1  5025 137 PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (CVD), ALSO REFERRED TO AS PERSONALIZED OR PRECISION CARDIOLOGY IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, IS SELECTION OF THE BEST TREATMENT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT. IT INVOLVES THE INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS "OMICS" TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS AS WELL AS OTHER NEW TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY. MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOMARKERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR LINKING DIAGNOSIS WITH THERAPY AND MONITORING THERAPY. BECAUSE CVD INVOLVE PERTURBATIONS OF LARGE COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS, A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO CVD RISK STRATIFICATION MAY BE USED FOR IMPROVING RISK-ESTIMATING ALGORITHMS, AND MODELING OF PERSONALIZED BENEFIT OF TREATMENT MAY BE HELPFUL FOR GUIDING THE CHOICE OF INTERVENTION. BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS ARE HELPFUL IN ANALYZING AND INTEGRATING LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. PERSONALIZED THERAPY IS CONSIDERED DURING DRUG DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING METHODS OF TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY AND CLINICAL TRIALS. INDIVIDUALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS CONSIDER MULTIPLE FACTORS - GENETIC AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC - FOR PATIENTS' RISK OF HEART DISEASE. EXAMPLES OF PERSONALIZED TREATMENT ARE THOSE OF CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, HEART FAILURE, AND HYPERTENSION. SIMILAR APPROACHES CAN BE USED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, AS WELL AS THE USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT INCLUDES PHARMACOTHERAPY, SURGERY, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF. FURTHER PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISM OF COMPLEX CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSATIVE FACTORS AT THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT LEVEL WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALIZED CARDIOLOGY. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE WILL IMPROVE THE CARE OF THE PATIENTS WITH CVD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2  1890  35 ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED OVARIAN CARCINOMAS: INSIGHTS INTO PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS-A NARRATIVE REVIEW. ENDOMETRIOSIS IS A BENIGN GYNECOLOGIC CONDITION AFFECTING UP TO ONE WOMAN OUT OF TEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE. IT IS DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF ENDOMETRIAL-LIKE TISSUE IN LOCALIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF THE UTERINE CAVITY. IT OFTEN CAUSES SYMPTOMS SUCH AS CHRONIC PAIN, MOST FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, AND INFERTILITY, BUT MAY ALSO BE OLIGO- OR ASYMPTOMATIC. THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT SOME OVARIAN CARCINOMA (OC) HISTOTYPES, MAINLY THE OVARIAN CLEAR CELL (OCCC) AND ENDOMETRIOID (ENOC) CARCINOMA, MAY ARISE FROM ENDOMETRIOSIS. THE MOST FREQUENT GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN THESE CARCINOMAS ARE MUTATIONS IN THE AT-RICH INTERACTING DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 1A (ARID1A) GENE, A SUBUNIT OF THE SWI/SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX, AND ALTERATIONS IN THE PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE (PI3K)/AKT/MTOR PATHWAY, WHICH FREQUENTLY CO-OCCUR. IN ARID1A DEFICIENT CANCERS PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL DATA SUGGEST DIFFERENT TARGETABLE MECHANISMS INCLUDING EPIGENETIC REGULATION, CELL CYCLE, GENOMIC INSTABILITY, THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS, IMMUNE MODULATION, OR METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AS POTENTIAL PRECISION ONCOLOGY APPROACHES. MOST OF THESE STRATEGIES ARE RELYING ON THE CONCEPT OF SYNTHETIC LETHALITY IN WHICH TUMORS DEFICIENT IN ARID1A ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO THE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS. SOME OF THESE APPROACHES ARE CURRENTLY BEING OR HAVE RECENTLY BEEN INVESTIGATED IN EARLY CLINICAL TRIALS. THE REMARKABLY FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF THESE MUTATIONS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED OVARIAN CANCER, THE OCCURRENCE IN A RELATIVELY YOUNG POPULATION, AND THE HIGH PROPORTION OF PLATINUM-RESISTANT DISEASE CERTAINLY WARRANTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF PRECISION ONCOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES IN THIS POPULATION. FURTHERMORE, ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ONCOGENIC MUTATIONS INVOLVED IN ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED OVARIAN CARCINOMAS MAY BE POTENTIALLY USEFUL FOR EARLY CANCER DETECTION. HOWEVER, THIS APPROACH MAY BE COMPLICATED BY THE FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN BENIGN ENDOMETRIOTIC TISSUE AS RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST. IN THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE, WE WILL DISCUSS THE DATA AVAILABLE ON ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED OVARIAN CARCINOMA, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND MOLECULAR CHANGES THAT COULD HAVE THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICABILITY IN THE FUTURE.	2020	

