1  3024 149 GENETICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA. BACKGROUND: DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS (DLBCLS) ARE PHENOTYPICALLY AND GENETICALLY HETEROGENEOUS. GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILING HAS IDENTIFIED SUBGROUPS OF DLBCL (ACTIVATED B-CELL-LIKE [ABC], GERMINAL-CENTER B-CELL-LIKE [GCB], AND UNCLASSIFIED) ACCORDING TO CELL OF ORIGIN THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE TO CHEMOTHERAPY AND TARGETED AGENTS. WE SOUGHT TO EXTEND THESE FINDINGS BY IDENTIFYING GENETIC SUBTYPES OF DLBCL BASED ON SHARED GENOMIC ABNORMALITIES AND TO UNCOVER THERAPEUTIC VULNERABILITIES BASED ON TUMOR GENETICS. METHODS: WE STUDIED 574 DLBCL BIOPSY SAMPLES USING EXOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCING, ARRAY-BASED DNA COPY-NUMBER ANALYSIS, AND TARGETED AMPLICON RESEQUENCING OF 372 GENES TO IDENTIFY GENES WITH RECURRENT ABERRATIONS. WE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED AN ALGORITHM TO DISCOVER GENETIC SUBTYPES BASED ON THE CO-OCCURRENCE OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED FOUR PROMINENT GENETIC SUBTYPES IN DLBCL, TERMED MCD (BASED ON THE CO-OCCURRENCE OF MYD88(L265P) AND CD79B MUTATIONS), BN2 (BASED ON BCL6 FUSIONS AND NOTCH2 MUTATIONS), N1 (BASED ON NOTCH1 MUTATIONS), AND EZB (BASED ON EZH2 MUTATIONS AND BCL2 TRANSLOCATIONS). GENETIC ABERRATIONS IN MULTIPLE GENES DISTINGUISHED EACH GENETIC SUBTYPE FROM OTHER DLBCLS. THESE SUBTYPES DIFFERED PHENOTYPICALLY, AS JUDGED BY DIFFERENCES IN GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES AND RESPONSES TO IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY, WITH FAVORABLE SURVIVAL IN THE BN2 AND EZB SUBTYPES AND INFERIOR OUTCOMES IN THE MCD AND N1 SUBTYPES. ANALYSIS OF GENETIC PATHWAYS SUGGESTED THAT MCD AND BN2 DLBCLS RELY ON "CHRONIC ACTIVE" B-CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALING THAT IS AMENABLE TO THERAPEUTIC INHIBITION. CONCLUSIONS: WE UNCOVERED GENETIC SUBTYPES OF DLBCL WITH DISTINCT GENOTYPIC, EPIGENETIC, AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PROVIDING A POTENTIAL NOSOLOGY FOR PRECISION-MEDICINE STRATEGIES IN DLBCL. (FUNDED BY THE INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH AND OTHERS.).	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2  1350  36 DETERMINANTS OF PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY IN TAIWANESE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: AN INTEGRATED EPIGENOMIC AND AIR POLLUTANT ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) CONTINUES TO POSE A THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE. THIS MAY BE CONNECTED WITH ITS NOSOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY, BROAD SYMPTOMATOLOGY SPECTRUM, VARYING DISEASE COURSE, AND THERAPY RESPONSE. THE LAST THREE DECADES HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOBIOLOGY OF COPD, WITH ASSOCIATED ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES; HOWEVER, THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGNOMONIC BIOMARKERS THAT DETERMINE DISEASE SEVERITY, AFFECT DISEASE COURSE, PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME, AND INFORM THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY REMAINS A WORK IN PROGRESS. OBJECTIVES: HYPOTHESIZING THAT A MULTI-VARIABLE MODEL RATHER THAN SINGLE VARIABLE MODEL MAY BE MORE PATHOGNOMONIC OF COPD EMPHYSEMA (COPD-E), THE PRESENT STUDY EXPLORED FOR DISEASE-ASSOCIATED DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE SEVERITY, AND TREATMENT SUCCESS IN TAIWANESE PATIENTS WITH COPD-E. METHODS: THE PRESENT SINGLE-CENTER, PROSPECTIVE, NON-RANDOMIZED STUDY ENROLLED 125 PATIENTS WITH COPD AND 43 HEALTHY SUBJECTS BETWEEN MARCH 2015 AND FEBRUARY 2021. ADOPTING A MULTIMODAL APPROACH, INCLUDING BIOINFORMATICS-AIDED ANALYSES AND GEOSPATIAL MODELING, WE PERFORMED AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EPIGENETIC, CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL, GEOSPATIAL, AND AIR POLLUTANT VARIABLES, COUPLED WITH CORRELATIVE ANALYSES OF TIME-PHASED CHANGES IN PULMONARY FUNCTION INDICES AND COPD-E SEVERITY. RESULTS: OUR COPD COHORT CONSISTED OF 10 NON-, 57 CURRENT-, AND 58 EX-SMOKERS (MEDIAN AGE = 69 +/- 7.76 YEARS). BASED ON THE PERCENTAGES OF LOW ATTENUATION AREA BELOW - 950 HOUNSFIELD UNITS (%LAA(-950INSP)), 36 HAD MILD OR NO EMPHYSEMA (%LAA(-950INSP) < 6), 22 WERE MODERATE EMPHYSEMA CASES (6 </= %LAA(-950INSP) < 14), AND 9 PRESENTED WITH SEVERE EMPHYSEMA (%LAA-950INSP >/= 14). WE FOUND THAT BMI, LNC-IL7R, PM(2.5), PM(10), AND SO(2) WERE DIFFERENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE SEVERITY, AND ARE HIGHLY-SPECIFIC PREDICTORS OF COPD PROGRESSION. PER GEOSPATIAL LEVELS, AREAS WITH HIGH BMI AND LNC-IL7R BUT LOW PM(2.5), PM(10), AND SO(2) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER AND AMELIORATED COPD CASES, WHILE HIGH PM(2.5), PM(10), AND SO(2) BUT LOW BMI AND LNC-IL7R CHARACTERIZED PLACES WITH MORE COPD CASES AND INDICATED EXACERBATION. THE PREDICTION PENTAD EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATES PATIENTS WITH MILD/NO COPD FROM MODERATE/SEVERE COPD CASES, (MEAN AUC = 0.714) AND EXHIBITED VERY HIGH STRATIFICATION PRECISION (MEAN AUC = 0.939). CONCLUSION: COMBINED BMI, LNC-IL7R, PM(2.5), PM(10), AND SO(2) LEVELS ARE OPTIMAL CLASSIFIERS FOR ACCURATE PATIENT STRATIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TRIAGE FOR COPD IN TAIWAN. LOW BMI, AND LNC-IL7R, WITH CONCOMITANT HIGH PM(2.5), PM(10), AND SO(2) LEVELS IS PATHOGNOMONIC OF EXACERBATED/AGGRAVATED COPD IN TAIWAN.	2021	

