1  4723 96 NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. WITH CLOSE GENOMIC AND PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITY TO HUMANS, NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE EPIGENETIC MIMICS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), SUGGESTING EARLY LIFE TARGETING FOR PREVENTION. FETAL EXPOSURE TO TESTOSTERONE (T), OF ALL NONHUMAN PRIMATE EMULATIONS, PROVIDES THE CLOSEST PCOS-LIKE PHENOTYPES, WITH EARLY-TO-MID GESTATION T-EXPOSED FEMALE RHESUS MONKEYS EXHIBITING ADULT REPRODUCTIVE, ENDOCRINOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONAL TRAITS THAT ARE CO-PATHOLOGIES OF PCOS. LATE GESTATIONAL T EXPOSURE, WHILE INDUCING ADULT OVARIAN HYPERANDROGENISM AND MENSTRUAL ABNORMALITIES, HAS LESS DYSFUNCTIONAL METABOLIC ACCOMPANIMENT. FETAL EXPOSURES TO DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT) OR DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES) SUGGEST ANDROGENIC AND ESTROGENIC ASPECTS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING. NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO T PRODUCES NO PCOS-LIKE OUTCOME, WHILE CONTINUOUS T TREATMENT OF JUVENILE FEMALES CAUSES PRECOCIOUS WEIGHT GAIN AND EARLY MENARCHE (HIGH T), OR HIGH LH AND WEIGHT GAIN (MODERATE T). ACUTE T EXPOSURE OF ADULT FEMALES GENERATES POLYFOLLICULAR OVARIES, WHILE CHRONIC T EXPOSURE INDUCES SUBTLE MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES WITHOUT METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  1788 14 EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN RHESUS MACAQUES ON THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE TRANSCRIPTOME. THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE (NACC) HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY DEMONSTRATED TO BE A KEY COMPONENT OF THE CIRCUITRY ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE ILLUSTRATED THAT IN A NONHUMAN PRIMATE (NHP) MODEL OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, THERE IS SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF THE NACC. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, RNA-SEQ WAS USED TO EXAMINE GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION IN EIGHT EACH OF CONTROL, LOW/BINGE (LD*), AND HIGH/VERY HIGH (HD*) RHESUS MACAQUE DRINKERS. USING AN FDR < 0.05, ZERO GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED (DE) BETWEEN LD* AND CONTROLS, SIX GENES BETWEEN HD* AND LD*, AND 734 GENES BETWEEN HD* AND CONTROLS. FOCUSING ON HD* VERSUS CONTROL DE GENES, THE UPREGULATED GENES (N = 366) WERE ENRICHED IN GENES WITH ANNOTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE (SRP)-DEPENDENT CO-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN TARGETING TO MEMBRANE (FDR < 3 X 10(-59) ), STRUCTURAL CONSTITUENT OF RIBOSOME (FDR < 3 X 10(-47) ), AND RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT (FDR < 5 X 10(-48) ). DOWNREGULATED GENES (N = 363) WERE ENRICHED IN ANNOTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BEHAVIOR (FDR < 2 X 10(-4) ), MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION (FDR < 1 X 10(-4) ), INORGANIC CATION TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY (FDR < 2 X 10(-3) ), SYNAPSE PART (FDR < 4 X 10(-10) ), GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE (FDR < 1 X 10(-6) ), AND GABAERGIC SYNAPSE (FDR < 6 X 10(-4) ). INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) REVEALED THAT EIF2 SIGNALING AND MTOR PATHWAYS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN HD* ANIMALS (FDR < 3 X 10(-33) AND <2 X 10(-16) , RESPECTIVELY). OVERALL, THE DATA SUPPORTED OUR WORKING HYPOTHESIS; EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GABA/GLUTAMATE-RELATED GENES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  1009 16 CHRONIC VOLUNTARY ETHANOL DRINKING IN CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES ELICITS GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PREFRONTAL CORTICAL AREA 46. BACKGROUND: GENOME-WIDE PROFILING TO EXAMINE BRAIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE ETHANOL (ETOH) CONSUMPTION HAS BEEN APPLIED TO A VARIETY OF SPECIES INCLUDING RODENTS, NONHUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS), AND HUMANS. HOWEVER, THESE DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLES WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO INDIVIDUAL VARIATION WHEN OBTAINED FROM SMALL OUTBRED POPULATIONS TYPICAL OF HUMAN AND NHP STUDIES. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, A NOVEL WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGN WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION ON PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) GENE EXPRESSION IN A NHP MODEL. METHODS: TWO COHORTS OF CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES (N = 23) UNDERWENT A SCHEDULE-INDUCED POLYDIPSIA PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH ETOH SELF-ADMINISTRATION FOLLOWED BY 6 MONTHS OF DAILY OPEN ACCESS TO ETOH (4% W/V) AND WATER. INDIVIDUAL DAILY ETOH INTAKES RANGED FROM AN AVERAGE OF 0.7 TO 3.7 G/KG/D. DORSAL LATERAL PFC AREA 46 (A46) BRAIN BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED IN ETOH-NAIVE AND CONTROL MONKEYS; CONTRALATERAL A46 BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM THE SAME MONKEYS FOLLOWING THE 6 MONTHS OF FLUID CONSUMPTION. GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES WERE ASSESSED USING RNA-SEQ PAIRED ANALYSIS, WHICH ALLOWED FOR CORRECTION OF INDIVIDUAL BASELINE DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 675 GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION; THESE WERE FUNCTIONALLY ENRICHED FOR IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELL ADHESION, PLASMA MEMBRANE, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. A TOTAL OF 567 GENES THAT WERE UP-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION WERE ENRICHED IN MICRORNA TARGET SITES AND INCLUDED TARGET SITES ASSOCIATED WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. CONCLUSIONS: THE DATA PRESENTED HERE ARE THE FIRST TO USE A LONGITUDINAL BIOPSY STRATEGY TO EXAMINE HOW CHRONIC ETOH CONSUMPTION AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMATE PFC. PROMINENT EFFECTS WERE SEEN IN BOTH CELL ADHESION AND NEUROIMMUNE PATHWAYS; THE LATTER CONTAINED BOTH PRO- AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY GENES. THE DATA ALSO INDICATE THAT CHANGES IN MIRNAS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MAY BE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ETOH CONSUMPTION.	2020	

4  2040 17 EPIGENETIC CHANGES WITH DIETARY SOY IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS ARE IMPORTANT ALTERNATIVES FOR REDUCING THE PREVALENCE OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. SOY IS A GOOD SOURCE OF PROTEIN THAT CONTAINS ISOFLAVONES, INCLUDING GENISTEIN AND DAIDZEIN, AND MAY ALTER THE RISK OF OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, OSTEOPOROSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS. WE HAVE SHOWN PREVIOUSLY IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES THAT SOY PROTEIN CONTAINING ISOFLAVONES LEADS TO IMPROVED BODY WEIGHT, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, LIPID PROFILES, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS COMPARED TO PROTEIN WITHOUT SOY ISOFLAVONES (CASEIN), AND DOES NOT INCREASE THE RISK OF CANCER. SINCE GENISTEIN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO ALTER DNA METHYLATION, WE COMPARED THE METHYLATION PROFILES OF CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS, FROM MULTIPLE TISSUES, EATING TWO HIGH-FAT, TYPICAL AMERICAN DIETS (TAD) WITH SIMILAR MACRONUTRIENT CONTENTS, WITH OR WITHOUT SOY PROTEIN. DNA METHYLATION STATUS WAS SUCCESSFULLY DETERMINED FOR 80.6% OF THE PROBES IN AT LEAST ONE TISSUE USING ILLUMINA'S HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP. OVERALL METHYLATION INCREASED IN LIVER AND MUSCLE TISSUE WHEN MONKEYS SWITCHED FROM THE TAD-SOY TO THE TAD-CASEIN DIETS. GENES INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SPECIFICALLY HOMEOBOX GENES (HOXA5, HOXA11, AND HOXB1), AND ABCG5 WERE AMONG THOSE THAT CHANGED BETWEEN DIETS. THESE DATA SUPPORT THE USE OF THE HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS AND IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY INTERVENTIONS WITH SOY PROTEIN THAT MAY POTENTIALLY AFFECT THE ETIOLOGY OF COMPLEX DISEASES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5  5878 24 SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF HYPERANDROGENEMIA AND OBESOGENIC WESTERN-STYLE DIET ON TRANSCRIPTION AND DNA METHYLATION IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS A MAJOR REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 80% OF ANOVULATORY INFERTILITY AND THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERANDROGENEMIA, INCREASED RISK OF OBESITY, AND WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE (WAT) DYSFUNCTION. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE COMBINATION OF CHRONIC TESTOSTERONE (T) TREATMENT AND AN OBESOGENIC WESTERN-STYLE DIET (WSD) EXERTS SYNERGISTIC FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS ON WAT, LEADING TO INCREASED LIPID ACCUMULATION IN VISCERAL ADIPOCYTES BY AN UNKNOWN MECHANISM. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE WHOLE-GENOME TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE IN VISCERAL WAT TO T AND WSD, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION. WE OBSERVED A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF T AND WSD ON GENE EXPRESSION, RESULTING IN UPREGULATION OF LIPID STORAGE GENES CONCOMITANT WITH ADIPOCYTE HYPERTROPHY. BECAUSE DNA METHYLATION IS KNOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION AND THE ETIOLOGY OF PCOS, WE CONDUCTED WHOLE-GENOME DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF VISCERAL WAT. WHILE ONLY A FRACTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES ALSO EXHIBITED DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION, IN SILICO ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WERE ENRICHED IN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING MOTIFS, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL GENE REGULATORY ROLE FOR THESE REGIONS. IN SUMMARY, THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT HYPERANDROGENEMIA ALONE DOES NOT INDUCE GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE IN YOUNG FEMALE MACAQUES UNLESS COMBINED WITH AN OBESOGENIC DIET.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6   420 26 ANDROGEN-MEDIATED PERTURBATION OF THE HEPATIC CIRCADIAN SYSTEM THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION PROMOTES NAFLD IN PCOS MICE. IN WOMEN, EXCESS ANDROGEN CAUSES POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), A COMMON FERTILITY DISORDER WITH COMORBID METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS INCLUDING DIABETES, OBESITY, AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. USING A PCOS MOUSE MODEL, THIS STUDY SHOWS THAT CHRONIC HIGH ANDROGEN LEVELS CAUSE HEPATIC STEATOSIS WHILE HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC ANDROGEN RECEPTOR (AR)-KNOCKOUT RESCUES THIS PHENOTYPE. MOREOVER, THROUGH RNA-SEQUENCING AND METABOLOMIC STUDIES, WE HAVE IDENTIFIED KEY METABOLIC GENES AND PATHWAYS AFFECTED BY HYPERANDROGENISM. OUR STUDIES REVEAL THAT A LARGE NUMBER OF METABOLIC GENES ARE DIRECTLY REGULATED BY ANDROGENS THROUGH AR BINDING TO ANDROGEN RESPONSE ELEMENT SEQUENCES ON THE PROMOTER REGION OF THESE GENES. INTERESTINGLY, A NUMBER OF CIRCADIAN GENES ARE ALSO DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED BY ANDROGENS. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES USING A CIRCADIAN REPORTER [PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC)] MOUSE MODEL DEMONSTRATE THAT ANDROGENS CAN DIRECTLY DISRUPT THE HEPATIC TIMING SYSTEM, WHICH IS A KEY REGULATOR OF LIVER METABOLISM. CONSEQUENTLY, STUDIES SHOW THAT ANDROGENS DECREASE H3K27ME3, A GENE SILENCING MARK ON THE PROMOTER OF CORE CLOCK GENES, BY INHIBITING THE EXPRESSION OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE, EZH2, WHILE INDUCING THE EXPRESSION OF THE HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, JMJD3, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ADDING AND REMOVING THE H3K27ME3 MARK, RESPECTIVELY. FINALLY, WE REPORT THAT UNDER HYPERANDROGENIC CONDITIONS, SOME OF THE SAME CIRCADIAN/METABOLIC GENES THAT ARE UPREGULATED IN THE MOUSE LIVER ARE ALSO ELEVATED IN NONHUMAN PRIMATE LIVERS. IN SUMMARY, THESE STUDIES NOT ONLY PROVIDE AN OVERALL UNDERSTANDING OF HOW HYPERANDROGENISM ASSOCIATED WITH PCOS AFFECTS LIVER GENE EXPRESSION AND METABOLISM BUT ALSO OFFER INSIGHT INTO THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS LEADING TO HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN PCOS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  1325 15 DEPLETED URANIUM INDUCES SEX- AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC METHYLATION PATTERNS IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS (2 AND 20 MUG L(-)(1)) OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT WATERBORNE DEPLETED URANIUM (DU) ON THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS BOTH AT HPAII RESTRICTION SITES (5'-CCGG-3') AND ACROSS THE WHOLE GENOME IN THE ZEBRAFISH BRAIN, GONADS, AND EYES. WE FIRST IDENTIFIED SEX-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES IN THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF HPAII SITES AFTER EXPOSURE. IN MALES, THESE