3  4852  31 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT FOR PEDIATRIC CANCERS. THE USE OF TARGETED SMALL-MOLECULE THERAPEUTICS AND IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS HAS BEEN LIMITED TO DATE IN PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY. RECENTLY, THE NUMBER OF PEDIATRIC APPROVALS HAS RISEN, AND REGULATORY INITIATIVES IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE HAVE AIMED TO INCREASE THE STUDY OF NOVEL ANTICANCER THERAPIES IN CHILDREN. CHALLENGES OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN INCLUDE THE RARITY OF INDIVIDUAL CANCER DIAGNOSES AND THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF DIFFICULT-TO-DRUG TARGETS, INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. ONGOING PEDIATRIC ADAPTATION OF BIOMARKER-DRIVEN TRIAL DESIGNS AND FURTHER EXPLORATION OF AGENTS TARGETING NON-KINASE DRIVERS CONSTITUTE HIGH-PRIORITY OBJECTIVES FOR FUTURE PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY DRUG DEVELOPMENT. SIGNIFICANCE: INCREASING ATTENTION TO DRUG DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER BY REGULATORS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES HOLDS THE PROMISE OF ACCELERATING THE AVAILABILITY OF NEW THERAPIES FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER, POTENTIALLY IMPROVING SURVIVAL AND DECREASING THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITIES OF THERAPY. HOWEVER, UNIQUE APPROACHES ARE NECESSARY TO STUDY NOVEL THERAPIES IN CHILDREN THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT LOW PATIENT NUMBERS, THE PEDIATRIC CANCER GENOMIC LANDSCAPE AND TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT, AND THE NEED FOR PEDIATRIC FORMULATIONS. IT IS ALSO CRITICAL TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL FOR UNIQUE TOXICITIES IN GROWING HOSTS WITHOUT AFFECTING THE PACE OF DISCOVERY FOR CHILDREN WITH THESE LIFE-THREATENING DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
4  6776  23 [APPROACHING NEW PHARMACOTHERAPY OPTIONS IN PAIN TREATMENT]. THE EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE IS NOTICEABLE IN MOST THERAPEUTIC AREAS, THE WORSE THE CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESULT, THE MORE QUICK THE IMPROVEMENT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN SUCH AREAS THAT REQUIRE SUBSTANTIAL SOCIAL RESOURCES, NAMELY ONCOLOGY, DIABETOLOGY AND CNS DISEASES. PAIN IS NOT A DISEASE, IT IS A SYMPTOM. PAIN IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF HUMAN SUFFERING THUS IT DESERVES SPECIAL ATTENTION. IN RECENT YEARS NEW FORMULATIONS OF OLD MEDICINES WERE INTRODUCED RATHER THAN NEW MEDICINES. MAYBE ZICONITIDE IS THE LAST PAIN KILLER WITH NEW MECHANISM OF ACTION WHICH WAS APPROVED BY FDA IN 2004. HOWEVER, THE NEW INFORMATION AND TECHNIQUES ARE ALSO APPEARING IN THE FIELD OF ANALGESIA. NOWADAYS ONE CAN TALK ABOUT GENETIC/EPIGENETIC TARGETS, RNA THERAPIES, VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS, NEW PAIN RECEPTORS (TRPV1, TRPV4, NMDA, NAV RECEPTORS) REGARDING PAIN TREATMENT, INDICATING THAT THE PRACTICE OF THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF PAIN WILL CHANGE FUNDAMENTALLY IN THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE. THIS PAPER IS INTENDED TO GIVE A SHORT SUMMARY OF THESE NEW OPTIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  3035  42 GENETICS/GENOMICS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE--TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE? THE PROGRESSION RATE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) TO ITS TERMINAL STAGE, END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD), AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY OF VARIOUS COMPLICATIONS, ARE AT LEAST INDIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY GENETIC--AND EPIGENETIC--FACTORS. FOR YEARS, SCIENTISTS HAVE HELD OUT HOPE THAT THE RAPIDLY EVOLVING FIELD OF GENETICS COULD TRANSFORM MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, MOVING BEYOND A TRIAL-AND-ERROR APPROACH TOWARDS "PERSONALIZED MEDICINE." INDEED, THERE ARE NOW SIGNS THAT THE ROLE OF GENETICS AND THE PURSUIT OF "PERSONALIZED MEDICINE" IN MEDICAL CARE WILL BE A PRIORITY FOR GOVERNMENTS DURING YEARS TO COME. BUT THE VISION OF INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT BASED ON A PATIENT'S GENETIC MAKEUP AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL MARKERS HAS YET TO MATERIALIZE IN THE FIELD OF CKD AND ESRD. AS THE TOXIC UREMIC ENVIRONMENT MAY RENDER CKD PATIENTS MORE SENSITIVE TO THE EFFECTS OF GENETIC VARIANTS, IT IS LIKELY THAT GENETIC FACTORS COULD BE OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE IN THIS HIGH-RISK POPULATION. THEREFORE, OUTCOME IN THE CKD POPULATION MAY BE IMPROVED BY ESTABLISHING INDIVIDUAL GENETIC/EPIGENETIC PROFILES, THUS