3  2951  24 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN. THE ETIOLOGY UNDERLYING CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN (CWP) REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. AN INTEGRATIVE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL SEEMS TO YIELD THE MOST PROMISING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CONDITION, WITH GENETIC FACTORS ALSO CONTRIBUTING TO DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. HERE, WE CONDUCTED A SEARCH OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CWP THROUGH ELECTRONIC DATABASES INCLUDING WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR. COMBINATIONS OF KEYWORDS INCLUDING CWP, CHRONIC PAIN, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, GENE, TWINS, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM, GENOTYPE, AND ALLELES WERE USED. IN THE END, A TOTAL OF 15 PUBLICATIONS WERE CONSIDERED RELEVANT TO BE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW: EIGHT WERE TWIN STUDIES ON CWP, SIX WERE MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES ON CWP, AND ONE WAS AN EPIGENETIC STUDY ON CWP. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST GENETIC AND UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO CONTRIBUTE TO CWP. VARIOUS CANDIDATES SUCH AS SEROTONIN-RELATED PATHWAY GENES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CWP AND SOMATOFORM SYMPTOMS. HOWEVER, STUDIES SHOW SOME LIMITATIONS AND NEED REPLICATION. THE PRESENTED RESULTS FOR CWP COULD SERVE AS A TEMPLATE FOR GENETIC STUDIES ON OTHER CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. ULTIMATELY, A MORE IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS WILL HELP WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT, INFORM NOSOLOGY, AND REDUCE THE STIGMA STILL LINGERING ON THIS DIAGNOSIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  2526  29 EPIGENETICS APPLIED TO PSYCHIATRY: CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ARE CLINICALLY HETEROGENEOUS AND DEBILITATING CHRONIC DISEASES RESULTING FROM A COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN GENE VARIANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, INSTRUCT THE CELL/TISSUE TO CORRECTLY INTERPRET EXTERNAL SIGNALS AND ADJUST ITS FUNCTIONS ACCORDINGLY. GIVEN THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENT, STABLE, AND REVERSIBLE, EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN PSYCHIATRY COULD REPRESENT A PROMISING APPROACH TO BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING DISEASE. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE AIM TO DISCUSS THE CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ARISING FROM THE EPIGENETIC RESEARCH IN PSYCHIATRY. USING SELECTED EXAMPLES, WE FIRST RECAPITULATE KEY FINDINGS SUPPORTING THE ROLE OF ADVERSE LIFE EVENTS, ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH GENETIC RISK, IN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMS. EPIGENETIC STUDIES FURTHER REPORT ENCOURAGING FINDINGS ABOUT THE USE OF METHYLATION CHANGES AS DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF DISEASE PHENOTYPE AND PREDICTIVE TOOLS OF PROGRESSION AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT. THEN WE DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL OF USING TARGETED EPIGENETIC PHARMACOTHERAPY, COMBINED WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS, FOR FUTURE PERSONALIZED MEDICINE FOR PATIENTS. FINALLY, WE REVIEW THE METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS THAT COULD HINDER INTERPRETATION OF EPIGENETIC DATA IN PSYCHIATRY. THEY MAINLY ARISE FROM HETEROGENEITY AT THE INDIVIDUAL AND TISSUE LEVEL AND REQUIRE FUTURE STRATEGIES IN ORDER TO REINFORCE THE BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF EPIGENETIC DATA AND ITS TRANSLATIONAL USE IN PSYCHIATRY. OVERALL, WE SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETICS COULD PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO A MORE COMPREHENSIVE INTERPRETATION OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND MIGHT EVENTUALLY IMPROVE THE NOSOLOGY, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  3939  20 LNC-IL7R ALLEVIATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO PM(2.5) (PARTICULATE MATTER WITH AN AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER OF </= 2.5 MUM) IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY INJURY AND EMPHYSEMA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WE INVESTIGATED MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE LONG NONCODING RNA LNC-IL7R CONTRIBUTES TO CELLULAR DAMAGE BY INDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN COPD PATIENTS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). METHODS: ASSOCIATIONS OF SERUM LNC-IL7R LEVELS WITH LUNG FUNCTION, EMPHYSEMA, AND PREVIOUS PM(2.5) EXPOSURE IN COPD PATIENTS WERE ANALYZED. