1  5010 136 PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC, ARACHIDONIC AND OLEIC ACID IN RELATION TO THE INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE AND CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID IN THE CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF CARCINOGENESIS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. ANALYSIS OF 7,8-DIHYDRO-8-OXO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OXODG) LEVELS IN 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (DG) AND ISOLATED DNA HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID ARE CAPABLE OF INDUCING THIS SPECIFIC GENOTOXIC DAMAGE. THIS EFFECT APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF FATTY ACID UNSATURATION, SINCE IT WAS NOT INDUCED BY MONOUNSATURATED OLEIC ACID. ENZYMATIC PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID RESULTED IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. STUDIES ON THE INTERFERENCE OF RADICAL SCAVENGERS WITH THE INDUCTION OF 8-OXODG IN COMBINATION WITH ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE SUPEROXIDE ANION WAS GENERATED DURING PEROXIDATION OF THESE FATTY ACIDS AND THAT SINGLET OXYGEN IS MOST LIKELY INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN DG AND SINGLE-STRANDED DNA WAS HIGHER AS COMPARED TO THAT IN NATIVE DNA AFTER EQUIMOLAR TREATMENT. EXPOSURE OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES TO LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID DID NOT RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN LEVELS OF 8-OXODG. THIS MAY INDICATE THAT THE RATE OF INTRACELLULAR PEROXIDATION IS RELATIVELY LOW AND/OR THAT NUCLEAR DNA IN INTACT CELLS IS EFFECTIVELY PROTECTED AGAINST GENETIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. IT IS THEREFORE CONCLUDED THAT RELATIVELY SHORT PERIODS OF LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ARE NOT LIKELY TO IMPOSE A DIRECT GENOTOXIC RISK. IT CAN, HOWEVER, NOT BE EXCLUDED THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INDUCES OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE OR IS RELATED TO CANCER RISK BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AS IS ALSO INDICATED BY THE OBSERVED CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID.	1994	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2  1399  41 DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MODULATES EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO IONIZING RADIATION IN MICE. BOTH EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION AND OBESITY HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PATHOLOGIES INCLUDING CANCER. THERE IS A CRUCIAL NEED IN BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIZING RADIATION EFFECTS (ESPECIALLY AT LOW DOSES) AND OTHER RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS OBESITY. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE RADIATION RESPONSES IN OBESE ANIMALS, C3H AND C57BL/6J MICE FED A CONTROL NORMAL FAT OR A HIGH FAT (HF) DIET WERE EXPOSED TO FRACTIONATED DOSES OF X-RAYS (0.75 GY X4). BONE MARROW MICRONUCLEUS ASSAYS DID NOT SUGGEST A MODULATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY BY HF DIET. USING MSP, WE OBSERVED THAT THE PROMOTERS OF P16 AND DAPK GENES WERE METHYLATED IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A HF DIET (IRRADIATED AND NON-IRRADIATED); MGMT PROMOTER WAS METHYLATED IN IRRADIATED AND/OR HF DIET-FED MICE. IN ADDITION, METHYLATION PCR ARRAYS IDENTIFIED EP300 AND SOCS1 (WHOSE PROMOTERS EXHIBITED HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS IN NON-IRRADIATED HF DIET-FED MICE) AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR FURTHER STUDIES. WE THEN COMPARED MICRORNA REGULATIONS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A NORMAL OR AN HF DIET, USING MICRORNA ARRAYS. INTERESTINGLY, RADIATION-TRIGGERED MICRORNA REGULATIONS OBSERVED IN NORMAL MICE WERE NOT OBSERVED IN OBESE MICE. MIR-466E WAS UPREGULATED IN NON-IRRADIATED OBESE MICE. IN VITRO FREE FATTY ACID (PALMITIC ACID, OLEIC ACID) ADMINISTRATION SENSITIZED AML12 MOUSE LIVER CELLS TO IONIZING RADIATION, BUT THE INHIBITION OF MIR-466E COUNTERACTED THIS RADIO-SENSITIZATION, SUGGESTING THAT THE MODULATION OF RADIATION RESPONSES BY DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MIGHT INVOLVE MIR-466E EXPRESSION. ALL TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THE EXISTENCE OF DIETARY EFFECTS ON RADIATION RESPONSES (ESPECIALLY EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS) IN MICE, POSSIBLY IN RELATIONSHIP WITH OBESITY-INDUCED CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3  2794  30 FATTY ACIDS, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CHRONIC DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ILLNESSES LIKE OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, ARE WORLDWIDE MAJOR CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. THESE PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS INVOLVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. RECENT ADVANCES IN NUTRIEPIGENOMICS ARE CONTRIBUTING TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF SOME NUTRITIONAL FACTORS, INCLUDING DIETARY FATTY ACIDS IN GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES CURRENTLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE ROLE OF THE DIFFERENT FATTY ACIDS ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES OR INDUCE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. METHODS: A TARGETED SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN THE PUBMED/MEDLINE DATABASES USING THE KEYWORDS "FATTY ACIDS AND EPIGENETIC". THE DATA WERE ANALYZED ACCORDING TO THE PRISMA-P GUIDELINES. RESULTS: