1  3090 156 GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC EVALUATION OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE IN PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY: APPLICATION TO PRECISION REHABILITATION. OBJECTIVE: PHYSICAL THERAPISTS DEVELOP PATIENT-CENTERED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS TO HELP OVERCOME THE PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, PSYCHOSOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS THAT UNDERMINE A PERSON'S HEALTH. OPTIMALLY PRESCRIBING MUSCLE ACTIVITY FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY, SUCH AS A SPINAL CORD INJURY, IS CHALLENGING BECAUSE OF THEIR LOSS OF VOLITIONAL MOVEMENT CONTROL AND THE DETERIORATION OF THEIR UNDERLYING SKELETAL SYSTEMS. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES SPINAL CORD INJURY-SPECIFIC FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN PATIENT-CENTERED, PRECISION PRESCRIPTION OF MUSCLE ACTIVITY FOR PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY. THIS REPORT ALSO PRESENTS A MUSCLE GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC ANALYSIS TO EXAMINE THE REGULATION OF THE PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA COACTIVATOR 1ALPHA (PGC-1ALPHA) (OXIDATIVE) AND MYOSTATIN (HYPERTROPHY) SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING LOW-FREQUENCY (LOWER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE VERSUS HIGHER-FREQUENCY (HIGHER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE UNDER CONSTANT MUSCLE RECRUITMENT (INTENSITY). METHODS: SEVENTEEN PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY PARTICIPATED IN 1 OR MORE UNILATERAL ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE SESSIONS USING A LOWER-FORCE (1-, 3-, OR 5-HZ) OR HIGHER-FORCE (20-HZ) PROTOCOL. THREE HOURS AFTER THE EXERCISE SESSION, PERCUTANEOUS MUSCLE BIOPSIES WERE PERFORMED ON EXERCISED AND NONEXERCISED MUSCLES FOR GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC ANALYSIS. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT LOW-FREQUENCY (LOW-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF PGC-1ALPHA AND DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MYOSTATIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE EXPRESSION CHANGES OBSERVED WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY (HIGHER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE. FURTHER, WE FOUND THAT LOW-FREQUENCY (LOWER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE SIGNIFICANTLY DEMETHYLATED, OR EPIGENETICALLY PROMOTED, THE PGC-1ALPHA SIGNALING PATHWAY. A GLOBAL EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT >70 PATHWAYS WERE REGULATED WITH LOW-FREQUENCY (LOWER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE. CONCLUSION: THESE NOVEL RESULTS SUPPORT THE NOTION THAT LOW-FREQUENCY (LOW-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE MAY OFFER A MORE PRECISE REHABILITATION STRATEGY FOR PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC PARALYSIS AND SEVERE OSTEOPOROSIS. FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS ARE WARRANTED TO EXPLORE WHETHER LOW-FREQUENCY (LOWER-FORCE) ELECTRICALLY INDUCED EXERCISE TRAINING AFFECTS THE OVERALL HEALTH OF PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
2  4734  32 NOVEL CONCEPTS IN RADIATION-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. RADIATION-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (RICVD) IS THE MOST COMMON NONMALIGNANT CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AMONG CANCER SURVIVORS WHO HAVE UNDERGONE MEDIASTINAL RADIATION THERAPY (RT). CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE EFFUSIVE OR CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS, CARDIOMYOPATHY, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE, AND CORONARY/VASCULAR DISEASE. THESE ARE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT DISEASE ENTITIES WHOSE PREVALENCE VARIES DEPENDING ON THE TIMING AND EXTENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS. ALTHOUGH REFINEMENTS IN RT DOSIMETRY AND SHIELDING WILL INEVITABLY LIMIT FUTURE CASES OF RICVD, THE INCREASING NUMBER OF LONG-TERM CANCER SURVIVORS, INCLUDING THOSE TREATED WITH OLDER HIGHER-DOSE RT REGIMENS, WILL ENSURE A STEADY FLOW OF AFFLICTED PATIENTS FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE. THUS, THERE IS A PRESSING NEED FOR ENHANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE MECHANISMS, AND IMPROVED DETECTION METHODS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES. NEWLY CHARACTERIZED MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRONIC FIBROSIS, SUCH AS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ARE DISCUSSED AND LINKED TO POTENTIAL TREATMENTS CURRENTLY UNDER STUDY. NOVEL IMAGING MODALITIES MAY SERVE AS POWERFUL SCREENING TOOLS IN RICVD, AND RECENT RESEARCH AND EXPERT OPINION ADVOCATING THEIR USE IS INTRODUCED. DATA ARGUING FOR THE AGGRESSIVE USE OF PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTIONS, SUCH AS TRANSCUTANEOUS VALVE REPLACEMENT AND DRUG-ELUTING STENTS, ARE EXAMINED AND CONSIDERED IN THE CONTEXT OF PRIOR THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. RICVD AND ITS TREATMENT OPTIONS ARE THE SUBJECT OF A RICH AND DYNAMIC BODY OF RESEARCH, AND PATIENTS WHO ARE AT RISK OR SUFFERING FROM THIS DISEASE WILL BENEFIT FROM THE CARE OF PHYSICIANS WITH SPECIALTY EXPERTISE IN THE EMERGING FIELD OF CARDIO-ONCOLOGY.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  4577  32 MYOSTATIN: BASIC BIOLOGY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION. MYOSTATIN IS A MEMBER OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF)-BETA SUPERFAMILY. IT IS EXPRESSED BY ANIMAL AND HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS WHERE IT LIMITS MUSCLE GROWTH AND PROMOTES PROTEIN BREAKDOWN. ITS EFFECTS ARE INFLUENCED BY COMPLEX MECHANISMS INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND MODULATION BY EXTRACELLULAR BINDING PROTEINS. DUE TO ITS ACTIONS IN PROMOTING MUSCLE ATROPHY AND CACHEXIA, MYOSTATIN HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED AS A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGET TO COUNTERACT MUSCLE MASS LOSS IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS AND PATIENTS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT MUSCLE-WASTING CONDITIONS. MOREOVER, GROWING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT MYOSTATIN, BEYOND TO REGULATE SKELETAL MUSCLE GROWTH, MAY HAVE A ROLE IN MANY PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, CARDIOVASCULAR AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. IN THIS CHAPTER, WE REVIEW MYOSTATIN BIOLOGY, INCLUDING INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR REGULATORY PATHWAYS, AND THE ROLE OF MYOSTATIN IN MODULATING PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS MUSCLE GROWTH AND AGING. MOREOVER, WE DISCUSS THE MOST RELEVANT EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE EXTRA-MUSCLE EFFECTS OF MYOSTATIN. FINALLY, WE CONSIDER THE MAIN STRATEGIES DEVELOPED AND TESTED TO INHIBIT MYOSTATIN IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND DISCUSS THE LIMITS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ON MYOSTATIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4  3850  29 IS GENDER A FACTOR AFFECTING LONG-TERM HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE AFTER SINGLE-LEVEL CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY? BACKGROUND: CERVICAL DISC DISEASES HAVE BEEN TREATED BY CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (CDA). NEVERTHELESS, SOME PATIENTS WILL EXPERIENCE A MOBILITY FAILURE IN THEIR CERVICAL PROSTHESES OVER TIME BECAUSE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER CDA. METHODS: A RETROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER STUDY OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WITH A BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS WAS PERFORMED, INCLUDING A NARRATIVE REVIEW ABOUT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BOTH STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE. RESULTS: STUDY PATIENTS (14 MEN, 30 WOMEN) HAD AN AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP OF 9.8 +/- 3.2 YEARS. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EMERGED BETWEEN GENDERS FOR SPECIFIC ITEMS IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, WITH WOMEN REPORTING WORSE PAIN SCORES (P = 0.05). AFTER STRATIFICATION BY AGE, WE FOUND A HIGHER PREOPERATIVE OVERALL NECK DISABILITY INDEX SCORE FOR FEMALE PATIENTS <36 YEARS OF AGE (P = 0.03). IN AN INTERGENDER, BODY MASS INDEX-SPECIFIC COMPARISON, WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE SCORE WITH NORMAL-WEIGHT MALE PATIENTS FARING WORSE THAN OVERWEIGHT MALE PATIENTS (P = 0.05). AT A RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WE FOUND A TENDENCY TOWARD A HIGHER HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE IN MALE PATIENTS (62% IN MEN, 17% IN WOMEN, P = 0.06). THE FEMALE CERVICAL SPINE HAS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, INCLUDING BONE STRUCTURE, MUSCULAR ACTION, SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONCLUSIONS: THE INCIDENCE OF MOBILITY FAILURE IN OUR SERIES OF SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WAS LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SEVERAL GENDER-SPECIFIC FACTORS BOTH IN STATIC AND IN DYNAMIC FEATURES MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SPINAL PATHOLOGY AND CDA LONG-TERM RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5   103  39 A REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK FOR PERSONALIZED AND TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES: PERSPECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY. DESPITE MANY PEOPLE HAVING SIMILAR CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, AND CLINICAL CARE, OUTCOME CAN DIFFER FOR THOSE SUSTAINING SIGNIFICANT INJURY SUCH AS SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI). IN ADDITION TO TRADITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND CLINICAL FACTORS, VARIABILITY ALSO MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO INNATE (INCLUDING GENETIC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROTEOMIC, EPIGENETIC) BIOLOGICAL VARIATION THAT INDIVIDUALS BRING TO RECOVERY AND THEIR UNIQUE RESPONSE TO THEIR CARE AND ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES COLLECTIVELY CALLED "-OMICS" ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF BIOMOLECULES THAT CAN CAPTURE MANY POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS TO HETEROGENEITY OF INJURY/DISEASE COURSE AND OUTCOME. DUE TO THE NATURE OF INJURY AND COMPLEX DISEASE, AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY, AND RECOVERY, REHABILITATION DOES NOT LEND ITSELF TO A SINGULAR "PROTOCOLIZED" PLAN OF THERAPY. YET, BY NATURE AND BY NECESSITY, REHABILITATION MEDICINE OPERATES AS A FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF "PERSONALIZED CARE". THUS, THE CHALLENGE FOR SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS OF TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION CARE AND RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY VIABLE APPROACHES TO EXAMINE BROAD POPULATIONS, WITH VARIED IMPAIRMENTS AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, AND TO IDENTIFY EFFECTIVE TREATMENT RESPONSES THAT INCORPORATE PERSONALIZED PROTOCOLS TO OPTIMIZE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY. THE REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK IS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL THAT PROVIDES AN "-OMICS" OVERLAY TO THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF REHABILITATION PROCESSES AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL OUTCOMES. REHABILOMICS RESEARCH PROVIDES NOVEL OPPORTUNITIES TO EVALUATE THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF COMPLEX INJURY OR CHRONIC DISEASE AND CAN BE USED TO EXAMINE METHODS AND TREATMENTS FOR PERSON-CENTERED CARE AMONG POPULATIONS WITH DISABILITIES. EXEMPLARS FOR APPLICATION IN SCI AND OTHER NEUROREHABILITATION POPULATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  2900  34 GENDER BIAS IN THERAPEUTIC EFFORT: FROM RESEARCH TO HEALTH CARE. THERE ARE RELEVANT DIMENSIONS FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE RELATED TO THERAPEUTIC EFFORT. TO ILLUSTRATE AND DISCUSS POSSIBLE GENDER BIAS RELATED TO MEDICINES, THROUGH THE CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS IN WOMEN, THE PRESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL DRUGS ACCORDING TO SEX, THE POTENTIAL GENDER INEQUALITY IN ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS, AND RESEARCH WITH CLINICAL TRIALS, AS WELL AS THE DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS. THERE IS GREATER TENDENCY TO PRESCRIBE PAIN RELIEVERS, REGARDLESS OF PAIN, AND DRUGS FOR LOW INTENSITY DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN. THE OPPOSITE OCCURS IN THE PRESCRIPTION OF STATINS AND ADEQUATE DOSES, AND WITH THE GREATER PROBABILITY OF PRESCRIBING ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR IN MEN THAN IN WOMEN WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, DESPITE A SIMILAR DISEASE BURDEN. