1  2630 148 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IDENTIFIES NOVEL LOCI IN U.S. MILITARY VETERANS. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) IS A CHRONIC AND DISABLING PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER PREVALENT IN MILITARY VETERANS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF PTSD, WITH DNA METHYLATION BEING THE MOST STUDIED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS DISORDER. WE PERFORMED ONE OF THE LARGEST SINGLE-SAMPLE EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) OF PTSD TO DATE. OUR SAMPLE INCLUDED 1135 MALE EUROPEAN-AMERICAN U.S. VETERANS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE IN VETERANS STUDY (NHRVS). DNA WAS COLLECTED FROM SALIVA SAMPLES AND THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION EPIC BEADCHIP WAS USED FOR THE METHYLATION ANALYSIS. PTSD WAS ASSESSED USING THE PTSD CHECKLIST. AN EWAS WAS CONDUCTED USING LINEAR REGRESSION ADJUSTED FOR AGE, CELL-TYPE PROPORTIONS, FIRST 10 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS, AND SMOKING STATUS. AFTER BONFERRONI CORRECTION, WE IDENTIFIED SIX GENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANT (GWS) CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH PAST-MONTH PTSD AND THREE CPGS WITH LIFETIME PTSD (P(RANGE) = 10(-10)-10(-8)). THESE CPG SITES MAP TO GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNE FUNCTION, TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION, AXONAL GUIDANCE, CELL SIGNALING, AND PROTEIN BINDING. AMONG THESE, SENP7, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION AND HAS BEEN LINKED TO RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES, REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT VETERAN COHORT AND WAS DOWNREGULATED IN MEDIAL ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX OF PTSD POSTMORTEM BRAIN TISSUE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF PTSD THAT MAY HELP INFORM THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THIS DISORDER IN VETERANS AND OTHER TRAUMA-AFFECTED POPULATIONS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2   993  32 CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES PERSISTENT CHANGES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX, ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX, AND HIPPOCAMPUS. CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PLETHORA OF COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS EMOTIONAL DYSREGULATION AND IMPAIRED EXECUTIVE FUNCTION THAT HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO MODIFICATIONS IN NEUROANATOMY IN THE ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX (OFC), MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), AND HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC). WHILE MANY STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN NEURONAL MORPHOLOGY, SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, AND CELLULAR FUNCTION, THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE INVESTIGATION INTO PERSISTENT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THESE CHANGES. THIS STUDY EXPOSED ADULT RATS TO A CHRONIC STRESSOR AND THEN EXAMINED CHANGES IN MRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN THE OFC, MPFC AND HPC FOLLOWING A TWO-WEEK WITHDRAWAL PERIOD. MRNA BIO-SEQUENCING RESULTS REVEALED SEX- AND REGION-DEPENDENT CHANGES. SURPRISINGLY THE GREATEST CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WERE FOUND IN THE OFC, AND SIMILAR TO ANATOMICAL STUDIES, ANALYSIS OF GENE CHANGES WITH INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS SOFTWARE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE MPFC AND OFC EXHIBITED CONTRASTING ACTIVATION OF CANONICAL PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS. THE HPC DEMONSTRATED THE LARGEST DEGREE OF SEX-DEPENDENT CHANGE IN GENE EXPRESSION. IN GENERAL, CHRONIC STRESS INDUCED PERSISTENT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE THREE BRAIN REGIONS WE EXAMINED AND THESE CHANGES COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMMONLY REPORTED COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS. THE CURRENT STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE REGION- AND SEX-DEPENDENT NATURE OF THE BRAIN'S RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS AND THE DIFFICULTY WE FACE WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DEVELOP TREATMENT OPTIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
3   325  39 ALLELE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF FKBP5 IS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. BACKGROUND: FK506-BINDING PROTEIN 5 (FKBP5) BINDS TO GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS AND MODULATES GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY. THE FKBP5 GENE HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DYSREGULATION OF HUMAN STRESS RESPONSES, CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK AND TREATMENT RESPONSE OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FKBP5 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) STATUS IN THE CONTEXT OF FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION (RS1360780 POLYMORPHISM) AMONG MALE VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. METHODS: KOREAN MALE VETERANS WHO SERVED ON ACTIVE DUTY DURING THE VIETNAM WAR WERE CATEGORIZED INTO 2 GROUPS: WITH PTSD (N = 123) AND WITHOUT PTSD (N = 116). THE GENOTYPE OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF TWO CPG SITES AT THE FKBP5 INTRON 7 REGION WERE ASSESSED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE MAIN AND INTERACTION EFFECTS OF PTSD STATUS