CONSUMPTION FATTY ACIDS LIKE N-3 PUFA: EPA AND DHA, AND MUFA: OLEIC AND PALMITOLEIC ACID WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN IMPROVEMENT OF METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, FATTY ACIDS THAT HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OR DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY, T2D, PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND IR WERE N-6 PUFA, SATURATED FATTY ACIDS (STEARIC AND PALMITIC), AND TRANS FATTY ACIDS (ELAIDIC), HAVE BEEN ALSO LINKED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES. CONCLUSIONS: FATTY ACIDS CAN REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION BY MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENTLY RESULT IN POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON METABOLIC OUTCOMES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  4110  26 MECHANISMS BY WHICH PLEIOTROPIC AMPHIPHILIC N-3 PUFA REDUCE COLON CANCER RISK. COLORECTAL CANCER IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF CANCER-RELATED MORTALITY IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN WORLDWIDE. GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DIET ARE PRIMARY DETERMINANTS OF CANCER RISK AND TUMOR BEHAVIOR. EXPERIMENTAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, AND CLINICAL DATA SUBSTANTIATE THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) IN PREVENTING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND COLON CANCER. FROM A MECHANISTIC PERSPECTIVE, N-3 PUFA ARE PLEIOTROPIC AND MULTIFACETED WITH RESPECT TO THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ACTION. FOR EXAMPLE, THIS CLASS OF DIETARY LIPID UNIQUELY ALTERS MEMBRANE STRUCTURE/ CYTOSKELETAL FUNCTION, IMPACTING MEMBRANE RECEPTOR FUNCTION AND DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING CASCADES, INCLUDING GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND CELL PHENOTYPE. IN ADDITION, N-3 PUFA CAN SYNERGIZE WITH OTHER POTENTIAL ANTI-TUMOR AGENTS, SUCH AS FERMENTABLE FIBER AND CURCUMIN. WITH THE RISING PREVALENCE OF DIET-INDUCED OBESITY, THERE IS ALSO AN URGENT NEED TO ELUCIDATE THE LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND COLON CANCER RISK IN OBESITY. IN THIS REVIEW, WE WILL SUMMARIZE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS LINKING N-3 PUFA INTAKE, MEMBRANE ALTERATIONS, EPIGENETIC MODULATION, AND EFFECTS ON OBESITY-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER RISK.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5  4071  27 MATERNAL DIETARY DEFICIENCY OF N-3 FATTY ACIDS AFFECTS METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC PHENOTYPES OF THE DEVELOPING FETUS. POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAS) PLAY MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES. THEY REGULATE THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANES AND CELL GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION, AND APOPTOSIS. IN ADDITION, PUFAS ARE INVOLVED IN CELLULAR SIGNALING, GENE EXPRESSION AND SERVE AS PRECURSORS TO SECOND MESSENGERS SUCH AS EICOSANOIDS, DOCOSANOIDS ETC. AND REGULATE SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING PLACENTATION, INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY, ANGIOGENESIS, PLATELET FUNCTION, SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, NEUROGENESIS, BONE FORMATION, ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS, PAIN SENSITIVITY, STRESS, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS. LINOLEIC ACID, 18:2N-6 (LA) AND ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID, 18:3N-3 (ALA) ARE THE TWO ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED FROM THE DIETS AND SUBSEQUENTLY THEIR LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (LCPUFAS) ARE ACCUMULATED IN THE BODY. THE MATERNAL PLASMA LCPUFAS ESPECIALLY ACCUMULATED IN LARGER AMOUNTS IN THE BRAIN DURING THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY VIA THE PLACENTA AND POSTNATALLY FROM MOTHER'S BREAST MILK. VARIOUS STUDIES, INCLUDING OURS, SUGGEST PUFA'S IMPORTANT ROLE IN PLACENTATION, AS WELL AS IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, INTAKES OF MATERNAL N-3 PUFAS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION ARE MUCH LOWER IN INDIA COMPARED WITH THE WESTERN POPULATION. IN INDIA, N-3 FATTY ACID STATUS IS FURTHER REDUCED BY HIGHER INTAKE OF N-6 PUFA RICH OILS AND TRANS FATS. MORE DATA ON THE IMPACTS OF LONG TERM MATERNAL N-3 PUFA DEFICIENCY ON PLACENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, GENE EXPRESSION, EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND RESULTANT COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF FETUS & INFANTS ARE EMERGING. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE IMPACTS OF N-3 PUFA DEFICIENCY IN UTERO ON FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, ADIPOSITY, ENERGY METABOLISM, MUSCULOSKELETAL DEVELOPMENT, AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FETO-PLACENTAL AXIS FROM THE RECENTLY AVAILABLE PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL DATA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6  4977  39 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF DIETARY FATS AND LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ACROSS THE LIFE CYCLE. DIETARY FAT IS OUR SECOND MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY-PRODUCING MACRONUTRIENT. IT ALSO CONTAINS FATTY ACIDS AND VITAMINS ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND MAINTENANCE OF GOOD HEALTH. DIETARY FAT QUANTITY AND QUALITY HAVE BEEN SUBJECT TO TREMENDOUS CHANGE OVER THE PAST 10,000 YEARS. THIS HAS, TOGETHER WITH OTHER MAN-MADE CHANGES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT, CAUSED A CONFLICT WITH OUR SLOWLY ADAPTING GENOME THAT IS IMPLICATED IN "TYPICALLY WESTERN" DISEASES. RATHER THAN REDUCING OUR LIFE EXPECTANCY, THESE DISEASES NOTABLY DIMINISH OUR NUMBER OF YEARS IN HEALTH. IMPORTANT CHANGES IN DIETARY FAT QUALITY ARE THE INCREASED INTAKES OF CERTAIN SATURATED FATTY ACIDS (SAFA) AND LINOLEIC ACID (LA), INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED TRANS FATTY ACIDS, AND REDUCED INTAKES OF OMEGA3 FATTY ACIDS, NOTABLY ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (ALA) FROM VEGETABLE SOURCES AND EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA) AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FROM FISH. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THESE CHANGES ARE DIVERSE, BUT ARE INCREASINGLY ASCRIBED TO INDUCTION OF A PROINFLAMMATORY STATE THAT PROGRESSES EASILY TO CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. THE LATTER MIGHT AFFECT VIRTUALLY ALL ORGANS AND SYSTEMS, POSSIBLY BEGINNING AT CONCEPTION, AND POSSIBLY EVEN PRIOR TO GAMETOGENESIS THROUGH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION MIGHT BE A COMMON DENOMINATOR OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS SEQUELAE (E.G., CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD), DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2, SOME TYPES OF CANCER, AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS), SOME PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES (E.G., MAJOR AND POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION, SCHIZOPHRENIA, AND AUTISM), AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (E.G., ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PARKINSON'S DISEASE). THE LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (LCPUFA) ARACHIDONIC ACID (AA), EPA, AND DHA ARE INTIMATELY RELATED TO THE INITIATION AND RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. THE CURRENT BALANCE BETWEEN AA AND EPA + DHA IS HOWEVER DISTURBED BY THE DOMINANCE OF AA, WHICH ORIGINATES FROM THE DIET OR SYNTHESIS FROM LA. LCPUFA ARE TOGETHER WITH THEIR HIGHLY POTENT METABOLITES (PROSTAGLANDINS, THROMBOXANES, LEUKOTRIENES, RESOLVINS, AND (NEURO)PROTECTINS) INVOLVED IN THE FUNCTIONING OF MEMBRANE-BOUND RECEPTORS, TRANSPORTERS, ION CHANNELS, AND ENZYMES, AND ALSO IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND GENE EXPRESSION. AMONG THEIR MANY TARGETS ARE NUCLEAR RECEPTORS WHICH, UPON LIGATION WITH LCPUFA AND THEIR METABOLITES, FUNCTION AS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS OF A VARIETY OF GENES FUNCTIONING IN MANY PATHWAYS. FOR INSTANCE, THE TARGETED PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPARS) ARE STRATEGIC INTERMEDIATES IN THE COORDINATED EXPRESSION OF PROTEINS WITH FUNCTIONS IN, FOR EXAMPLE, LIPID AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS AND INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS. MANY INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED WITH LCPUFA, ESPECIALLY EPA AND DHA, AIMING AT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CAD PREVENTIONS, IMPROVEMENT OF FETAL AND NEWBORN (BRAIN) DEVELOPMENT BY SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY OR EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE, AND IN PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES. CONSENSUS HAS BEEN REACHED THAT THOSE IN CAD AND DEPRESSION ARE POSITIVE, ALTHOUGH MORE LARGE-SCALE TRIALS ARE NEEDED. MANY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE INTAKES OF SATURATED FAT, TRANS FAT AND EPA + DHA HAVE BEEN ISSUED, NOTABLY FOR CAD PREVENTION, AND ALSO FOR EPA + DHA INTAKES BY PREGNANT WOMEN AND FOR AA, EPA, AND DHA INTAKES BY NEWBORNS. THE ULTIMATE GOAL MIGHT, HOWEVER, BE TO RETURN TO THE FAT QUALITY OF OUR ANCIENT DIET ON WHICH OUR GENES HAVE EVOLVED DURING THE PAST MILLION YEARS OF EVOLUTION, WHILE THIS ACTUALLY APPLIES FOR OUR ENTIRE DIETARY COMPOSITION AND LIFESTYLE, AS TRANSLATED TO THE CULTURE OF THE CURRENT SOCIETY.	2010	

7  5112  21 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: BIOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND EPIGENETIC PROPERTIES. DIETARY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) HAVE EFFECTS ON DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IMPACTING NORMAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS THE REGULATION OF PLASMA LIPID LEVELS, CARDIOVASCULAR AND IMMUNE FUNCTION, INSULIN ACTION AND NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND VISUAL FUNCTION. INGESTION OF PUFA WILL LEAD TO THEIR DISTRIBUTION TO VIRTUALLY EVERY CELL IN THE BODY WITH EFFECTS ON MEMBRANE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION, EICOSANOID SYNTHESIS, CELLULAR SIGNALING AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. CELL SPECIFIC LIPID METABOLISM, AS WELL AS THE EXPRESSION OF FATTY ACID-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, LIKELY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN DETERMINING HOW CELLS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN PUFA COMPOSITION. THIS REVIEW WILL FOCUS ON RECENT ADVANCES ON THE ESSENTIALITY OF THESE MOLECULES AND ON THEIR INTERPLAY IN CELL PHYSIOLOGY, LEADING TO NEW PERSPECTIVE IN DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC FIELDS.