ENABLING PHYSICIANS TO DESIGN AN INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE BASED ON A MORE INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPY COULD BE APPLIED IN, FOR EXAMPLE, PHARMACOTHERAPY (CYP GENES), DIALYSIS THERAPY, AND NUTRITIONAL AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6  1673  38 DRIVER GENE MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETICS IN COLORECTAL CANCER. OBJECTIVE: THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER ARE DIAGNOSED WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED AND/OR DISSEMINATED DISEASE, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS INCLUDE SURGERY IN COMBINATION WITH CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS, BIOLOGICS, AND/OR RADIOTHERAPY. THUS, COLORECTAL CANCER REMAINS A HEAVY BURDEN ON SOCIETY AND HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS.MOUNTING EVIDENCE SHOW THAT DRIVER GENE MUTATIONS PLAY ONLY PART OF THE ROLE IN CARCINOGENESIS. EPIGENETICS ARE STRONGLY IMPLICATED IN INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF COLORECTAL CANCER ALONG WITH MAJOR PLAYERS SUCH AS INTESTINAL MICROBIOTIC DYSBIOSIS AND CHRONIC MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION.TO ASSESS PHENOTYPIC CHANGES IN PROTEINS AND GENE EXPRESSION, MULTIGENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES BASED ON SEQUENCING TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO HOPEFULLY IMPROVE PREDICTORS OF THE TUMOR PROFILE, IMMUNE RESPONSE, AND THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO REVIEW CURRENT ADVANCES IN THE FIELD AND TO UPDATE SURGEONS AND ACADEMICS ON DRIVER GENE MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETICS IN COLORECTAL CANCER. BACKGROUND AND METHODS: THIS IS A NARRATIVE REVIEW STUDYING RELEVANT RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN THE PUBMED DATABASE FROM 2012-2018. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY WILL IMPROVE OPTIONS TO CHARACTERIZE COLORECTAL CANCER WITH REGARD TO MUTATIONS AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS, INCLUDING MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY, EPIGENETICS, MICROBIOTA, AND MICROENVIRONMENT. RESEARCH WILL INEVITABLY IMPROVE RISK GROUP STRATIFICATION AND TARGETED TREATMENT APPROACHES.EPIGENETIC PROFILING AND EPIGENETIC MODULATING DRUGS WILL INCREASE RISK STRATIFICATION, INCREASE ACCESSIBILITY FOR DNA TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS AND REDUCE CYTOTOXIC DRUG RESISTANCE.NEW GENERATION ANTIBIOTICS SUCH AS BIOFILM INHIBITORS AND QUORUM SENSING INHIBITORS ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO TARGET THE CARCINOGENETIC IMPACT OF COLONIC DYSBIOSIS AND INFLAMMATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  1678  33 DRUG REPURPOSING AT THE INTERFACE OF MELANOMA IMMUNOTHERAPY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. CANCER CELLS HAVE A REMARKABLE ABILITY TO EVADE RECOGNITION AND DESTRUCTION BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. AT THE SAME TIME, CANCER HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, WHILE CERTAIN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES PREDISPOSE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEOPLASIA. ALTHOUGH CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY HAS REVOLUTIONIZED ANTITUMOR TREATMENT, IMMUNE-RELATED TOXICITIES AND ADVERSE EVENTS DETRACT FROM THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF EVEN THE MOST ADVANCED DRUGS, ESPECIALLY IN PATIENTS WITH BOTH, METASTATIC CANCER AND PRE-EXISTING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. HERE, THE COMBINATION OF MULTI-OMICS, DATA-DRIVEN COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES WITH THE APPLICATION OF NETWORK CONCEPTS ENABLES IN-DEPTH ANALYSES OF THE DYNAMIC LINKS BETWEEN CANCER, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, AND DRUGS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC METASTASIS-RELATED PROCESSES WITHIN CANCER CELLS AND THE IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT. WITH MELANOMA AS A MODEL, WE UNCOVER VULNERABILITIES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT TO CONTROL CANCER PROGRESSION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES. THEREBY, DRUG REPURPOSING ALLOWS TAKING ADVANTAGE OF EXISTING SAFETY PROFILES AND ESTABLISHED PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF APPROVED AGENTS. THESE PROCEDURES PROMISE FASTER ACCESS AND OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT FOR CANCER TREATMENT. TOGETHER, THESE APPROACHES PROVIDE NEW DISEASE-BASED AND DATA-DRIVEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PREDICTION AND APPLICATION OF TARGETED AND CLINICALLY USED DRUGS AT THE INTERFACE OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASES AND CANCER TOWARDS NEXT-GENERATION IMMUNOTHERAPIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8   264  29 ADVANCING ASTHMA CARE: THE GLASS IS ONLY HALF FULL! OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, THERE HAS BEEN A CONCERTED EFFORT IN THE UNITED STATES TO REDUCE MORBIDITY RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASE, INCLUDING