABLE COMPOUNDS FOR THE CHEMOPREVENTION OF CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA BY RELIEVING MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, EPIGENETIC ALTERATION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, ANGIOGENESIS, ETC. IN THIS REVIEW, WE PRESENTED COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGES, MAIN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FOR THE INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA AS WELL AS EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DIET PHYTOCHEMICALS ON CHEMOPREVENTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  4652  30 NEUROPROTECTION WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS IN THE CONTEXT OF BRAIN CELL DEGENERATION: THE EPIGENETIC CONNECTION. BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS PRESENT IN SELECTED PLANTS ARE KNOWN TO PROVIDE THE FIRST LINE OF BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN PARTICULAR, SOLUBLE VITAMIN C, E, CAROTENOIDS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS HAVE DEMONSTRATED CRUCIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN CELLS AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, PREVENTING PREVALENT CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE REPORTED WIDE RANGE OF EFFECTS THAT INCLUDED ANTI-AGING, ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY WERE STUDIED AGAINST DEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES OF THE BRAIN. VITAMINS AND DIFFERENT PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS THAT PREVENT NEURODEGENERATION. IN ORDER TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES IN FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS AGAINST NEURODEGENERATION, THE PRESENT PAPER AIMS TO SHOW A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AT CHEMICAL AND CELLULAR LEVELS. THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AVAILABLE AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC POINT OF VIEW ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  4786  32 NUTRITION AND HEALTH DURING MID-LIFE: SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS AND MEETING CHALLENGES FOR THE AGING POPULATION. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENETIC (GENOME) AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (EPIGENOME) OPERATE DURING A PERSON'S ENTIRE LIFESPAN. THE AGING PROCESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERAL CELLULAR AND ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS THAT, AT THE END, CAUSE MULTI-ORGANIC CELL FAILURE. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF AGING ARE MODIFIABLE BY APPROPRIATE PREVENTIVE ACTIONS MEDIATED BY SIRTUINS, CALORIC INPUT, DIET COMPONENTS, ADIPOSE TISSUE-RELATED INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. THE MEDITERRANEAN LIFESTYLE HAS BEEN FOR MANY MILLENNIA A DAILY HABIT FOR PEOPLE IN WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS LIVING AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA WHO WORKED INTENSIVELY AND SURVIVED WITH VERY FEW SEASONAL FOODS. A HIGH ADHERENCE TO THE TRADITIONAL MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW MORTALITY (HIGHER LONGEVITY) AND REDUCED RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME, DEPRESSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. REPORTS INDICATE THAT SOME DIETARY COMPONENTS, SUCH AS OLIVE OIL, ANTIOXIDANTS, OMEGA-3 AND -6 POLYUNSATURATED ACIDS, POLYPHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS, MEDIATE BENEFICIAL ANTI-AGING EFFECTS (ANTI-CHRONIC DISEASES AND INCREASED LONGEVITY). EQUALLY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DISPLAYS A POSITIVE EFFECT, PRODUCING CALORIC CONSUMPTION AND REGULATION OF ADIPOSE AND PANCREATIC FUNCTION. THE PREDICTIVE STRENGTH OF SOME FOOD PATTERNS MAY BE A WAY OF DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOOD AND HEALTH POLICIES. THIS PAPER WILL DISCUSS SEVERAL WAYS OF IMPROVING HEALTH DURING MID-LIFE, FOCUSING ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND HEALTHY HABITS WHICH MAY REDUCE OR PREVENT AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  4110  36 MECHANISMS BY WHICH PLEIOTROPIC AMPHIPHILIC N-3 PUFA REDUCE COLON CANCER RISK. COLORECTAL CANCER IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF CANCER-RELATED MORTALITY IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN WORLDWIDE. GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DIET ARE PRIMARY DETERMINANTS OF CANCER RISK AND TUMOR BEHAVIOR. EXPERIMENTAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, AND CLINICAL DATA SUBSTANTIATE THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) IN PREVENTING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND COLON CANCER. FROM A MECHANISTIC PERSPECTIVE, N-3 PUFA ARE PLEIOTROPIC AND MULTIFACETED WITH RESPECT TO THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ACTION. FOR EXAMPLE, THIS CLASS OF DIETARY LIPID UNIQUELY ALTERS MEMBRANE STRUCTURE/ CYTOSKELETAL FUNCTION, IMPACTING MEMBRANE RECEPTOR FUNCTION AND DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING CASCADES, INCLUDING GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND CELL PHENOTYPE. IN ADDITION, N-3 PUFA CAN SYNERGIZE WITH OTHER POTENTIAL ANTI-TUMOR AGENTS, SUCH AS FERMENTABLE FIBER AND CURCUMIN. WITH THE RISING PREVALENCE OF DIET-INDUCED OBESITY, THERE IS ALSO AN URGENT NEED TO ELUCIDATE THE LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND COLON CANCER RISK IN OBESITY. IN THIS REVIEW, WE WILL SUMMARIZE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS LINKING N-3 PUFA INTAKE, MEMBRANE ALTERATIONS, EPIGENETIC MODULATION, AND EFFECTS ON OBESITY-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER RISK.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20   616  47 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES: TARGETING THE NRF2/ARE SIGNALING PATHWAY AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. OXIDATIVE STRESS IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION OCCURRING DUE TO AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEMS IN THE BODY. NUCLEAR FACTOR E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2), ENCODED BY THE GENE NFE2L2, IS THE MASTER REGULATOR OF PHASE II ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES THAT PROTECT AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. NRF2/ARE SIGNALING HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS A PROMISING TARGET AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES LIKE DIABETES, FIBROSIS, NEUROTOXICITY, AND CANCER. THE CONSUMPTION OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ACTS AS AN EFFECTIVE MODULATOR OF NRF2/ARE IN VARIOUS ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF NRF2 IN DIABETES, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD), CANCER, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE DISCUSSED THE PHYTOCHEMICALS LIKE CURCUMIN, QUERCETIN, RESVERATROL, EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE, APIGENIN, SULFORAPHANE, AND URSOLIC ACID THAT HAVE EFFECTIVELY MODIFIED NRF2 SIGNALING AND PREVENTED VARIOUS DISEASES IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS. BASED ON THE LITERATURE, IT IS CLEAR THAT DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS CAN PREVENT DISEASES BY (1) BLOCKING OXIDATIVE STRESS-INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS THROUGH INHIBITING KEAP1 OR ACTIVATING NRF2 EXPRESSION AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS IN THE NUCLEUS, INCLUDING HO-1, SOD, AND CAT; (2) REGULATING NRF2 SIGNALING BY VARIOUS KINASES LIKE GSK3BETA, PI3/AKT, AND MAPK; AND (3) MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MODULATION, SUCH AS METHYLATION, AT THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION; HOWEVER, FURTHER INVESTIGATION INTO OTHER UPSTREAM SIGNALING MOLECULES LIKE NRF2 AND THE EFFECT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON THEM STILL NEED TO BE INVESTIGATED IN THE NEAR FUTURE.	2021