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. THE LEVELS OF LNC-IL7R AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES, NAMELY P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1), WERE DETERMINED THROUGH LUNG TISSUE SECTION STAINING. THE EFFECTS OF P16(INK4A) OR P21(CIP1/WAF1) REGULATION WERE EXAMINED BY PERFORMING LNC-IL7R OVEREXPRESSION AND KNOCKDOWN ASSAYS. THE FUNCTIONS OF LNC-IL7R-MEDIATED CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL CYCLE, SENESCENCE, COLONY FORMATION, AND APOPTOSIS WERE EXAMINED IN CELLS TREATED WITH PM(2.5). CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF P21(CIP1/WAF1). RESULTS: LNC-IL7R LEVELS DECREASED IN COPD PATIENTS AND WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH EMPHYSEMA OR PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE UPREGULATED IN NORMAL LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS BUT NOT IN COPD CELLS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS INDUCED P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION BY INCREASING OXIDATIVE STRESS. HIGHER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION PROTECTED AGAINST CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS, WHEREAS LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION AUGMENTED INJURY IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. LNC-IL7R AND THE ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) SYNERGISTICALLY SUPPRESSED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION. CONCLUSION: LNC-IL7R ATTENUATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT, AND ITS DYSFUNCTION MAY AUGMENT CELLULAR INJURY IN COPD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6  1037  17 CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER PAIN. DESIGNING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS IS DIFFICULT. AN APPRECIATION OF THE UTILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF THESE ENTITIES REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH, THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO, AND HOW THEY MAY BE OPTIMALLY OPERATIONALIZED FOR BOTH CLINICAL AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN LIGHT OF THEIR INHERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS. IN ADDITION, CONSIDERATION FOR ADOPTING NEWER APPROACHES, SUCH AS FOLLOWING ONTOLOGICAL AND PRECISION-BASED MEDICINE PRINCIPLES, ACCOUNTING FOR GENETICS/EPIGENETIC AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND THE INCLUSION OF BIOMARKERS WILL POTENTIALLY RESULT IN MORE THOROUGH AND COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  5025  27 PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (CVD), ALSO REFERRED TO AS PERSONALIZED OR PRECISION CARDIOLOGY IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, IS SELECTION OF THE BEST TREATMENT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT. IT INVOLVES THE INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS "OMICS" TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS AS WELL AS OTHER NEW TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY. MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOMARKERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR LINKING DIAGNOSIS WITH THERAPY AND MONITORING THERAPY. BECAUSE CVD INVOLVE PERTURBATIONS OF LARGE COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS, A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO CVD RISK STRATIFICATION MAY BE USED FOR IMPROVING RISK-ESTIMATING ALGORITHMS, AND MODELING OF PERSONALIZED BENEFIT OF TREATMENT MAY BE HELPFUL FOR GUIDING THE CHOICE OF INTERVENTION. BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS ARE HELPFUL IN ANALYZING AND INTEGRATING LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. PERSONALIZED THERAPY IS CONSIDERED DURING DRUG DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING METHODS OF TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY AND CLINICAL TRIALS. INDIVIDUALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS CONSIDER MULTIPLE FACTORS - GENETIC AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC - FOR PATIENTS' RISK OF HEART DISEASE. EXAMPLES OF PERSONALIZED TREATMENT ARE THOSE OF CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, HEART FAILURE, AND HYPERTENSION. SIMILAR APPROACHES CAN BE USED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, AS WELL AS THE USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT INCLUDES PHARMACOTHERAPY, SURGERY, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF. FURTHER PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISM OF COMPLEX CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSATIVE FACTORS AT THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT LEVEL WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALIZED CARDIOLOGY. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE WILL IMPROVE THE CARE OF THE PATIENTS WITH CVD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
8  1737  33 EARLY DETECTION OF ACCELERATED AGING AND CELLULAR DECLINE (AACD): A CONSENSUS STATEMENT. THE CELLULAR HALLMARKS OF ACCELERATED AGING AND THEIR CLINICAL EXPRESSION MAY BE GROUPED USING THE TERMS 'ACCELERATED AGING AND CELLULAR DECLINE' (AACD) AND/OR 'AGE-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR DECLINE'. THIS CONSTRUCT IS DESIGNED TO CAPTURE THE BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND PREDISPOSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED CONDITIONS. BY CLASSIFYING RISK FACTORS, EARLY INDICATORS, AND CLINICAL DIFFERENTIATORS OF AACD THROUGH EXPERT CONSENSUS, THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY THE SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND MARKERS INDICATIVE OF AACD. IN DOING SO, THIS WORK PAVES THE WAY FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AACD CONCEPT IN THE CLINICAL AND RESEARCH SETTINGS. AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PANEL OF EXPERTS WITH CLINICAL AND RESEARCH EXPERTISE WAS SELECTED TO PARTICIPATE IN A VIRTUAL WORKSHOP TO DISCUSS AACD. A MODIFIED NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO ESTABLISH CONSENSUS AMONG THE GROUP. AN EXTENDED GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS CRITICALLY REVIEWED AN EARLY DRAFT OF THE MANUSCRIPT, AND THEIR FEEDBACK WAS THEN INCORPORATED INTO THE MODEL. EXPERTS IDENTIFIED 13 FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO OR CLINICALLY MANIFESTING AACD. AMONG