ASTHMA. ATTENTION WAS INITIALLY DIRECTED TOWARD ASTHMA IN RESPONSE TO THE RECOGNITION THAT ASTHMA MORTALITY WAS INCREASING AND THAT THE BURDEN OF DISEASE WAS SIGNIFICANT. THESE EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ASTHMA MORTALITY LED TO MANY NEW INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES, IMPLEMENT THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE, CONDUCT RESEARCH TO FILL THE GAPS IN THE GUIDELINES, AND CONTINUOUSLY REVISE THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES AS MORE INFORMATION BECAME AVAILABLE. AN ASSESSMENT OF OUR PROGRESS SHOWS SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN RELATION TO REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATIONS. CONSEQUENTLY, WE ARE NOW AT A CROSSROADS IN ASTHMA CARE. ALTHOUGH WE HAVE RECOGNIZED SOME REMARKABLE ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY, THE AVAILABILITY OF NEW TOOLS TO MONITOR DISEASE ACTIVITY, INCLUDING BIOMARKERS AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS, ALONG WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS TO MONITOR ASTHMA CONTROL HOLD SOME PROMISE IN IDENTIFYING GAPS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. THESE ADVANCES SHOULD PROMPT THE EVOLUTION OF NEW STRATEGIES AND NEW TREATMENTS TO FURTHER REDUCE DISEASE BURDEN. IT NOW BECOMES IMPERATIVE TO CONTINUE A FOCUS ON WAYS TO FURTHER REDUCE THE BURDEN OF ASTHMA AND PREVENT ITS ONSET.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  1037  27 CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER PAIN. DESIGNING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS IS DIFFICULT. AN APPRECIATION OF THE UTILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF THESE ENTITIES REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH, THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO, AND HOW THEY MAY BE OPTIMALLY OPERATIONALIZED FOR BOTH CLINICAL AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN LIGHT OF THEIR INHERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS. IN ADDITION, CONSIDERATION FOR ADOPTING NEWER APPROACHES, SUCH AS FOLLOWING ONTOLOGICAL AND PRECISION-BASED MEDICINE PRINCIPLES, ACCOUNTING FOR GENETICS/EPIGENETIC AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND THE INCLUSION OF BIOMARKERS WILL POTENTIALLY RESULT IN MORE THOROUGH AND COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  5161  44 PRECISION AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: HOW GENOMIC APPROACH IMPROVES THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS GRADUALLY GROWN OVER THE LAST CENTURY. THIS HAS DEEPLY AFFECTED HEALTHCARE COSTS, SINCE THE GROWTH OF AN AGING POPULATION IS CORRELATED TO THE INCREASING BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS REPRESENTS THE INTERESTING CHALLENGE OF HOW TO MANAGE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE BUDGETS. EFFECTIVE PRIMARY PREVENTION COULD REPRESENT A PROMISING ROUTE. TO THIS END, PRECISION, TOGETHER WITH PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, ARE USEFUL INSTRUMENTS IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND TO GUIDE PHYSICIANS TO CHOOSE A TARGETED THERAPY TO MANAGE THE PATIENT. CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES REPRESENT SUITABLE MODELS FOR TAKING FULL ADVANTAGE OF PRECISION MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO ALL STAGES OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. THE AVAILABILITY OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ADVANCEMENT PROGRESS MADE IN THE FIELD OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH HAVE BEEN SUBSTANTIAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW GENES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AGING, NUTRITION, DRUGS, MICROBIOME AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAN IMPACT HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISORDERS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT REVIEW IS TO ADDRESS HOW PRECISION AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE CAN BRING GREATER CLARITY TO THE CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY OF THESE TYPES OF DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH MORTALITY, INVOLVING TREMENDOUS HEALTH CARE COSTS, BY DESCRIBING IN DETAIL THE METHODS THAT CAN BE APPLIED. THIS MIGHT OFFER PRECIOUS TOOLS FOR PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AND POSSIBLE CLUES ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE DISEASE AND COULD HELP IN PREDICTING MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND DETECTING CHRONIC DISEASE INDICATORS MUCH EARLIER IN THE DISEASE COURSE. THIS, OF COURSE, WILL HAVE A MAJOR EFFECT ON BOTH IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CARE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PATIENTS AND REDUCING TIME EFFORTS AND HEALTHCARE COSTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11  4429  41 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER. CANCER IS A GENETIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED CELL GROWTH AND METASTASIS. CANCER CAN HAVE A NUMBER OF CAUSES, SUCH THE ACTIVATION OF ONCOGENES, THE INACTIVATION OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENES, MUTAGENESIS PROVOKED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND TREATMENTS USING A MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL APPROACH PERMITS THE USE OF SENSITIVE, LOW-COST, NONINVASIVE TESTS FOR CANCER PATIENTS. BIOMARKERS CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE RAPID, PERSONALIZED ONCOLOGY, IN PARTICULAR THE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, AND GASTRIC, COLON, AND BREAST CANCERS. MOLECULAR TESTS BASED ON DNA METHYLATION CAN ALSO BE USED TO DIRECT TREATMENTS OR EVALUATE THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY. THE ADEQUATE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND PREDICTION OF THE RESPONSE OF CANCER PATIENTS TO TREATMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE THE MOST EFFECTIVE THERAPY, REDUCE THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT, AND DIRECT THE THERAPY TO SPECIFIC TARGETS, AND IN THIS CONTEXT, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT IN ONCOLOGY. IN THIS BRIEF REVIEW, WE WILL DEMONSTRATE THE FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF THREE TYPES OF CANCER-CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, HEREDITARY DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER, AND ASTROCYTOMAS (SPORADIC TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). IN EACH OF THESE THREE MODELS, DISTINCT BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CELLS, BUT IN ALL CASES, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IS FUNDAMENTAL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALIZED ANALYSES FOR EACH PATIENT AND EACH TYPE OF NEOPLASIA, AND TO GUARANTEE THE SUCCESS OF THE TREATMENT.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  5290  24 PROSTATE CANCER PREVENTION: AGENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES. DESPITE ADVANCES IN SURGERY, RADIATION, AND MEDICAL THERAPY OVER THE PAST DECADE AND THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF PSA SCREENING, PROSTATE CANCER CONTINUES TO BE THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH IN MEN IN THE UNITED STATES. INVASIVE CANCER IS THE END RESULT OF CARCINOGENESIS, A CHRONIC PROCESS OCCURRING OVER MANY YEARS DRIVEN BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. THE PROTRACTED NATURE OF THIS TRANSFORMATION TO THE MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO INTERVENE PHARMACOLOGICALLY TO PREVENT, REVERSE, OR DELAY CARCINOGENESIS, I.E. CHEMOPREVENTION. HEREIN, WE DESCRIBE THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF CANCER PREVENTION, AS OPPOSED TO CANCER TREATMENT, AGENT DEVELOPMENT CLINICAL TRIALS, AND PROVIDE A SUMMARY OF THE ONGOING RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD BEING SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  3773  37 INTERACTION OF CERVICAL MICROBIOME WITH EPIGENOME OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: SIGNIFICANCE OF INFLAMMATION TO PRIMARY HEALTHCARE. ONE PILLAR OF THE PREDICTIVE, PREVENTIVE, AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE FRAMEWORK STRATEGIES IS THE FEMALE HEALTH. THE EVALUATION OF WOMEN'S LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY HABITS IN CONTEXT WITH GENETIC AND MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS MAY REFLECT THE PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND PREDICTION OF CERVICAL LESION BEHAVIOR. THE MAIN AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO ANALYZE PUBLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PRECISION MEDICINE THAT ALLOW THE USE OF RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE OF CERVICAL MICROBIOME, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AND INFLAMMATION IN POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. PERSONALIZED APPROACH IN EVALUATING PATIENT'S RISK OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF CERVICAL ABNORMALITY SHOULD CONSIDER THE BIOMARKERS OF THE LOCAL MICROENVIRONMENT CHARACTERIZED BY THE MICROBIAL COMPOSITION, EPIGENETIC PATTERN OF CERVICAL EPITHELIUM, AND PRESENCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. NOVEL SEQUENCING TECHNIQUES ENABLE A MORE DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTUAL STATE IN CERVICAL EPITHELIUM. BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF ALL CHANGES IN MULTIOMICS LEVEL ENABLES A BETTER ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE PROGNOSIS AND SELECTS THE ELIGIBLE TARGETED THERAPY IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. RESTORING OF HEALTHY VAGINAL MICROFLORA AND REVERSING THE OUTBREAK OF CERVICAL ABNORMALITY CAN BE ALSO ACHIEVED BY DIETARY HABITS AS WELL AS UPTAKE OF PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, SYNBIOTICS, MICROBIAL TRANSPLANTATION, AND OTHERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14  3996  32 LOOKING FORWARD: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN CHRONIC AND ADVANCED PHASES OF MYELOFIBROSIS. MYELOFIBROSIS (MF) IS COMPLEX AT THE PATHOBIOLOGIC LEVEL AND HETEROGENEOUS AT THE CLINICAL LEVEL. THE ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MF PROVIDE IMPORTANT INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISMS DRIVING THIS CHRONIC MYELOID MALIGNANCY, REFINE RISK STRATIFICATION, OFFER NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, AND SERVE TO MEASURE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE. ALTHOUGH JAK2 INHIBITION HAS BEEN THE FOCUS OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL EFFORTS OVER THE LAST DECADE, CURRENT EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES HAVE BROADENED TO INCLUDE INHIBITORS OF KEY ALTERNATIVE SIGNALING PATHWAYS, EPIGENETIC MODULATORS, ANTI-FIBROTICS, AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES. BASED ON COMPELLING PRECLINICAL RATIONALE, A NUMBER OF JAK2 INHIBITOR BASED COMBINATION THERAPIES ARE NOW ACTIVELY BEING EVALUATED IN THE CLINIC WITH THE GOAL OF DISEASE COURSE MODIFICATION. THE ROLE AND TIMING OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT) FOR MF HAS BEEN CHALLENGED WITH THE AVAILABILITY OF COMMERCIAL RUXOLITINIB AND THE PLETHORA OF EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT OPTIONS THAT EXIST. INTEGRATION OF PRECONDITIONING JAK2 INHIBITION, REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING REGIMENS, AND ALTERNATIVE DONOR SOURCES ARE ALL BEING EXPLORED IN AN ATTEMPT TO OPTIMIZE THIS POTENTIALLY CURATIVE MODALITY. THIS REVIEW WILL SUMMARIZE MODERN MF RISK STRATIFICATION, CURRENT CLINICAL RESEARCH APPROACHES TO CHRONIC AND ADVANCE PHASE MF FOCUSING ON NOVEL AGENTS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION, AND UPDATE THE READER ON NEW DIRECTIONS IN HSCT.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15  4666  32 NEW INSIGHTS AND OPTIONS INTO THE MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS OF COMBINED TARGETED THERAPY AND IMMUNOTHERAPY IN PROSTATE CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS BELIEVED TO DRIVE PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS BY PRODUCING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES OR REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES TO INDUCE DNA DAMAGE. THIS EFFECT MIGHT SUBSEQUENTLY CAUSE EPIGENETIC AND GENOMIC ALTERATIONS, LEADING TO MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. ALTHOUGH ESTABLISHED THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES HAVE EXTENDED OVERALL SURVIVAL, TUMORS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER ARE PRONE TO METASTASIS, TRANSFORMATION INTO METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER, AND THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE. THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT (TME) OF PROSTATE CANCER IS INVOLVED IN CARCINOGENESIS, INVASION AND DRUG RESISTANCE. A PLETHORA OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON IMMUNE-BASED THERAPIES. UNDERSTANDING THE INTRICATE TME SYSTEM IN PROSTATE CANCER MAY HOLD MUCH PROMISE FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPIES, DESIGNING COMBINATIONAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES, AND FURTHER OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO ESTABLISHED TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS NONIMMUNE COMPONENTS AND VARIOUS IMMUNE CELLS WITHIN THE TME AND THEIR PUTATIVE ROLES DURING PROSTATE CANCER INITIATION, PROGRESSION, AND METASTASIS. WE ALSO OUTLINE THE UPDATED FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH FOCUSING ON THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES OF TARGETED THERAPY AS WELL AS COMBINATIONAL OPTIONS FOR PROSTATE CANCER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16   455  39 APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: YOGA IS WELL-THOUGHT-OUT AS AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH GLOBALLY AND CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN CLINICAL CARE AS AN INTEGRATIVE OR ALTERNATE APPROACH TO REGULAR TREATMENT. YOGA EXERCISE HAS BEEN DISCLOSED TO INFLUENCE REMISSION FROM CANCER CELLS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND ALSO REVERSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ONCOLOGY PATIENTS ARE SCARCE, HENCE THE NEED FOR A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. HENCE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONDUCT A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY. METHODS: THE REVIEW METHODOLOGY WAS INFORMED BY JOANNA BRIGG'S INSTITUTE GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEWS, AND THE REVIEW WAS REPORTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS. TEN DATABASES WERE SEARCHED. THE RECORDS OF ALL THE LITERATURE RETRIEVED FROM THE SEARCH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE RAYYAN SOFTWARE FOR DEDUPLICATION. AFTER THE FULL-TEXT SCREENING, ONLY TWO WERE FOUND ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION IN THE SCOPING REVIEW. DATA OBTAINED IN THE INCLUDED LITERATURE WERE EXTRACTED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THIS REVIEW FOUND THAT YOGA WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG ORAL CANCER PATIENTS (P-VALUES > 0.04). HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT YOGA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED ANXIETY, SALIVA STICKINESS, AND