1  1189 139 CORRELATION BETWEEN GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND SERUM C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL MODIFIED BY MTHFR POLYMORPHISM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER TUMOR INCIDENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC ALTERATIONS. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN INFLAMMATION MARKER, C-REACTIVE-PROTEIN (CRP), AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. METHODS: THE SUBJECTS WERE 384 HEALTHY JAPANESE WOMEN ENROLLED AS THE CONTROL GROUP OF A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FOR BREAST CANCER CONDUCTED FROM 2001 TO 2005. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED BY LUMINOMETRIC METHYLATION ASSAY (LUMA). RESULTS: WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR LIFESTYLE-RELATED FACTORS, INCLUDING FOLATE INTAKE, THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES WAS SIGNIFICANTLY BUT WEAKLY INCREASED BY 0.43% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP (P FOR TREND = 0.010). ESTIMATED METHYLATION LEVELS STRATIFIED BY CRP QUARTILE WERE 70.0%, 70.8%, 71.4%, AND 71.3%, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, INTERACTION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISM OF MTHFR (RS1801133, KNOWN AS C677T) AND CRP WAS SIGNIFICANT (P FOR INTERACTION = 0.046); THE GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY 0.61% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP IN THE CT/TT GROUP (THOSE WITH THE MINOR ALLELE T, P FOR TREND = 0.001), WHEREAS NO ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED IN THE CC GROUP (WILD TYPE). CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT CRP CONCENTRATION IS WEAKLY ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. HOWEVER, THIS ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED MORE CLEARLY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE MINOR ALLELE OF THE MTHFR MISSENSE SNP RS1801133. BY ELUCIDATING THE COMPLEX MECHANISM OF THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION BY BOTH ACQUIRED AND GENETIC FACTORS, OUR RESULTS MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR CANCER PREVENTION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  5700  44 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN DNMT3B PROMOTER AND THE RISK FOR IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN CHINESE POPULATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO AUTOIMMUNITY. DNA METHYLATION IS MEDIATED BY A FAMILY OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES. POLYMORPHISMS OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) GENE MAY INFLUENCE DNMT3B ACTIVITY ON DNA METHYLATION, THEREBY MODULATING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOME DISEASES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) IN PROMOTER OF THE DNMT3B GENE AND THE RISK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP). METHODS: IN THIS HOSPITAL-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, THE DNMT3B SNP WAS GENOTYPED IN 201 PATIENTS WITH ITP AND 136 HEALTHY CONTROLS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM. RESULTS: THE C/C GENOTYPE WAS NOT DETECTED IN BOTH THE PATIENTS WITH ITP AND THE CONTROLS. IN THE CONTROLS, THE FREQUENCIES OF T/T AND C/T GENOTYPES AND T AND C ALLELES WERE 97.8%, 2.2%, 98.9%, AND 1.1%, RESPECTIVELY. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN GENOTYPE AND ALLELE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE PATIENTS WITH ITP AND THE CONTROLS (P = 0.745 AND 0.747, RESPECTIVELY). NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN GENOTYPE AND ALLELE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS WHEN STRATIFIED BY THE AGE. THE SIMILAR RESULTS WERE SHOWN AMONG THE FOUR GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH ITP: ACUTE CHILDHOOD, CHRONIC CHILDHOOD, ACUTE ADULT, AND CHRONIC ADULT. CONCLUSION: THIS POLYMORPHISM WAS DISTRIBUTED SIMILARLY BETWEEN THE PATIENTS WITH ITP AND THE CONTROLS. IT DEMONSTRATED THAT IT MAY NOT BE USED AS A STRATIFICATION MARKER TO PREDICT THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ITP, AT LEAST IN THE POPULATION OF NORTH CHINA.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  5118  44 POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GERMLINE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND PSORIASIS RISK IN A TURKISH POPULATION. BACKGROUND: PSORIASIS IS A COMMON CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE CAUSED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. THERE ARE CONFLICTING RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE ABOUT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PSORIASIS AND THE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE (MTHFR), RANGING FROM STRONG LINKAGE TO NO ASSOCIATION. AIM: TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE GERMLINE MTHFR POLYMORPHISMS C677T AND A1298C WITH PSORIASIS RISK IN A TURKISH POPULATION. METHODS: THE STUDY ENROLLED 84 PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS AND 212 HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS) WITHOUT ANY HISTORY OF PSORIASIS. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES OF PATIENTS AND HCS, AND REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED FOR GENOTYPING. RESULTS WERE COMPARED BY PEARSON CHI(2) TEST AND MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS. RESULTS: THE FREQUENCY OF BOTH THE MTHFR 677TT AND A1298C (HOMOZYGOUS) GENOTYPES WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HCS. POINT MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN ALL PATIENTS WITH EARLY-ONSET PSORIASIS (BEFORE THE AGE OF 20 YEARS). THE T ALLELE OF MTHFR 677 AND THE C ALLELE OF MTHFR 1298 INCREASED PSORIASIS RISK BY 12.4- AND 17.0-FOLD, RESPECTIVELY, IN PATIENTS COMPARED WITH HCS. CONCLUSION: A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION WAS DETECTED BETWEENGERMLINE MTHFR 677 C>T AND 1298 A>C GENOTYPES AND PSORIASIS RISK IN A TURKISH POPULATION. THESE RESULTS NEED TO BE CONFIRMED IN FURTHER STUDIES WITH LARGER SAMPLE SIZES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4  4184  33 META-PREDICTION OF MTHFR GENE POLYMORPHISM-MUTATIONS, AIR POLLUTION, AND RISKS OF LEUKEMIA AMONG WORLD POPULATIONS. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (MTHFR) POLYMORPHISMS AND THE RISK OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LEUKEMIAS ACROSS THE LIFESPANS OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS BY USING THE META-PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES. THE SECONDARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO EXAMINE THE INTERACTIONS AMONG EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS (INCLUDING AIR POLLUTION), MTHFR POLYMORPHISMS, AND THE RISKS OF DEVELOPING LEUKEMIA. WE COMPLETED A COMPREHENSIVE SEARCH OF 6 DATABASES TO FIND 54 STUDIES (10,033 LEUKEMIA CASES AND 15,835 CONTROLS) FOR MTHFR 677, AND 43 STUDIES (8,868 CASES AND 14,301 CONTROLS) FOR MTHFR 1298, PUBLISHED FROM 1999 TO 2014. THE RESULTS REVEALED THAT, IN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; CHILDHOOD POPULATIONS; CHILDREN FROM EUROPE, EAST ASIA, AND AMERICA; AND CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL), MTHFR 677 POLYMORPHISMS (BOTH TT AND CT TYPES TOGETHER AND INDIVIDUALLY) ARE PROTECTIVE, WHILE CC WILDTYPE WAS LEUKEMOGENIC. IN ADDITION, MTHFR 1298 POLYMORPHISMS WERE PROTECTIVE AGAINST ALL AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN EUROPEAN CHILDREN, AND IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN ALL ADULTS WORLDWIDE AND AMERICAN ADULTS. AIR POLLUTION PLAYED A ROLE IN THE INCREASED POLYMORPHISMS OF MTHFR 677 GENOTYPES IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5  6250  44 THE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE 677C>T GENE POLYMORPHISM IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS. BACKGROUND: METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (MTHFR) IS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF METHYL DONORS, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO DNA METHYLATION. DNA METHYLATION IS AN ESSENTIAL EPIGENETIC FEATURE PLAYING A CRITICAL ROLE IN GENE REGULATION AND CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION. IN ADDITION, MTHFR ACTIVITY AFFECTS PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS. A FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM IN THE MTHFR GENE (677C>T, RS1801133) LEADING TO REDUCED ENZYME ACTIVITY HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS IN A CHINESE POPULATION. THIS FINDING, HOWEVER, HAS NOT YET BEEN EITHER CONFIRMED OR REFUTED IN OTHER POPULATIONS. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE A HYPOTHESIZED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE MTHFR 677C>T POLYMORPHISM AND THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS IN A CAUCASIAN POPULATION. METHODS: GENOTYPES FOR THE MTHFR 677C>T POLYMORPHISM WERE DETERMINED IN 310 PATIENTS AND 247 CONTROL SUBJECTS. IN A SUBGROUP OF 33 PATIENTS AND 33 SEX- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROL SUBJECTS, FASTING PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS WERE DETERMINED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSAYS WERE USED FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FOLATE AND VITAMIN B(12). RESULTS: PREVALENCE OF THE HOMOZYGOUS MTHFR 677TT GENOTYPE DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFER BETWEEN PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (15.2% VS 11.7%, P = 0.24). MEAN PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS THAN AMONG CONTROL SUBJECTS (13.5 +/- 5.3 MICROMOL/L VS 11.0 +/- 2.2 MICROMOL/L, P = 0.026). NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EITHER MEAN PLASMA FOLATE OR VITAMIN B(12) CONCENTRATIONS WERE OBSERVED BETWEEN BOTH GROUPS. CONCLUSION: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE MTHFR 677C>T GENE POLYMORPHISM IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS AMONG CAUCASIANS.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  2766  47 EXPRESSION, POLYMORPHISM AND METHYLATION PATTERN OF INTERLEUKIN-6 IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES. PERIODONTITIS IS CONSIDERED AN INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY THAT RESULTS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE DESTRUCTION, AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS, HOST AND IMMUNE RESPONSE. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY MODULATE THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE SINCE IT IS ABLE TO INFLUENCE THE GENE EXPRESSION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF -174 G/C POLYMORPHISM AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF IL-6 GENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IN GINGIVAL SAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. GINGIVAL BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM 21 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND 21 CONTROLS. HISTOLOGIC SECTIONS STAINED BY HEMATOXYLIN-EOSIN WERE USED FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION. THE IL-6 GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. THE POLYMORPHISM IL-6 -174 C/G WAS STUDIED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFICATION AND RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE DIGESTION (HSPII). METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS USED TO VERIFY THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN. THE NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN TISSUE FRAGMENTS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS WAS HIGHER THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP AND THE INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE WAS PREDOMINANTLY MONONUCLEAR. THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN THE GROUP WITH PERIODONTITIS. IN POLYMORPHISM ASSAY, NO STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENOTYPES AND ALLELES IN BOTH GROUPS WERE OBSERVED. THE MOST OF SAMPLES WERE PARTIALLY METHYLATED. NO DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN METHYLATION PATTERN FROM TWO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE IL-6 GENE AMONG GROUPS. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR RELATED TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS, BUT WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION STATUS OR THE -174 (G/C) GENETIC POLYMORPHISM, SUGGESTING THAT OTHER MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THIS GENE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  5904  37 T677T METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS INCREASED PREVALENCE IN A SUBGROUP OF INFERTILE PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS. BACKGROUND: APPROXIMATELY 10% (190 MILLION) OF WOMEN WORLDWIDE ARE AFFECTED BY ENDOMETRIOSIS, ECTOPIC DEPOSITS OF ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE THAT CREATE A MAJOR SOURCE OF PAIN THAT AFFECTS LIFESTYLE AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION. THE PATHOGENESIS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS IS AN ESTROGEN-DEPENDENT INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, INFLUENCED/CATALYZED BY OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CONSEQUENTLY DEFECTIVE METHYLATION, WITH BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES CENTERED AROUND THE FOLATE AND ONE-CARBON CYCLES. WE AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER A LINK COULD BE FOUND BETWEEN THE TWO MAJOR METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (MTHFR SNPS), C.677C>T AND C.1298A>C, INVOLVED IN METHYLATION PROCESS/EPIGENETIC MARKING FAILURES, AND ENDOMETRIOSIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: WE STUDIED A POPULATION OF 158 PATIENTS IN A GROUP OF >1500 REFERRED FOR TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY. ALL THE PATIENTS HAD EXPERIENCED >2 FAILED ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY CYCLES AND/OR >2 MISCARRIAGES, A CLASSICAL COHORT FOR INVESTIGATION IN OUR GROUP. PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS HAD AT LEAST STAGE 2+ DISEASE CONFIRMED BY LAPAROSCOPY. RESULTS: THE PREVALENCE OF THE HOMOZYGOUS C.677C>T ISOFORM IS DOUBLED IN THE ENDOMETRIOSIS GROUP, 21.5% VERSUS 10.2% IN THE NON-ENDOMETRIOSIS GROUP (P > 0.01). SYMMETRICALLY, THE PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS IN THE ENDOMETRIOSIS GROUP WITH THE WILD TYPE MTHFR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED BY ONE-HALF (8.2%-17.2%) IN THE NON-ENDOMETRIOSIS GROUP (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: DETERMINATION OF MTHFR C.677C>T SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED IN PATIENTS WITH HARMFUL ENDOMETRIOSIS AFFECTING THEIR FERTILITY. AS FOLATES METABOLISM IS IMPAIRED IN THESE MTHFR SNPS CARRIER PATIENTS, CO-TREATMENT WITH 5-METHYL FOLATE MAY CONSTITUTE A SUCCESSFUL (CO)-TREATMENT MODALITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8   325  46 ALLELE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF FKBP5 IS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. BACKGROUND: FK506-BINDING PROTEIN 5 (FKBP5) BINDS TO GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS AND MODULATES GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY. THE FKBP5 GENE HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DYSREGULATION OF HUMAN STRESS RESPONSES, CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK AND TREATMENT RESPONSE OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FKBP5 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) STATUS IN THE CONTEXT OF FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION (RS1360780 POLYMORPHISM) AMONG MALE VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. METHODS: KOREAN MALE VETERANS WHO SERVED ON ACTIVE DUTY DURING THE VIETNAM WAR WERE CATEGORIZED INTO 2 GROUPS: WITH PTSD (N = 123) AND WITHOUT PTSD (N = 116). THE GENOTYPE OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF TWO CPG SITES AT THE FKBP5 INTRON 7 REGION WERE ASSESSED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE MAIN AND INTERACTION EFFECTS OF PTSD STATUS AND FKBP5 GENOTYPE ON FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL, WITH AGE, TRAUMA LEVELS, AND ALCOHOL USE AS COVARIATES. RESULTS: A SIGNIFICANT MAIN EFFECT OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND PTSD AND AN INTERACTION EFFECT BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND PTSD STATUS WERE FOUND ON MEAN FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. THE T ALLELE OF RS1360780 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVEL. IN ADDITION, THE PTSD GROUP SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION THAN DID THE NON-PTSD GROUP AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE RISK T ALLELE (N = 96), WHILE NO GROUP DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED ON METHYLATION LEVELS AMONG VETERANS WITH THE CC GENOTYPE (N = 143). AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE T ALLELE, FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PTSD SYMPTOMS. CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATED DIFFERENT FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS IN PTSD DEPENDING ON FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION AMONG VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. THE PRESENT FINDING SUGGESTS THAT THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF FKBP5 IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PTSD. FURTHER LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH INVOLVING PEOPLE EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF FKBP5 IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOVERY OF PTSD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  2031  33 EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN LYMPHOCYTES OF SOLVENT-EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS. AIM: WE INVESTIGATED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN LYMPHOCYTES OF SOLVENT WORKERS AND CHRONIC TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE) PATIENTS AND EXPLORED POTENTIAL GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR GST. POPULATION & METHODS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS SET UP IN 41 REFERENTS, 128 SOLVENT WORKERS AND 23 CTE PATIENTS. RESULTS: WE FOUND A GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE SOLVENT-EXPOSED POPULATION COMPARED WITH THE REFERENTS (P = 0.001, R = -0.544). GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE. FURTHERMORE, GSTP1 GENOTYPIC POLYMORPHISM WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED (P = 0.033) WITH GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION, WHICH INDICATES A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE ETIOLOGY OF SOLVENT-INDUCED NEUROBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY INDICATES THAT SOLVENT-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS HAVE AN IMPACT ON NEUROTOXICITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CTE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10   718  41 CALCIUM-DEPENDENT INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL PATHWAYS IN PRIMARY CULTURED ADIPOCYTES AND ANK3 GENE VARIATION IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. BIPOLAR DISORDER (BD) IS A CHRONIC PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE AFFECTING >1% OF THE SWEDISH POPULATION. DESPITE PROGRESS, PATIENTS STILL SUFFER FROM CHRONIC MOOD SWITCHES WITH POTENTIAL SEVERE CONSEQUENCES. THUS, EARLY DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS AND INITIATION OF CORRECT TREATMENT ARE CRITICAL. CULTURED ADIPOCYTES FROM 35 PATIENTS WITH BD AND 38 HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE ANALYSED USING SIGNAL PATHWAY REPORTER ASSAYS, THAT IS, PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC), PROTEIN KINASE A (PKA), MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK) AND C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK)), MYC, WNT AND P53. THE LEVELS OF ACTIVATED TARGET TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTORS WERE MEASURED IN ADIPOCYTES BEFORE AND AFTER STIMULATION WITH LITHIUM AND ESCITALOPRAM. VARIATIONS WERE ANALYSED IN THE LOCI OF 25 DIFFERENT SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS). ACTIVATION OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALS IN SEVERAL PATHWAYS ANALYSED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN PATIENTS THAN IN HEALTHY CONTROLS UPON DRUG STIMULATION, ESPECIALLY WITH ESCITALOPRAM STIMULATION OF PKC, JNK AND MYC, AS WELL AS LITHIUM-STIMULATED PKC, WHEREAS NO MEANINGFUL DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED BEFORE STIMULATION. UNIVARIATE ANALYSES OF CONTINGENCY TABLES FOR 80 CATEGORICAL SNP RESULTS VERSUS DIAGNOSES SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT LINK WITH THE ANK3 GENE (RS10761482; LIKELIHOOD RATIO CHI(2)=4.63; P=0.031). IN A MULTIVARIATE ORDINAL LOGISTIC FIT FOR DIAGNOSIS, A BACKWARD STEPWISE PROCEDURE SELECTED ANK3 AS THE REMAINING SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR. COMPARISON OF THE ESCITALOPRAM-STIMULATED PKC ACTIVITY AND THE ANK3 GENOTYPE SHOWED THEM TO ADD THEIR SHARE OF THE DIAGNOSTIC VARIANCE, WITH NO INTERACTION (15% OF VARIANCE EXPLAINED, P<0.002). THE STUDY IS CROSS-SECTIONAL WITH NO LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP. COHORTS ARE RELATIVELY SMALL WITH NO MEDICATION-FREE PATIENTS, AND THERE ARE NO 'ILL PATIENT' CONTROLS. IT TAKES 3 TO 4 WEEKS OF CULTURE TO EXPAND ADIPOCYTES THAT MAY CHANGE EPIGENETIC PROFILES BUT REMOVE THE POSSIBILITY OF MEDICATION EFFECTS. ABNORMALITIES IN THE REACTIVITY OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL PATHWAYS TO STIMULATION AND THE ANK3 GENOTYPE MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOGENESIS OF BD. ALGORITHMS USING BIOLOGICAL PATTERNS SUCH AS PATHWAY REACTIVITY TOGETHER WITH STRUCTURAL GENETIC SNP DATA MAY PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLIER DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF BD.	2015	