THESE, CHRONIC DISEASES, OBESITY, AND UNFAVORABLE GENETIC BACKGROUND WERE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST IMPORTANT. THERE WAS A CONSENSUS THAT A GRADUAL AND NONSPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT OFTEN CHARACTERIZES AACD, MAKING ITS CLINICAL DETECTION POTENTIALLY CHALLENGING. IN ADDITION, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS MIGHT HAVE MULTIFACTORIAL CAUSES AND OVERLAPPING ORIGINS, SUCH AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS. AS A RESULT, AN INITIAL CHECKLIST WAS OUTLINED, LISTING CLINICAL FACTORS OF SPECIAL RELEVANCE (E.G., FATIGUE, LOW QUALITY OF SLEEP, AND LOW MOOD) TO REPRESENT EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ORGANISM'S EXHAUSTION, WHICH ARE ALSO FREQUENTLY NEGLECTED IN THE CLINICAL SETTING. DIFFERENTIATING AACD FROM OTHER CONDITIONS IS ESSENTIAL. THE USE OF A COMBINATION OF BIOMARKERS WAS PROPOSED AS A VIABLE METHOD IN A TWO-STEP PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION: 1) IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY AACD CLINICAL INDICATORS, FOLLOWED BY 2) SYMPTOM AND BIOMARKER CONFIRMATION WITH A FOCUS ON SYSTEM DOMAINS (TO BE POTENTIALLY TARGETED BY FUTURE SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS). ALTHOUGH THE AACD CONSTRUCT IS NOT YET READY FOR ROUTINE USE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, ITS OPERATIONALIZATION MAY SUPPORT THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF AGE-RELATED CONDITIONS (WHEN THIS MIGHT STILL BE AMENABLE TO REVERSION) AND ALSO ENCOURAGE PREVENTATIVE INTERVENTIONS. FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED TO ESTABLISH SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS THAT CONFIRM INDEPENDENT RISK FACTORS FOR AACD AND PROVIDE A MORE DEFINITIVE STRUCTURE TO THE CONCEPT OF AACD (AND AGE-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR DECLINE).	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                      
9   103  28 A REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK FOR PERSONALIZED AND TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES: PERSPECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY. DESPITE MANY PEOPLE HAVING SIMILAR CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, AND CLINICAL CARE, OUTCOME CAN DIFFER FOR THOSE SUSTAINING SIGNIFICANT INJURY SUCH AS SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI). IN ADDITION TO TRADITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND CLINICAL FACTORS, VARIABILITY ALSO MAY BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO INNATE (INCLUDING GENETIC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROTEOMIC, EPIGENETIC) BIOLOGICAL VARIATION THAT INDIVIDUALS BRING TO RECOVERY AND THEIR UNIQUE RESPONSE TO THEIR CARE AND ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES COLLECTIVELY CALLED "-OMICS" ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF BIOMOLECULES THAT CAN CAPTURE MANY POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS TO HETEROGENEITY OF INJURY/DISEASE COURSE AND OUTCOME. DUE TO THE NATURE OF INJURY AND COMPLEX DISEASE, AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY, AND RECOVERY, REHABILITATION DOES NOT LEND ITSELF TO A SINGULAR "PROTOCOLIZED" PLAN OF THERAPY. YET, BY NATURE AND BY NECESSITY, REHABILITATION MEDICINE OPERATES AS A FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF "PERSONALIZED CARE". THUS, THE CHALLENGE FOR SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS OF TRANSLATIONAL REHABILITATION CARE AND RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY VIABLE APPROACHES TO EXAMINE BROAD POPULATIONS, WITH VARIED IMPAIRMENTS AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, AND TO IDENTIFY EFFECTIVE TREATMENT RESPONSES THAT INCORPORATE PERSONALIZED PROTOCOLS TO OPTIMIZE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY. THE REHABILOMICS FRAMEWORK IS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL THAT PROVIDES AN "-OMICS" OVERLAY TO THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF REHABILITATION PROCESSES AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL OUTCOMES. REHABILOMICS RESEARCH PROVIDES NOVEL OPPORTUNITIES TO EVALUATE THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF COMPLEX INJURY OR CHRONIC DISEASE AND CAN BE USED TO EXAMINE METHODS AND TREATMENTS FOR PERSON-CENTERED CARE AMONG POPULATIONS WITH DISABILITIES. EXEMPLARS FOR APPLICATION IN SCI AND OTHER NEUROREHABILITATION POPULATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10   107  33 A REVIEW OF PRE-CLINICAL MODELS FOR GULF WAR ILLNESS. GULF WAR ILLNESS (GWI) IS A CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOMATIC DISORDER THAT AFFLICTS OVER 1/3RD OF THE 1991 GW VETERANS. IT SPANS MULTIPLE BODILY SYSTEMS AND PRESENTS ITSELF AS A SYNDROME EXHIBITING DIVERSE SYMPTOMS INCLUDING FATIGUE, DEPRESSION, MOOD, AND MEMORY AND CONCENTRATION DEFICITS, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISTRESS IN GW VETERANS. THE ETIOLOGY OF GWI IS COMPLEX AND MANY FACTORS, INCLUDING CHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS PRESENT IN THE GW ARENA, HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT. IT HAS BEEN OVER 30 YEARS SINCE THE END OF THE GW BUT, GWI HAS BEEN PERSISTENT IN SUFFERING VETERANS WHO ARE ALSO DEALING WITH PAUCITY OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS. THE MULTIFACTORIAL ASPECT OF GWI ALONG WITH GENETIC HETEROGENEITY AND LACK OF AVAILABLE DATA SURROUNDING WAR-TIME EXPOSURES HAVE PROVED TO BE CHALLENGING IN DEVELOPING PRE-CLINICAL MODELS OF GWI. DESPITE THIS, OVER A DOZEN GWI ANIMAL