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  2320  35 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND M2 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AS NEW POTENTIAL OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID TARGETS IN COLON INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. INTRODUCTION: IT HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY CLEAR THAT DIETARY HABITS MAY AFFECT THE RISK/PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC DISEASES WITH A PATHOGENIC INFLAMMATORY COMPONENT, SUCH AS COLORECTAL CANCER. CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARD THE ABILITY OF NUTRITIONAL AGENTS TO TARGET KEY MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THESE INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES. AREAS COVERED: OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) AND THEIR OXIDATIVE METABOLITES HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE INTEREST AS POSSIBLE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-CANCER AGENTS, ESPECIALLY IN AREAS SUCH AS THE LARGE BOWEL, WHERE THE INFLUENCE OF ORALLY INTRODUCED SUBSTANCES IS HIGH AND TUMORS SHOW DERANGED PUFA PATTERNS. ON THIS BASIS, WE HAVE ANALYZED PRE-CLINICAL FINDINGS THAT HAVE RECENTLY REVEALED NEW INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS TARGETED BY OMEGA-3 PUFA. EXPERT OPINION: THE FINDINGS ANALYZED HEREIN DEMONSTRATE THAT OMEGA-3 PUFA MAY EXERT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND ALTERING M2 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION DURING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. THESE MECHANISMS NEED TO BE BETTER EXPLORED IN THE LARGE BOWEL, AND FURTHER STUDIES COULD BETTER CLARIFY THEIR ROLE AND THE POTENTIAL OF DIETARY INTERVENTIONS WITH OMEGA-3 PUFA IN THE LARGE BOWEL. THE EPIGENOMIC MECHANISM IS DISCUSSED IN VIEW OF THE POTENTIAL OF OMEGA-3 PUFA TO ENHANCE THE EFFICACY OF OTHER AGENTS USED IN THE THERAPY OF COLORECTAL CANCER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  3241  25 HEPATIC MICRORNA MODULATION MIGHT BE AN EARLY EVENT TO NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY HIGH-FAT DIET IN MALE MICE. INTRODUCTION: METABOLIC ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY AN IMBALANCE OF MACRONUTRIENT CONSUMPTION ARE OFTEN RELATED TO THE MODULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), WHICH COULD ALTER MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE AND ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD). AIMS: THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIRNAS IN MODULATING EARLY STAGES OF NAFLD IN MICE SUBMITTED TO A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS: MALE SWISS MICE, FED EITHER A CONTROL DIET OR AN HFD FOR 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 56 DAYS, WERE ASSESSED FOR METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, GENE EXPRESSION AND NAFLD MARKERS. A HEPATOCYTE CELL LINE WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MIR-370 MODULATION ON ENZYMES INVOLVED IN BETA-OXIDATION. BODY WEIGHT AND ADIPOSITY WERE HIGHER AFTER 7 DAYS OF HFD. FASTING GLUCOSE AND INSULIN INCREASED AFTER 3 AND 7 DAYS OF HFD, RESPECTIVELY. WHILE HEPATIC LIPID CONTENT INCREASED FROM THE FIRST DAY ON, HEPATIC GLYCOGEN HAD A DECREASE AFTER 3 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION. MIR-370 AND LET-7 EXPRESSION INCREASED WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HFD, ACCOMPANIED BY CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A), ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE VERY LONG CHAIN (ACADVL) AND PROTEIN KINASE AMP-ACTIVATED CATALYTIC SUBUNIT 2 (PRKAA2) DOWNREGULATION, WHILE DECREASED MIR-122 EXPRESSION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY 1-ACYLGLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE-O-ACYLTRANSFERASE (AGPAT) UPREGULATION AFTER 56 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION, SOME OF THEM CONFIRMED BY IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. DESPITE FLUCTUATIONS IN TNFA AND IL6 MRNA LEVELS, MOLECULAR MODULATION WAS CONSISTENT WITH HEPATIC TG AND NAFLD DEVELOPMENT. CONCLUSION: HEPATIC MIR-370-122-LET7 MIRNA MODULATION COULD BE THE FIRST INSULT TO NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, PRECEDING CHANGES IN GLYCEMIC HOMEOSTASIS AND ADIPOSITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10  5582  33 ROLE OF NITRATIVE AND OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED CARCINOGENESIS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL FACTORS HAS BEEN FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCREASED RISK OF CANCER IN VARIOUS ORGANS. WE REVEALED THAT INFECTIOUS AGENTS INCLUDING LIVER FLUKE, HELICOBACTER PYLORI, AND HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND NONINFECTIOUS AGENTS SUCH AS ASBESTOS FIBER INDUCED INOS-DEPENDENT FORMATION OF 8-NITROGUANINE AND 8-OXO-7, 8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OXODG) IN CANCER TISSUES AND PRECANCEROUS REGIONS. OUR RESULTS WITH THE COLOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHORYLATED ATM AND GAMMA-H2AX WITH 8-OXODG AND 8-NITROGUANINE IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANCER TISSUES SUGGEST THAT DNA BASE DAMAGE LEADS TO DOUBLE-STRANDED BREAKS. IT IS INTERESTING FROM THE ASPECT OF GENETIC INSTABILITY. WE ALSO DEMONSTRATED IL-6-MODULATED INOS EXPRESSION VIA STAT3 AND EGFR IN EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS-ASSOCIATED NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA AND FOUND PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN SEVERAL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES. SUCH EPIGENETIC ALTERATION MAY OCCUR BY CONTROLLING THE DNA METHYLATION THROUGH IL-6-MEDIATED JAK/STAT3 PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, 8-NITROGUANINE WOULD BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER FOR PREDICTING THE RISK OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANCERS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  4711  34 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A