11  5637  38 SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN SOUTHWESTERN IRANIAN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IS A COMMON CHRONIC FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY. SEROTONIN IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN SENSORY SIGNALING IN THE BRAIN-GUT AXIS, WHICH PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN INTESTINAL MOTILITY AND SECRETION. SEROTONIN CLEARANCE IS MEDIATED BY A SPECIFIC PROTEIN CALLED THE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE TRANSPORTER. TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVITY OF THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE IS AFFECTED BY SOME POLYMORPHISMS IN THIS GENE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. PATIENTS/MATERIAL AND METHODS: THE 5-HTTLPR, RS25531 AND STIN2VNTR POLYMORPHISMS OF THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE WERE ANALYZED BY PCR-BASED METHODS IN 50 PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME AND 100 HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER POLYMORPHISMS WERE SIMILAR IN PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN ALLELE OR GENOTYPE FREQUENCIES BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT POLYMORPHISMS IN THE GENE ENCODING FOR THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PREDISPOSING GENETIC FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, AND FURTHER GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESEARCH MAY PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THIS DISEASE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  2205  36 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE X CHROMOSOME INFLUENCES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. CONTEXT: THE CAUSE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS UNKNOWN, ALTHOUGH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ARE CLEARLY IMPLICATED. SOME GENETIC STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THE INVOLVEMENT OF X-LINKED GENES IN PCOS, BUT THE INFLUENCE OF X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION (XCI) ON MANIFESTATION OF THIS DISORDER HAS NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXAMINED. OBJECTIVE: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO TEST THE NULL HYPOTHESIS THAT XCI HAS NO INFLUENCE ON CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PCOS. DESIGN: WE EXAMINED PATTERNS OF XCI BETWEEN SISTER PAIRS WITH THE SAME GENOTYPE AT A POLYMORPHIC LOCUS ON THE X CHROMOSOME IN FAMILIES WITH PCOS. SETTING: THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AT A PRIVATE PRACTICE. PARTICIPANTS: PCOS WAS DEFINED AS HYPERANDROGENEMIA WITH CHRONIC ANOVULATION. FORTY FAMILIES WERE STUDIED IN WHICH DNA WAS OBTAINED FROM AT LEAST ONE PARENT, THE PROBAND, AND ONE SISTER THAT COULD BE ACCURATELY DIAGNOSED AS BEING AFFECTED OR UNAFFECTED. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF TWO X-LINKED ALLELES WAS DETERMINED, AND THE RATIO OF ONE TO THE OTHER REPRESENTED THE PATTERN OF XCI. RESULTS: THE STATISTICAL ODDS ON A DIFFERENT CLINICAL PRESENTATION BETWEEN SISTERS WAS APPROXIMATELY 29 TIMES HIGHER IN SISTER PAIRS WITH DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF XCI, COMPARED WITH SISTER PAIRS WITH THE SAME PATTERN OF XCI (ODDS RATIO 28.9; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 4.0-206; P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE TO REFUTE THE NULL HYPOTHESIS AND PROPOSE A CLOSER INSPECTION OF X-LINKED GENES IN PCOS, ONE IN WHICH BOTH GENOTYPE AND EPIGENOTYPE ARE CONSIDERED. ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF PCOS MAY ALTER CLINICAL PRESENTATION VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WHICH CURRENTLY REMAIN UNDETECTED IN TRADITIONAL GENETIC ANALYSES.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  5648  33 SEX DIFFERENCES IN OPIOID RESPONSE LINKED TO OPRM1 AND COMT GENES DNA METHYLATION/GENOTYPES CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN. ANALGESIC-RESPONSE VARIABILITY IN CHRONIC NONCANCER PAIN (CNCP) HAS BEEN REPORTED DUE TO SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EXPLORE SEX DIFFERENCES LINKED TO OPRM1 AND COMT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND GENETIC VARIANTS IN ANALGESIC RESPONSE. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY WITH 250 REAL-WORLD CNCP OUTPATIENTS WAS PERFORMED IN WHICH DATA FROM DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL VARIABLES WERE COLLECTED. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS (CPG ISLAND) WERE EVALUATED BY PYROSEQUENCING, AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH THE OPRM1 (A118G) AND COMT (G472A) GENE POLYMORPHISMS WAS STUDIED. A PRIORI-PLANNED STATISTICAL ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED TO COMPARE RESPONSES BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES. SEX-DIFFERENTIAL OPRM1 DNA METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED TO BE LINKED TO LOWER OPIOID USE DISORDER (OUD) CASES FOR FEMALES (P = 0.006). PATIENTS WITH LOWER OPRM1 DNA METHYLATION AND THE PRESENCE OF THE MUTANT G-ALLELE REDUCED OPIOID DOSE REQUIREMENTS (P = 0.001), EQUAL FOR BOTH SEXES. MOREOVER, COMT DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE NEGATIVELY RELATED TO PAIN RELIEF (P = 0.020), QUALITY OF LIFE (P = 0.046), AND SOME ADVERSE EVENTS (PROBABILITY > 90%) SUCH AS CONSTIPATION, INSOMNIA, OR NERVOUSNESS. FEMALES WERE, SIGNIFICANTLY, 5 YEARS OLDER WITH HIGH ANXIETY LEVELS AND A DIFFERENT SIDE-EFFECTS DISTRIBUTION THAN MALES. THE ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES RELATED TO OPRM1 SIGNALLING EFFICIENCY AND OUD, WITH A GENETIC-EPIGENETIC INTERACTION IN OPIOID REQUIREMENTS. THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE TO BE FACTORED INTO CHRONIC PAIN-MANAGEMENT STUDIES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14   517  34 ASSOCIATION STUDY OF FOXO3A SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN. ASTHMA IS THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC ILLNESS IN CHILDREN AND IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD HOSPITALIZATION AND SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM. ASTHMA PRESENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES DEPENDING ON AGE, GENDER, GENETIC BACKGROUND, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. FORKHEAD BOX O3 (FOXO3) IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF A NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES. THE STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SNP RS13217795 IN FOXO3 GENE AND PEDIATRIC ONSET ASTHMA IN THE EGYPTIAN POPULATION. NINETY ASTHMATICS AND 160 HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE SUBJECTED TO GENOTYPING OF FOXO3 SNP (RS13217795) USING THE PCR-RFLP METHOD. THE PROPORTION OF HOMOZYGOUS (CC) AND HETEROZYGOUS (CT) GENOTYPES WAS LOWER IN THE ASTHMATIC GROUP COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP BUT STATISTICALLY INSIGNIFICANT; P > 0.05. ON THE OTHER HAND THE PROPORTION OF THE MUTANT HOMOZYGOUS (TT) GENOTYPE IN ASTHMATIC GROUP WAS HIGHER; 30 (33.3%) THAN THE CONTROL GROUP; 28(17.5%), THE DIFFERENCE WAS SIGNIFICANT IN RECESSIVE MODEL OF DISEASE PENETRANCE WITH ODDS RATIO OR (95% CI) OF 2.4(1 - 5.49) AND P=0.039. THIS ASSOCIATION WAS MORE PRONOUNCED IN MALE GENDER; OR AND 95% CI OF 5.3 (1.4- 19.3) AND P=0.01. IN CONCLUSIONS, EGYPTIAN CHILDREN CARRYING THE MUTANT (TT) GENOTYPE WERE AT HIGHER RISK TO DEVELOP ASTHMA WITH A HIGHER RISK IN MALE GENDER.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15   519  40 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN CYTOKINE GENES AND MILD PERSISTENT BREAST PAIN IN WOMEN FOLLOWING BREAST CANCER SURGERY. PERSISTENT PAIN FOLLOWING BREAST CANCER SURGERY IS A SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM. BOTH INHERITED AND ACQUIRED MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATION APPEAR TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF PERSISTENT PAIN. IN THIS LONGITUDINAL STUDY, GROWTH MIXTURE MODELING WAS USED TO IDENTIFY PERSISTENT BREAST PAIN PHENOTYPES BASED ON PAIN ASSESSMENTS OBTAINED PRIOR TO AND MONTHLY FOR 6MONTHS FOLLOWING BREAST CANCER SURGERY. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE "NO PAIN" AND "MILD PAIN" PHENOTYPES AND SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) SPANNING 15 CYTOKINE GENES WERE EVALUATED. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE CPG SITES FOUND IN THE PROMOTERS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN GROUP MEMBERSHIP WAS DETERMINED USING BISULFITE SEQUENCING. IN THE MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS, THREE SNPS (I.E., INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL6) RS2069840, C-X-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE LIGAND 8 (CXCL8) RS4073, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) RS1800610) AND TWO TNF CPG SITES (I.E., C.-350C, C.-344C) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN GROUP MEMBERSHIP. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT VARIATIONS IN IL6, CXCL8, AND TNF ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF MILD PERSISTENT BREAST PAIN. CPG METHYLATION WITHIN THE TNF PROMOTER MAY PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH TNF ALTERS THE RISK FOR MILD PERSISTENT BREAST PAIN AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY. THESE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS MAY HELP TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE PREDISPOSED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILD LEVELS OF PERSISTENT BREAST PAIN FOLLOWING BREAST CANCER SURGERY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16   505  35 ASSOCIATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B PROMOTOR POLYMORPHISM WITH CHILDHOOD CHRONIC IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC PROCESS THAT REFERS TO CHROMATIN-BASED MECHANISMS IN THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT DNA ALTERNATION. IT IS MEDIATED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS). THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) GENE CONTAINS A C-TO-T SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP; RS2424913) IN THE PROMOTOR REGION, 149 BASE PAIRS FROM THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE, WHICH IS REPORTED TO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE PROMOTOR ACTIVITY. OBJECTIVE: TO INVESTIGATE THE PREVALANCE OF RS2424913 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM LOCATED IN THE DNMT3B GENE PROMOTOR. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE PREVALENCE OF RS2424913 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM LOCATED IN DNMT3B GENE PROMOTOR BY RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (PCR-RFLP) IN EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC CHRONIC IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA (ITP) PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. RESULTS: THE HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPE (TT) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN OUR PATIENT AND CONFERRED ALMOST 3-FOLD INCREASED RISK OF CHRONIC ITP WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROLS. CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY SHOWS THAT DNMT3B RS2424913 PROMOTOR POLYMORPHISM REPRESENTS A GENETIC RISK FACTOR THAT MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC ITP.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17    67  40 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATIONS OF BDNF GENOTYPE AND METHYLATION WITH POSTSTROKE ANXIETY. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH THE PRECISE ETIOLOGY OF POSTSTROKE ANXIETY (PSA) HAS YET TO BE FULLY ELUCIDATED, IT IS KNOWN THAT BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS IMPORTANT FOR NEURAL PLASTICITY AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION, ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ANXIETY. THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF IS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC PROFILES. THUS, WE INVESTIGATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BDNF METHYLATION STATUS AND PSA AT 2 WEEKS AND 1 YEAR AFTER STROKE WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR INTERACTIONS WITH THE BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM. METHODS: THE BASELINE SAMPLE COMPRISED 286 PATIENTS WHO WERE ASSESSED AT 2 WEEKS AFTER STROKE; OF THESE PATIENTS, 222 (78%) WERE FOLLOWED UP WITH AT 1 YEAR AFTER STROKE. THE PRESENCE OF PSA WAS DETERMINED USING THE ANXIETY SUBSCALE OF THE HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE (HADS), AND THE EFFECTS OF BDNF METHYLATION STATUS AND POLYMORPHISMS ON PSA STATUS WERE ASSESSED WITH MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS. RESULTS: THE PREVALENCE OF PSA WAS SLIGHTLY LOWER (27 [9.4%]) AT BASELINE, AND 35 (15.8%) PATIENTS WERE IDENTIFIED AS HAVING PSA AT THE 1-YEAR FOLLOW-UP. STROKE PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER AVERAGE METHYLATION STATUS WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE PSA AT 1 YEAR. THE BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM WAS NOT INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH PSA DURING EITHER THE ACUTE OR CHRONIC PHASE AFTER STROKE, BUT THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIVE EFFECT BETWEEN BDNF METHYLATION AND GENOTYPE ON PSA AT 2 WEEKS. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY, BDNF METHYLATION IN COMBINATION WITH THE MET/MET BDNF POLYMORPHISM (VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PSA. THESE FINDINGS MAY HELP IDENTIFY PATIENTS AT HIGHER RISK FOR PSA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  5129  35 POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AND ANALGESIA: IS THERE A GENETIC BASIS TO THE OPIOID CRISIS? BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE FACTORS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN DETERMINING WHY CERTAIN PATIENTS HAVE INCREASED POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DEVELOP CHRONIC PAIN. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO: 1) IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE GENES THAT AFFECT POSTOPERATIVE PAIN PERCEPTION AND CONTROL; 2) ADDRESS MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS THAT RESULT IN EPIGENETIC ALTERED RESPONSES TO PAIN; AND 3) CHARACTERIZE DIFFERENCES IN PAIN SENSITIVITY AND THRESHOLDS BETWEEN OPIOID-NAIVE AND OPIOID-DEPENDENT PATIENTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THREE ELECTRONIC DATABASES WERE USED TO CONDUCT THE LITERATURE SEARCH: PUBMED, EBSCO HOST, AND SCOPUS. A TOTAL OF 372 ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED, OF WHICH 46 STUDIES WERE DEEMED RELEVANT AND ARE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW. RESULTS: SPECIFIC GENE ALTERATIONS THAT WERE SHOWN TO AFFECT POSTOPERATIVE PAIN CONTROL INCLUDED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE MU, KAPPA, AND DELTA OPIOID RECEPTORS, ION CHANNEL GENES, CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS, GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS AND CYTOKINE GENES, AMONG OTHERS. ALCOHOLISM, OBESITY, AND