1  2690 138 EVOLUTION OF DOHAD: THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES HAVE A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON THE CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS PLAGUING CHILDREN AND ADULTS. ALTHOUGH THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (DOHAD) PARADIGM HISTORICALLY HAS FOCUSED ON NUTRITION, AN EXPANDING BODY OF RESEARCH SPECIFICALLY COMMUNICATES THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURES ON EARLY-LIFE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROPAGATION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN. THIS PAPER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH EFFORTS AIMED AT IDENTIFYING CRITICAL WINDOWS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND THE SIGNALING CHANGES AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION. DOHAD GRANTS FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES (NIEHS) IN 1991, 2001 AND 2011 ARE IDENTIFIED BY GRANT-ANALYSIS SOFTWARE, AND EACH PORTFOLIO IS ANALYZED FOR EXPOSURES, DISEASE ENDPOINTS, WINDOWS OF EXPOSURE, STUDY DESIGN AND IMPACT ON THE FIELD BASED ON PUBLICATION DATA. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE 1991 AND 2001 PORTFOLIOS COMPRISED METALS, PCBS AND AIR POLLUTANTS; HOWEVER, BY 2011, THE PORTFOLIO HAS EVOLVED TO INCLUDE OR EXPAND THE VARIETY OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, PESTICIDES/PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND METALS. AN ASSORTMENT OF BRAIN-HEALTH ENDPOINTS IS MOST TARGETED ACROSS THE PORTFOLIOS, WHEREAS REPRODUCTION AND CANCER INCREASE STEADILY OVER THE SAME TIME PERIOD, AND NEW ENDPOINTS LIKE OBESITY ARE INTRODUCED BY 2011. WITH MOUNTING EVIDENCE CONNECTING EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURES TO LATER-LIFE DISEASE, WE CONCLUDE THAT IT IS CRITICAL TO EXPAND THE ORIGINAL DOHAD CONCEPT TO INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES, AND TO CONTINUE A RESEARCH AGENDA THAT EMPHASIZES DEFINING SENSITIVE WINDOWS OF EXPOSURE AND THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSE DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2   755  29 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN FATTY LIVER DISEASE: THE LIVER-HEART AXIS-LITERATURE REVIEW. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) REMAINS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE, ACCOUNTING FOR APPROXIMATELY 18 MILLION DEATHS PER YEAR. NEVERTHELESS, THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC DISEASES, SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), ALSO KNOWN TO BE COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR CVD, HAVE DRAMATICALLY INCREASED OVER THE LAST DECADES. CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES (CLD) AS WELL AS BEING A MAJOR HEALTH CARE COST EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTING FOR THE SPENDING OF TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF MONEY ANNUALLY. NAFLD HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MAJOR DISEASES PLAGUING THE WORLD WHILE STANDING AS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LIVER DISEASE IN THE WESTERN COUNTRIES BY REPRESENTING ABOUT 75% OF ALL CLD. CURRENTLY, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN NAFLD REMAINS TO BE CVD. SEVERAL MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSOCIATING FLD WITH CVD THROUGH SEVERAL MECHANISMS INCLUDING LOW-GRADE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ADIPOKINES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS, LIPOTOXICITY AND MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS WHICH MAY ALSO BE INFLUENCED BY OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS. DESPITE OF ALL THIS EVIDENCE, THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF HOW FLD CAN CAUSALLY CONTRIBUTE TO CVD ARE NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED AND MUCH REMAINS UNKNOWN. MOREOVER, THE CURRENT LITERATURE SUPPORTS THE INCREASING EVIDENCE ASSOCIATING FLD WITH SEVERAL CARDIOVASCULAR (CV) ADVERSE EVENTS INCLUDING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, INCREASED SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK, STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS MAINLY LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, INCREASED EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS, VALVULAR CALCIFICATIONS INCLUDING AORTIC VALVE SCLEROSIS AND MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL CARDIAC MODIFICATIONS MAINLY DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN ADDITION TO CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS SUCH AS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DEFECTS INCLUDING ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCKS AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCKS. PATIENTS WITH FLD SHOULD BE EVALUATED AND MANAGED ACCORDINGLY IN ORDER TO PREVENT FURTHER COMPLICATIONS. POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT METHODS INCLUDE NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES INCLUDING LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS, PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES AS WELL AS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING FLD WITH AN INCREASED CV RISK, IN ADDITION TO ASSOCIATED CV ADVERSE EVENTS AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT MODALITIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  4062  37 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES AND AN INTEGRATED, LIFE-CYCLE APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. DESCRIBED AS THE 'INVISIBLE EPIDEMIC', NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) ARE THE WORLD'S LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH. MOST ARE CAUSED BY PREVENTABLE FACTORS, INCLUDING POOR DIET, TOBACCO USE, HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY. DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 38 MILLION (68%) OF GLOBAL DEATHS IN 2012. SINCE 1990, PROPORTIONATE NCD MORTALITY HAS INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY AS POPULATIONS HAVE AGED AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DECLINE. THE MAJORITY OF NCD DEATHS, ESPECIALLY PREMATURE NCD DEATHS (<70 YEARS, 82%), OCCUR IN LOW-INCOME AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, AND AMONG POOR COMMUNITIES WITHIN THEM. ADDRESSING NCDS IS RECOGNISED AS CENTRAL TO THE POST-2015 AGENDA; ACCORDINGLY, NCDS HAVE A SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE AND TARGET IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. WHILE DEATHS FROM NCDS OCCUR MAINLY IN ADULTHOOD, MANY HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN EARLY LIFE, INCLUDING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OPERATING BEFORE CONCEPTION. GOOD NUTRITION BEFORE CONCEPTION AND INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT PREVENTING NCDS DURING THE FIRST 1000 DAYS (FROM CONCEPTION TO AGE 2 YEARS), CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE MAY BE MORE COST-EFFECTIVE THAN MANAGING ESTABLISHED NCDS IN LATER LIFE WITH COSTLY TESTS AND DRUGS. FOLLOWING A LIFE-COURSE APPROACH, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, BEFORE DELIVERY AND DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, CAN PREVENT NCDS AND SHOULD INFLUENCE GLOBAL HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES HOW SUCH AN APPROACH MAY BE PURSUED, INCLUDING THROUGH THE ENGAGEMENT OF NON-HEALTH SECTORS. IT ALSO EMPHASISES EVALUATING AND DOCUMENTING RELATED INITIATIVES TO UNDERWRITE SYSTEMATIC AND EVIDENCE-BASED CROSS-SECTORAL ENGAGEMENT ON NCD PREVENTION IN THE FUTURE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  1157  31 CONTAMINANT METALS AS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS: A SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT FROM THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION. EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS IS LINKED TO INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. BEYOND THE EXTENSIVE EVIDENCE FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION, ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT EXPOSURE TO NONESSENTIAL METALS SUCH AS LEAD, CADMIUM, AND ARSENIC IS A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTOR TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE WORLDWIDE. HUMANS ARE EXPOSED TO METALS THROUGH AIR, WATER, SOIL, AND FOOD AND EXTENSIVE INDUSTRIAL AND PUBLIC USE. CONTAMINANT METALS INTERFERE WITH CRITICAL INTRACELLULAR REACTIONS AND FUNCTIONS LEADING TO OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT RESULT IN ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, HYPERTENSION, EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND CHANGES IN MYOCARDIAL EXCITATION AND CONTRACTILE FUNCTION. LEAD, CADMIUM, AND ARSENIC HAVE BEEN LINKED TO SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS, AND CALCIFICATION AS WELL AS TO INCREASED RISK OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND STROKE, LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND HEART FAILURE, AND PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SHOW THAT EXPOSURE TO LEAD, CADMIUM, OR ARSENIC IS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH MOSTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE. PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES REDUCING METAL EXPOSURE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DEATH. POPULATIONS OF COLOR AND LOW SOCIOECONOMIC MEANS ARE MORE COMMONLY EXPOSED TO METALS AND THEREFORE AT GREATER RISK OF METAL-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. TOGETHER WITH STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES TO PREVENT METAL EXPOSURES, DEVELOPMENT OF MORE SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE MEASUREMENT MODALITIES, CLINICAL MONITORING OF METAL EXPOSURES, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF METAL CHELATION THERAPIES COULD FURTHER DIMINISH THE BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ATTRIBUTABLE TO METAL EXPOSURE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
