1  3483 153 IDENTIFICATION OF CERNA NETWORK TO EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS INDUCED BY PS NPS IN MICE. PLASTICS BREAKING DOWN OF LARGER PLASTICS INTO SMALLER ONES (MICROPLASTICS AND NANOPLASTIC) AS POTENTIAL THREATS TO THE ECOSYSTEM. PREVIOUS STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THAT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) IS A VULNERABLE TARGET OF NANOPLASTICS. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIALLY EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF NANOPLASTIC NEUROTOXICITY IN RODENT MODELS ARE STILL UNKNOWN. THE PRESENT RESEARCH AIMED TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF COMPETING ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) IN THE PROCESS OF POLYSTYRENE NANOPLASTICS (PS NPS) EXPOSURE-INDUCED NERVE INJURY. THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER 25 NM PS NPS COULD CAUSE LEARNING DYSFUNCTION AND TO ELUCIDATE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN MICE. A TOTAL OF 40 MICE WERE DIVIDED INTO 4 GROUPS AND WERE EXPOSED TO PS NPS (0, 10, 25, 50 MG/KG). CHRONIC TOXICITY WAS INTRODUCED IN MICE BY ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL GAVAGE FOR 6 MONTHS. THE EVALUATION INCLUDED ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BEHAVIOR, PATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE LEVELS OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) AND DNA DAMAGE. RNA-SEQ WAS PERFORMED TO DETECT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF CIRCRNAS, MIRNAS AND MRNAS IN PFC SAMPLES OF MICE TREATED WITH 0 AND 50 MG/KG PS NPS. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT EXPOSURE OF MICE TO PS NPS CAUSED A DOSE-DEPENDENT COGNITIVE DECLINE. ROS LEVELS AND DNA DAMAGE WERE INCREASED IN THE PFC FOLLOWING EXPOSURE OF THE MICE TO PS NPS. A TOTAL OF 987 MRNAS, 29 MIRNAS AND 67 CIRCRNAS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE 0 AND 50 MG/KG PS NPS GROUPS. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES INDICATED THAT PS NPS MAY INDUCE MAJOR INJURY IN THE SYNAPTIC FUNCTION. A TOTAL OF 96 MRNAS, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION WERE IDENTIFIED. A COMPETING ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) NETWORK CONTAINING 27 CIRCRNAS, 19 MIRNAS AND 35 SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION-RELATED MRNAS WAS CONSTRUCTED. THE PRESENT STUDY PROVIDED INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH NANOPLASTIC TOXICITY AND INDUCTION OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
2  5553  44 ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) IS A HIGHLY PREVALENT DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES. CRS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN CATEGORIES, CRS WITH NASAL POLYPS (NPS; CRSWNP) AND CRS WITHOUT NPS (CRSSNP). ALTHOUGH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CRS REMAINS UNCLEAR, DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CRSWNP. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO ELUCIDATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NPS. IN TOTAL, 18 INDIVIDUALS WERE INCLUDED IN THE PRESENT STUDY, AND WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: CRSWNP (N=7), CRSSNP (N=7) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (N=4). NP TISSUES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE SEVEN PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP AND BIOPSIES OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATE MUCOSA FROM ALL THREE GROUPS WERE USED AS CONTROLS. METHYLATED GENES DETECTED BY METHYL?CPG?BINDING DOMAIN SEQUENCING WERE VALIDATED BY METHYLATION?SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), BISULFITE SEQUENCING, AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION?QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT?QPCR). METHYL?CPG?BINDING DOMAIN SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED 43,674 CPG ISLANDS IN 518 GENES. THE PROMOTOR REGIONS OF 10 AND 30 GENES WERE HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED, RESPECTIVELY, IN NP SAMPLES COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. THE TOP FOUR GENES WITH ALTERED HYPOMETHYLATION IN NP TISSUES WERE, KERATIN 19 (KRT19), NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 2 GROUP F MEMBER 2 (NR2F2), A DISINTEGRIN?LIKE AND METALLOPEPTIDASE (REPROLYSIN TYPE) WITH THROMBOSPONDIN TYPE 1 MOTIF 1 (ADAMTS1) AND ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 222 (ZNF222). RT?QPCR DEMONSTRATED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF KRT19, NR2F2 AND ADAMTS1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN NP TISSUES; HOWEVER, THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVELS OF ZNF222 BETWEEN NP AND CONTROL TISSUES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO CONFIRM THE RELEVANCE OF THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NP FORMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  5352  28 RE-ESTABLISHING THE COMPREHENSION OF PHYTOMEDICINE AND NANOMEDICINE IN INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED CANCER SIGNALING. RECENT