ROLE FOR NUTRITION? NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BECOME THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN, PARALLELING THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WORLDWIDE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF PAEDIATRIC NAFLD IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, BUT IT IS KNOWN THAT OBESITY, NUTRITION, LIFESTYLE VARIABLES, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY BE CAUSALLY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS COMMON METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE. IN PARTICULAR, OBESITY AND NUTRITION ARE AMONG THE STRONGEST RISK FACTORS FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD, WHICH MAY EXERT THEIR ADVERSE HEPATIC EFFECTS ALREADY BEFORE BIRTH. EXCESS ENERGY INTAKE INDUCES HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASIA OF ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR NAFLD. DIET COMPOSITION AND IN PARTICULAR SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE (ESPECIALLY HIGH FRUCTOSE INTAKE) MAY PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, WHEREAS NON-DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES (DIETARY FIBER), BY AFFECTING GUT MICROBIOTA, MAY FAVOUR THE INTEGRITY OF GUT WALL AND REDUCE INFLAMMATION, OPPOSING THIS PROCESS. SATURATED FAT INTAKE MAY ALSO PROMOTE NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, WHEREAS UNSATURATED FAT INTAKE HAS SOME BENEFICIAL EFFECTS. PROTEIN INTAKE DOES NOT SEEM TO AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, BUT FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED. IN CONCLUSION, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS TO INDUCE WEIGHT LOSS, THROUGH DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, REMAIN THE MAINSTAY OF TREATMENT FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD. THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, SUCH AS OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND PROBIOTICS, NEEDS FURTHER STUDY BEFORE RECOMMENDATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12  4286  35 MICRORNA EXPRESSION ANALYSIS IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED NAFLD-NASH-HCC PROGRESSION: STUDY ON C57BL/6J MICE. BACKGROUND: HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE LIVER. NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS A FREQUENT CHRONIC LIVER DISORDER IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. NAFLD CAN PROGRESS THROUGH THE MORE SEVERE NON ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH), CIRRHOSIS AND, LASTLY, HCC. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF CODING GENES AS WELL AS DEREGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ACTIVITY PLAY A ROLE IN HCC DEVELOPMENT. IN THIS STUDY, THE C57BL/6J MOUSE MODEL WAS LONG TERM HIGH-FAT (HF) OR LOW-FAT (LF) DIET FED, IN ORDER TO ANALYZE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HEPATIC DAMAGE PROGRESSION. METHODS: MICE WERE HF OR LF DIET FED FOR DIFFERENT TIME POINTS, THEN PLASMA AND HEPATIC TISSUES WERE COLLECTED. HISTOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE PROGRESSION OF LIVER DISEASE. MICRORNAS' DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION WAS EVALUATED ON POOLED RNAS FROM TISSUES, AND SOME MIRNAS SHOWING DYSREGULATION WERE FURTHER ANALYZED AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL. RESULTS: CHOLESTEROL, LOW AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, TRIGLYCERIDES AND ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE INCREASE WAS DETECTED IN HF MICE. GROSS ANATOMICAL EXAMINATION REVEALED HEPATOMEGALY IN HF LIVERS, AND HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTED DIFFERENT DEGREES AND LEVELS OF STEATOSIS, INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE AND FIBROSIS IN HF AND LF ANIMALS, DEMONSTRATING THE PROGRESSION FROM NAFLD THROUGH NASH. MACROSCOPIC NODULES, SHOWING TYPICAL NEOPLASTIC FEATURES, WERE OBSERVED IN 20% OF HF DIET FED MICE. FIFTEEN MIRNAS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN HF WITH RESPECT TO LF HEPATIC TISSUES DURING THE PROGRESSION OF LIVER DAMAGE, AND IN TUMORS WITH RESPECT TO HF NON TUMOR LIVER SPECIMENS WERE IDENTIFIED. AMONG THEM, MIR-340-5P, MIR-484, MIR-574-3P, MIR-720, WHOSE EXPRESSION WAS NEVER DESCRIBED IN NAFLD, NASH AND HCC TISSUES, AND MIR-125A-5P AND MIR-182, WHICH SHOWED EARLY AND SIGNIFICANT DYSREGULATION IN THE SEQUENTIAL HEPATIC DAMAGE PROCESS. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY, FIFTEEN MICRORNAS WHICH WERE MODULATED IN HEPATIC TISSUES AND IN TUMORS DURING THE TRANSITION NAFLD-NASH-HCC ARE REPORTED. BESIDES SOME ALREADY DESCRIBED, NEW AND EARLY DYSREGULATED MIRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES ARE NEEDED TO VALIDATE THE RESULTS HERE OBTAINED, AND TO BETTER DEFINE THE ROLE OF THESE MOLECULES IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE HEPATIC DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  5074  32 PHYSIOLOGIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS ON DISEASE PATHWAYS. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY NUTRIENTS CAN INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES. THIS STUDY SOUGHT TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT FAMILIES IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVENTING CHRONIC METABOLIC DISEASES VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THE INHIBITION OF LIPID ACCUMULATION AND INFLAMMATION BY NUTRIENTS INCLUDING PROTEINS, LIPIDS, VITAMINS, AND MINERALS WERE OBSERVED, AND HISTONE ACETYLATION BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) WAS MEASURED. CORRELATIVE ANALYSES WERE ALSO PERFORMED. MATERIALS/METHODS: NUTRIENTS WERE SELECTED ACCORDING TO INFORMATION FROM THE KOREAN MINISTRY OF FOOD AND DRUG SAFETY. SELECTED NUTRIENT FUNCTIONALITIES, INCLUDING THE ATTENUATION OF FATTY ACID-INDUCED LIPID ACCUMULATION AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-MEDIATED ACUTE INFLAMMATION WERE EVALUATED IN MOUSE MACROPHAGE RAW264.7 AND MOUSE HEPATOCYTE AML-12 CELLS. EFFECTS OF THE SELECTED NUTRIENTS ON IN VITRO HAT INHIBITION WERE ALSO EVALUATED. RESULTS: NITRIC OXIDE (NO) PRODUCTION CORRELATED WITH HAT ACTIVITY, WHICH WAS REGULATED BY THE AMINO ACIDS GROUP, SUGGESTING THAT AMINO ACIDS POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATTENUATION OF NO PRODUCTION VIA THE INHIBITION OF HAT ACTIVITY. UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS TENDED TO ATTENUATE INFLAMMATION BY INHIBITING NO PRODUCTION, WHICH MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE INHIBITION OF IN VITRO HAT ACTIVITY. IN CONTRAST TO WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS, THE LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED NO PRODUCTION. WATER- AND LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS BOTH EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANT INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AGAINST HAT. IN ADDITION, CALCIUM AND MANGANESE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED LIPID ACCUMULATION, NO PRODUCTION, AND HAT ACTIVITY. CONCLUSIONS: SEVERAL CANDIDATE NUTRIENTS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS MAY HAVE ROLES IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASES, INCLUDING HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND INFLAMMATION-RELATED DISEASES (I.E., NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS) VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION. FURTHER STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO DETERMINE WHICH SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS, UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS OR SPECIFIC MINERALS INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEATOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14  1837  38 EFFECTS OF PALMITATE ON GENOME-WIDE MRNA EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLETS. BACKGROUND: CIRCULATING FREE FATTY ACIDS ARE OFTEN ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) AND OBESE INDIVIDUALS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS HAS DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON ISLET FUNCTION AND INSULIN SECRETION. ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETICS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO T2D AND OBESITY. HOWEVER, THERE IS LIMITED INFORMATION ON WHETHER FATTY ACIDS ALTER THE GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILE IN CONJUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLETS. TO DISSECT THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS LINKING LIPOTOXICITY TO IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF A 48 H PALMITATE TREATMENT IN VITRO ON GENOME-WIDE MRNA EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLETS. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE MRNA EXPRESSION WAS ANALYZED USING AFFYMETRIX GENECHIP((R)) HUMAN GENE 1.0 ST WHOLE TRANSCRIPT-BASED ARRAY (N = 13) AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED USING INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP (N = 13) IN HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLETS EXPOSED TO PALMITATE OR CONTROL MEDIA FOR 48 H. A NON-PARAMETRIC PAIRED WILCOXON STATISTICAL TEST WAS USED TO ANALYZE MRNA EXPRESSION. APOPTOSIS WAS MEASURED USING APO-ONE((R)) HOMOGENEOUS CASPASE-3/7 ASSAY (N = 4). RESULTS: WHILE GLUCOSE-STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION WAS DECREASED, THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN ISLETS EXPOSED TO PALMITATE. WE IDENTIFIED 1,860 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN PALMITATE-TREATED HUMAN ISLETS. THESE INCLUDE CANDIDATE GENES FOR T2D, SUCH AS TCF7L2, GLIS3, HNF1B AND SLC30A8. ADDITIONALLY, GENES IN GLYCOLYSIS/GLUCONEOGENESIS, PYRUVATE METABOLISM, FATTY ACID METABOLISM, GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM AND ONE CARBON POOL BY FOLATE WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN PALMITATE-TREATED HUMAN ISLETS. PALMITATE TREATMENT ALTERED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF CPG ISLAND SHELVES AND SHORES, 5'UTR, 3'UTR AND GENE BODY REGIONS IN HUMAN ISLETS. MOREOVER, 290 GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION HAD A CORRESPONDING CHANGE IN DNA METHYLATION, FOR EXAMPLE, TCF7L2 AND GLIS3. IMPORTANTLY, OUT OF THE GENES DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED DUE TO PALMITATE TREATMENT IN HUMAN ISLETS, 67 WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND 37 WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN ISLETS FROM T2D PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PALMITATE TREATMENT OF HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLETS GIVES RISE TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT TOGETHER WITH ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION AND T2D.