EPISODES OF FALLING ILL (P-VALUES < 0.05) WHILE IT IMPROVED MENTAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING, AND HEAD AND NECK PAIN OF THOSE ORAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED IT (P-VALUES < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE CARE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS NONPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS YOGA COULD HELP TO REDUCE CARE COST WHILE IMPROVING CARE OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS. HENCE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CONSIDER YOGA ALONG WITH ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS, AND WE RECOMMEND GRADUAL INCORPORATION OF YOGA INTO ORAL CANCER CARE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17  4344  29 MINIREVIEW: TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE: CHALLENGES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES. INCREASING IMPORTANCE IS PLACED ON THE TRANSLATIONAL VALIDITY OF ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE TO DISCERN RISK VS. BENEFIT FOR PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES AFTER THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE HEALTH. BASIC DISCOVERY RESEARCH CONDUCTED OVER MANY DECADES HAS BUILT AN EXTENSIVE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING REPRODUCTIVE SENESCENCE ACROSS MAMMALIAN SPECIES UPON WHICH TO ADVANCE ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE. MODIFICATIONS TO EXISTING ANIMAL MODELS COULD RAPIDLY ADDRESS TRANSLATIONAL GAPS RELEVANT TO CLINICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN MENOPAUSAL HEALTH, WHICH INCLUDE THE IMPACT OF 1) CHRONIC OVARIAN HORMONE DEPRIVATION AND HORMONE THERAPY, 2) CLINICALLY RELEVANT HORMONE THERAPY REGIMENS (CYCLIC VS. CONTINUOUS COMBINED), 3) CLINICALLY RELEVANT HORMONE THERAPY FORMULATIONS, AND 4) WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY AND OPTIMAL DURATION OF INTERVENTIONS. MODIFICATIONS IN EXISTING ANIMAL MODELS TO MORE ACCURATELY REPRESENT HUMAN MENOPAUSE AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS COULD RAPIDLY PROVIDE PRECLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL DATA TO PREDICT OUTCOMES REGARDING UNRESOLVED CLINICAL ISSUES RELEVANT TO WOMEN'S MENOPAUSAL HEALTH. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEXT GENERATION OF ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE COULD LEVERAGE ADVANCES IN IDENTIFYING GENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS TO DEVELOP PERSONALIZED MENOPAUSAL CARE AND TO PREDICT OUTCOMES OF INTERVENTIONS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OR VULNERABILITY TO DISEASE. KEY TO THE SUCCESS OF THESE MODELS IS THE CLOSE COUPLING BETWEEN THE TRANSLATIONAL TARGET AND THE RANGE OF PREDICTIVE VALIDITY. PRECLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE NEED TO KEEP PACE WITH CHANGES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. WITH FOCUS ON PREDICTIVE VALIDITY AND STRATEGIC USE OF ADVANCES IN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SCIENCE, NEW ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO SET NEW DIRECTIONS FOR MENOPAUSAL CLINICAL CARE FOR WOMEN WORLDWIDE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   456  46 APPLYING A LIFE COURSE BIOLOGICAL AGE FRAMEWORK TO IMPROVING THE CARE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ADULT CANCERS: REVIEW AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. IMPORTANCE: THE PRACTICE OF ONCOLOGY WILL INCREASINGLY INVOLVE THE CARE OF A GROWING POPULATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH MIDLIFE AND LATE-LIFE CANCERS. MANAGING CANCER IN THESE INDIVIDUALS IS COMPLEX, BASED ON DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL AGE AT DIAGNOSIS. BIOLOGICAL AGE IS A MEASURE OF ACCUMULATED LIFE COURSE DAMAGE TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, LOSS OF RESERVE, AND VULNERABILITY TO FUNCTIONAL DETERIORATION AND DEATH. BIOLOGICAL AGE IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT AFFECTS THE ABILITY TO MANAGE THE RIGORS OF CANCER THERAPY, SURVIVORS' FUNCTION, AND CANCER PROGRESSION. HOWEVER, BIOLOGICAL AGE IS NOT ALWAYS CLINICALLY APPARENT. THIS REVIEW PRESENTS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF LIFE COURSE BIOLOGICAL AGING, SUMMARIZES CANDIDATE MEASURES, AND DESCRIBES A RESEARCH AGENDA TO FACILITATE CLINICAL TRANSLATION TO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE. OBSERVATIONS: MIDLIFE AND LATE-LIFE CANCERS ARE CHRONIC DISEASES THAT MAY ARISE FROM CUMULATIVE PATTERNS OF BIOLOGICAL AGING OCCURRING OVER THE LIFE COURSE. BEFORE DIAGNOSIS, EACH NEW PATIENT WAS ON A DISTINCT COURSE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING RELATED TO PAST EXPOSURES, LIFE EXPERIENCES, GENETICS, AND NONCANCER CHRONIC DISEASE. CANCER AND ITS TREATMENTS MAY ALSO BE ASSOCIATED WITH BIOLOGICAL AGING. SEVERAL MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE, INCLUDING P16INK4A, EPIGENETIC AGE, TELOMERE LENGTH, AND INFLAMMATORY AND BODY COMPOSITION MARKERS, HAVE BEEN USED IN ONCOLOGY RESEARCH. ONE OR MORE OF THESE MEASURES MAY BE USEFUL IN CANCER