5  4711  27 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A ROLE FOR NUTRITION? NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BECOME THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN, PARALLELING THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WORLDWIDE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF PAEDIATRIC NAFLD IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, BUT IT IS KNOWN THAT OBESITY, NUTRITION, LIFESTYLE VARIABLES, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY BE CAUSALLY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS COMMON METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE. IN PARTICULAR, OBESITY AND NUTRITION ARE AMONG THE STRONGEST RISK FACTORS FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD, WHICH MAY EXERT THEIR ADVERSE HEPATIC EFFECTS ALREADY BEFORE BIRTH. EXCESS ENERGY INTAKE INDUCES HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASIA OF ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR NAFLD. DIET COMPOSITION AND IN PARTICULAR SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE (ESPECIALLY HIGH FRUCTOSE INTAKE) MAY PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, WHEREAS NON-DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES (DIETARY FIBER), BY AFFECTING GUT MICROBIOTA, MAY FAVOUR THE INTEGRITY OF GUT WALL AND REDUCE INFLAMMATION, OPPOSING THIS PROCESS. SATURATED FAT INTAKE MAY ALSO PROMOTE NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, WHEREAS UNSATURATED FAT INTAKE HAS SOME BENEFICIAL EFFECTS. PROTEIN INTAKE DOES NOT SEEM TO AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, BUT FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED. IN CONCLUSION, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS TO INDUCE WEIGHT LOSS, THROUGH DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, REMAIN THE MAINSTAY OF TREATMENT FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD. THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, SUCH AS OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND PROBIOTICS, NEEDS FURTHER STUDY BEFORE RECOMMENDATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
6    74  25 A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVE OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. IN RECENT TIMES, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BEEN CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF LIVER DISEASE ACROSS THE WORLD. NAFLD IS DEFINED AS THE DEPOSITION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN THE LIVER AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. HYPERINSULINEMIA, INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), FATTY LIVER, HEPATOCYTE INJURY, UNBALANCED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, LIVER INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS ARE THE MAIN PATHOGENESIS IN NAFLD. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT THE ACTION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA THROUGH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, INCREASED INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY, AND ENERGY UPTAKE PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN NAFLD. MOREOVER, POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME ALSO CAUSES NAFLD DEVELOPMENT THROUGH IR. AGE, GENDER, RACE, ETHNICITY, SLEEP, DIET, SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS ARE SOME CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF NAFLD THAT CAN EXACERBATE THE RISK OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) AND EVENTUALLY LEAD TO DEATH. NAFLD HAS VARIOUS PRESENTATIONS, INCLUDING FATIGUE, UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS, BLOATING, UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN, DECREASED APPETITE, HEADACHE, ANXIETY, POOR SLEEP, INCREASED THIRST, PALPITATION, AND A FEELING OF WARMTH. SOME STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT NAFLD WITH SEVERE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HAS POOR OUTCOMES. THE GOLD STANDARD FOR NAFLD DIAGNOSIS IS LIVER BIOPSY. OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS ARE IMAGING TESTS, SERUM BIOMARKERS, MICROBIOTA MARKERS, AND TESTS FOR EXTRAHEPATIC COMPLICATIONS. THERE ARE NO SPECIFIC TREATMENTS FOR NAFLD. THEREFORE, THE MAIN CONCERN FOR NAFLD IS TREATING THE COMORBID CONDITIONS SUCH AS ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, STATINS TO REDUCE HCC PROGRESSION, ANTIOXIDANTS TO PREVENT HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE, AND BARIATRIC SURGERY FOR PATIENTS WITH A BMI OF >40 KG/M(2) AND >35 KG/M(2) WITH COMORBIDITIES. LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY CHANGES ARE CONSIDERED PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AGAINST NAFLD ADVANCEMENT. INADEQUATE TREATMENT OF NAFLD FURTHER LEADS TO CARDIAC CONSEQUENCES, SLEEP APNEA, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE HAVE BRIEFLY DISCUSSED THE RISK FACTORS, PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND NUMEROUS CONSEQUENCES OF NAFLD. WE HAVE ALSO REVIEWED VARIOUS GUIDELINES FOR NAFLD DIAGNOSIS ALONG WITH EXISTING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7    