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15   708  42 BYSTANDER EFFECTS IN RADIATION-INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY. EXPOSURE OF GM10115 HAMSTER-HUMAN HYBRID CELLS TO X-RAYS CAN RESULT IN THE INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN THE PROGENY OF SURVIVING CELLS. THIS INSTABILITY MANIFESTS AS THE DYNAMIC PRODUCTION OF NOVEL SUB-POPULATIONS OF CELLS WITH UNIQUE CYTOGENETIC REARRANGEMENTS INVOLVING THE "MARKER" HUMAN CHROMOSOME. WE HAVE USED THE COMET ASSAY TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THERE WAS AN ELEVATED LEVEL OF ENDOGENOUS DNA BREAKS IN CHROMOSOMALLY UNSTABLE CLONES THAT COULD PROVIDE A SOURCE FOR THE CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS AND THUS ACCOUNT FOR THE PERSISTENT INSTABILITY OBSERVED. OUR RESULTS INDICATE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN COMET TAIL MEASUREMENT BETWEEN NON-IRRADIATED AND RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOMALLY UNSTABLE CLONES. USING TWO-COLOR FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION WE ALSO INVESTIGATED WHETHER RECOMBINATIONAL EVENTS INVOLVING THE INTERSTITIAL TELOMERE REPEAT-LIKE SEQUENCES IN GM10115 CELLS WERE INVOLVED AT FREQUENCIES HIGHER THAN RANDOM PROCESSES WOULD OTHERWISE PREDICT. NINE OF 11 CLONES DEMONSTRATED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN EXPECTED INVOLVEMENT OF THESE INTERSTITIAL TELOMERE REPEAT-LIKE SEQUENCES AT THE RECOMBINATION JUNCTION BETWEEN THE HUMAN AND HAMSTER CHROMOSOMES. SINCE ELEVATED LEVELS OF ENDOGENOUS BREAKS WERE NOT DETECTED IN UNSTABLE CLONES WE PROPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC OR BYSTANDER EFFECTS (BSES) LEAD TO THE ACTIVATION OF RECOMBINATIONAL PATHWAYS THAT PERPETUATE THE UNSTABLE PHENOTYPE. SPECIFICALLY, WE EXPAND UPON THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RADIATION INDUCES CONDITIONS AND/OR FACTORS THAT STIMULATE THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS). THESE REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES THEN CONTRIBUTE TO A CHRONIC PRO-OXIDANT ENVIRONMENT THAT CYCLES OVER MULTIPLE GENERATIONS, PROMOTING CHROMOSOMAL RECOMBINATION AND OTHER PHENOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH GENOMIC INSTABILITY.	2002	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  3164  34 GREEN TEA PREVENTS NAFLD BY MODULATION OF MIR-34A AND MIR-194 EXPRESSION IN A HIGH-FAT DIET MOUSE MODEL. BACKGROUND/AIMS: NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS CONSIDERED THE HEPATIC MANIFESTATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME. IT IS CURRENTLY THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE WITH COMPLEX PATHOGENESIS AND CHALLENGING TREATMENT. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF GREEN TEA (GT) AND DETERMINED THE INVOLVEMENT OF MIRNAS AND ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION. METHODS: MALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED WITH A HIGH-FAT DIET FOR 4 WEEKS. AFTER THIS PERIOD, THE ANIMALS RECEIVED GAVAGE WITH GT (500 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT) OVER 12 WEEKS (5 DAYS/WEEK). HEPG2 CELL LINES WERE TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A OR MIR-194 MIMETICS AND INHIBITORS TO VALIDATE THE IN VIVO RESULTS OR WERE TREATED WITH TNF-ALPHA TO EVALUATE MIRNA REGULATION. RESULTS: GT SUPPLEMENTATION PROTECTS AGAINST NAFLD DEVELOPMENT BY ALTERING LIPID METABOLISM, INCREASING GENE EXPRESSION INVOLVED IN TRIGLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACID CATABOLISM, AND DECREASING UPTAKE AND LIPID ACCUMULATION. THIS PHENOTYPE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY MIR-34A DOWNREGULATION AND AN INCREASE IN THEIR MRNA TARGETS SIRT1, PPARALPHA, AND INSIG2. GT UPREGULATED HEPATIC MIR-194 BY INHIBITING TNF-ALPHA ACTION LEADING TO A DECREASE IN MIR-194 TARGET GENES HMGCS/APOA5. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF GT IN THE LIVER CAN BE DUE TO THE MODULATION OF MIRNAS, OPENING NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NAFLD FOCUSING ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MIR-34A AND MIR-194 AS GREEN TEA TARGETS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17  1781  31 EFFECT OF 1 YEAR B AND D VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENT METHYLATION IN OLDER SUBJECTS. BACKGROUND: DISTURBED DNA METHYLATION IS CAUSALLY RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASES LIKE CANCER AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. B VITAMINS ARE COFACTORS REQUIRED FOR METHYL GROUP SYNTHESIS AND MAY THEREFORE AFFECT DNA METHYLATION. VITAMIN D HAS EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. WE TESTED IF B AND D VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION HAS AN EFFECT ON GENOMIC LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) METHYLATION AND THE METABOLITES S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (SAM) AND S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE (SAH). METHODS: FIFTY SUBJECTS (MEDIAN AGE 68.0 YEARS) WERE SUPPLEMENTED WITH A DAILY ORAL DOSE OF B VITAMINS (500 MICROG FOLIC ACID, 500 MICROG VITAMIN B12 AND 50 MG VITAMIN B6), 1200 IU VITAMIN D AND 456 MG CALCIUM. FASTING BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BEFORE AND AFTER 1 YEAR OF SUPPLEMENTATION. LINE-1 METHYLATION WAS DETERMINED IN GENOMIC DNA FROM BLOOD CELLS AS A SURROGATE FOR WHOLE GENOME METHYLATION. IN ADDITION, SAM, SAH AND TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE (THCY) WERE MEASURED IN PLASMA SAMPLES. RESULTS: PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY AFTER SUPPLEMENTATION (12.8 VS. 9.1 MICROMOL/L; P<0.05), WHEREAS SAM, SAH, THE SAM/SAH RATIO AND LINE-1 METHYLATION DID NOT CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY. LINE-1 METHYLATION WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH SAH, HOMOCYSTEINE OR B VITAMINS. CONCLUSIONS: LONG-TERM VITAMIN B SUPPLEMENTATION HAD NO EFFECT ON LINE-1 METHYLATION IN BLOOD CELLS NOR ON PLASMA LEVELS OF SAM AND SAH. VITAMIN B AND D SUPPLEMENTATION SEEMS TO HAVE NO EFFECT ON DNA METHYLATION, ESPECIALLY IN CASES WHERE NO SEVERE DEFICIENCY