AND FKBP5 GENOTYPE ON FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL, WITH AGE, TRAUMA LEVELS, AND ALCOHOL USE AS COVARIATES. RESULTS: A SIGNIFICANT MAIN EFFECT OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND PTSD AND AN INTERACTION EFFECT BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND PTSD STATUS WERE FOUND ON MEAN FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. THE T ALLELE OF RS1360780 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVEL. IN ADDITION, THE PTSD GROUP SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION THAN DID THE NON-PTSD GROUP AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE RISK T ALLELE (N = 96), WHILE NO GROUP DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED ON METHYLATION LEVELS AMONG VETERANS WITH THE CC GENOTYPE (N = 143). AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE T ALLELE, FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PTSD SYMPTOMS. CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATED DIFFERENT FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS IN PTSD DEPENDING ON FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION AMONG VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. THE PRESENT FINDING SUGGESTS THAT THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF FKBP5 IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PTSD. FURTHER LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH INVOLVING PEOPLE EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF FKBP5 IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOVERY OF PTSD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  4632  33 NEUROIMAGING GENETIC APPROACHES TO POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. NEUROIMAGING GENETIC STUDIES THAT ASSOCIATE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION WITH NEURAL ACTIVITY OR STRUCTURE PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO LINK GENES TO PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, OFTEN BEFORE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IS DISCERNABLE IN BEHAVIOR. HERE WE REVIEW NEUROIMAGING GENETICS STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO HAVE POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD). RESULTS SHOW THAT GENES RELATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE (E.G., GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AND ACTIVITY, NEUROENDOCRINE RELEASE), LEARNING AND MEMORY (E.G., PLASTICITY), MOOD, AND PAIN PERCEPTION ARE TIED TO NEURAL INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH PTSD. THESE GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AND SOMETIMES PREDICT NEURAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AREAS INVOLVED IN ATTENTION, EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, MEMORY, DECISION-MAKING, EMOTION REGULATION, SALIENCE OF POTENTIAL THREATS, AND PAIN PERCEPTION. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THESE RISK POLYMORPHISMS AND NEURAL INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES ARE VULNERABILITIES TOWARD DEVELOPING PTSD IN THE AFTERMATH OF TRAUMA, OR VULNERABILITIES TOWARD PARTICULAR SYMPTOMS ONCE PTSD HAS DEVELOPED. WORK DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE RE-EXPERIENCING AND DISSOCIATIVE SUB-TYPES OF PTSD, AND EXAMINING OTHER PTSD SYMPTOM CLUSTERS IN ADDITION TO THE RE-EXPERIENCING AND HYPERAROUSAL SYMPTOMS, WILL FURTHER CLARIFY NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND INCONSISTENT FINDINGS. FURTHERMORE, AN EXCITING POSSIBILITY IS THAT GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH PTSD MAY EVENTUALLY BE UNDERSTOOD THROUGH DIFFERENTIAL INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES OF NEURAL CIRCUIT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, POSSIBLY UNDERLYING THE DIFFERENT SYMPTOM CLUSTERS SEEN WITHIN PTSD.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  5749  29 SOCIAL DEFEAT INDUCES CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AND DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE STRESS RESPONSE OR RESILIENCE TO CHRONIC STRESS. WE INVESTIGATED HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SEVEN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS: THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC), VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (VHPC), MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA), LOCUS COERULEUS (LC), PARAVENTRICULAR THALAMUS (PVT), AND DORSAL RAPHE (DR) NUCLEUS. THIS STRESS PARADIGM WAS UNIQUE IN THAT IT ALLOWED RATS TO DISPLAY RESILIENCE IN THE FORM OF AN ACTIVE COPING MECHANISM. WE FOUND THAT THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN ACETYLATION OF H3K9/14 (H3K9/14AC) AND BULK ACETYLATION OF H4K5,8,12,16 (H4K5,8,12,16AC) IN THE DR NUCLEUS OF RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT. LESS RESILIENT RATS ALSO DISPLAYED INCREASED LEVELS OF H3K18 ACETYLATION (H3K18AC) IN THE MPFC WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. IN THE VHPC, THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN H3K18AC AND H4K12 (H4K12AC) IN RATS THAT WERE LESS RESILIENT WHEN COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED CONTROL RATS. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS A DECREASE IN LEVELS OF H4K8 ACETYLATION (H4K8AC) IN BOTH RESILIENT AND NON-RESILIENT RATS AS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. WE ASSESSED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE VHPC AND THE MPFC USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AND FOUND CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF TARGETS. THESE INCLUDED CHANGES IN SIRT1 AND SIRT2 IN THE VHPC AND CHANGES IN KAT5 IN THE MPFC. OVERALL, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THESE REGIONS CORRELATE WITH THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN SOCIALLY DEFEATED RATS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  2423  39 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OF SMOKING IN FIVE BRAIN REGIONS. (1) BACKGROUND: EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE REPEATEDLY FOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TOBACCO SMOKING AND ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT DNAM SIGNATURES OF SMOKING IN THE HUMAN BRAIN, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR OBSERVED IN CHRONIC SMOKERS. (2) METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE SIMILARITY OF DNAM SIGNATURES IN MATCHED BLOOD AND POSTMORTEM BRAIN SAMPLES (N = 10). IN ADDITION, WE PERFORMED EWASS IN FIVE BRAIN REGIONS BELONGING TO THE NEUROCIRCUITRY OF ADDICTION: ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX (ACC), BRODMANN AREA 9, CAUDATE NUCLEUS, PUTAMEN, AND VENTRAL STRIATUM (N = 38-72). (3) RESULTS: CG15925993 WITHIN THE LOC339975 GENE WAS EPIGENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANT IN THE ACC. OF 16 IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS, TWO (PRSS50 AND LINC00612/A2M-AS1) OVERLAPPED BETWEEN MULTIPLE BRAIN REGIONS. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT WAS DETECTED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES RELATED TO NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT, INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING AND IMMUNE CELL MIGRATION. ADDITIONALLY, OUR RESULTS INDICATE THE ASSOCIATION OF THE WELL-KNOWN AHRR CPG SITE CG05575921 WITH SMOKING IN THE BRAIN. (4) CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY PROVIDES FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE STRONG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABERRANT DNAM AND SMOKING.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7  2123  43 EPIGENETIC IMPACTS OF STRESS PRIMING OF THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SARIN SURROGATE IN MICE: A MODEL OF GULF WAR ILLNESS. BACKGROUND: GULF WAR ILLNESS (GWI) IS AN ARCHETYPAL, MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED, CHRONIC CONDITION CHARACTERISED BY PERSISTENT SICKNESS BEHAVIOUR AND NEUROIMMUNE AND NEUROINFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS. AN ESTIMATED 25-32% OF THE OVER 900,000 VETERANS OF THE 1991 GULF WAR FULFIL THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GWI DIAGNOSIS. IT HAS BEEN HYPOTHESISED THAT THE HIGH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS OF COMBAT MAY HAVE INCREASED VULNERABILITY TO IRREVERSIBLE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (ACHE) INHIBITORS LEADING TO A PRIMING OF THE NEUROIMMUNE SYSTEM. A NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE LINKED HIGH LEVELS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS AND TOXICANT EXPOSURES TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. RECENT RESEARCH IN A MOUSE MODEL OF GWI HAS SHOWN THAT PRE-EXPOSURE WITH THE STRESS HORMONE CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) CAUSES AN INCREASE IN EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC CHEMOKINES AND CYTOKINES IN RESPONSE TO DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP), A SARIN SURROGATE AND IRREVERSIBLE ACHE INHIBITOR. METHODS: C57BL/6J MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CORT FOR 4 DAYS, AND EXPOSED TO DFP ON DAY 5, BEFORE SACRIFICE 6 H LATER. THE TRANSCRIPTOME WAS EXAMINED USING RNA-SEQ, AND THE EPIGENOME WAS EXAMINED USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND H3K27AC CHIP-SEQ. RESULTS: WE SHOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL, HISTONE MODIFICATION (H3K27AC) AND DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN GENES RELATED TO THE IMMUNE AND NEURONAL SYSTEM, POTENTIALLY RELEVANT TO NEUROINFLAMMATORY AND COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS OF GWI. FURTHER EVIDENCE SUGGESTS ALTERED PROPORTIONS OF MYELINATING OLIGODENDROCYTES IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX, PERHAPS CONNECTED TO WHITE MATTER DEFICITS SEEN IN GWI SUFFERERS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS MAY REFLECT THE EARLY CHANGES WHICH OCCURRED IN GWI VETERANS, AND WE OBSERVE ALTERATIONS IN SEVERAL PATHWAYS ALTERED IN GWI SUFFERERS. THESE CLOSE LINKS TO CHANGES SEEN IN VETERANS WITH GWI INDICATES THAT THIS MODEL REFLECTS THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES RELATED TO GWI AND MAY PROVIDE A MODEL FOR BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING FUTURE TREATMENTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8  3557  39 IMPACT OF BMI AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE ON EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN BLOOD: AN EWAS IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES HAVE BEEN INCREASING ESPECIALLY IN ASIAN COUNTRIES. OBESITY-RELATED GENETIC VARIANTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, BUT THESE EXPLAIN LITTLE OF THE VARIATION IN BMI. RECENT STUDIES REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND OBESITY, MOSTLY IN NON-ASIAN POPULATIONS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) ON GENERAL ADIPOSITY (BODY MASS INDEX, BMI) AND ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY (WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WC) IN 409 MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS AND REPLICATED BMI AND WAIST-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CPGS