SMOKING WERE ALL LINKED WITH GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS THAT ALTERED PAIN SENSITIVITY. OPIOID ABUSE WAS FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH A POORER RESPONSE TO ANALGESICS POSTOPERATIVELY, AS WELL AS A RISK FOR PRESCRIPTION OVERDOSE. CONCLUSION: ALTHOUGH PAIN PERCEPTION HAS MULTIPLE COMPLEX INFLUENCES, THE GREATEST VARIABILITY SEEN IN RESPONSE TO OPIOIDS AMONG POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS KNOWN TO DATE CAN BE TRACED TO GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN OPIOID METABOLISM. FURTHER STUDY IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  3442  47 HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER OF THE MTHFR GENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR REGULATING THE TRANSCRIPTION OF MANY GENES AND HAS BEEN LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASES. A PROMISING GENE TO INVESTIGATE IS METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (MTHFR), SINCE THE ENZYME METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (MTHFR) PROMOTES METHYL RADICAL SYNTHESIS IN THE HOMOCYSTEINE CYCLE AND CAN PROVIDE METHYL GROUPS FOR DNA METHYLATION. IN ADDITION, SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE CORRELATED GENE POLYMORPHISMS OF THIS ENZYME WITH A GREATER RISK OF DIABETES, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THIS GENE AND DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION PROFILE IN THE MTHFR GENE PROMOTER AND BIOCHEMICAL, INFLAMMATORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2DM) WHO HAVE BEEN DIAGNOSED FOR 5-10 YEARS WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (DR) AND NEPHROPATHY (DN). METHODS: SPECIFIC PCR FOR METHYLATION (MSP) WAS USED TO ANALYZE MTHFR METHYLATION PROFILE IN LEUCOCYTES DNA. BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS (GLYCEMIA, GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN, TOTAL CHOLESTEROL, LDL, HDL, TRIGLYCERIDES, SERUM CREATININE), INFLAMMATORY MARKERS (C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND ALPHA-1 ACID GLYCOPROTEIN) AND OXIDATIVE STRESS (TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT AND MALONALDEHYDE) WERE DETERMINED IN PERIPHERIC BLOOD SAMPLES AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN 24 H URINE SAMPLES. THE X(2) AND MANN-WHITNEY STATISTICAL TESTS WERE PERFORMED AND P < 0.05 WERE CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT. RESULTS: THE HYPERMETHYLATED PROFILE WAS MOST FREQUENTLY OBSERVED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH RETINOPATHY (P < 0.01) AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND LDL LEVELS (P = 0.0046, 0.0267, RESPECTIVELY). INDIVIDUALS WITH DN AND HYPERMETHYLATED PROFILES HAD HIGHER LEVELS OF ALPHA-1 ACID GLYCOPROTEIN (P = 0.0080) AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (P = 0.0169) COMPARED TO SUBJECTS WITHOUT COMPLICATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER OF THE MTHFR GENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF DR AND WITH BIOCHEMICAL, INFLAMMATORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20   524  36 ASSOCIATIONS OF BDNF GENOTYPE AND PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH ACUTE AND LONG-TERM STROKE OUTCOMES IN AN EAST ASIAN COHORT. BACKGROUND: BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN POSTSTROKE RECOVERY. BDNF SECRETION IS INFLUENCED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILES. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM AND PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOMES AT TWO WEEKS AND ONE YEAR AFTER STROKE. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A TOTAL OF 286 PATIENTS WERE EVALUATED AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION AND TWO WEEKS AFTER STROKE, AND 222 (78%) WERE FOLLOWED ONE YEAR LATER IN ORDER TO EVALUATE CONSEQUENCES OF STROKE AT BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STAGES. STROKE OUTCOMES WERE DICHOTOMISED INTO GOOD AND POOR BY THE MODIFIED RANKIN SCALE. STROKE SEVERITY (NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH STROKE SCALE), PHYSICAL DISABILITY (BARTHEL INDEX), AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION (MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION) WERE MEASURED. ASSOCIATIONS OF BDNF GENOTYPE AND METHYLATION STATUS ON STROKE OUTCOMES AND ASSESSMENT SCALE SCORES WERE INVESTIGATED USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION, REPEATED MEASURES ANOVA AND PARTIAL CORRELATION TESTS. BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM WAS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOME AT 2 WEEKS AND AT 1 YEAR, AND WITH WORSENING PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION OVER THAT PERIOD. HIGHER BDNF PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS WAS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE OUTCOMES AT 1 YEAR, AND WITH THE WORSENING OF PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION. NO SIGNIFICANT GENOTYPE-METHYLATION INTERACTIONS WERE FOUND. CONCLUSIONS: A ROLE FOR BDNF IN POSTSTROKE RECOVERY WAS SUPPORTED, AND CLINICAL UTILITY OF BDNF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILE AS PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS AND A TARGET FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT WAS SUGGESTED.	2012