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ARE OBSERVED MORE FREQUENTLY IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN, WHERE DETERMINANTS SUCH AS BODY WEIGHT ARE HAVING LITTLE INFLUENCE ON THE DOSAGE. IT IS CURRENTLY SCARCELY CONSIDERED IN THE PRESCRIPTION THAT WOMEN HAVE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTIVITY OF CYTOCHROME CYPP450 ENZYMES, WHICH CAN AFFECT THE LIVER'S METABOLISM RATE. THERE ARE EVEN IMMUNOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS (DUE TO HEREDITY AND UNEVEN GENE DOSING LOCATED IN THE X AND Y CHROMOSOMES) THAT CAN INFLUENCE THESE DIFFERENCES BY SEX. FINALLY, THROUGH CASES OF HORMONAL THERAPY CLINICAL TRIALS, A DRUG FOR WOMEN'S INHIBITED SEXUAL DESIRE AND A CONTRACEPTIVE FOR MEN, GENDER BIAS AND STEREOTYPES ARE SHOWN TO INFLUENCE A POTENTIAL GENERATION OF INEQUALITIES, ESPECIALLY IN ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS TO THE DETRIMENT OF WOMEN. IN CONCLUSION, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FREQUENTLY ATTRIBUTE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS TO WOMEN'S EMOTIONALITY, INFLUENCING THEIR GREATER PRESCRIPTION OF SYMPTOMATIC DRUGS. WHETHER THE SAME REASON INFLUENCES THE LOWER PRESCRIPTION OF THERAPEUTIC DRUGS IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN SHOULD BE ANALYZED. THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS TO CONSIDER DUE TO THEIR INFLUENCE ON A GREATER PHARMACOLOGICAL TOXICITY IN WOMEN. CLINICAL TRIALS SHOULD IMPROVE ACCORDING TO THE GENDER RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE FOOD AND DRUGS ADMINISTRATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  3179  35 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
8  6903  24 [THE NEED OF PRENATAL PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVES IN POLAND]. THE AUTHOR EMPHASIZES THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE POLISH GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN THE FIELD OF IMPROVING THE HEALTH INDICATORS CONCERNING PERINATAL MORTALITY AMONG INFANTS DURING THE LAST TWO DECADES IN POLAND. ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN POLISH HEALTH CARE AFTER 1990, WHICH RESULTED IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CARE OF MOTHER AND CHILD. IT IS ALSO UNDERLINED THAT THE MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY CONTRIBUTED TO THE CREATION OF EARLY DETECTION SYSTEM OF BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER IN POLAND. HOWEVER IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT IN 'POLISH GYNECOLOGY' - THE PUBLICATION OF THE POLISH GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY - THE NUMBER OF REPORTS DEVOTED TO RISKY HEALTH BEHAVIORS OF WOMEN DURING PERICONCEPTIONAL PERIOD AND PREGNANCY IS SCARCE. THE AUTHOR DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WHO SMOKE CIGARETTES AND CONSUME ALCOHOL BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY EMPHASIS IS ALSO PLACED ON THE PROBLEM OF NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS (MAINLY PATHOLOGICAL METHODS OF DIETING) AMONG POLISH WOMEN DURING THE REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD AND IN THE FIRST WEEKS OF PREGNANCY (BEFORE THE PREGNANCY IS CONFIRMED). THESE ASPECTS MAY RESULT IN EPIGENETIC CHANGES SHAPING THE PHENOTYPE OF THE OFFSPRING. THE AUTHOR REFERS TO THE BARKER'S THEORY OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF ADULT DISEASES AND WARNS THAT THE ABOVE-MENTIONED HEALTH BEHAVIORS OF WOMEN MAY BRING ABOUT NEGATIVE EFFECTS FOR THE OFFSPRING AND FUTURE GENERATIONS, NAMELY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES: ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, OBESITY TYPE 2 DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. NEGATIVE EFFECTS FOR THE HEALTH OF OFFSPRING MAY ALSO RESULT FROM LOW LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF WOMEN BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO INTENSIFY THE EFFORTS OF THE POLISH GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN THE AREA OF PRENATAL PUBLIC HEALTH.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  1737  37 EARLY DETECTION OF ACCELERATED AGING AND CELLULAR DECLINE (AACD): A CONSENSUS STATEMENT. THE CELLULAR HALLMARKS OF ACCELERATED AGING AND THEIR CLINICAL EXPRESSION MAY BE GROUPED USING THE TERMS 'ACCELERATED AGING AND CELLULAR DECLINE' (AACD) AND/OR 'AGE-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR DECLINE'. THIS CONSTRUCT IS DESIGNED TO CAPTURE THE BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND PREDISPOSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED CONDITIONS. BY CLASSIFYING RISK FACTORS, EARLY INDICATORS, AND CLINICAL DIFFERENTIATORS OF AACD THROUGH EXPERT CONSENSUS, THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY THE SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND MARKERS INDICATIVE OF AACD. IN DOING SO, THIS WORK PAVES THE WAY FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AACD CONCEPT IN THE CLINICAL AND RESEARCH SETTINGS. AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PANEL OF EXPERTS WITH CLINICAL AND RESEARCH EXPERTISE WAS SELECTED TO PARTICIPATE IN A VIRTUAL WORKSHOP TO DISCUSS AACD. A MODIFIED NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO ESTABLISH CONSENSUS AMONG THE GROUP. AN EXTENDED GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS CRITICALLY REVIEWED AN EARLY DRAFT OF THE MANUSCRIPT, AND THEIR FEEDBACK WAS THEN INCORPORATED INTO THE MODEL. EXPERTS IDENTIFIED 13 FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO OR CLINICALLY MANIFESTING AACD. AMONG THESE, CHRONIC DISEASES, OBESITY, AND UNFAVORABLE GENETIC BACKGROUND WERE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST IMPORTANT. THERE WAS A CONSENSUS THAT A GRADUAL AND NONSPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT OFTEN CHARACTERIZES AACD, MAKING ITS CLINICAL DETECTION POTENTIALLY CHALLENGING. IN ADDITION, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS MIGHT HAVE MULTIFACTORIAL CAUSES AND OVERLAPPING ORIGINS, SUCH AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS. AS A RESULT, AN INITIAL CHECKLIST WAS OUTLINED, LISTING CLINICAL FACTORS OF SPECIAL RELEVANCE (E.G., FATIGUE, LOW QUALITY OF SLEEP, AND LOW MOOD) TO REPRESENT EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ORGANISM'S EXHAUSTION, WHICH ARE ALSO FREQUENTLY NEGLECTED IN THE CLINICAL SETTING. DIFFERENTIATING AACD FROM OTHER CONDITIONS IS ESSENTIAL. THE USE OF A COMBINATION OF BIOMARKERS WAS