IDENTIFIED IN OTHER POPULATIONS. THE CROSS-LAGGED PANEL MODEL AND MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION WERE USED TO ASSESS THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION AND BMI. THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IDENTIFIED CPGS AND INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC MARKERS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. RESULTS: EWAS IDENTIFIED 116 DNA METHYLATION CPGS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND EIGHT INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WC AT FALSE DISCOVERY RATE P(FDR) < 0.05 IN 409 ASIAN SAMPLES. WE REPLICATED 110 BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN EUROPEANS AND IDENTIFIED SIX NOVEL BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS AND TWO NOVEL WC-ASSOCIATED CPGS. WE OBSERVED HIGH CONSISTENCY IN ASSOCIATION DIRECTION OF EFFECT COMPARED TO STUDIES IN OTHER POPULATIONS. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP ANALYSES INDICATED THAT BMI WAS MORE LIKELY TO BE THE CAUSE OF DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION, RATHER THAN THE CONSEQUENCE. THE CAUSAL ANALYSES USING BMI-ASSOCIATED METHYLATION RISK SCORE ALSO SUGGESTED THAT HIGHER LEVELS OF THE INFLAMMATION MARKER IL-6 WERE LIKELY THE CONSEQUENCE OF METHYLATION CHANGE. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIANS AND SUGGESTS THAT OBESITY CAN DRIVE METHYLATION CHANGE. THE RESULTS ALSO SUGGESTED POSSIBLE CAUSAL INFLUENCE THAT OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES MIGHT HAVE ON INFLAMMATION AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9  3977  34 LONG-TERM EFFECT OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS IN ADOLESCENCE ON DENDRITE DEVELOPMENT AND H3K9ME2/BDNF EXPRESSION IN MALE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX. EXPOSURE TO A HARSH ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY LIFE INCREASES IN THE RISK OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) OF AN INDIVIDUAL. BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEURODEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES. BOTH CHRONIC AND TRAUMATIC STRESSES INDUCE A DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF BDNF AND REDUCE NEURAL PLASTICITY, WHICH IS LINKED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PTSD. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT STRESS ALTERS THE EPIGENETIC MARKER H3K9ME2, WHICH CAN BIND TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE BDNF GENE AND REDUCE BDNF PROTEIN LEVEL. HOWEVER, THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TRAUMATIC STRESS DURING ADOLESCENCE ON H3K9ME2, BDNF EXPRESSION AND DENDRITE DEVELOPMENT ARE NOT WELL-KNOWN. THE PRESENT STUDY ESTABLISHED A MODEL OF PTSD IN ADOLESCENT RATS USING AN INESCAPABLE FOOT SHOCK (IFS) PROCEDURE. ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS, SOCIAL INTERACTION BEHAVIOR AND MEMORY FUNCTION WERE ASSESSED BY THE OPEN FIELD TEST, ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST, THREE-CHAMBER SOCIABILITY TEST AND MORRIS WATER MAZE TEST. IN ADDITION, NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND H3K9ME2/BDNF EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPUS (HIP) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) WERE EVALUATED BY GOLGI STAINING, WESTERN BLOTTING, QRT-PCR ANALYSIS AND CHIP-QPCR ANALYSIS. ADDITIONALLY, THE UNC0642, A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE (EHMT2) WAS USED FOR INTERVENTION. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE IFS PROCEDURE INDUCED THE PTSD-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN RATS, RESULTED IN FEWER DENDRITE BRANCHES AND SHORTER DENDRITE LENGTH IN CA1 OF HIP AND PFC, INCREASED H3K9ME2 LEVEL AND DECREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN HIP AND PFC. ALSO, ALTHOUGH ALL THE CHANGES CAN PERSIST TO ADULTHOOD, UNC0642 ADMINISTRATION RELIEVED MOST OF ALTERATIONS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT TRAUMATIC STRESS IN ADOLESCENCE LEADS TO IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM MENTAL DISORDERS, NEURONAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES, LOWER BDNF LEVEL AND INCREASED H3K9ME2 LEVEL IN THE HIP AND PFC, INDICATING THAT H3K9ME2/BDNF DYSFUNCTION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS OF PTSD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10   521  46 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, DNA METHYLATION, AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IDENTIFIED BY INVESTIGATING METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME LEVELS. STRESS IS KNOWN TO AFFECT HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AND INTO FUTURE GENERATIONS, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNKNOWN. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS INFLUENCES DNA METHYLATION (DNAM), WHICH IN TURN IMPACTS NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES. SPECIFICALLY, WE ANALYZED DNAM AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME-WIDE LEVELS TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS WITH MATERNAL STRESS AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL VENOUS BLOOD AND NEWBORN CORD BLOOD (N = 24 AND 22, RESPECTIVELY) WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 450,000 CPG SITES. METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED BY EXAMINING CPG SITES INDIVIDUALLY IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS), AS REGIONAL GROUPS USING VARIABLY METHYLATED REGION (VMR) ANALYSIS IN MATERNAL BLOOD ONLY, AND THROUGH THE EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES USING GENOME-WIDE MEAN METHYLATION (GMM), HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, AND MITOTIC AGE. THESE METHYLATION MEASURES WERE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATION WITH THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS (MATERNAL WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND EXPERIENCE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE) AND ONE HEALTH OUTCOME (NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT). WE OBSERVED THAT MATERNAL EXPERIENCES OF WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND SEXUAL ASSAULT WERE EACH ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT (P < 1.95 X 10(-7) IN ALL CASES). TESTING INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES USING EWAS, WE OBSERVED NO ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND ANY MEASURE OF MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER MATERNAL OR CORD BLOOD, AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. HOWEVER, THE TOP-RANKED CPG SITE IN MATERNAL BLOOD THAT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE BEFORE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION IS LOCATED NEAR THE SPON1 GENE. TESTING AT A REGIONAL LEVEL, WE FOUND INCREASED METHYLATION OF A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD NEAR SPON1 THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION (P = 1.95 X 10(-7) AND 8.3 X 10(-6), RESPECTIVELY). AT THE EPIGENOMIC LEVEL, CORD BLOOD GMM WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF WAR TRAUMA (P = 0.025) AND WAS SUGGESTIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL VIOLENCE (P = 0.053). THE OTHER TWO EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER TISSUE TYPE. DESPITE OUR SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, WE IDENTIFIED ASSOCIATIONS EVEN AFTER CONSERVATIVE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. SPECIFICALLY, WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND THE THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS ACROSS BOTH TISSUES; SPECIFICALLY, A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND GMM IN CORD BLOOD WERE BOTH ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS. THE ASSOCIATION OF CORD BLOOD GMM, BUT NOT MATERNAL BLOOD GMM, WITH MATERNAL STRESS MAY SUGGEST DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO STRESS IN MOTHER AND NEWBORN. IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS ONLY WHEN CPG SITES WERE ANALYZED IN AGGREGATE, EITHER AS VMRS OR AS A BROAD SUMMARY MEASURE OF GMM.	2019	

11  3177  33 H3K9ME2 REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX IS INVOLVED IN THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE INDUCED BY MATERNAL SEPARATION IN MALE RATS. BACKGROUND: EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) INDUCES A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE AND INCREASES THE RISK OF DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN CONFIRMED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH ELS ALTERS THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF AND CHANGES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CLARIFIED. METHODS: THE PRESENT STUDY USED MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) AND CHRONIC UNPREDICTED MILD STRESS (CUMS) TO ESTABLISH AN MS ANIMAL MODEL AND A DEPRESSIVE ANIMAL MODEL. WE ASSESSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS, INCLUDING ANHEDONIA, LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, AND SPATIAL MEMORY, USING THE SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, THE OPEN FIELD TEST, THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST, AND THE MORRIS WATER MAZE TEST. WE ALSO INVESTIGATED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WESTERN BLOTTING, AND QPCR ANALYSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE USED UNC0642, A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE (G9A), AS AN INTERVENTION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOURS IN RATS AND RESULTED IN INCREASED H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION AND DECREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. MORE IMPORTANTLY, ADULT MS RATS EXPERIENCING CUMS HAD MORE SEVERE DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS, HAD HIGHER EXPRESSION OF H3K9ME2 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC, AND HAD LOWER EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MPFC. IN ADDITION, ADMINISTRATION OF THE G9A INHIBITOR REVERSED MOST OF THE CHANGES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT ELS CHANGED BDNF AND H3K9ME2 EXPRESSION IN THE RAT BRAIN, RESULTING IN A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
12  1988  42 EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS IN A MURINE GENETIC MODEL OF GULF WAR ILLNESS. OF THE NEARLY 1 MILLION MILITARY PERSONNEL WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE 1990-1991 GULF WAR, BETWEEN 25% AND 35% BECAME ILL WITH WHAT NOW IS REFERRED TO AS GULF WAR ILLNESS (GWI) BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. SYMPTOMS VARIED FROM GASTROINTESTINAL DISTRESS TO LETHARGY, MEMORY LOSS, INABILITY TO CONCENTRATE, DEPRESSION, RESPIRATORY, AND REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS. THE SYMPTOMS HAVE PERSISTED FOR 30 YEARS IN THOSE AFFLICTED BUT THE BASIS OF THE ILLNESS REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. NERVE AGENTS AND OTHER CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN THE WAR ZONE HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED BUT THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THESE ACUTE EXPOSURES HAVE LEFT