EXISTS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18  3837  37 IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS, EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND GENOMIC INSTABILITY: THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIA. PURPOSE: TO REVIEW THE DATA CONCERNING THE ROLE OF ENDOGENOUSLY GENERATED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) IN THE NON-TARGETED IONIZING RADIATION (IR) EFFECTS AND IN DETERMINATION OF THE CELL POPULATION'S FATE, BOTH EARLY AFTER EXPOSURE AND AFTER MANY GENERATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: THE SHORT-TERM AS WELL AS CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSES MAINLY ARE PRODUCED DUE TO ROS GENERATION BY THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) OF THE MITOCHONDRIA AND BY THE CYTOPLASMIC NADPH OXIDASES. WHETHER THE INDUCTION OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES OCCUR OR ARE HAMPERED IN A SINGLE CELL LARGELY DEPENDS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NUCLEUS AND THE CELLULAR POPULATION OF SEVERAL HUNDRED OR THOUSANDS OF MITOCHONDRIA THAT ARE GENETICALLY HETEROGENEOUS. HIGH INTRA-MITOCHONDRIAL ROS LEVEL IS DAMAGING THE MITOCHONDRIAL (MT) DNA AND ITS MUTATIONS AFFECT THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL MECHANISMS OF THE NUCLEAR (N) DNA, BY DECREASING THE ACTIVITY OF METHYLTRANSFERASES AND THUS, CAUSING GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION. THESE CHANGES ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE PROGENY OF THE IRRADIATED CELLS. THE CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE LATE POST-RADIATION EFFECTS, INCLUDING CANCER, AND THIS MAKES IT AN IMPORTANT ADVERSE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO IR AND A TARGET FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  4796  34 NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATMENT? MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AND DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. IN ADDITION TO THE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS, VARIOUS OTHER FACTORS, E.G. UNHEALTHY DIETARY HABITS, PLAY A ROLE IN THE MS PATHOGENESIS. DIETARY INTERVENTION IS A HIGHLY APPEALING APPROACH, AS IT PRESENTS A SIMPLE AND RELATIVELY LOW RISK METHOD TO POTENTIALLY IMPROVE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN DISORDERS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE REMISSION AND IMPROVEMENT OF CLINICAL STATUS, WELL-BEING AND LIFE EXPECTANCY OF PATIENTS WITH MS. THE IMPORTANCE OF SATURATED FAT INTAKE RESTRICTION FOR THE CLINICAL STATUS IMPROVEMENT OF MS PATIENTS WAS POINTED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1950S. RECENTLY, DECREASED RISK OF FIRST CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CNS DEMYELINATION ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER INTAKE OF OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS PARTICULARLY ORIGINATING FROM FISH WAS REPORTED. ONLY FEW CLINICAL TRIALS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED TO ADDRESS THE QUESTION OF THE ROLE OF DIETARY INTERVENTION, SUCH IS E.G. LOW SATURATED FAT DIET IN MS TREATMENT. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY APPROACHES (DIETS LOW IN SATURATED FAT AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS SUCH AS FISH OIL, LIPOIC ACID, OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, SEEDS OILS, HIGH FIBER DIET, VITAMIN D, ETC.) ON NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS, PATIENT'S WELL-BEING, PHYSICAL AND INFLAMMATORY STATUS. SO FAR THE RESULTS ARE NOT CONCLUSIVE, THEREFORE MUCH MORE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO CONFIRM AND TO UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE DIETARY INTERVENTIONS IN THE LONG TERM AND WELL DEFINED STUDIES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
20   701  22 BROWN FAT DNMT3B DEFICIENCY AMELIORATES OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE. OBESITY RESULTS FROM A CHRONIC ENERGY IMBALANCE DUE TO ENERGY INTAKE EXCEEDING ENERGY EXPENDITURE. ACTIVATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO COMBAT OBESITY. EPIGENETIC REGULATION, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HAS EMERGED AS A KEY REGULATOR OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENIC FUNCTION. HERE WE AIMED TO STUDY THE ROLE OF DNMT3B, A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INVOLVED IN DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION, IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS AND OBESITY. WE FOUND THAT THE SPECIFIC DELETION OF DNMT3B IN BROWN FAT PROMOTES THE THERMOGENIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROGRAM IN BROWN FAT, ENHANCES ENERGY EXPENDITURE, AND DECREASES ADIPOSITY IN FEMALE MICE FED A REGULAR CHOW DIET. WITH A LEAN PHENOTYPE, THE FEMALE KNOCKOUT MICE ALSO EXHIBIT INCREASED INSULIN SENSITIVITY. IN ADDITION, DNMT3B DEFICIENCY IN BROWN FAT ALSO PREVENTS DIET-INDUCED OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN FEMALE MICE. INTERESTINGLY, OUR RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS REVEALED AN UPREGULATION OF THE PI3K-AKT PATHWAY IN THE BROWN FAT OF FEMALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE. HOWEVER, MALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE HAVE NO CHANGE IN THEIR BODY WEIGHT, SUGGESTING THE EXISTENCE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BROWN FAT DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MODEL. OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT DNMT3B PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT FUNCTION, ENERGY METABOLISM AND OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE.	2021