CARE, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH CLINICAL HISTORY AND GERIATRIC ASSESSMENTS. HOWEVER, FURTHER RESEARCH WILL BE NEEDED BEFORE BIOLOGICAL AGE ASSESSMENT CAN BE RECOMMENDED IN ROUTINE PRACTICE, INCLUDING DETERMINATION OF SITUATIONS IN WHICH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BIOLOGICAL AGE WOULD CHANGE TREATMENT, ASCERTAINING WHETHER TREATMENT EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL AGING ARE SHORT-LIVED OR PERSISTENT, AND TESTING INTERVENTIONS TO MODIFY BIOLOGICAL AGE, DECREASE TREATMENT TOXIC EFFECTS, AND MAINTAIN FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL AGING COULD ULTIMATELY ALLOW CLINICIANS TO BETTER PERSONALIZE TREATMENT AND SUPPORTIVE CARE, DEVELOP TAILORED SURVIVORSHIP CARE PLANS, AND PRESCRIBE PREVENTIVE OR AMELIORATIVE THERAPIES AND BEHAVIORS INFORMED BY AGING MECHANISMS.	2021	
                                                   
19  6252  29 THE MICROBIOME AND CANCER: IMPLICATIONS FOR ONCOLOGY NURSING SCIENCE. BACKGROUND: APPROXIMATELY 1.6 MILLION AMERICANS WERE DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER IN 2014. TO COMBAT THEIR DISEASE, MANY INDIVIDUALS RECEIVED EITHER CURATIVE OR PALLIATIVE TREATMENTS THAT PRODUCED UNDESIRED SYMPTOMS. THESE SYMPTOMS, WHICH OFTEN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS FOR INDIVIDUALS COPING WITH CANCER, MAY SHARE BIOLOGIC UNDERPINNINGS SUCH AS EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND IMMUNE DYSREGULATION. ALTERATIONS IN THE NORMAL FLORA OF THE GUT MAY ALSO INFLUENCE CANCER SYMPTOMS. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO DESCRIBE THE EMERGING ROLE FOR THE GUT MICROBIOME IN CANCER RESEARCH, ESPECIALLY THE POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GUT MICROBIOME AND CANCER SYMPTOMS. METHODS: EXTANT LITERATURE WAS REVIEWED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THE MAJORITY OF STUDIES LINKING THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND CANCER ARE ANIMAL MODELS AND FOCUS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DYSBIOSIS AND COLORECTAL CANCER. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT THE "GUT-BRAIN" CONNECTION IS A PLAUSIBLE MECHANISM FOR "PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL" CANCER SYMPTOMS SUCH AS DEPRESSION, PAIN, AND FATIGUE. CONCLUSIONS: THERE IS COMPELLING EVIDENCE THAT THE GUT MICROBIOTA AFFECTS CANCER VIA SEVERAL MECHANISMS, INCLUDING MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND NUMBER, METABOLISM, AND/OR IMMUNE INITIATION. HOWEVER, MORE RESEARCH IS NECESSARY TO ELUCIDATE THESE MECHANISMS, PARTICULARLY AMONG A VARIETY OF CANCERS AND CANCER-RELATED SYMPTOMS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN CANCER SYMPTOMS MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED INDIVIDUALIZED INTERVENTIONS AFFECTING THE GUT MICROBIOTA THAT PREVENT OR AMELIORATE DYSBIOSIS, THEREBY REDUCING SYMPTOMS. THESE INTERVENTIONS MAY EMPHASIZE SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ESSENTIAL FOR WELLNESS, SUCH AS DIET, NUTRITION, AND STRESS REDUCTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20   467  33 ARE WE FINALLY GETTING PERSONAL? MOVING TOWARDS A PERSONALIZED APPROACH IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. WITH ITS HETEROGENEOUS BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND CLINICAL COURSE, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), THE MOST FREQUENT ADULT LEUKEMIA IN THE WESTERN WORLD, IS A PARADIGMATIC CONDITION REQUIRING A TAILORED APPROACH AND A PRECISE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BIOLOGY BEHIND EACH INDIVIDUAL PATIENT. THIS PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT IS BECOMING EVEN MORE CRUCIAL, SINCE, AFTER DECADES OF PRECLINICAL WORK UNRAVELLING THE KEY ROLE OF THE B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC MECHANISMS IN CLL CELL SURVIVAL AND PROLIFERATION, WE HAVE NOW BCR AND BCL2 INHIBITORS AVAILABLE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. THANKS TO THIS, WE ARE NOW ABLE TO EXPLOIT SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS TO TAILOR OUR TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPROVE LONG-TERM DISEASE CONTROL, PATIENT OUTCOME AND QUALITY OF LIFE. THAT NOTWITHSTANDING, AS THE DISEASE ITSELF REMAINS INCURABLE, NOVEL CHALLENGES AND UNMET CLINICAL NEEDS HAVE RISEN FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF NOVEL TARGETED AGENTS, INCLUDING MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE AT BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC LEVELS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE CURRENTLY ESTABLISHED PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS (I.E. IGHV MUTATION STATUS AND TP53 GENE DISRUPTION) THAT SHOULD BE APPLIED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE TO INFORM TREATMENT DECISION IN 2021 BUT ALSO DISCUSS THE MOST PROMISING PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS (B-CELL RECEPTOR STEREOTYPY, COMPLEX KARYOTYPE, SOMATIC GENE MUTATIONS, MEASURABLE RESIDUAL DISEASE - MRD) THAT MIGHT BECOME KEY TO DEFINE THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR PATIENTS IN A NEAR FUTURE.	2022