MOUNTING EVIDENCE HAS REVEALED EXTENSIVE GENETIC HETEROGENEITY WITHIN TUMORS THAT DRIVE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AFFECTING KEY CANCER PATHWAYS, MAKING CANCER TREATMENT EXTREMELY CHALLENGING. DIVERSE CANCER TYPES DISPLAY RESISTANCE TO TREATMENT AND SHOW PATTERNS OF RELAPSE FOLLOWING THERAPY. THEREFORE, EFFORTS ARE REQUIRED TO ADDRESS TUMOR HETEROGENEITY BY DEVELOPING A BROAD-SPECTRUM THERAPEUTIC APPROACH THAT COMBINES TARGETED THERAPIES. INFLAMMATION HAS BEEN PROGRESSIVELY DOCUMENTED AS A VITAL FACTOR IN TUMOR ADVANCEMENT AND HAS CONSEQUENCES IN EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS THAT SUPPORT TUMOR INSTIGATION, ENCOURAGING ALL THE TUMORIGENESIS PHASES. INCREASED DNA DAMAGE, DISRUPTED DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS, CELLULAR PROLIFERATION, APOPTOSIS, ANGIOGENESIS, AND ITS INCURSION ARE A FEW PRO-CANCEROUS OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR SIGNALING MECHANISMS OF TUMOR-ENDORSING INFLAMMATION IS NECESSARY FOR FURTHER EXPANSION OF ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS TARGETING THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN TUMOR DEVELOPMENT AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. MULTIPLE INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS, SUCH AS THE NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING PATHWAY, JAK-STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY, MAPK SIGNALING, PI3K/AKT/MTOR SIGNALING, WNT SIGNALING CASCADE, AND TGF-BETA/SMAD SIGNALING, HAVE BEEN FOUND TO REGULATE INFLAMMATION, WHICH CAN BE MODULATED USING VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS, PHYTOCHEMICALS, RECOMBINANT CYTOKINES, AND NANOPARTICLES (NPS) IN CONJUGATION TO PHYTOCHEMICALS TO TREAT CANCER. RESEARCHERS HAVE IDENTIFIED MULTIPLE TARGETS TO SPECIFICALLY ALTER INFLAMMATION IN CANCER THERAPY TO RESTRICT MALIGNANT PROGRESSION AND IMPROVE THE EFFICACY OF CANCER THERAPY. SIRNA-AND SHRNA-LOADED NPS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED TO DOWNREGULATE STAT3 SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED IN STUDIES TO TARGET TUMOR MALIGNANCIES. THIS REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR ADVANCEMENT AND INFLAMMATORY PROGRESSION, ALONG WITH THE NOVEL APPROACHES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS CURRENTLY USED TO TARGET INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS TO COMBAT CANCER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
4  3075  31 GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC STUDY OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS TISSUES REVEALS DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNOLOGIC AND REMODELING PATHWAYS. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETICS STUDIES MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, NON-CODING RNAS, AND ALTERNATIVE POLYADENYLATION THAT CAN MODIFY GENE ACTIVITY WITHOUT CHANGING THE UNDERLYING DNA NUCLEOTIDE BASE-PAIR STRUCTURE. BECAUSE THESE CHANGES ARE REVERSIBLE, THEY HAVE POTENTIAL IN DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPEUTICS. CURRENTLY, SEVEN PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS TARGETING EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE FDA APPROVED AND COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FOR TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CANCERS. HOWEVER, STUDIES INVESTIGATING EPIGENETICS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) HAVE NOT BEEN UNDERTAKEN PREVIOUSLY IN THE UNITED STATES. OBJECTIVES: THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE SINONASAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CRS VERSUS CONTROLS, TO DISCERN ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IMPACTING CRS SUBJECTS. METHODS AND RESULTS: ETHMOIDAL SAMPLES FROM CRS AND INFERIOR TURBINATE MUCOSAL TISSUE SAMPLES FROM CONTROLS WITHOUT CRS WERE STUDIED. DNA METHYLATION WAS STUDIED BY REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING. RADMETH(R) BIOSTATISTICAL PACKAGE WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) BETWEEN CRS AND CONTROLS. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DMRS WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY TOP UPSTREAM REGULATORS AND CANONICAL PATHWAYS. NINETY-THREE SAMPLES FROM 64 CRS SUBJECTS (36 CRSWNP; 28 CRSSNP) AND 29 CONTROLS WERE STUDIED. CRS AND CONTROL SAMPLES DIFFERED IN 13 662 CPGS SITES AND 1381 DMRS. TOP UPSTREAM REGULATORS IDENTIFIED INCLUDED: 1. CRS VERSUS CONTROLS: TGFB1, TNF, TP53, DGCR8, AND BETA-ESTRADIOL. 2. CRSWNP VERSUS CONTROLS: TGFB1, CTNNB1, LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, ID2, AND TCF7L2. 3. CRSSNP VERSUS CONTROLS: MYOD1, ACETONE, ID2, ST8SIA4, AND LEPR. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF METHYLATION WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CONTROLS AND CRS, CRSWNP, AND CRSSNP. EPIGENETIC, ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED CHANGES RELATED TO NOVEL, INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNOLOGIC, AND REMODELING PATHWAYS APPEAR TO AFFECT EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY, CELL PROLIFERATION, HOMEOSTASIS, VASCULAR PERMEABILITY, AND OTHER YET UNCHARACTERIZED PATHWAYS AND GENES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  3460  26 HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE IL8 PROMOTER IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: IL-8 IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOKINE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IL8 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRS. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER AND CRS IN HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS. METHODS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP; N = 187), PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS (CRSSNP; N = 89), AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (N = 57) WERE ENROLLED IN 2 INDEPENDENT COHORTS. PURIFIED HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM EACH PARTICIPANT WERE ASSESSED FOR PERCENTAGE DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER BY USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METHYLATION STATUS BY USING IN VITRO ASSAYS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES 1, 2, AND 3, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CRSSNP (P < .001) AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (P < .001). PERCENTAGE OF DNA METHYLATION OF THE CPG3 SITE WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH BOTH TISSUE EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN (P < .01) AND MYELOPEROXIDASE (P < .05) LEVELS. IL-1BETA (P < .001) AND TNF-ALPHA (P < .01) SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IL8 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY A REDUCTION IN METHYLATION AT THE CPG3 SITE (P < .001). ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAYS DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG3 CHANGED THE BINDING OF OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB. CONCLUSION: DECREASED DNA METHYLATION OF PARTICULARLY CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRSWNP.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  6662  28 UPREGULATION OF FZD5 IN EOSINOPHILIC CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. EOSINOPHILIC CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP) IS ONE OF THE MOST CHALLENGING PROBLEMS IN CLINICAL RHINOLOGY. FZD5 IS A RECEPTOR FOR WNT5A, AND ITS COMPLEX WITH WNT5A CONTRIBUTES TO ACTIVATING INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE MODIFICATION. NASAL POLYPS AND EOSINOPHIL/NON-EOSINOPHIL COUNTS ARE REPORTED TO BE DIRECTLY CORRELATED. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EXPRESSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FZD5, AND THE ROLE OF EOSINOPHIL INFILTRATION AND FZD5 IN EOSINOPHILIC CRSWNP PATHOGENESIS. THE PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF EOSINOPHIL LEVELS WAS EVALUATED IN SEVEN PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP. FIFTEEN PATIENTS WITH CRS WERE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF EOSINOPHILS IN NASAL POLYP TISSUE. METHYLATED GENES WERE DETECTED USING METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN SEQUENCING, AND QRT-PCR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WERE USED TO DETECT FZD5 EXPRESSION IN NASAL POLYP TISSUE SAMPLES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT MRNA EXPRESSION OF FZD5 WAS UPREGULATED IN NASAL POLYPS. FZD5 EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN NASAL POLYP SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC CRSWNP THAN IN THOSE FROM PATIENTS WITH NON-EOSINOPHILIC CRSWNP, AS INDICATED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. FURTHERMORE, INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE LEVELS WERE HIGHER IN EOSINOPHILIC CRSWNP-DERIVED EPITHELIAL CELLS THAN IN NORMAL TISSUES. IN CONCLUSION, FZD5 EXPRESSION IN NASAL MUCOSAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IS CORRELATED WITH INFLAMMATORY CELLS AND MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EOSINOPHILIC CRSWNP.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  3019  31 GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS OF NASAL POLYPOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES THAT IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS (CRSWNP) IN THE MOST SEVERE CASES. AS IN OTHER COMPLEX DISEASES, GENETIC FACTORS ARE THOUGHT TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE RISK AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE. ENVIRONMENT MAY ALSO MODULATE THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN AFFECTED PATIENTS. IN THE PRESENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE AIMED TO COMPILE ALL PUBLISHED DATA ON GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN CRSWNP SINCE 2000. WE FOUND 104 ARTICLES, 24 OF WHICH WERE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC STUDIES. WE IDENTIFIED MORE THAN 150 GENETIC VARIANTS IN 99 GENES INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NASAL POLYPOSIS. THESE WERE CLUSTERED INTO 8 MAIN NETWORKS, LINKING GENES INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE (EG, MHC), CYTOKINE GENES (EG, TNF), LEUKOTRIENE METABOLISM, AND THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. A TOTAL OF 89 MIRNAS WERE ALSO IDENTIFIED; THESE ARE ASSOCIATED MAINLY WITH BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS THE CELL CYCLE, INFLAMMATION, AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. WE PROPOSE A POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENES AND THE MIRNAS IDENTIFIED THAT MAY OPEN NEW LINES OF INVESTIGATION. AN IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF GENE VARIANTS AND EPIGENETIC TRAITS COULD HELP US TO DESIGN MORE TAILORED TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8  2406  30 EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO RHINOVIRUS EXPOSURE IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE CORRELATED WITH KEY TRANSCRIPTIONAL PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS. BACKGROUND: VIRUSES MAY DRIVE IMMUNE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS (CRSWNP), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVES: TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES TO A COMMON UPPER RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN, RHINOVIRUS (RV), THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP USING A PRIMARY SINONASAL EPITHELIAL CELL CULTURE MODEL. METHODS: AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS WERE COLLECTED AT SURGERY FROM PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP (CASES) AND FROM CONTROLS WITHOUT SINUS DISEASE, CULTURED, AND THEN EXPOSED TO RV OR VEHICLE FOR 48 H. DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS IN RESPONSE TO RV WERE DETERMINED USING LINEAR MIXED MODELS. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS (WGCNA) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY (A) CO-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION AND DNAM SIGNATURES, AND (B) GENES, PATHWAYS, AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS SPECIFIC TO CRSWNP. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 5585 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND 261 DNAM RESPONSES (FDR <0.10) TO RV BETWEEN CRSWNP CASES AND CONTROLS. THESE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES FORMED THREE CO-EXPRESSION/CO-METHYLATION MODULES THAT WERE RELATED TO CRSWNP AND THREE THAT WERE RELATED TO RV (BONFERRONI CORRECTED P < .01). MOST (95%) OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) WERE IN MODULES RELATED TO CRSWNP, WHEREAS THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) WERE MORE EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN THE CRSWNP- AND RV-RELATED MODULES. GENES IN THE CRSWNP-RELATED MODULES WERE ENRICHED IN KNOWN CRS AND/OR VIRAL RESPONSE IMMUNE PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION: RV ACTIVATES SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC PROGRAMS AND CORRELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS IN THE SINONASAL EPITHELIUM OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CRSWNP. THESE NOVEL OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP MODULATE RESPONSE TO VIRAL PATHOGENS AT THE MUCOSAL ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE. DETERMINING HOW VIRAL RESPONSE PATHWAYS ARE INVOLVED IN EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATION IN CRSWNP COULD LEAD TO THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THIS BURDENSOME AIRWAY DISORDER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  6349  26 THE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE CHRONIC SINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYP. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP) IS A COMMON AND HETEROGENEOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. THE UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT OF CRSWNP ARE PARTIALLY UNDERSTOOD. OF THE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CRSWNP, HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), METHYLATION OF DNA, AND THE LEVELS OF MIRNA ARE WIDELY STUDIED. HERE, WE REVIEW THE HUMAN STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN CRSWNP. RECENT FINDINGS: THE PROMOTERS OF COL18A1, PTGES, PLAT, AND TSLP GENES ARE HYPERMETHYLATED IN CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THOSE OF CONTROLS, WHILE THE PROMOTERS OF PGDS, ALOX5AP, LTB4R, IL-8, AND FZD5 GENES ARE HYPOMETHYLATED IN CRSWNP. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION SUPPRESSES THE GENE EXPRESSION, WHILE PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION INCREASES THE GENE EXPRESSION. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THE ELEVATION IN THE LEVELS OF HDAC2, HDAC4, AND H3K4ME3 IN CRSWNP. IN CRSWNP PATIENTS, THERE IS ALSO AN UPREGULATION OF CERTAIN MIRNAS INCLUDING MIR-125B, MIR-155, MIR-19A, MIR-142-3P, AND MIR-21 AND DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-4492. EPIGENETICS TAKES PART IN THE IMMUNOLOGY OF CRSWNP AND MAY GIVE RISE TO ENDOTYPES OF CRSWNP. BOTH HDAC2 AND THE MIRNA INCLUDING MIR-18A, MIR-124A, AND MIR-142-3P MAY TAKE FUNCTION IN THE REGULATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RESISTANCE. HDAC INHIBITORS AND KDM2B HAVE SHOWN EFFECTIVENESS IN DECREASING NASAL POLYP, AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) OR HDAC INHIBITORS MAY HAVE A POTENTIAL EFFICACY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CRSWNP. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE EPIGENETICS OF CRSWNP HAVE LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF SEVERAL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THIS DISEASE. THE USE OF EPIGENETICS MAY PROVIDE NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE BIOMARKERS AND THERAPIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NASAL POLYP.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  1564  32 DNA METHYLATION OF PROXIMAL PLAT PROMOTER IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND NASAL POLYPS (NP) ARE CHARACTERIZED BY PSEUDOCYSTS DERIVED FROM STROMAL TISSUE EDEMA AND CAUSE PERSISTENT INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS). A LOW LEVEL OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (GENE NAME PLAT) IS CONSIDERED A CAUSE OF STROMAL TISSUE EDEMA BECAUSE OF INSUFFICIENT PLASMIN ACTIVATION IN NP; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM REGULATING PLAT GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IS STILL UNCLEAR. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REGULATING THE PLAT GENE EXPRESSION HAS BEEN STUDIED IN OTHER TISSUES. OBJECTIVE WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROXIMAL PLAT PROMOTER AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN NP TISSUE. METHODS WE INVESTIGATED THE METHYLATION LEVELS AT 3 CPG SITES IN THE PROXIMAL PLAT PROMOTER REGIONS (-618, -121, AND -105 WITH RESPECT TO THE TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITE) BY BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE GENE EXPRESSION BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR) IN 20 PAIRED SAMPLES OF NP AND INFERIOR TURBINATE TISSUE (IT) FROM PATIENTS WITH CRS. RESULTS THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT ALL CPG SITES WERE HIGHER ( P < .01), AND THE PLAT EXPRESSION WAS LOWER ( P < .001) IN NP COMPARED WITH IT. THE METHYLATION CHANGES AT THE -618 SITE SHOWED A NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH THE GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES BETWEEN NP AND IT ( R = -.65, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS HYPERMETHYLATION OF PLAT PROMOTER MAY DOWNREGULATE THE GENE EXPRESSION IN NP, LEADING TO EXCESSIVE FIBRIN DEPOSITION BY ABERRANT COAGULATION CASCADE. DNA METHYLATION OF PROXIMAL PLAT PROMOTER MAY CONTRIBUTE TO NP GROWTH AND HAVE A POTENTIAL AS A NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGET.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11  5086  30 PILOT STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALLERGY AND ATOPY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY WHETHER DNA METHYLATION ALSO PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NASAL POLYPS (NP). METHODOLOGY: NP TISSUES WERE OBTAINED FROM 32 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH BILATERAL NP. BIOPSIES OF INFERIOR TURBINATE MUCOSA (ITM) WERE TAKEN FROM 18 PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT RHINOSEPTOPLASTY (CONTROL GROUP). THE METHYLATED GENES, WHICH WERE DETECTED BY DNA METHYLATION MICROARRAY, WERE VALIDATED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, BISULPHITE SEQUENCING, REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION MICROARRAY IDENTIFIED 8,008 CPG ISLANDS IN 2,848 GENES. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHT GENES WERE FOUND TO HAVE A METHYLATED SIGNAL IN THE PROMOTER REGION IN NP SAMPLES COMPARED WITH ITM SAMPLES. THE FOUR TOP GENES THAT CHANGED, COL18A1, EP300, GNAS AND SMURF1, WERE SELECTED FOR FURTHER STUDY. THE METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF COL18A1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN NP SAMPLES THAN IN ITM SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION MIGHT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NP. PROMOTER METHYLATION OF COL18A1 WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN NP TISSUES, FURTHER STUDIES ARE NECESSARY TO CONFIRM THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OR PERSISTENCE OF NP.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  3746  39 INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETICS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH AND WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETICS FACILITATES INSIGHTS ON THE IMPACT OF HOST ENVIRONMENT ON THE GENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) THROUGH MODULATIONS OF HOST GENE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION CAUSE REVERSIBLE BUT HERITABLE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION OVER GENERATIONS OF PROGENY, WITHOUT ALTERING THE DNA BASE-PAIR SEQUENCES. THESE STUDIES OFFER A CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED CHANGES THAT RESULT IN HOST PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE AND MAY HELP IN DEVELOPING NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTICS. THE GOAL OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT EVIDENCE ON EPIGENETICS OF CRS WITH A FOCUS ON CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP) AND HIGHLIGHT GAPS THAT MERIT FURTHER RESEARCH. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN SUBJECTS WITH CRS. RESULTS: THE REVIEW IDENTIFIED 65 STUDIES. THESE HAVE FOCUSED ON DNA METHYLATION AND NON-CODING RNAS, WITH ONLY A FEW ON HISTONE DEACETYLATION, ALTERNATIVE POLYADENYLATION, AND CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY. STUDIES INCLUDE THOSE INVESTIGATING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO CHANGES OR BOTH. STUDIES ALSO INCLUDE ANIMAL MODELS OF CRS. ALMOST ALL HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED IN ASIA. THE GENOME-WIDE STUDIES OF DNA METHYLATION FOUND DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL METHYLATION BETWEEN CRSWNP AND CONTROLS, WHILE OTHERS SPECIFICALLY FOUND SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION OF THE CPG SITES OF THE THYMIC STROMAL LYMPHOPOIETIN (TSLP), IL-8, AND PLAT. IN ADDITION, DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS WERE STUDIED AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. MAJORITY OF THE STUDIES INVESTIGATING NON-CODING RNAS FOCUSED ON MICRO-RNAS (MIRNA) AND FOUND DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNA LEVELS. THESE STUDIES ALSO REVEALED SOME PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS WELL AS NOVEL TARGETS AND PATHWAYS SUCH AS TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA, TGF BETA-1, IL-10, EGR2, ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR, PI3K/AKT PATHWAY, MUCIN SECRETION, AND VASCULAR PERMEABILITY. OVERALL, THE STUDIES HAVE FOUND A DYSREGULATION IN PATHWAYS/GENES INVOLVING INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE REGULATION, TISSUE REMODELING, STRUCTURAL PROTEINS, MUCIN SECRETION, ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM, AND TRANSCRIPTION. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN CRS SUBJECTS SUGGEST THAT THERE IS LIKELY A MAJOR IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT. HOWEVER, THESE ARE ASSOCIATION STUDIES AND DO NOT DIRECTLY IMPLY PATHOGENESIS. LONGITUDINAL STUDIES IN GEOGRAPHICALLY AND RACIALLY DIVERSE POPULATION COHORTS ARE NECESSARY TO QUANTIFY GENETIC VS. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FOR CRSWNP AND CRS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS AND ASSESS HERITABILITY RISK, AS WELL AS DEVELOP NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC AGENTS.	2023	

13  3758  35 INTEGRATED MRNA AND MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN NASAL POLYP EPITHELIUM REVEALS AN ALTERED CILIOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: HUMAN ADULT BASAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS (BSCS) OBTAINED FROM CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP) WHEN DIFFERENTIATED IN AN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE (ALI) USUALLY PROVIDE A PSEUDOSTRATIFIED AIRWAY EPITHELIUM WITH SIMILAR ABNORMALITIES THAN ORIGINAL IN VIVO PHENOTYPE. HOWEVER, THE INTRINSIC MECHANISMS REGULATING THIS COMPLEX PROCESS ARE NOT WELL DEFINED AND THEIR UNDERSTANDING COULD OFFER POTENTIAL NEW THERAPIES FOR CRSWNP (INCURABLE DISEASE). METHODS: WE PERFORMED A TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ANALYSIS DURING IN VITRO MUCOCILIARY DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN ADULT BSCS FROM CRSWNP, COMPARED TO THOSE ISOLATED FROM CONTROL NASAL MUCOSA (CONTROL-NM), IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY WHICH KEY MRNA AND MICRORNAS ARE REGULATING THIS COMPLEX PROCESS IN PATHOLOGICAL AND HEALTHY CONDITIONS. RESULTS: A NUMBER OF GENES, MIRS, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, AND PATHWAYS WERE IDENTIFIED DURING MUCOCILIARY DIFFERENTIATION OF BOTH CRSWNP AND CONTROL-NM EPITHELIA, AND NOTABLY, WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT GENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM RESPONSIBLE OF CILIOGENESIS AND CILIA FUNCTION IS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRED IN CRSWNP EPITHELIUM, PRESUMABLY PRODUCED BY AN ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS, PARTICULARLY OF THOSE MIRS BELONGING TO MIR-34 AND MI-449 FAMILIES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES FOR THE FIRST TIME A NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF SINONASAL MUCOCILIARY DIFFERENTIATION, DEMONSTRATING THAT TRANSCRIPTOME RELATED TO CILIOGENESIS AND CILIA FUNCTION IS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRED DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF CRSWNP EPITHELIUM DUE TO AN ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14  5120  35 POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY EFFECT OF DYSREGULATED CIRCULAR RNAS IN EPILEPSY. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) INVOLVE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND ITS MAJOR MECHANISM IS THE SEQUESTRATION OF THE TARGET MICRO RNAS (MIRNAS). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CIRCRNAS MIGHT BE RELATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND EVALUATED THE ALTERED CIRCRNA EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR POSSIBLE REGULATORY EFFECTS ON THEIR TARGET MIRNAS AND MRNAS IN A MOUSE EPILEPSY MODEL. THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE PILOCARPINE MICE WAS ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH CONTROL. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNA BINDING SITES (MIRNA RESPONSE ELEMENTS, MRE) IN THE DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET MIRNAS WAS EVALUATED. AS MIRNAS ALSO INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MRNAS, CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK, COMPRISED OF DYSREGULATED RNAS THAT TARGETS ONE ANOTHER WERE SEARCHED. FOR THE IDENTIFIED NETWORKS, BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED. AS THE RESULT, FORTY-THREE CIRCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (UP-REGULATED, 26; DOWN-REGULATED, 17). THE CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF MRE IN THOSE CIRCRNAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CHANGE IN THE RELEVANT TARGET MIRNA EXPRESSION (R = -0.461, P<0.001), SUPPORTING THAT CIRCRNAS INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MIRNA. 333 DYSREGULATED CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORKS WERE IDENTIFIED. GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED THAT THE UP-REGULATED MRNAS IN THOSE NETWORKS WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE MAJOR PROCESSES IN EPILEPSY. AMONG THEM, STRING ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 37 KEY MRNAS WITH ABUNDANT (>/=4) INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DYSREGULATED TARGET MRNAS. THE DYSREGULATION OF THE CIRCRNAS WHICH HAD MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS WITH KEY MRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY PCR. WE CONCLUDED THAT DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS MIGHT HAVE A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC ROLE IN CHRONIC EPILEPSY BY REGULATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RELEVANT MRNAS VIA CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA INTERACTIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  5728  27 SLEEP QUALITY AND METHYLATION STATUS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES. CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION MAY AFFECT METABOLISM, HORMONE SECRETION PATTERNS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. LIMITED REPORTS SUGGEST ALSO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, SUCH AS CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THE STUDY AIMS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POOR SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP DURATION AND THE LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON 710 NURSES AND MIDWIVES AGED 40-60 YEARS. DATA FROM INTERVIEWS REGARDING SLEEP HABITS AND POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS WERE USED. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES WAS DETERMINED VIA QMSP REACTIONS USING DNA SAMPLES DERIVED FROM LEUCOCYTES. NO SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED IN THE TOTAL STUDY POPULATION OR IN THE TWO SUBGROUPS OF WOMEN STRATIFIED BY THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF WORK. A BORDERLINE SIGNIFICANCE ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN A SHORTER DURATION OF SLEEP AND AN INCREASED METHYLATION LEVEL IN CDKN2A AMONG DAY WORKING NURSES AND MIDWIVES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO EXPLORE THIS UNDER-INVESTIGATED TOPIC.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
16  3493  45 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GENES, PATHWAYS, AND MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORKS OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS BY INTEGRATED BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. INTRODUCTION: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS A RECURRENT, DEVASTATING MENTAL DISORDER, WHICH AFFECTS >350 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND EXERTS SUBSTANTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND FINANCIAL COSTS TO SOCIETY. THUS, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT NEED TO DISCOVER INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTICS TO TREAT DEPRESSION EFFICIENTLY. STRESS-INDUCED DYSFUNCTION IN THE SUBTYPE OF NEURONAL CELLS AND THE CHANGE OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) ARE IMPLICATED IN DEPRESSION SYMPTOMOLOGY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND STRESSES TO THE NAC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DEPRESSION REMAIN ELUSIVE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, TREATMENT GROUP MICE WERE TREATED CONTINUALLY WITH THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) UNTIL EXPRESSION OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE FOUND. DEPRESSION WAS CONFIRMED WITH SUCROSE PREFERENCE, NOVELTY-SUPPRESSED FEEDING, FORCED SWIMMING, AND TAIL SUSPENSION TESTS. WE APPLIED HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCING TO ASSESS MICRORNA EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN THE NAC TISSUE FROM DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS MICE AND CONTROL MICE. THE REGULATORY NETWORK OF MIRNAS/MRNAS WAS CONSTRUCTED BASED ON THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCE AND BIOINFORMATICS SOFTWARE PREDICTIONS. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 17 MIRNAS AND 10 MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE NAC OF CUMS-INDUCED MICE WITH DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, AND 12 MIRNAS AND 29 MRNAS WERE DOWNREGULATED. A SERIES OF BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES SHOWED THAT THESE ALTERED MIRNAS PREDICTED TARGET MRNA AND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY, GABAERGIC SYNAPSE, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSE, CYTOKINE-CYTOKINE RECEPTOR INTERACTION, AXON GUIDANCE, REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY, AND SO ON. FURTHERMORE, DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORT ASSAY AND QRT-PCR RESULTS VALIDATED THE MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK. CONCLUSION: THE DETERIORATIONS OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSES, NEUROTRANSMITTER SYNTHESIS, AS WELL AS AUTOPHAGY-ASSOCIATED APOPTOTIC PATHWAY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  1826  28 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  2217  24 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH AND WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) HAS BROUGHT A HUGE SOCIOECONOMIC BURDEN. HOWEVER, ITS MECHANISM IS STILL ELUSIVE, WHICH MAY INVOLVE GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOME OTHER FACTORS. EPIGENETIC ANALYSES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CRS. HERE, WE REVIEWED THE FRUITS IN THE EPIGENETIC STUDIES ON DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND NON-CODING RNA REGULATION. WE CONCLUDED THAT THE EPIGENETIC RESEARCH ON CRS HAS MADE GREAT BREAKTHROUGHS, ESPECIALLY IN THE PAST 5 YEARS AND THE FIELD OF MICRORNAS. "EPIGENETIC THERAPIES" ARE EXPECTED TO BE DESIGNED TO TREAT CRS IN THE FUTURE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19  3553  32 IMMUNOTOLERANCE OF DAIRY HEIFERS IN RESPONSE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN. DAIRY CATTLE FACE A VARIETY OF STRESSFUL EVENTS ON A DAILY BASIS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS RESULTED IN MORE FREQUENT HEAT STRESS EVENTS THAT INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY INDUCING CONDITIONS LIKE LEAKY GUT SYNDROME, WHEREBY THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IS COMPROMISED ALLOWING FOR LUMINAL BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ENDOTOXIN TO INFILTRATE THE HOST'S BLOODSTREAM RESULTING IN ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC STIMULATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LPS OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME IS REPORTED TO INDUCE IMMUNOTOLERANCE WITHIN THE HOST. THIS LPS TOLERANCE IS AN ESSENTIAL IMMUNOHOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE THAT CAN PROTECT AGAINST OVER ACTIVATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURE TO LPS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, HOLSTEIN CALVES (N = 20) WERE INITIALLY STRESS CHALLENGED WITH EITHER SALINE, OR 100, 200 OR 400 NG/KG OF LPS ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULAR, AND AGAIN RE-CHALLENGED WITH 200 NG/KG OF LPS 2-WEEKS LATER. SERUM WAS COLLECTED EVERY 2 HR FOR 6 HR TO PROFILE CHANGES IN CIRCULATORY STRESS BIOMARKERS AFTER THE REPEATED LPS EXPOSURES. HEIFERS THAT WERE INITIALLY CHALLENGED WITH 100, 200 AND 400 NG/KG OF LPS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN THE SECOND CHALLENGE (P < 0.01, 0.01 AND 0.05, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS CONTROL ANIMALS WHO PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED SALINE DEMONSTRATED A STRONG CORTISOL RESPONSE AT 2 HR AFTER RECEIVING 200 NG/KG OF LPS (P < 0.05). THE CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE (IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4) RESPONSES WERE ALSO ATTENUATED DURING THE LPS RECHALLENGE (P < 0.05). FINALLY, MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED TO ASSESS THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO REPEATED LPS EXPOSURE. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-31 AND MIR-223 WERE DOWNREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE SECOND LPS CHALLENGE. THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE STRESS RESPONSE IN DAIRY CATTLE AS IT RELATES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LPS TOLERANCE. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES OF VARIOUS STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNATE IMMUNE CELL TOLERANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING THEIR IMPACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20  4015  31 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017