FEW IF ANY IDENTIFIABLE SIGNATURES. THE MAJOR AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO ELUCIDATE THE POSSIBLE GENOMIC BASIS FOR THE PERSISTENCE OF SYMPTOMS, ESPECIALLY OF THE NEUROLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE PERFORMED A WHOLE GENOME EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED CAUSE OF GWI, VIZ., EXPOSURE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE NEUROTOXICANTS COMBINED WITH HIGH CIRCULATING GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN TWO INBRED MOUSE STRAINS, C57BL/6J AND DBA/2J. THE ANIMALS RECEIVED CORTICOSTERONE IN THEIR DRINKING WATER FOR 7 DAYS FOLLOWED BY INJECTION OF DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE, A NERVE AGENT SURROGATE. SIX WEEKS AFTER DFP INJECTION, THE ANIMALS WERE EUTHANIZED AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX HARVESTED FOR GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING. WE OBSERVED 67 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES, NOTABLY AMONG THEM, TTLL7, AKR1C14, SLC44A4, AND RUSC2, ALL RELATED TO DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS OF GWI. OUR RESULTS SUPPORT PROOF OF PRINCIPLE OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF GWI-RELATED EXPOSURES AND MAY REVEAL WHY THE DISEASE HAS PERSISTED IN MANY OF THE NOW AGING GULF WAR VETERANS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13   513  31 ASSOCIATION OF SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE ALUJB METHYLATION WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION, AMYGDALA RESPONSIVENESS, 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 POLYMORPHISM, AND STRESS. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF THE SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE (SLC6A4) HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO ALTER SLC6A4 EXPRESSION, DRIVE ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT RESPONSE AND MODIFY BRAIN FUNCTIONS. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER METHYLATION OF AN ALUJB ELEMENT IN THE SLC6A4 PROMOTOR WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD), AMYGDALA REACTIVITY TO EMOTIONAL FACES, 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 POLYMORPHISM, AND RECENT STRESS. MDD PATIENTS (N=122) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (HC, N=176) UNDERWENT FMRI DURING AN EMOTIONAL FACE-MATCHING TASK. INDIVIDUAL SLC6A4 ALUJB METHYLATION PROFILES WERE ASCERTAINED AND ASSOCIATED WITH MDD, AMYGDALA REACTIVITY, 5-HTTLPR/RS25531, AND STRESS. SLC6A4 ALUJB METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN MDD COMPARED TO HC AND IN STRESSED COMPARED TO LESS STRESSED PARTICIPANTS. LOWER ALUJB METHYLATION WAS PARTICULARLY FOUND IN 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 RISK ALLELE CARRIERS UNDER STRESS AND CORRELATED WITH LESS DEPRESSIVE EPISODES. FMRI ANALYSIS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT INTERACTION OF ALUJB METHYLATION AND DIAGNOSIS IN THE AMYGDALA, WITH MDD PATIENTS SHOWING LOWER ALUJB METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED AMYGDALA REACTIVITY. WHILE NO JOINT EFFECT OF ALUJB METHYLATION AND 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 EXISTED, RISK ALLELE CARRIERS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BILATERAL AMYGDALA ACTIVATION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST A ROLE OF SLC6A4 ALUJB METHYLATION IN MDD, AMYGDALA REACTIVITY, AND STRESS REACTION, PARTLY INTERWOVEN WITH 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 EFFECTS. PATIENTS WITH LOW METHYLATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SHORTER MDD HISTORY AND DECREASED AMYGDALA REACTIVITY MIGHT FEATURE A MORE STRESS-ADAPTIVE EPIGENETIC PROCESS, MAYBE VIA THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE ENDOGENOUS ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. IN CONTRAST, PATIENTS WITH HIGHER METHYLATION MIGHT POSSIBLY SUFFER FROM IMPAIRED EPIGENETIC ADAPTION TO CHRONIC STRESS. FURTHER, THE 5-HTTLPR/RS25531 ASSOCIATION WITH AMYGDALA ACTIVATION WAS CONFIRMED IN OUR LARGE SAMPLE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
14  2643  42 EPIGENOMIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION SITES IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DISEASE RISK CAN OFTEN BE MANAGED BY SMOKING CONTROL. SMOKING CAN INDUCE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, BUT THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING AT THE GENE LEVEL HAVE NOT BEEN WELL UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SITES IN CAUCASIANS. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SAME DNAM SITES ASSOCIATE WITH SMOKING IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND TO IDENTIFY NOVEL SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES, WE CONDUCTED A METHYLOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CIGARETTE SMOKING USING A DISCOVERY SAMPLE OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND A REPLICATION SAMPLE OF 239 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH TWO ARRAY-BASED METHODS. AMONG 15 DNAM SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING IN OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 5 DNAM SITES ARE REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT, AND 14 SITES IN THE REPLICATION SAMPLE HAVE EFFECTS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS IN THE DISCOVERY SAMPLE. THE TOP TWO SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES IN F2RL3 (FACTOR II RECEPTOR-LIKE 3) AND GPR15 (G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15) OBSERVED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN CAUCASIANS. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE REPLICATED DNAM SITES AND SMOKING REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND. DESPITE THE DISTINCT GENETIC BACKGROUND BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS, THE DNAM FROM THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS SHARES COMMON ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING, WHICH SUGGESTS A COMMON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15   575  38 BDNF METHYLATION AND MATERNAL BRAIN ACTIVITY IN A VIOLENCE-RELATED SAMPLE. IT IS KNOWN THAT INCREASED CIRCULATING GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN THE WAKE OF EXCESSIVE, CHRONIC, REPETITIVE STRESS INCREASES ANXIETY AND IMPAIRS BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) SIGNALING. RECENT STUDIES OF BDNF GENE METHYLATION IN RELATION TO MATERNAL CARE HAVE LINKED HIGH BDNF METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE BLOOD OF ADULTS TO LOWER QUALITY OF RECEIVED MATERNAL CARE MEASURED VIA SELF-REPORT. YET THE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH THESE PHENOMENA OCCUR REMAIN TO BE ESTABLISHED. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINES THE LINK BETWEEN METHYLATION OF THE BDNF GENE PROMOTER REGION AND PATTERNS OF NEURAL ACTIVITY THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL RESPONSE TO STRESSFUL VERSUS NON-STRESSFUL CHILD STIMULI WITHIN A SAMPLE THAT INCLUDES MOTHERS WITH INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE-RELATED PTSD (IPV-PTSD). 46 MOTHERS UNDERWENT FMRI. THE CONTRAST OF NEURAL ACTIVITY WHEN WATCHING CHILDREN-INCLUDING THEIR OWN-WAS THEN CORRELATED TO BDNF METHYLATION. CONSISTENT WITH THE EXISTING LITERATURE, THE PRESENT STUDY FOUND THAT MATERNAL BDNF METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF MATERNAL ANXIETY AND GREATER CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. FMRI RESULTS SHOWED A POSITIVE CORRELATION OF BDNF METHYLATION WITH MATERNAL BRAIN ACTIVITY IN THE ANTERIOR CINGULATE (ACC), AND VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (VMPFC), REGIONS GENERALLY CREDITED WITH A REGULATORY FUNCTION TOWARD BRAIN AREAS THAT ARE GENERATING EMOTIONS. FURTHERMORE WE FOUND A NEGATIVE CORRELATION OF BDNF METHYLATION WITH THE ACTIVITY OF THE RIGHT HIPPOCAMPUS. SINCE OUR STIMULI FOCUS ON STRESSFUL PARENTING CONDITIONS, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT THE CORRELATION BETWEEN VMPFC/ACC ACTIVITY AND BDNF METHYLATION MAY BE LINKED TO MOTHERS WHO ARE AT A DISADVANTAGE WITH RESPECT TO EMOTION REGULATION WHEN FACING STRESSFUL PARENTING SITUATIONS. OVERALL, THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OF STRESS-RELATED GENES CAN BE LINKED TO FUNCTIONAL BRAIN REGIONS REGULATING PARENTING STRESS, THUS ADVANCING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF MOTHERS AT RISK FOR STRESS-RELATED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
16  1750  27 EARLY LIFE STRESS AND PEDIATRIC POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. TRAUMATIC STRESS EXPOSURE DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HAVE ESSENTIAL AND LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS. TWO THIRDS OF YOUTH ARE EXPOSED TO POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES BY THE AGE OF 17, AND APPROXIMATELY 5% OF ADOLESCENTS MEET LIFETIME CRITERIA FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD). THE ROLE OF THE STRESS SYSTEM IS THE MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS IN THE PRESENCE OF REAL/PERCEIVED AND ACUTE/CHRONIC STRESSORS. EARLY-LIFE STRESS (ELS) HAS AN IMPACT ON NEURONAL BRAIN NETWORKS INVOLVED IN STRESS REACTIONS, AND COULD EXERT A PROGRAMMING EFFECT ON GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING. STUDIES ON PEDIATRIC PTSD REVEAL DIVERSE NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO ADVERSE EVENTS AND RELATED LONG-TERM NEUROENDOCRINE AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. NEUROENDOCRINE, NEUROIMAGING, AND GENETIC STUDIES IN CHILDREN WITH PTSD AND ELS EXPERIENCES ARE CRUCIAL IN UNDERSTANDING RISK AND RESILIENCE FACTORS, AND ALSO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PTSD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17   243  40 ADOLESCENT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT TOLUENE INHALATION DYNAMICALLY REGULATES THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND NEURONAL METHYLOME WITHIN THE RAT MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX. INHALANTS CONTAINING THE VOLATILE SOLVENT TOLUENE ARE MISUSED TO INDUCE EUPHORIA OR INTOXICATION. INHALANT ABUSE IS MOST COMMON DURING ADOLESCENCE AND CAN RESULT IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS DURING AN IMPORTANT MATURATIONAL PERIOD. DESPITE EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY UNDERPIN THE COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF INHALANTS, NO STUDIES TO DATE HAVE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED TOLUENE-INDUCED REGULATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTOME OR DISCRETE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WITHIN THE BRAIN. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE INVESTIGATED EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT TOLUENE (CIT) INHALATION ON GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WITHIN THE RAT MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), WHICH UNDERGOES MATURATION THROUGHOUT ADOLESCENCE AND HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN TOLUENE-INDUCED COGNITIVE DEFICITS. EMPLOYING BOTH RNA-SEQ AND GENOME-WIDE METHYL CPG BINDING DOMAIN (MBD) ULTRA-SEQ ANALYSIS, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ADOLESCENT CIT INHALATION (10 000 PPM FOR 1 H/DAY, 3 DAYS/WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS) INDUCES BOTH TRANSIENT AND PERSISTENT CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND DNA METHYLOME WITHIN THE RAT MPFC FOR AT LEAST 2 WEEKS FOLLOWING TOLUENE EXPOSURE. WE DEMONSTRATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT ADOLESCENT CIT EXPOSURE RESULTS IN DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE MPFC TRANSCRIPTOME LIKELY RELATING TO ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND PERSISTENT DEFICITS IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. THESE ADAPTATIONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE COGNITIVE DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC TOLUENE EXPOSURE AND PROVIDE NOVEL MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR PREVENTING LONG-TERM NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES FOLLOWING CHRONIC TOLUENE INHALATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18   502  55 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  5200  33 PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS PREDICTS METHYLATION OF GENES REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL SYSTEM IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. EXPOSURE TO STRESS EARLY IN LIFE PERMANENTLY SHAPES ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) AXIS AND THE BRAIN. PRENATALLY, GLUCOCORTICOIDS PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTA TO THE FETUS WITH POSTNATAL IMPACTS ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, BIRTH WEIGHT (BW), AND HPA AXIS FUNCTIONING. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS AFFECTS POSTNATAL FUNCTIONING. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES THIS GAP BY EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC STRESS AND TRAUMATIC WAR-RELATED STRESS ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FOUR KEY GENES REGULATING THE HPA AXIS IN NEONATAL CORD BLOOD, PLACENTA, AND MATERNAL BLOOD: CRH, CRHBP, NR3C1, AND FKBP5. PARTICIPANTS WERE 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE CONFLICT-RIDDEN REGION OF THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. BW DATA WERE COLLECTED AT DELIVERY AND MATERNAL INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED TO ASSESS CULTURALLY RELEVANT CHRONIC AND WAR-RELATED STRESSORS. CHRONIC STRESS AND WAR TRAUMA HAD WIDESPREAD EFFECTS ON HPA AXIS GENE METHYLATION, WITH SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OBSERVED AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING (TFB) SITES IN ALL TARGET GENES TESTED. SOME CHANGES IN METHYLATION WERE UNIQUE TO CHRONIC OR WAR STRESS, WHEREAS OTHERS WERE OBSERVED ACROSS BOTH STRESSOR TYPES. MOREOVER, STRESS EXPOSURES IMPACTED MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUES DIFFERENTLY, SUPPORTING THEORETICAL MODELS THAT STRESS IMPACTS VARY ACCORDING TO LIFE PHASE. METHYLATION IN SEVERAL NR3C1 AND CRH CPG SITES, ALL LOCATED AT TFB SITES, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BW. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL STRESS EXPOSURE IMPACTS DEVELOPMENT VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HPA AXIS GENES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20  3063  46 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND LONG-TERM AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IN KOREAN ADULTS. BACKGROUND: AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH NUMEROUS ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD; EPIGENETIC EFFECTS INCLUDING ALTERED DNA METHYLATION COULD PLAY A ROLE. TO EVALUATE ASSOCIATIONS OF LONG-TERM AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE WITH DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD, WE CONDUCTED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN A KOREAN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COHORT (N = 100 INCLUDING 60 CASES) USING ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP. ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER </= 10 MUM IN DIAMETER (PM(10)) AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO(2)) WERE ESTIMATED AT PARTICIPANTS' RESIDENTIAL ADDRESSES USING EXPOSURE PREDICTION MODELS. WE USED ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROBES (DMPS) AND TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES, DMRCATE AND COMB-P, TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS). RESULTS: AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE < 0.05), THERE WERE 12 DMPS AND 27 DMRS ASSOCIATED WITH PM(10) AND 45 DMPS AND 57 DMRS RELATED TO NO(2). DMP CG06992688 (OTUB2) AND SEVERAL DMRS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH EXPOSURES. ELEVEN DMPS IN RELATION TO NO(2) CONFIRMED PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN EUROPEANS; THE REMAINDER WERE NOVEL. METHYLATION LEVELS OF 39 DMPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION LEVELS OF NEARBY GENES IN A SEPARATE DATASET OF 3075 INDIVIDUALS. ENRICHED NETWORKS WERE RELATED TO OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH AIR POLLUTION INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES AS WELL AS INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT LONG-TERM AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IMPACTS DNA METHYLATION. THE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SIGNALS CAN SERVE AS POTENTIAL AIR POLLUTION BIOMARKERS. THESE RESULTS MAY HELP BETTER UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCES OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH.	2019