30  40 A BRIEF LOOK AT HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE, ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS, OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE-COULD ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS BE THE OTHER SIDE OF THE SAME COIN? HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE (HD) IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. THE EXACT PATHOMECHANISM BEHIND IT HAS NOT BEEN CLEARLY ESTABLISHED; HOWEVER, AN INTERPLAY OF GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS (INCLUDING DIET) AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS SEEMS TO BE INVOLVED. AMONG THE LATTER, INCREASINGLY MORE ATTENTION HAS BEEN PAID TO SOME HORMONALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, KNOWN AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, WHICH ARE COMMONLY USED WORLDWIDE. HD HAS BECOME A CONDITION WIDELY REPORTED IN THE MEDIA, ACTING AS A CULPRIT FOR INEXPLICABLE WEIGHT GAIN, CHRONIC FATIGUE OR WEAKNESS. NEVERTHELESS, THE RECOGNITION OF HD IS UNDENIABLY INCREASING AND REPRESENTS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH BURDEN. AT THE SAME TIME, IMPROVING ACCESS TO IMAGING TESTS HAS INCREASED THE NUMBER OF INCIDENTALLY DIAGNOSED ADRENAL TUMORS. ABOVE ALL, THE WIDESPREAD USE OF CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS CONTRIBUTED TO FREQUENT INCIDENTAL DETECTION OF ADRENAL LESIONS. FORTUNATELY, A VAST MAJORITY OF THESE FINDINGS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC BENIGN TUMORS WITH NO EXCESSIVE HORMONAL ACTIVITY, AND THEREFORE, THEY ARE DEFINED AS ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS (AIS). INTERESTINGLY, RECENT STUDIES HAVE INDICATED THAT PATIENTS WITH AIS ARE MORE PRONE TO OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. ALTHOUGH MUTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE THYROID AND THE ADRENAL GLANDS HAVE BEEN STUDIED WIDELY, STILL, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE POSSIBLE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THYROID AUTOIMMUNITY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE COMMON ENDOCRINE DISORDERS WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE FREQUENTLY COEXISTING INSULIN RESISTANCE AND/OR OBESITY. FURTHERMORE, IN RESPONSE TO THE RECENT GROWING INTEREST IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, WITH THEIR TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT INFLUENCE HORMONAL SYSTEM FUNCTION, A CONCISE OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC HAS ALSO BEEN INCLUDED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
8  2801  21 FEMALE OBESITY: SHORT- AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING. THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY HAS RISEN OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES AND WOMEN ARE CURRENTLY MORE LIKELY THAN EVER TO ENTER PREGNANCY OBESE. PRE-PREGNANCY OBESITY AND EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN INCREASE MISCARRIAGE RATES AND OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS, WHICH RESULT IN A LOWER HEALTHY LIVE BIRTH RATE. IN ADDITION TO ITS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE MOTHER, OBESITY HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC ILLNESSES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, METABOLIC SYNDROME AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE ADOLESCENCE AND ADULTHOOD OF THE OFFSPRING. MOREOVER, MATERNAL OBESITY CAUSES PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS, PHYSICAL DISABILITIES AND HIGHER HEALTHCARE COSTS. FETAL PROGRAMMING OF METABOLIC FUNCTION INDUCED BY OBESITY, THROUGH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND/OR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, MAY HAVE AN INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECT AND COULD, THUS, PERPETUATE OBESITY IN THE NEXT GENERATION. IN ORDER TO BREAK THIS VICIOUS CIRCLE AND AVOID SERIOUS SHORT- AND LONG-TERM NEGATIVE OUTCOMES FOR BOTH MOTHERS AND FETUSES, THE PREVENTION AND ADEQUATE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN ARE ESSENTIAL.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  5654  30 SEX, NUTRITION, AND NAFLD: RELEVANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND REPRESENTS AN INCREASING PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE GIVEN THE LIMITED TREATMENT OPTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SEVERAL OTHER METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. THE EPIDEMIC, STILL GROWING PREVALENCE OF NAFLD WORLDWIDE CANNOT BE MERELY EXPLAINED BY CHANGES IN DIET AND LIFESTYLE THAT OCCURRED IN THE LAST FEW DECADES, NOR FROM THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS. IT IS CONCEIVABLE THAT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, WHICH ACT AS ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISRUPTORS, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPREADING OF THIS PATHOLOGY DUE TO THEIR ABILITY TO ENTER THE FOOD CHAIN AND BE INGESTED THROUGH CONTAMINATED FOOD AND WATER. GIVEN THE STRICT INTERPLAY BETWEEN NUTRIENTS AND THE REGULATION OF HEPATIC METABOLISM AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS IN FEMALES, POLLUTANT-INDUCED METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS MAY BE OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE FOR THE FEMALE LIVER, DAMPENING SEX DIFFERENCES IN NAFLD PREVALENCE. DIETARY INTAKE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DETRIMENTAL DURING GESTATION, WHEN ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS MAY INTERFERE WITH THE PROGRAMMING OF LIVER METABOLISM, ACCOUNTING FOR THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGIN OF NAFLD IN OFFSPRING. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES CAUSE-EFFECT EVIDENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND INCREASED INCIDENCE OF NAFLD AND EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR FURTHER STUDIES IN THIS FIELD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10  4080  21 MATERNAL LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS: TARGETING PRECONCEPTION HEALTH. ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ARE OBESE, PREDISPOSING BOTH MOTHER AND BABY TO UNFAVOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND INITIATING AN INTERGENERATIONAL CYCLE OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS. HERE WE SUMMARISE RECENT RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL METABOLIC HEALTH ON OFFSPRING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FUTURE CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES. CURRENT PRIMARY LIFESTYLE APPROACHES (I.E., DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS) TO HALT THE SUCCESSION OF INHERITED AND EPIGENETIC METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES HAVE MET WITH LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO LATE IMPLEMENTATION, POOR ADHERENCE, AND/OR GENERIC GUIDELINES. IN OUR OPINION, SUCH INTERVENTIONS MUST COMMENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION TO IMPROVE BOTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH NEW APPROACHES URGENTLY NEEDED TO INCREASE ADHERENCE TO PRIMARY LIFESTYLE CHANGES AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11  4779  23 NUTRIENTS, GENETIC FACTORS, AND THEIR INTERACTION IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES AND EXPOSE PATIENTS TO INCREASED RISK OF HEPATIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR (CV) MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND GENETIC PREDISPOSITION CONTRIBUTE TO THE RISK. AN INAPPROPRIATE DIET, RICH IN REFINED CARBOHYDRATES, ESPECIALLY FRUCTOSE, AND SATURATED FATS, AND POOR IN FIBERS, POLYUNSATURATED FATS, AND VITAMINS IS ONE OF THE MAIN KEY FACTORS, AS WELL AS THE POLYMORPHISM OF PATATIN-LIKE PHOSPHOLIPASE DOMAIN CONTAINING 3 (PNPLA3 GENE) FOR NAFLD AND THE APOLIPOPROTEINS AND THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR (PPAR) FAMILY FOR THE CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE. BEYOND GENETIC INFLUENCE, ALSO EPIGENETICS MODIFICATIONS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIOUS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BOTH HEPATIC AND CV DISEASE. INTERESTINGLY, DATA ARE ACCUMULATING ON THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN DIET AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, MODULATING PATHOGENETIC PATHWAYS IN NAFLD AND CV DISEASE. WE REPORT THE MAIN EVIDENCE FROM LITERATURE ON THE INFLUENCE OF BOTH MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN NAFLD AND CV DAMAGE AND THE ROLE OF GENETICS EITHER ALONE OR COMBINED WITH DIET IN INCREASING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING BOTH DISEASES. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, GENETICS AND DIET ARE ESSENTIAL TO TREAT THE DISEASES AND TAILORING NUTRITIONAL THERAPY TO CONTROL NAFLD AND CV RISK.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  2699  24 EXCESS BODY WEIGHT: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO ITS ROLES IN OBESITY COMORBIDITIES. EXCESS BODY WEIGHT IS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM DUE TO SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND UNHEALTHY DIET, AFFECTING 2 BILLION POPULATION WORLDWIDE. OBESITY IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR METABOLIC DISEASES. NOTABLY, THE METABOLIC RISK OF OBESITY LARGELY DEPENDS ON BODY WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION, OF WHICH VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUES BUT NOT SUBCUTANEOUS FATS ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY COMORBIDITIES, INCLUDING TYPE 2 DIABETES, NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER. LATEST MULTI-OMICS AND MECHANISTICAL STUDIES REPORTED THE CRUCIAL INVOLVEMENT OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, ADIPOKINES DYSREGULATION, IMMUNITY CHANGES, IMBALANCE OF WHITE AND BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUES, AND GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS IN MEDIATING THE PATHOGENIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUES AND COMORBIDITIES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND THE UP-TO-DATE MECHANISM OF HOW EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND OBESITY LEAD TO CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS. WE ALSO EXAMINE THE UTILIZATION OF VISCERAL FAT MEASUREMENT AS AN ACCURATE CLINICAL PARAMETER FOR RISK ASSESSMENT IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND CLINICAL OUTCOME PREDICTION IN OBESE SUBJECTS. IN ADDITION, CURRENT APPROACHES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND ITS RELATED METABOLIC COMORBIDITIES ARE FURTHER DISCUSSED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13   363  35 AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS TO CHILDREN. AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IS PRODUCED BY SOURCES INCLUDING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC, COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, HYDRAULIC FRACTURING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND FOREST FIRES. IT CONSISTS OF PRIMARY POLLUTANTS GENERATED BY COMBUSTION AND SECONDARY POLLUTANTS FORMED IN THE ATMOSPHERE FROM PRECURSOR GASES. AIR POLLUTION CAUSES AND EXACERBATES CLIMATE CHANGE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE WORSENS HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. INFANTS AND CHILDREN ARE UNIQUELY SENSITIVE TO AIR POLLUTION, BECAUSE THEIR ORGANS ARE DEVELOPING AND THEY HAVE HIGHER AIR PER BODY WEIGHT INTAKE. HEALTH EFFECTS LINKED TO AIR POLLUTION INCLUDE NOT ONLY EXACERBATIONS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES BUT ALSO REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASED ASTHMA INCIDENCE. ADDITIONAL OUTCOMES OF CONCERN INCLUDE PRETERM BIRTH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, IQ LOSS, PEDIATRIC CANCERS, AND INCREASED RISKS FOR ADULT CHRONIC DISEASES. THESE EFFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY OXIDATIVE STRESS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN. NATURAL EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE THAT WITH INITIATIVES SUCH AS INCREASED USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, BOTH AIR QUALITY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH IMPROVE. SIMILARLY, THE CLEAN AIR ACT HAS IMPROVED AIR QUALITY, ALTHOUGH EXPOSURE INEQUITIES PERSIST. OTHER EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTION INCLUDE ENDING RELIANCE ON COAL, OIL, AND GAS; REGULATING INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; REDUCING EXPOSURE WITH ATTENTION TO PROXIMITY OF RESIDENCES, SCHOOLS, AND CHILD CARE FACILITIES TO TRAFFIC; AND A GREATER AWARENESS OF THE AIR QUALITY INDEX. THIS POLICY REVIEWS BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURES. IT EXAMINES INDIVIDUAL, COMMUNITY, AND LEGISLATIVE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE AIR POLLUTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14  4188  35 METABOLIC ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: MECHANISMS OF A SILENT EPIDEMIC AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS NOW IDENTIFIED AS A HEPATIC SIGN OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND IS THE MOST FREQUENT CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN ALL AGES. IT IS ASSUMED THAT A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC FACTORS PARTICIPATES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THIS CONDITION. VISCERAL OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR) HAVE ALWAYS BEEN CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSATIVE FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS) AND NAFLD, BUT CURRENTLY, THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GENETIC HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS INCREASINGLY CONSIDERED FUNDAMENTAL IN THE GENESIS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH NAFLD. IN FACT, IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD, INSULIN RESISTANCE, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, ABDOMINAL OBESITY, DYSLIPIDEMIA AND REDUCED INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY HAVE OFTEN BEEN FOUND, AS WELL AS A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND OSTEOPENIA, WHICH DEFINE A METS FRAMEWORK. EARLY DIAGNOSIS IS NEEDED TO PREVENT DISEASE PROGRESSION THROUGH PRIMARILY LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS. UNFORTUNATELY, AT PRESENT, THERE ARE NO MOLECULES RECOMMENDED FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS. HOWEVER, SEVERAL NEW DRUGS ARE IN CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR THIS REASON, TARGETED STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD AND METS AND ON THE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT DETERMINE THE EVOLUTION IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. THEREFORE, IT IS DESIRABLE THAT FUTURE STUDIES MAY BE USEFUL IN IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AT RISK OF DEVELOPING NAFLD AND METS EARLY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15   653  30 BISPHENOL A, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN HUMANS. THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE REGARDING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD). IF BPA EXPOSURE IS INDEED ASSOCIATED WITH RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE AND CVD, IT WOULD BE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. THEREFORE, WE REVIEWED THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION, AND DISCUSSED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS IN THIS ARTICLE. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES IN VARIOUS ETHNICITIES SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND HYPERTENSION; THIS ASSOCIATION WAS SUPPORTED BY A PANEL STUDY AND A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. DESPITE THE DISCORDANCE AMONG CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES ABOUT AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND CVD, A LONGITUDINAL STUDY SHOWS THAT BPA EXPOSURE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CVD. THE EFFECTS OF BPA EXPOSURE SUCH AS ENDOCRINAL DISTURBANCE, INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION, EPIGENETIC CHANGE, AND LINKS WITH OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES MAY HIGHLIGHT A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION. TO CLARIFY THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP, WELL-DESIGNED STUDIES ARE NEEDED IN THE FUTURE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16  3595  28 IMPLICATIONS OF MATERNAL CONDITIONS AND PREGNANCY COURSE ON OFFSPRING'S MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN ADULT LIFE. IN THE LAST DECADE, NUMEROUS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA SHOW THAT PERICONCEPTIONAL, PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENT DETERMINES THE OFFSPRING'S RISK FOR LATER-LIFE CHRONIC DISEASE. FOR THIS PHENOMENON, THE TERM "FETAL" OR "PERINATAL PROGRAMMING" IS USED. IN EXPOSED OFFSPRING ALREADY IN CHILDHOOD AND EARLY ADULTHOOD, METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES CAN BE OBSERVED, LEADING TO OBESITY, DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION. NOWADAYS, THE MODE OF CONCEPTION (E.G., IN VITRO FERTILIZATION), MATERNAL METABOLIC CONDITIONS (E.G., UNDERNUTRITION, OVERNUTRITION, DIABETES) AND COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY (E.G., PREECLAMPSIA, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION) ARE SUSPECTED TO BE NEGATIVE PREDICTORS FOR OFFSPRING'S LONG-TERM HEALTH. MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE EFFECTS STILL REMAIN MAINLY UNCLEAR, BUT INCLUDE EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS, AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. THIS REVIEW PRESENTS A PIECE OF THE PUZZLE WITH REGARDS TO PERICONCEPTIONAL AND EARLY PERINATAL CONDITIONS DETERMINING LATER-LIFE RISK FOR CHRONIC ADULT DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17   529  27 ASTHMA IN URBAN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH DOMAIN. ASTHMA IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED CHRONIC CONDITION OF CHILDHOOD IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, WITH 6.5 MILLION CHILDREN AFFECTED IN THE USA. A DISPARATE BURDEN OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IS SEEN AMONG SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH, OFTEN CONCENTRATED IN URBAN AREAS WITH HIGH POVERTY RATES. HOST FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE A CHILD TO ASTHMA INCLUDE ATOPY, MALE GENDER, PARENTAL HISTORY OF ASTHMA, AND ALSO RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS IMPROVED HYGIENE, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, AND EARLY LIFE EXPOSURES TO MICROBES AND AEROALLERGENS, ALSO INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA. WITH GREATER THAN 90% OF TIME SPENT INDOORS, HOME EXPOSURES (SUCH AS COCKROACH, RODENT, AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) ARE HIGHLY RELEVANT FOR URBAN ASTHMA. MORBIDITY REDUCTION MAY REQUIRE FOCUSED PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION IN HIGH PRIORITY RISK GROUPS AND THE ADDITION OF IMMUNE MODULATORY AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH POORLY CONTROLLED DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18   360  26 AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AND BIOMARKERS OF HEALTH EFFECT. RECENTLY, THE AIR POLLUTION SITUATION OF OUR COUNTRY IS VERY SERIOUS ALONG WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION. STUDIES INDICATE THAT THE EXPOSURE OF AIR POLLUTION CAN CAUSE A RISE OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF MANY DISEASES, SUCH AS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), ASTHMA, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, AND SO ON. HOWEVER, THERE IS NOW GROWING EVIDENCE SHOWING THAT SIGNIFICANT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY BIOMARKERS IN VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF THE BODY. IN ORDER TO BETTER PREVENT AND CONTROL THE DAMAGE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION, THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES COMPREHENSIVELY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ABOUT