PROPOSED AS A VIABLE METHOD IN A TWO-STEP PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION: 1) IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY AACD CLINICAL INDICATORS, FOLLOWED BY 2) SYMPTOM AND BIOMARKER CONFIRMATION WITH A FOCUS ON SYSTEM DOMAINS (TO BE POTENTIALLY TARGETED BY FUTURE SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS). ALTHOUGH THE AACD CONSTRUCT IS NOT YET READY FOR ROUTINE USE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, ITS OPERATIONALIZATION MAY SUPPORT THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF AGE-RELATED CONDITIONS (WHEN THIS MIGHT STILL BE AMENABLE TO REVERSION) AND ALSO ENCOURAGE PREVENTATIVE INTERVENTIONS. FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED TO ESTABLISH SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS THAT CONFIRM INDEPENDENT RISK FACTORS FOR AACD AND PROVIDE A MORE DEFINITIVE STRUCTURE TO THE CONCEPT OF AACD (AND AGE-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR DECLINE).	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  6743  39 WHITHER THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS (AND SCOLIOGENY) OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS? INCORPORATING PRESENTATIONS ON SCOLIOGENY AT THE 2012 IRSSD AND SRS MEETINGS. THIS PAPER AIMS TO INTEGRATE INTO CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF AIS CAUSATION, ETIOPATHOGENETIC INFORMATION PRESENTED AT TWO MEETINGS DURING 2012 NAMELY, THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY OF SPINAL DEFORMITIES (IRSSD) AND THE SCOLIOSIS RESEARCH SOCIETY (SRS). THE ULTIMATE HOPE IS TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE OR PROGRESSION OF THE SPINAL DEFORMITY OF AIS WITH NON-INVASIVE TREATMENT, POSSIBLY MEDICAL. THIS MIGHT BE ATTAINED BY PERSONALISED POLYMECHANISTIC PREVENTIVE THERAPY TARGETING THE APPROPRIATE ETIOLOGY AND/OR ETIOPATHOGENETIC PATHWAYS, TO AVOID FUSION AND MAINTAIN SPINAL MOBILITY. ALTHOUGH CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS HAD BEEN MADE IN THE PAST TWO DECADES IN UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS (AIS), IT STILL LACKS AN AGREED THEORY OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS. ONE PROBLEM MAY BE THAT AIS RESULTS NOT FROM ONE CAUSE, BUT SEVERAL THAT INTERACT WITH VARIOUS GENETIC PREDISPOSING FACTORS. THERE IS A VIEW THERE ARE TWO OTHER PATHOGENIC PROCESSES FOR IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS NAMELY, INITIATING (OR INDUCING), AND THOSE THAT CAUSE CURVE PROGRESSION. TWIN STUDIES AND OBSERVATIONS OF FAMILY AGGREGATION HAVE REVEALED SIGNIFICANT GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS, THAT PLACE AIS AMONG OTHER COMMON DISEASE OR COMPLEX TRAITS WITH A HIGH HERITABILITY INTERPRETED BY THE GENETIC VARIANT HYPOTHESIS OF DISEASE. WE SUMMARIZE ETIOPATHOGENETIC KNOWLEDGE OF AIS AS THEORIES OF PATHOGENESIS INCLUDING RECENT MULTIPLE CONCEPTS, AND BLOOD TESTS FOR AIS BASED ON PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS AND GENETIC VARIANTS THAT SIGNIFY DISEASE RISK. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF AN UNDERLYING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER FOR AIS, RESEARCH WHICH HOLDS PROMISE. LIKE BRAIN RESEARCH, MOST AIS WORKERS FOCUS ON THEIR OWN CORNER AND THERE IS A NEED FOR GREATER INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH EFFORT. EPIGENETICS, A RELATIVELY RECENT FIELD, EVALUATES FACTORS CONCERNED WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT, DISEASE, NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGING, WITH A COMPLEX REGULATION ACROSS THE GENOME DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF LIFE. RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) INCLUDING ADIPOSITY, AFTER A SLOW START, HAS EXPLODED IN THE LAST DECADE. NOT SO FOR AIS RESEARCH AND THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE, EXCEPT FOR MONOZYGOTIC TWIN STUDIES, THERE ARE ONLY SPORADIC REPORTS TO SUGGEST THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE AT WORK IN ETIOLOGY. HERE, WE EXAMINE EPIGENETIC CONCEPTS AS THEY MAY RELATE TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NORMAL LIFE HISTORY PHASES AND AIS PATHOGENESIS. ALTHOUGH AIS IS NOT REGARDED AS AN NCD, LIKE THEM, IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHOLE ORGANISM METABOLIC PHENOMENA, INCLUDING LOWER BODY MASS INDEX, LOWER CIRCULATING LEPTIN LEVELS AND OTHER SYSTEMIC DISORDERS. SOME EPIGENETIC RESEARCH APPLIED TO SILVER-RUSSELL SYNDROME AND ADIPOSITY IS EXAMINED, FROM WHICH SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR CONSIDERATION OF AIS EPIGENETIC RESEARCH, CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL. THE WORD SCOLIOGENY IS SUGGESTED TO INCLUDE ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOMECHANISM.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11   933  32 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) HAVE EVOLVED OVER TIME, BUT CURRENT INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES DEFINE THIS CONDITION AS DECREASED KIDNEY FUNCTION SHOWN BY GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR) OF LESS THAN 60 ML/MIN PER 1.73 M(2), OR MARKERS OF KIDNEY DAMAGE, OR BOTH, OF AT LEAST 3 MONTHS DURATION, REGARDLESS OF THE UNDERLYING CAUSE. DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF CKD IN ALL HIGH-INCOME AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, AND ALSO IN MANY LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES. INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND PROGRESSION OF CKD ALSO VARY WITHIN COUNTRIES BY ETHNICITY AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, POSSIBLY THROUGH EPIGENETIC INFLUENCE. MANY PEOPLE ARE ASYMPTOMATIC OR HAVE NON-SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS SUCH AS LETHARGY, ITCH, OR LOSS OF APPETITE. DIAGNOSIS IS COMMONLY MADE AFTER CHANCE FINDINGS FROM SCREENING TESTS (URINARY DIPSTICK OR BLOOD TESTS), OR WHEN SYMPTOMS BECOME SEVERE. THE BEST AVAILABLE INDICATOR OF OVERALL KIDNEY FUNCTION IS GFR, WHICH IS MEASURED EITHER VIA EXOGENOUS MARKERS (EG, DTPA, IOHEXOL), OR ESTIMATED USING EQUATIONS. PRESENCE OF PROTEINURIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF PROGRESSION OF CKD AND DEATH. KIDNEY BIOPSY SAMPLES CAN SHOW DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE OF CKD, THROUGH COMMON CHANGES SUCH AS GLOMERULAR SCLEROSIS, TUBULAR ATROPHY, AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS. COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE ANAEMIA DUE TO REDUCED PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN BY