MODELS EXIST IN THE LITERATURE. IN THIS ARTICLE, FOLLOWING A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF GW HISTORY, GWI DEFINITIONS, AND PROBABLE CAUSES FOR ITS PATHOGENESIS, WE WILL EXPAND UPON VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL MODELS USED IN GWI LABORATORY RESEARCH. THESE ANIMAL MODELS WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR ATTEMPTS AT MIMICKING GW-RELATED EXPOSURES WITH REGARDS TO THE VARIATIONS IN CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS, DOSES, AND FREQUENCY OF EXPOSURES. WE WILL DISCUSS THEIR ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS IN MODELING GWI FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS IN THESE MODELS. THE MECHANISTIC DATA OBTAINED FROM THESE PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE OFFERED MULTIPLE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INCLUDING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, LIPID DISTURBANCES, CALCIUM HOMEOSTATIC ALTERATIONS, CHANGES IN GUT MICROBIOTA, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AMONGST OTHERS FOR EXPLAINING GWI DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PERSISTENCE. FINALLY, THESE FINDINGS HAVE ALSO INFORMED US ON NOVEL DRUGGABLE TARGETS IN GWI. WHILE, IT HAS BEEN DIFFICULT TO CONCEIVE A SINGLE PRE-CLINICAL MODEL THAT COULD EXPRESS ALL THE GWI SIGNS AND EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY REFLECTIVE OF THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION IN GWI, ANIMAL MODELS HAVE BEEN CRITICAL FOR IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS OF GWI AND EVALUATING TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR GWI.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11  1314  30 DELINEATING CONDITIONS AND SUBTYPES IN CHRONIC PAIN USING NEUROIMAGING. DIFFERENTIATING SUBTYPES OF CHRONIC PAIN STILL REMAINS A CHALLENGE-BOTH FROM A SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IS THE CURRENT GOAL OF MODERN MEDICAL CARE AND IS LIMITED BY THE SUBJECTIVE NATURE OF PATIENT SELF-REPORTING OF SYMPTOMS AND BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION. PHYSIOLOGY-FOCUSED TECHNIQUES SUCH AS GENOME AND EPIGENETIC ANALYSES INFORM THE DELINEATION OF PAIN GROUPS; HOWEVER, EXCEPT UNDER RARE CIRCUMSTANCES, THEY HAVE DILUTED EFFECTS THAT AGAIN, SHARE A COMMON RELIANCE ON BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION. THE APPLICATION OF STRUCTURAL NEUROIMAGING TOWARDS DISTINGUISHING PAIN SUBTYPES IS A GROWING FIELD AND MAY INFORM PAIN-GROUP CLASSIFICATION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF BRAIN REGIONS SHOWING HYPERTROPHIC AND ATROPHIC CHANGES IN THE PRESENCE OF PAIN. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS MACHINE-LEARNING CLASSIFIERS HAVE THE CAPACITY TO PROCESS LARGE VOLUMES OF DATA AND DELINEATE DIAGNOSTICALLY RELEVANT INFORMATION FROM NEUROIMAGING ANALYSIS. THE ISSUE OF DEFINING A "BRAIN TYPE" IS AN EMERGING FIELD AIMED AT INTERPRETING OBSERVED BRAIN CHANGES AND DELINEATING THEIR CLINICAL IDENTITY/SIGNIFICANCE. IN THIS REVIEW, 2 CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS (MIGRAINE AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME) WITH SIMILAR CLINICAL PHENOTYPES ARE COMPARED IN TERMS OF THEIR STRUCTURAL NEUROIMAGING FINDINGS. INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATIONS ARE COMPARED WITH FINDINGS FROM APPLICATION OF MACHINE-LEARNING ALGORITHMS. FINDINGS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF DIFFERENTIATING PATIENT SUBGROUPS USING NEUROIMAGING DATA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN AND HOW THEY MAY BE APPLIED TOWARDS DEFINING A PERSONALIZED PAIN SIGNATURE THAT HELPS SEGREGATE PATIENT SUBGROUPS (EG, MIGRAINE WITH AND WITHOUT AURA, WITH OR WITHOUT NAUSEA; IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME VS OTHER FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS).	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
12  5882  29 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  4515  30 MULTI-OMICS APPROACHES FOR PRECISION OBESITY MANAGEMENT : POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS OF OMICS IN PRECISION PREVENTION, TREATMENT AND RISK REDUCTION OF OBESITY. INTRODUCTION: OBESITY IS A MULTIFACTORIAL CHRONIC DISEASE THAT CANNOT BE ADDRESSED BY SIMPLY PROMOTING BETTER DIETS AND MORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. TO DATE, NOT A SINGLE COUNTRY HAS SUCCESSFULLY BEEN ABLE TO CURB THE ACCUMULATING BURDEN OF OBESITY. ONE EXPLANATION FOR THE LACK OF PROGRESS IS THAT LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION PROGRAMS ARE TRADITIONALLY IMPLEMENTED WITHOUT A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS. EVIDENCE FROM GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY AND HOW THEY IN TURN AFFECT THE TRANSCRIPTOME, METABOLITES, MICROBIOMES, AND PROTEOMES. OBJECTIVE: THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OMICS DATA: GENOMICS, EPIGENOMICS, TRANSCRIPTOMICS, PROTEOMICS, METABOLOMICS AND ILLUSTRATE HOW A MULTI-OMICS APPROACH CAN BE FUNDAMENTAL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRECISION OBESITY MANAGEMENT. RESULTS: THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OMICS DESIGNS ARE GROUPED INTO TWO CATEGORIES, THE GENOTYPE APPROACH AND THE PHENOTYPE APPROACH. WHEN APPLIED TO OBESITY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT, EACH OMICS TYPE COULD POTENTIALLY HELP TO DETECT SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS IN PEOPLE WITH RISK PROFILES AND GUIDE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AND DECISION MAKERS IN DEVELOPING INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT PLANS ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE INDIVIDUAL BEFORE THE ONSET OF OBESITY. CONCLUSION: INTEGRATING MULTI-OMICS APPROACHES WILL ENABLE A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM THE ONE SIZE FITS ALL APPROACH TOWARDS PRECISION OBESITY MANAGEMENT, I.E. (1) PRECISION PREVENTION OF THE ONSET OF OBESITY, (2) PRECISION MEDICINE AND TAILORED TREATMENT OF OBESITY, AND (3) PRECISION RISK REDUCTION AND PREVENTION OF SECONDARY DISEASES RELATED TO OBESITY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14   367  21 AMPLIFIED PAIN SYNDROMES IN CHILDREN: TREATMENT AND NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: ALTHOUGH MANY DIAGNOSTIC TERMS ARE USED FOR PEDIATRIC CHRONIC PAIN, EVIDENCE SUGGESTS A COMMON THREAD OF SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION, LEADING TO THE UNIFYING TERM 'AMPLIFIED PAIN SYNDROMES'. ONGOING RESEARCH PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONTRIBUTORS AND TREATMENTS FOR PEDIATRIC AMPLIFIED PAIN SYNDROMES. RECENT FINDINGS: BASIC SCIENCE INDICATES A COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, NEUROCHEMICAL, ENDOCRINE, AND INFLAMMATORY CONTRIBUTORS, ALONG WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS. ALTHOUGH MEDICATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS REMAIN COMMON APPROACHES TO CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC PAIN, THEIR EVIDENCE IS LIMITED. PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE EXISTS FOR MINDFULNESS-BASED THERAPIES, YOGA, AND OTHER COMPLEMENTARY/ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES. THE STRONGEST EVIDENCE IS FOR EXERCISE-BASED AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENTS, IN PARTICULAR, WHEN COMBINED IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FORMAT. INTENSIVE APPROACHES (PAIN REHABILITATION) HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY TREAT THOSE MOST DISABLED BY AMPLIFIED PAIN SYNDROMES, AND LEAD TO SUSTAINED IMPROVEMENT IN PAIN, FUNCTIONING, AND MEDICAL UTILIZATION. SUMMARY: ALTHOUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PEDIATRIC AMPLIFIED PAIN SYNDROMES EVOLVES, STANDARD OF CARE IS MULTIDISCIPLINARY EMPHASIZING EXERCISE THERAPY, COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT, AND SELF-REGULATION. TREATMENT SHOULD TARGET FULL RETURN TO PHYSICAL FUNCTION, WHICH LEADS TO SUBSEQUENT IMPROVEMENT OR RESOLUTION OF PAIN. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE CAN BE COORDINATED BY A RHEUMATOLOGIST OR OTHER PHYSICIAN WITH APPROPRIATE REFERRALS, OR THROUGH A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15   734  32 CANCER HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES. A NEED EXISTS TO EXAMINE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE HEALTHCARE ARENA AND THE IMPACT ON PATIENTS WITH CANCER. DESPITE ONGOING EFFORTS TO INCREASE EQUITY IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE ACCESS, RACIAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES PERSIST, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO DISPROPORTIONATE TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND SURVIVORSHIP AMONG MINORITY AND LOW-INCOME PATIENTS. SUCH DISPARITIES HAVE BEEN REVEALED IN TREATMENT COHORTS OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE FORMS OF CANCER, INCLUDING BREAST, CERVICAL, OVARIAN, ENDOMETRIAL, PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL, GASTROINTESTINAL, AND HEPATOCELLULAR, AND HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO A RANGE OF CO-OCCURRING BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, UNDERLYING GENETIC FACTORS, AS WELL AS ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES THAT LIMIT THE QUALITY OF INFORMED HEALTHCARE. THESE VARIOUS INTERRELATED FACTORS WIDEN CANCER HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES SYNERGISTICALLY THROUGHOUT UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE HAS BEEN AMPLIFIED BY THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC. FUNDAMENTALLY, A LACK OF BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH EXISTS THAT FAILS TO ADEQUATELY REFLECT DIVERSITY AND MINORITY INVOLVEMENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT. ALTHOUGH OVERCOMING THE OBSTACLES RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC TREATMENT DISPARITIES IS A FORMIDABLE TASK, PROMISING MEANS OF ACHIEVING MORE UNIFORM QUALITY HEALTHCARE ARE BECOMING MORE CLEARLY ELUCIDATED. TO REDUCE DISEASE PROGRESSION, INCREASE OVERALL SURVIVAL, AND IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, IT IS NECESSARY TO IDENTIFY AND FULLY DISCLOSE ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND ANCESTRAL FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE RISK FOR CANCER; HEAL HISTORICAL FRACTURES WITHIN COMMUNITIES; AND INCREASE PARTICIPATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN SCREENING EFFORTS AND RESEARCH STUDIES. THIS REQUIRES DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OF JUSTICE AND TRUST BASED ON SPECIFIC, SOLUTION-ORIENTED GRASSROOTS COMMUNITY EFFORTS WORKING IN TANDEM WITH MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL LEADERS. BY FULLY EXPLORING AND PINPOINTING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES, IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO DEFINE STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS MOST LIKELY TO TRANSFORM CANCER CARE. THE ULTIMATE GOAL IS UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL, CULTURAL, AND BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES, INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC LIABILITIES, TO OPTIMIZE CANCER PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16  4025  32 LUNG CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATED RESEARCH. LUNG CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) ARE LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES AND WORLDWIDE. THEY SHARE A COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR IN CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE AND A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION REPRESENTED BY THE INCIDENCE OF THESE DISEASES IN ONLY A FRACTION OF SMOKERS. THE PRESENCE OF COPD INCREASES THE RISK OF LUNG CANCER UP TO 4.5-FOLD. TO INVESTIGATE COMMONALITIES IN DISEASE MECHANISMS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DISEASE CHEMOPREVENTION, THE NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE (NHLBI) AND THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (NCI) HELD A WORKSHOP. THE PARTICIPANTS IDENTIFIED FOUR RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: 1) CLARIFY COMMON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG CANCER AND COPD; 2) IDENTIFY SHARED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS; 3) IDENTIFY AND VALIDATE BIOMARKERS, MOLECULAR SIGNATURES, AND IMAGING-DERIVED MEASUREMENTS OF EACH DISEASE; AND 4) DETERMINE COMMON AND DISPARATE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE OBJECTIVES SHOULD BE REACHED VIA FOUR RESEARCH APPROACHES: 1) IDENTIFY, PUBLICIZE, AND ENABLE THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING DATASETS AND REPOSITORIES OF BIOSPECIMENS; 2) OBTAIN PHENOTYPIC AND OUTCOME DATA AND BIOSPECIMENS FROM LARGE STUDIES OF SUBJECTS WITH AND/OR AT RISK FOR COPD AND LUNG CANCER; 3) DEVELOP AND USE ANIMAL AND OTHER PRECLINICAL MODELS TO INVESTIGATE PATHOGENETIC LINKS BETWEEN THE DISEASES; AND 4) CONDUCT EARLY-PHASE CLINICAL TRIALS OF POTENTIAL CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS. TO FOSTER MUCH NEEDED RESEARCH INTERACTIONS, TWO FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS WERE MADE BY THE PARTICIPANTS: 1) INCORPORATE BASELINE PHENOTYPING AND OUTCOME MEASURES FOR BOTH DISEASES IN FUTURE LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF EACH DISEASE AND 2) EXPAND COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS BETWEEN THE NCI AND NHLBI.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  5139  22 POTENTIAL NOVEL BIOMARKERS IN CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE. PROGNOSTIC, DIAGNOSTIC OR PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS ARE URGENTLY NEEDED FOR ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (CGVHD), A MAJOR RISK FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION. THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS REVIEW GENERATED WITHIN THE COST ACTION EUROGRAFT "INTEGRATED EUROPEAN NETWORK ON CHRONIC GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE" WAS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR CGVHD BESIDES THE WIDELY ACCEPTED MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOMARKERS. THUS, THE FOCUS WAS ON CELLULAR BIOMARKERS, ALLOANTIBODIES, GLYCOMICS, ENDOTHELIAL DERIVED PARTICLES, EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES, MICROBIOME, EPIGENETIC AND NEUROLOGIC CHANGES IN CGVHD PATIENTS. BOTH HOST-REACTIVE ANTIBODIES IN GENERAL, AND PARTICULARLY ALLOANTIBODIES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CGVHD AND REQUIRE FURTHER CONSIDERATION. GLYCANS ATTACHED TO IGG MODULATE ITS ACTIVITY AND REPRESENT A PROMISING PREDICTIVE AND/OR STRATIFICATION BIOMARKER FOR CGVHD. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS MICRORNAS AND DNA METHYLATION REPRESENT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR MONITORING CGVHD PATIENTS AND NOVEL TARGETS FOR DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES. FINALLY, THE MICROBIOME LIKELY AFFECTS THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CGVHD; BACTERIAL STRAINS AS WELL AS MICROBIAL METABOLITES COULD DISPLAY POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR DYSBIOSIS AND RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CGVHD. IN SUMMARY, ALTHOUGH THERE ARE NO VALIDATED BIOMARKERS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR CLINICAL USE TO BETTER INFORM ON THE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS OR PREDICTION OF OUTCOME FOR CGVHD, MANY NOVEL SOURCES OF POTENTIAL MARKERS HAVE SHOWN PROMISE AND WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION USING WELL CHARACTERIZED, MULTI-CENTER PATIENT COHORTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  4519  27 MULTI-OMICS IN CROHN'S DISEASE: NEW INSIGHTS FROM INSIDE. CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) IS AN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) WITH COMPLEX CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SUCH AS CHRONIC DIARRHEA, WEIGHT LOSS AND HEMATOCHEZIA. DESPITE THE INCREASING INCIDENCE WORLDWIDE, CURE OF CD REMAINS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT. THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY WITH INTEGRATED-OMICS ANALYSES IN RECENT YEARS HAS PROVIDED A NEW MEANS FOR EXPLORING THE PATHOGENESIS, MINING THE BIOMARKERS AND DESIGNING TARGETED PERSONALIZED THERAPEUTICS OF CD. HOST GENOMICS AND EPIGENOMICS UNVEIL HEREDITY-RELATED MECHANISMS OF SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS, WHILE MICROBIOME AND METABOLOMICS MAP HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS IN CD PATIENTS. PROTEOMICS SHOWS GREAT POTENTIAL IN SEARCHING FOR PROMISING BIOMARKERS. NONETHELESS, SINGLE OMICS TECHNOLOGY