THE BAD EFFECTS ON THE BIOMARKERS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SYSTEM EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  5224  32 PRIORITIZED RESEARCH FOR THE PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND REVERSAL OF CHRONIC DISEASE: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT. DECLINING LIFE EXPECTANCY AND INCREASING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS, SOCIOECOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND PREVENTABLE DISEASE. A GROWING BODY OF BASIC SCIENCE, CLINICAL RESEARCH, AND POPULATION HEALTH EVIDENCE POINTS TO THE BENEFITS OF HEALTHY BEHAVIORS, ENVIRONMENTS AND POLICIES TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND PREVENT, TREAT, AND REVERSE THE ROOT CAUSES OF COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES. SIMILARLY, INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, STANDARDS OF EVIDENCE, EMERGENCE OF UNIQUE STUDY COHORTS, AND BREAKTHROUGHS IN DATA ANALYTICS AND MODELING CREATE NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCING BIOMEDICAL KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL TRANSLATION. TO UNDERSTAND THESE ADVANCES AND INFORM FUTURE DIRECTIONS RESEARCH, THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT WAS CONVENED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ON DECEMBER 4-5, 2019. THE SUMMIT'S GOAL WAS TO REVIEW CURRENT STATUS AND DEFINE RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN THE SIX CORE AREAS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE: PLANT-PREDOMINANT NUTRITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, STRESS, ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS, AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY/SOCIAL CONNECTION. FORTY INVITED SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (1) REVIEWED EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND GAPS RELATING LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS TO COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES, MANY CANCERS, INFLAMMATORY- AND IMMUNE-RELATED DISORDERS AND OTHER CONDITIONS; AND (2) DISCUSSED THE POTENTIAL FOR APPLYING CUTTING-EDGE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, EPIGENETIC AND EMERGING SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGIES, RESEARCH DESIGNS, AND STUDY COHORTS TO ACCELERATE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ACROSS ALL SIX DOMAINS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. NOTABLY, FEDERAL HEALTH AGENCIES, SUCH AS THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HAVE BEGUN TO ADOPT "WHOLE-PERSON HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE" MODELS THAT ADDRESS THESE LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ROOT CAUSES OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, AND COST. RECOMMENDATIONS STRONGLY SUPPORT LEVERAGING EMERGING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN ORDER TO ACCELERATE EFFECTIVE CLINICAL AND POPULATION SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND REDUCE SOCIETAL COSTS. NEW AND ALTERNATIVE HIERARCHIES OF EVIDENCE ARE ALSO BE NEEDED IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE AND DEVELOP EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES ON LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. CHILDREN AND UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AS PRIORITIZED GROUPS TO STUDY. THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, WHICH DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTS PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC DISEASES THAT ARE AMENABLE TO EFFECTIVE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE INTERVENTIONS, MAKES THE SUMMIT'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH PARTICULARLY TIMELY AND RELEVANT.	2020	

20  5366  26 RECENT ADVANCES IN LEAN NAFLD. AS THE PREDOMINANT TYPE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, THE GROWING PREVALENCE OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BECOME A CONCERN WORLDWIDE. ALTHOUGH OBESITY PLAYS THE MOST PIVOTAL ROLE IN NAFLD, APPROXIMATELY 10-20% OF INDIVIDUALS WITH NAFLD WHO ARE NOT OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE (BMI < 25 KG/M2, OR BMI < 23 KG/M2 IN ASIANS) HAVE "LEAN NAFLD." LEAN INDIVIDUALS WITH NAFLD HAVE A LOWER PREVALENCE OF DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA, CENTRAL OBESITY, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME THAN NONLEAN INDIVIDUALS WITH NAFLD, BUT HIGHER FIBROSIS SCORES AND RATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN ADVANCED STAGES. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF LEAN NAFLD REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT LEAN NAFLD IS MORE CORRELATED WITH FACTORS SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THIS REVIEW WILL EXAMINE THE WAY IN WHICH THE RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF LEAN NAFLD, AND EXPLORE THE FUNCTION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE CLINICAL TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF LEAN NAFLD.	2022