THE KIDNEY; REDUCED RED BLOOD CELL SURVIVAL AND IRON DEFICIENCY; AND MINERAL BONE DISEASE CAUSED BY DISTURBED VITAMIN D, CALCIUM, AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM. PEOPLE WITH CKD ARE FIVE TO TEN TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE PREMATURELY THAN THEY ARE TO PROGRESS TO END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE. THIS INCREASED RISK OF DEATH RISES EXPONENTIALLY AS KIDNEY FUNCTION WORSENS AND IS LARGELY ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEATH FROM CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ALTHOUGH CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY ARE ALSO INCREASED. HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IS SUBSTANTIALLY LOWER FOR PEOPLE WITH CKD THAN FOR THE GENERAL POPULATION, AND FALLS AS GFR DECLINES. INTERVENTIONS TARGETING SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS, OR AIMED AT SUPPORTING EDUCATIONAL OR LIFESTYLE CONSIDERATIONS, MAKE A POSITIVE DIFFERENCE TO PEOPLE LIVING WITH CKD. INEQUITY IN ACCESS TO SERVICES FOR THIS DISEASE DISPROPORTIONALLY AFFECTS DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS, AND HEALTH SERVICE PROVISION TO INCENTIVISE EARLY INTERVENTION OVER PROVISION OF CARE ONLY FOR ADVANCED CKD IS STILL EVOLVING IN MANY COUNTRIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12  4017  35 LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE REDUCES ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. AIM: TO DETERMINE, USING A MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY, WHETHER LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE PREVENTS OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). METHODS: FROM 8 WEEKS OF AGE, MALE C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) OR CHOW, WITH OR WITHOUT LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE (25 MG/L) IN DRINKING WATER, FOR 24 WEEKS. BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC VARIABLES, RENAL FUNCTION AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES, RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, DNA METHYLATION PROFILE AND MARKERS OF RENAL FIBROSIS, INJURY, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE ASSESSED. RESULTS: THE HFD-FED MICE DEVELOPED OBESITY, WITH GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE, HYPERINSULINAEMIA AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA. OBESITY INCREASED ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, WHICH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY AMELIORATED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE IN THE ABSENCE OF A BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING EFFECT. OBESITY INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND THIS WAS ATTENUATED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE. HFD-INDUCED CHANGES IN METHYLATION OF INDIVIDUAL LOCI WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE. OBESE MICE DEMONSTRATED INCREASED MARKERS OF KIDNEY FIBROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, BUT THESE MARKERS WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED BY HYDRALAZINE. CONCLUSION: LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE AMELIORATED HFD-INDUCED ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ALTERATIONS IN BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC VARIABLES OR BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION. ALTHOUGH THE PRECISE MECHANISM OF RENOPROTECTION IN OBESITY IS UNCLEAR, AN EPIGENETIC BASIS MAY BE IMPLICATED. THESE DATA SUPPORT REPURPOSING HYDRALAZINE AS A NOVEL THERAPY TO PREVENT CKD PROGRESSION IN OBESE PATIENTS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  6742  35 WHITHER THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS (AND SCOLIOGENY) OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS? ALTHOUGH CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS HAD BEEN MADE IN THE PAST TWO DECADES IN UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS (AIS), IT STILL LACKS AN AGREED THEORY OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS. ONE PROBLEM MAY BE THAT AIS RESULTS NOT FROM ONE CAUSE, BUT SEVERAL THAT INTERACT WITH VARIOUS GENETIC PREDISPOSING FACTORS. THERE IS A VIEW THERE ARE TWO OTHER PATHOGENIC PROCESSES FOR IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS NAMELY, INITIATING (OR INDUCING), AND THOSE THAT CAUSE CURVE PROGRESSION. TWIN STUDIES AND OBSERVATIONS OF FAMILY AGGREGATION HAVE REVEALED SIGNIFICANT GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS, THAT PLACE AIS AMONG OTHER COMMON DISEASE OR COMPLEX TRAITS WITH A HIGH HERITABILITY INTERPRETED BY THE GENETIC VARIANT HYPOTHESIS OF DISEASE. WE SUMMARIZE ETIOPATHOGENETIC KNOWLEDGE OF AIS AS THEORIES OF PATHOGENESIS INCLUDING RECENT MULTIPLE CONCEPTS, AND BLOOD TESTS FOR AIS BASED ON PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS AND GENETIC VARIANTS THAT SIGNIFY DISEASE RISK. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF AN UNDERLYING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER FOR AIS, RESEARCH WHICH HOLDS PROMISE. LIKE BRAIN RESEARCH, MOST AIS WORKERS FOCUS ON THEIR OWN CORNER AND THERE IS A NEED FOR GREATER INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH EFFORT. EPIGENETICS, A RELATIVELY RECENT FIELD, EVALUATES FACTORS CONCERNED WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT, DISEASE, NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGING, WITH A COMPLEX REGULATION ACROSS THE GENOME DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF LIFE. RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) INCLUDING ADIPOSITY, AFTER A SLOW START, HAS EXPLODED IN THE LAST DECADE. NOT SO FOR AIS RESEARCH AND THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE, EXCEPT FOR MONOZYGOTIC TWIN STUDIES, THERE ARE ONLY SPORADIC REPORTS TO SUGGEST THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE AT WORK IN ETIOLOGY. HERE, WE EXAMINE EPIGENETIC CONCEPTS AS THEY MAY RELATE TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NORMAL LIFE HISTORY PHASES AND AIS PATHOGENESIS. ALTHOUGH AIS IS NOT REGARDED AS AN NCD, LIKE THEM, IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHOLE ORGANISM METABOLIC PHENOMENA, INCLUDING LOWER BODY MASS INDEX, LOWER CIRCULATING LEPTIN LEVELS AND OTHER SYSTEMIC DISORDERS. SOME EPIGENETIC RESEARCH APPLIED TO SILVER-RUSSELL SYNDROME AND ADIPOSITY IS EXAMINED, FROM WHICH SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR CONSIDERATION OF AIS EPIGENETIC RESEARCH, CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL. THE WORD SCOLIOGENY IS SUGGESTED TO INCLUDE ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOMECHANISM.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14  6682  27 UTERINE LEIOMYOMA: AVAILABLE MEDICAL TREATMENTS AND NEW POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS. CONTEXT: UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS (FIBROIDS OR MYOMAS) ARE BENIGN TUMORS OF THE UTERUS AND ARE CLINICALLY APPARENT IN UP TO 25% OF REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN. HEAVY OR ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING, PELVIC PAIN OR PRESSURE, INFERTILITY, AND RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS ARE GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LEIOMYOMA. ALTHOUGH SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL THERAPIES ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THIS TUMOR, MEDICAL THERAPIES ARE CONSIDERED THE FIRST-LINE TREATMENT OF LEIOMYOMA. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS: A REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED OF ELECTRONIC AND PRINT DATA COMPRISING BOTH ORIGINAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICAL TREATMENTS OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMA RETRIEVED FROM THE PUBMED OR GOOGLE SCHOLAR DATABASE UP TO JUNE 2012. THESE RESOURCES WERE INTEGRATED WITH THE AUTHORS' KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELD. CONCLUSION: TO DATE, SEVERAL PATHOGENETIC FACTORS SUCH AS GENETIC FACTORS, EPIGENETIC FACTORS, ESTROGENS, PROGESTERONE, GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN LEIOMYOMA DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH. ON THE BASIS OF CURRENT HYPOTHESES, SEVERAL MEDICAL THERAPIES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. GNRH AGONIST HAS BEEN APPROVED BY US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION FOR REDUCING FIBROID VOLUME AND RELATED SYMPTOMS. IN ADDITION, THE FDA ALSO APPROVED AN INTRAUTERINE DEVICE, LEVONORGESTREL-RELEASING INTRAUTERINE SYSTEM (MIRENA), FOR ADDITIONAL USE TO TREAT HEAVY MENSTRUAL BLEEDING IN INTRAUTERINE DEVICE USERS ONLY. CURRENTLY, MIFEPRISTONE, ASOPRISNIL, ULIPRISTAL ACETATE, AND EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE FOR FIBROID REGRESSION AND SYMPTOMATIC IMPROVEMENT WHICH ARE ALL IN CLINICAL TRIAL. IN ADDITION, SOME SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL COMPOUNDS AS WELL AS GROWTH FACTOR INHIBITORS ARE NOW UNDER LABORATORY INVESTIGATION, AND THEY COULD SERVE AS FUTURE THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  3502  45 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES: PROTOCOL FOR A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION RELATES TO THE EXCESS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF THIS GROUP. RATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ARE MUCH HIGHER IN PEOPLE WITH BOTH DIABETES AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION THAN IN THOSE WITH ONLY ONE OF THESE CONDITIONS. BY THE TIME THESE PEOPLE ARE IDENTIFIED IN CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE, PROTEINURIA AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION ARE ALREADY ESTABLISHED, LIMITING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. THE IDENTIFICATION OF AN EPIGENETIC OR BLOOD METABOLITE SIGNATURE OR GUT MICROBIOME PROFILE MAY IDENTIFY THOSE WITH DIABETES AT RISK OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, IN TURN PROVIDING TARGETED INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES. OBJECTIVE: THIS STUDY AIMS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSIVE RENAL INJURY AND TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THREE SOURCES OF BIOMARKERS WILL BE EXPLORED, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES, THE METABOLOMIC PROFILE OF BLOOD-DERIVED PLASMA AND URINE, AND THE GUT MICROBIOME. METHODS: THE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY RECRUITED 121 PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND VARYING STAGES (STAGES 1-5) OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. SINGLE-POINT DATA COLLECTION INCLUDED BLOOD, URINE, AND FECAL SAMPLES IN ADDITION TO CLINICAL DATA SUCH AS ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM MEDICAL RECORDS INCLUDED PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS, MEDICAL COMORBIDITIES, AND MEDICATIONS. RESULTS: DATA COLLECTION COMMENCED IN JANUARY 2018 AND WAS COMPLETED IN JUNE 2018. AT THE TIME OF SUBMISSION, 121 PATIENTS HAD BEEN RECRUITED, AND 119 SAMPLES REMAINED AFTER QUALITY CONTROL. THERE WERE 83 PARTICIPANTS IN THE EARLY DIABETES-ASSOCIATED CKD GROUP WITH A MEAN ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR) OF 61.2 ML/MIN/1.73 M2 (EARLY CKD GROUP CONSISTING OF STAGE 1, 2, AND 3A CKD), AND 36 PARTICIPANTS IN THE LATE DIABETIC CKD GROUP WITH A MEAN EGFR OF 23.9 ML/MIN/1.73 M2 (LATE CKD GROUP, CONSISTING OF STAGE 3B, 4, AND 5), P<.001. WE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY OBTAINED DNA FOR METHYLATION AND MICROBIOME ANALYSES USING THE BIOSPECIMENS COLLECTED VIA THIS PROTOCOL AND ARE CURRENTLY ANALYZING THESE RESULTS TOGETHER WITH THE METABOLOME OF THIS COHORT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETIC CKD. CONCLUSIONS: RECENT ADVANCES HAVE IMPROVED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENOME, METABOLOMICS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON THE INCIDENCE OF DISEASES SUCH AS CANCERS, PARTICULARLY THOSE RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. HOWEVER, THERE IS A PAUCITY OF LITERATURE SURROUNDING THESE INFLUENCERS IN RENAL DISEASE. THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CKD IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES, ESPECIALLY IN NOVEL AREAS SUCH AS EPIGENETICS, METABOLOMICS, AND THE KIDNEY-GUT AXIS. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/16277.