CANNOT HOLISTICALLY CONNECT THE MECHANISMS WITH HETEROGENEITY OF PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR IN CD. THE RISE OF MULTI-OMICS ANALYSIS INTEGRATES GENETIC/EPIGENETIC PROFILES WITH PROTEIN/MICROBIAL METABOLITE FUNCTIONALITY, PROVIDING NEW HOPE FOR COMPREHENSIVE AND IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF CD. HEREIN, WE EMPHASIZED THE DIFFERENT OMICS FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS OF CD AND DISCUSSED THE CURRENT RESEARCH AND LIMITATIONS OF MULTI-OMICS IN CD. THIS REVIEW WILL UPDATE AND DEEPEN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CD FROM INTEGRATION OF BROAD OMICS SPECTRA AND WILL PROVIDE NEW EVIDENCE FOR TARGETED INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPEUTICS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  4344  26 MINIREVIEW: TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE: CHALLENGES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES. INCREASING IMPORTANCE IS PLACED ON THE TRANSLATIONAL VALIDITY OF ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE TO DISCERN RISK VS. BENEFIT FOR PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES AFTER THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE HEALTH. BASIC DISCOVERY RESEARCH CONDUCTED OVER MANY DECADES HAS BUILT AN EXTENSIVE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING REPRODUCTIVE SENESCENCE ACROSS MAMMALIAN SPECIES UPON WHICH TO ADVANCE ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE. MODIFICATIONS TO EXISTING ANIMAL MODELS COULD RAPIDLY ADDRESS TRANSLATIONAL GAPS RELEVANT TO CLINICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN MENOPAUSAL HEALTH, WHICH INCLUDE THE IMPACT OF 1) CHRONIC OVARIAN HORMONE DEPRIVATION AND HORMONE THERAPY, 2) CLINICALLY RELEVANT HORMONE THERAPY REGIMENS (CYCLIC VS. CONTINUOUS COMBINED), 3) CLINICALLY RELEVANT HORMONE THERAPY FORMULATIONS, AND 4) WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY AND OPTIMAL DURATION OF INTERVENTIONS. MODIFICATIONS IN EXISTING ANIMAL MODELS TO MORE ACCURATELY REPRESENT HUMAN MENOPAUSE AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS COULD RAPIDLY PROVIDE PRECLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL DATA TO PREDICT OUTCOMES REGARDING UNRESOLVED CLINICAL ISSUES RELEVANT TO WOMEN'S MENOPAUSAL HEALTH. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEXT GENERATION OF ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE COULD LEVERAGE ADVANCES IN IDENTIFYING GENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS TO DEVELOP PERSONALIZED MENOPAUSAL CARE AND TO PREDICT OUTCOMES OF INTERVENTIONS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OR VULNERABILITY TO DISEASE. KEY TO THE SUCCESS OF THESE MODELS IS THE CLOSE COUPLING BETWEEN THE TRANSLATIONAL TARGET AND THE RANGE OF PREDICTIVE VALIDITY. PRECLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE NEED TO KEEP PACE WITH CHANGES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. WITH FOCUS ON PREDICTIVE VALIDITY AND STRATEGIC USE OF ADVANCES IN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SCIENCE, NEW ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO SET NEW DIRECTIONS FOR MENOPAUSAL CLINICAL CARE FOR WOMEN WORLDWIDE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20  3606  25 IMPROVING TREATMENT OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON PRECLINICAL STUDIES. INTRODUCTION: NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (NDDS) ARE COMMON AND SEVERELY DEBILITATING. THEIR CHRONIC NATURE AND RELIANCE ON BOTH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAKES STUDYING NDDS AND THEIR TREATMENT A CHALLENGING TASK. AREAS COVERED: HEREIN, THE AUTHORS DISCUSS THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF NDDS, AND PRESENT RECOMMENDATIONS ON THEIR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY, OUTLINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL STRESS AND BEHAVIOR SOCIETY. VARIOUS DRUGS CURRENTLY PRESCRIBED TO TREAT NDDS ALSO REPRESENT A HIGHLY DIVERSE GROUP. ACTING ON VARIOUS NEUROTRANSMITTER AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, THESE DRUGS OFTEN LACK SPECIFICITY OF ACTION, AND ARE COMMONLY USED TO TREAT MULTIPLE OTHER PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS. THERE HAS ALSO BEEN RELATIVELY LITTLE PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MEDICATIONS TO TREAT NDDS. BASED ON CLINICAL, PRECLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MODELS OF NDDS, OUR RECOMMENDATIONS COVER A WIDE RANGE OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND CONCEPTUAL STRATEGIES. EXPERT OPINION: TO IMPROVE PHARMACOTHERAPY AND DRUG DISCOVERY FOR NDDS, WE NEED A STRONGER EMPHASIS ON TARGETING MULTIPLE ENDOPHENOTYPES, A BETTER DISSECTION OF GENETIC/EPIGENETIC FACTORS OR "HIDDEN HERITABILITY," AND A CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTAL/TROPHIC ROLES OF BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS. THE VALIDITY OF ANIMAL NDD MODELS CAN BE IMPROVED THROUGH DISCOVERY OF NOVEL (BEHAVIORAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROIMAGING) BIOMARKERS, APPLYING PROPER ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT, WIDENING THE SPECTRUM OF MODEL ORGANISMS, TARGETING DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF NDD-RELATED BEHAVIORS AND COMORBID CONDITIONS BEYOND TRADITIONAL NDDS. WHILE THESE RECOMMENDATIONS CANNOT BE ADDRESSED ALL IN ONCE, OUR INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF NDD PATHOBIOLOGY MAY TRIGGER INNOVATIVE CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDING BEYOND TRADITIONAL METHODS AND CONCEPTS.	2016