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  4066  28 MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION AS AN INDICATOR OF OFFSPRING METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN LATER LIFE THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. AIMS: THIS REVIEW EXAMINED WHETHER MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION EFFECTS AN OFFSPRING'S LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC METABOLIC RELATED CONDITIONS DUE TO EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN MULTIPLE SCIENCE DATABASES AND LIMITED TO STUDIES PUBLISHED AFTER 2012, IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND PEER REVIEWED. THE DATA FROM SELECTED ARTICLES WERE EXTRACTED AND A QUALITATIVE APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED DUE TO HETEROGENEITY OF RESULTS. RESULTS: NEWBORNS FROM OBESE FATHERS SHOWED ALTERED METHYLATION OVERALL AND SIGNIFICANT HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 (IGF2) GENE. HIGH MATERNAL PRE-PREGNANCY BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED OFFSPRING DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS INDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED METHYLATION LEVELS IN OFFSPRING. GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CORD BLOOD. BIRTH WEIGHT WAS HIGHER IN OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO FAMINE IN EARLY GESTATION. OFFSPRING BORN POST MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY SHOWED A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT AND IMPROVED FASTING INSULIN LEVELS COMPARED TO SIBLINGS BORN PRE-MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY. CONCLUSIONS: THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT POOR MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING, THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. POTENTIAL PARENTS SHOULD BE ADVISED THAT MAINTAINING A HEALTHY DIET AND BMI IS LIKELY TO REDUCE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17  2734  26 EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE MEASURES AND PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN WITH EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER. PURPOSE: THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK HAS BEEN ACKNOWLEDGED AS AN INDICATOR FOR MOLECULAR AGING, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED POSSIBLE ASSOCIATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AGE OR AGE ACCELERATION (AA) WITH SYMPTOM BURDEN IN INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE TREATED FOR CANCER. THIS STUDY EXPLORED THE ASSOCIATION OF DNAM AGE OR AA WITH PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL (PN) SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISTURBANCES, PAIN, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS OVER A 2-YEAR PERIOD. METHODS: WE MEASURED PN SYMPTOMS USING RELIABLE INSTRUMENTS AND DNAM LEVELS BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP (N = 72). DNAM AGE WAS CALCULATED BY THE HORVATH, GRIM, AND HANNUM-BASED INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC AGE ESTIMATIONS. AA WAS DEFINED BY THE RESIDUAL REGRESSING ESTIMATED EPIGENETIC AGE ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. MIXED REGRESSION MODELS WERE FITTED FOR AA AND CHANGES IN AA TO STUDY THE ASSOCIATION OVER TIME. SEPARATE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS AND A MIXED-EFFECTS MODEL WERE FITTED FOR AA AT EACH TIME POINT. RESULTS: HORVATH-AA, GRIM-AA, AND EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED OVER TIME, WHILE INTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA DID NOT EXHIBIT ANY TEMPORAL CHANGES. INCREASED AA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY AND FATIGUE, AS WELL AS WORSE COGNITIVE MEMORY, ADJUSTING FOR RACE, BMI, INCOME, CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIATION THERAPY, AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. INCREASED DNAM AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY OVER 2 YEARS. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST DNAM AGE AND AA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH PN SYMPTOMS OVER THE COURSE OF CANCER TREATMENT AND SURVIVORSHIP. SOME PN SYMPTOMS MAY BE AMENABLE TO PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS TARGETED TO EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THAT INFLUENCE AGING-ASSOCIATED PROCESSES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  1887  39 ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY IN WOMEN OF ADVANCED AGE: AN UNDERRATED FACTOR IN INFERTILITY. BACKGROUND: MODERN LIFESTYLE HAS LED TO AN INCREASE IN THE AGE AT CONCEPTION. ADVANCED AGE IS ONE OF THE CRITICAL RISK FACTORS FOR FEMALE-RELATED INFERTILITY. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT MATERNAL AGE POSITIVELY CORRELATES WITH THE DETERIORATION OF OOCYTE QUALITY AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN OOCYTES AND EMBRYOS. THE EFFECT OF AGE ON ENDOMETRIAL FUNCTION MAY BE AN EQUALLY IMPORTANT FACTOR INFLUENCING IMPLANTATION RATE, PREGNANCY RATE, AND OVERALL FEMALE FERTILITY. HOWEVER, THERE ARE ONLY A FEW PUBLISHED STUDIES ON THIS TOPIC, SUGGESTING THAT THIS AREA HAS BEEN UNDER-EXPLORED. IMPROVING OUR KNOWLEDGE OF ENDOMETRIAL AGING FROM THE BIOLOGICAL (CELLULAR, MOLECULAR, HISTOLOGICAL) AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES WOULD BROADEN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE RISKS OF AGE-RELATED FEMALE INFERTILITY. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW IS TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON ENDOMETRIAL AGING WITH A FOCUS ON SYNTHESIZING THE EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPACT OF ENDOMETRIAL AGING ON CONCEPTION AND PREGNANCY SUCCESS. THIS WOULD PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO EXISTING GAPS IN THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS AND PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT OPTIONS IN THIS FIELD. SEARCH METHODS: THE REVIEW WAS PREPARED USING PUBMED (MEDLINE) UNTIL FEBRUARY 2023 WITH THE KEYWORDS SUCH AS 'ENDOMETRIAL AGING', 'RECEPTIVITY', 'DECIDUALIZATION', 'HORMONE', 'SENESCENCE', 'CELLULAR', 'MOLECULAR', 'METHYLATION', 'BIOLOGICAL AGE', 'EPIGENETIC', 'OOCYTE RECIPIENT', 'OOCYTE DONATION', 'EMBRYO TRANSFER', AND 'PREGNANCY RATE'. ARTICLES IN A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH WERE EXCLUDED. OUTCOMES: IN THE AGING ENDOMETRIUM, ALTERATIONS OCCUR AT THE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND HISTOLOGICAL LEVELS SUGGESTING THAT AGING HAS A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON ENDOMETRIAL BIOLOGY AND MAY IMPAIR ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY. ADDITIONALLY, ADVANCED AGE INFLUENCES CELLULAR SENESCENCE, WHICH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF IMPLANTATION AND IS A MAJOR OBSTACLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE SENOLYTIC AGENTS FOR ENDOMETRIAL AGING. AGING IS ALSO ACCOUNTABLE FOR CHRONIC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMAGING, WHICH EVENTUALLY CAN LEAD TO INCREASED PRO-INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE FIBROSIS. FURTHERMORE, ADVANCED AGE INFLUENCES EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN THE ENDOMETRIUM, THUS ALTERING THE RELATION BETWEEN ITS EPIGENETIC AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. THE STUDIES IN OOCYTE DONATION CYCLES TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF AGE ON ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY WITH RESPECT TO THE RATES OF IMPLANTATION, CLINICAL PREGNANCY, MISCARRIAGE, AND LIVE BIRTH HAVE REVEALED CONTRADICTORY INFERENCES INDICATING THE NEED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISMS AND CORRESPONDING CAUSAL EFFECTS OF WOMEN'S AGE ON ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: INCREASING AGE CAN BE ACCOUNTABLE FOR FEMALE INFERTILITY AND IVF FAILURES. BASED ON THE COMPLIED OBSERVATIONS AND SYNTHESIZED CONCLUSIONS IN THIS REVIEW, ADVANCED AGE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON ENDOMETRIAL FUNCTIONING. THIS INFORMATION CAN PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH FOCUSING ON MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AGE-RELATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CELLULAR COMPOSITION, AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC CHANGES IN RELATION TO ENDOMETRIAL AGING. ADDITIONALLY, FURTHER PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO EXPLORE NEWLY EMERGING THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS, SUCH AS THE SENOLYTIC AGENTS THAT CAN TARGET ENDOMETRIAL AGING WITHOUT AFFECTING DECIDUALIZATION. MOREOVER, CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOLS, FOCUSING ON OOCYTE DONATION CYCLES, WOULD BE BENEFICIAL IN UNDERSTANDING THE DIRECT CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ENDOMETRIAL AGING ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES.	2023	

19  4724  27 NONINVASIVE MULTIMODAL METHODS TO DIFFERENTIATE INFLAMED VS FIBROTIC STRICTURES IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. FIBROTIC STRICTURES OCCUR IN 30% OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE (CD). HOWEVER, THERE ARE NO THERAPEUTIC AGENTS THAT PREVENT OR REVERSE FIBROTIC STRICTURES. STRICTURES ARE TREATED BY ENDOSCOPIC DILATATION PROCEDURES AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES, BUT THERE ARE HIGH RATES OF RECURRENCE. TWO ANTIFIBROTIC AGENTS (NINTEDANIB AND PIRFENIDONE) RECENTLY WERE APPROVED FOR THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND INHIBITORS OF RHO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASES 1 AND 2 REVERSED FIBROSIS IN MICE WITH CHRONIC INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION. CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) ENTEROGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ENTEROGRAPHY, AND BOWEL ULTRASOUND, ARE USED TO ASSESS SMALL-BOWEL AND CD-RELATED COMPLICATIONS, INCLUDING STRICTURES. IT IS IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN STRICTURES TO SELECT THE BEST THERAPY; THIS CAN BE A CHALLENGE BECAUSE INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS CO-EXIST TO VARYING DEGREES IN A DAMAGED BOWEL SEGMENT. DELAYED GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT, MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER MR IMAGING, AND ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY SEEM TO BE PROMISING TOOLS FOR ASSESSING FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CD. WE REVIEW NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUES FOR FIBROSIS ASSESSMENT, INCLUDING ANALYSES OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND PROTEIN MARKERS. WE DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL OF IMAGING TECHNIQUES SUCH AS DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED AND MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER MR IMAGING, STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY, SHEAR-WAVE IMAGING, AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY TO GUIDE THERAPEUTIC DECISIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH STRICTURING CD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20  4752  31 NOVEL ROLE OF GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE IN LIMITING MATERNAL AND DIETARY OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: MATERNAL OBESITY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN OFFSPRING, UNDERPINNING THE THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PROGRAMMING OF ADULT CHRONIC DISEASE BY MATERNAL OBESITY, THEREFORE, DNA DEMETHYLATING AGENTS MAY MITIGATE OFFSPRING RISK OF DISEASE. IN RODENT MODELS, LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN TO REDUCE RENAL FIBROSIS VIA DNA DEMETHYLATION. WE USED MOUSE MODELS OF MATERNAL OBESITY AND OFFSPRING OBESITY TO DETERMINE WHETHER ADMINISTRATION OF LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE DURING GESTATION CAN PREVENT FETAL PROGRAMMING OF CKD IN OFFSPRING. METHODS: FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED HIGH FAT DIET (HFD) OR CHOW PRIOR TO MATING, DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. DURING GESTATION, DAMS RECEIVED SUBCUTANEOUS HYDRALAZINE (5 MG/KG) OR SALINE THRICE-WEEKLY. MALE OFFSPRING WEANED TO HFD OR CHOW, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL ENDPOINT AT 32 WEEKS. BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS, RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, RENAL FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES, AND RENAL MARKERS OF FIBROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE ASSESSED AT ENDPOINT. RESULTS: OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO MATERNAL OBESITY OR DIET-INDUCED OBESITY HAD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, TOGETHER WITH OTHER ADVERSE RENAL EFFECTS INCLUDING ALBUMINURIA, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, RENAL FIBROSIS, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE HAD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. IN OBESE OFFSPRING OF OBESE MOTHERS, GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED ALBUMINURIA, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, AND SERUM CREATININE. OBESE OFFSPRING OF HYDRALAZINE-TREATED LEAN MOTHERS DISPLAYED REDUCED MARKERS OF RENAL FIBROSIS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. CONCLUSION: GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE DECREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND EXERTED RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS IN OFFSPRING. THIS SUPPORTS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF HYDRALAZINE IN PREVENTING MATERNAL OBESITY OR DIETARY OBESITY-RELATED CKD, THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM.	2021