EFFECTS WERE PRESENT AS EARLY AS 7 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE TO 20 MUG L(-)(1) DU, AND WERE EVEN MORE PRONOUNCED IN THE BRAIN, GONADS, AND EYES AFTER 24 DAYS. HOWEVER, IN FEMALES, HYPOMETHYLATION WAS ONLY OBSERVED IN THE GONADS AFTER EXPOSURE TO 20 MUG L(-)(1) DU FOR 24 DAYS. SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF DU WERE ALSO APPARENT AT THE WHOLE-GENOME LEVEL, BECAUSE IN MALES, EXPOSURE TO 20 MUG L(-)(1) DU FOR 24 DAYS RESULTED IN CYTOSINE HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE BRAIN AND EYES AND HYPOMETHYLATION IN THE GONADS. IN CONTRAST, IN FEMALES, HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN THE BRAIN AFTER EXPOSURE TO BOTH CONCENTRATIONS OF DU FOR 7 DAYS. BASED ON OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF URANIUM TOXICITY, SEVERAL HYPOTHESES ARE PROPOSED TO EXPLAIN THESE FINDINGS, INCLUDING THE INVOLVEMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, ALTERATION OF DEMETHYLATION ENZYMES AND THE CALCIUM SIGNALING PATHWAY. THIS STUDY REPORTS, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE SEX- AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN A NONHUMAN ORGANISM AFTER EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS OF URANIUM, WHICH COULD INDUCE TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC EFFECTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  4068 23 MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), A CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERANDROGENISM, IS SUGGESTED TO INCREASE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. BECAUSE PCOS IS CLOSELY LINKED TO OBESITY, WE INVESTIGATED THE IMPACT OF AN ADVERSE HORMONAL OR METABOLIC MATERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND OFFSPRING OBESITY ON ANXIETY IN THE OFFSPRING. THE OBESE PCOS PHENOTYPE WAS INDUCED BY CHRONIC HIGH-FAT-HIGH-SUCROSE (HFHS) CONSUMPTION TOGETHER WITH PRENATAL DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE EXPOSURE IN MOUSE DAMS. ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS ASSESSED IN ADULT OFFSPRING WITH THE ELEVATED-PLUS MAZE AND OPEN-FIELD TESTS. THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING DIET ON GENES IMPLICATED IN ANXIETY WERE ANALYZED IN THE AMYGDALA AND HYPOTHALAMUS WITH REAL-TIME PCR ( N = 47). INDEPENDENT OF DIET, FEMALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO MATERNAL ANDROGENS WERE MORE ANXIOUS AND DISPLAYED UP-REGULATION OF ADRENOCEPTOR ALPHA 1B IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ( CRH). BY CONTRAST, MALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO A HFHS MATERNAL DIET HAD INCREASED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND SHOWED UP-REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CRH. OVERALL, THERE WERE SUBSTANTIAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO HOW MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND OBESITY EXERT SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE OFFSPRING OF A PCOS MOUSE MODEL.-MANTI, M., FORNES, R., QI, X., FOLMERZ, E., LINDEN HIRSCHBERG, A., DE CASTRO BARBOSA, T., MALIQUEO, M., BENRICK, A., STENER-VICTORIN, E. MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  5198 19 PRENATAL HIGH ESTRADIOL EXPOSURE INDUCES SEX-SPECIFIC AND DIETARILY REVERSIBLE INSULIN RESISTANCE THROUGH DECREASED HYPOTHALAMIC INSR. AN ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT MAY INDUCE ADULT DISEASE IN OFFSPRING, BUT THE MECHANISMS ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. IT IS REPORTED THAT FRESH EMBRYO TRANSFER (ET) IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO HIGH MATERNAL ESTRADIOL (E2), AND PRENATAL HIGH E2 EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF ORGAN DISORDERS IN LATER LIFE. WE FOUND THAT MALE NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN OF FRESH ET SHOWED ELEVATED FASTING INSULIN AND HOMEOSTASIS MODEL OF ASSESSMENT FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE INDEX (HOMA-IR) SCORES. MALE MICE WITH HIGH PRENATAL ESTRADIOL EXPOSURE (HE) GREW HEAVIER THAN CONTROL MICE AND DEVELOPED INSULIN RESISTANCE; THEY ALSO SHOWED INCREASED FOOD INTAKE, WITH INCREASED OREXIGENIC HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) EXPRESSION. THE HYPOTHALAMIC INSULIN RECEPTOR (INSR) WAS DECREASED IN MALE HE MICE, ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED PROMOTER METHYLATION. CHRONIC FOOD RESTRICTION (FR) IN HE MICE REVERSED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND RESCUED HYPOTHALAMIC INSR EXPRESSION BY CORRECTING THE ELEVATED INSR PROMOTER METHYLATION. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO HIGH E2 MAY INDUCE SEX-SPECIFIC METABOLIC DISORDERS IN LATER LIFE THROUGH EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF HYPOTHALAMIC INSR PROMOTER, AND DIETARY INTERVENTION MAY REVERSE INSULIN RESISTANCE BY REMODELING ITS METHYLATION PATTERN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  6545 19 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE INVOLVED IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED FEMALE RATS. DISTURBANCES IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD ARE LINKED TO METABOLIC DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD, IMPLYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS OF APPETITE AND ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE (HFS) DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED (PNS) FEMALE ADULT RATS, WISTAR DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC-MILD-STRESS DURING THE THIRD WEEK OF GESTATION AND WERE THEN COMPARED WITH UNSTRESSED CONTROLS. ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE FED A CHOW OR HFS DIET FOR 10 WEEKS. CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY AS WELL AS EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION LEVELS OF SELECTED HYPOTHALAMIC GENES WERE ANALYZED. PNS INDUCED LOWER BIRTHWEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH WITH NO CHANGES IN BODY FAT MASS. AFTER THE HFS DIET, THE EXPECTED OVERWEIGHT MODEL WAS OBSERVED ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH WAS WORSENED BY PNS. THE STRESS MODEL INDUCED HIGHER ENERGY INTAKE IN ADULTHOOD. HYPOTHALAMIC GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE HFS DIET DECREASED SLC6A3 (DOPAMINE ACTIVE TRANSPORTER), NPY (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) AND IR (INSULIN RECEPTOR) AND INCREASED POMC (PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN). HYPOTHALAMIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLC6A3 REVEALED THAT SLC6A3 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED BY THE HFS DIET IN CPG SITE -53 BP TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE. HFS DIET ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE -167 BP OF THE POMC PROMOTER ONLY IN NONSTRESSED ANIMALS. NO CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. THESE RESULTS IMPLY THAT EARLY-LIFE STRESS IN FEMALES INCREASED PREDISPOSITION TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  4944 21 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  5107 19 POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A BRAIN DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY EATING PROBLEMS ORIGINATING DURING PUBERTY AND ADOLESCENCE. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS AN ENDOCRINE CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH REPRODUCTIVE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, AND WITH OBESITY. EATING DISORDERS, SUCH AS BULIMIA AND RECURRENT DIETING, ARE ALSO LINKED TO PCOS. THEY CAN LEAD TO THE EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL (HPG) AXIS, THEREBY IMPACTING ON OVARIAN FOLLICULOGENESIS. WE POSTULATE THAT PCOS IS INDUCED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND EPISODES OF OVEREATING AND/OR DIETING DURING PUBERTY AND ADOLESCENCE, WHEN BODY DISSATISFACTION AND EMOTIONAL DISTRESS ARE OFTEN PRESENT. WE PROPOSE THAT UPREGULATED ACTIVATION OF THE CENTRAL HPG AXIS DURING THIS PERIOD CAN BE EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS AND BY BULIMIA/RECURRENT DIETING, WHICH ARE COMMON DURING ADOLESCENCE AND WHICH CAN LEAD TO PCOS. THIS HYPOTHESIS IS BASED ON EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING A LARGELY NEGLECTED STAGE OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT. TO DATE, MOST RESEARCH INTO THE ORIGINS OF PCOS HAS FOCUSED ON THE PRENATAL INDUCTION OF THIS DISORDER, PARTICULARLY IN UTERO ANDROGENIZATION AND THE ROLE OF ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. ESTABLISHING CAUSALITY IN OUR PERIPUBERTAL MODEL REQUIRES PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDIES FROM INFANCY. MECHANISTIC STUDIES SHOULD CONSIDER THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN ADDITION TO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF (NEURO) HORMONES. FINALLY, CLINICIANS SHOULD CONSIDER THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERLYING CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND EATING DISORDERS IN PCOS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  3750 21 INSULIN RESISTANCE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME ACROSS VARIOUS TISSUES: AN UPDATED REVIEW OF PATHOGENESIS, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC OVULATION DYSFUNCTION AND OVERABUNDANCE OF ANDROGENS; IT AFFECTS 6-20% OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE. PCOS INVOLVES VARIOUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND AFFECTED WOMEN USUALLY HAVE SIGNIFICANT INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), WHICH IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF PCOS. IR AND COMPENSATORY HYPERINSULINAEMIA HAVE DIFFERING PATHOGENESES IN VARIOUS TISSUES, AND IR VARIES AMONG DIFFERENT PCOS PHENOTYPES. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, HYPERANDROGENAEMIA, AND OBESITY AGGRAVATE IR. INSULIN SENSITIZATION DRUGS ARE A NEW TREATMENT MODALITY FOR PCOS. WE SEARCHED PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, ELSEVIER, AND UPTODATE DATABASES IN THIS REVIEW, AND FOCUSED ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IR IN WOMEN WITH PCOS AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IR IN VARIOUS TISSUES. IN ADDITION, THE REVIEW PROVIDES A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT PROGRESS IN THE EFFICACY OF INSULIN SENSITIZATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PCOS, PROVIDING THE LATEST EVIDENCE FOR THE CLINICAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH PCOS AND IR.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  5104 18 POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME. WOMEN WITH PCOS PRESENT WITH SIGNS OF CHRONIC ANOVULATION, HYPERANDROGENISM, AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES. THE NIH RECENTLY EMBRACED THE ROTTERDAM CRITERIA TO BROADLY IDENTIFY ALL THE PHENOTYPES OF PCOS. WOMEN WITH PCOS ARE OFTEN OBESE WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AND HENCE HAVE AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD FOCUS ON THE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF PCOS TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES TO ADDRESS THE PREVENTION OF THIS DISORDER AND ITS LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  4945 14 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY ETHANOL DRINKING ALTERS BEHAVIOR AND ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX ETIOLOGY. RECENT PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (ETOH) EXPOSURE VIA VAPORIZED ETOH ALTERED DRINKING BEHAVIORS AND SENSITIVITY TO ETOH SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE USED A VOLUNTARY ORAL ROUTE OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETOH EXPOSURE, I.E., INTERMITTENT EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING, AND TESTED OFFSPRING FOR BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS. FIFTEEN ETOH DRINKING SIRES AND 10 CONTROL SIRES WERE MATED TO ETOH NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETOH-SIRED AND CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. THESE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED USING THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, OPEN FIELD, DRINKING IN THE DARK, AND UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE ASSAYS. WE FOUND THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING RESULTED IN REDUCED ETOH CONSUMPTION SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING IN THE DRINKING IN THE DARK ASSAY COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. NO DIFFERENCES WERE DETECTED IN EITHER SEX IN THE UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ASSAYS. OPEN FIELD ANALYSIS REVEALED COMPLEX CHANGES IN BASAL BEHAVIOR AND ETOH-INDUCED BEHAVIORS THAT WERE SEX SPECIFIC. WE CONCLUDED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION HAS PERSISTENT EFFECTS THAT IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION. THIS STUDY ADDS TO A GROWING APPRECIATION THAT ONE'S BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO ETOH AND ETOH DRINKING BEHAVIOR ARE IMPACTED BY ETOH EXPOSURE OF THE PRIOR GENERATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16  4892 17 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: OXIDATIVE STRESS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. IN BRIEF: A GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATION EXISTS BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS (OS) AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), EXPRESSED IN A MULTIFACETED CLINICAL PROFILE. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES AND DISCUSSES THE ROLE OF OS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PCOS SYNDROME, FOCUSING ON METABOLIC, REPRODUCTIVE, AND CANCER COMPLICATIONS. ABSTRACT: OXIDATIVE STRESS (OS), AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN CELLS, IS ONE OF MANY FACTORS PLAYING ESSENTIAL ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS). PCOS IS DESCRIBED MAINLY AS A DISPROPORTION OF REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES, LEADING TO CHRONIC ANOVULATION AND INFERTILITY IN WOMEN. INTERESTINGLY, OS IN PCOS MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY DISORDERS AND DISEASES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON CHARACTERISTIC MARKERS OF OS IN PCOS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OS AND PCOS RELATED TO INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), HYPERANDROGENEMIA, OBESITY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, AND CANCER. INTERESTINGLY, IN PATIENTS WITH PCOS, AN INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STATUS AND INSUFFICIENT COMPENSATION OF THE INCREASE IN ANTIOXIDANT STATUS BEFORE ANY CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS ARE OBSERVED. MOREOVER, FREE RADICALS PROMOTE CARCINOGENESIS IN PCOS PATIENTS. HOWEVER, DESPITE THESE DATA, IT HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED WHETHER OXYGEN STRESS INFLUENCES PCOS DEVELOPMENT OR A SECONDARY DISORDER RESULTING FROM HYPERGLYCEMIA, IR, AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND CANCER COMPLICATIONS IN WOMEN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  1096 16 COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL-TREATED MICE IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART ANXIETY-LIKE AND ETHANOL-INDUCED BEHAVIORS TO ADULT PROGENY. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN MICE IMPARTS ADULT MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL DRINKING PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND ATTENUATED STRESS RESPONSIVITY. THAT SAME CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE PARADIGM WAS LATER REVEALED TO AFFECT THE SPERM EPIGENOME BY ALTERING THE ABUNDANCE OF SEVERAL SMALL NONCODING RNAS, A MECHANISM THAT MEDIATES THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF NUMEROUS PATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT THE UNIQUE RNA SIGNATURE OF SPERM IS SHAPED DURING MATURATION IN THE EPIDIDYMIS VIA EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS), FORMAL DEMONSTRATION THAT EVS MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS IS LACKING. THEREFORE, IN THE CURRENT STUDY WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS ARE SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, SPERM FROM ETHANOL-NAIVE DONORS WERE INCUBATED WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL (ETHANOL EV-DONOR) OR CONTROL-TREATED (CONTROL EV-DONOR) MICE PRIOR TO IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) AND EMBRYO TRANSFER. PROGENY WERE EXAMINED FOR ETHANOL- AND STRESS-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN ADULTHOOD. ETHANOL EV-DONORS IMPARTED REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AT WEANING AND IMPARTED MODESTLY INCREASED LIMITED ACCESS ETHANOL INTAKE TO MALE OFFSPRING. ETHANOL-EV DONORS ALSO IMPARTED INCREASED BASAL ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO ETHANOL-INDUCED ANXIOLYSIS TO FEMALE OFFSPRING. ALTHOUGH ETHANOL EV-DONOR TREATMENT DID NOT RECAPITULATE THE ETHANOL- OR STRESS-RELATED INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ETHANOL FOLLOWING NATURAL MATING, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL THROUGH THE MALE GERMLINE. THIS MECHANISM MAY GENERALIZE TO THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF A WIDE VARIETY OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS.	2020	
                                                                                   
18  3085 17 GENOME-WIDE SCREEN OF OVARY-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. OBJECTIVE: TO COMPARE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN OVARY TISSUE FROM WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. DESIGN: CASE-CONTROL STUDY MATCHED FOR AGE AND BODY MASS INDEX. SETTING: UNIVERSITY-AFFILIATED HOSPITAL. PATIENT(S): TEN WOMEN WITH PCOS WHO UNDERWENT OVARIAN DRILLING TO INDUCE OVULATION AND 10 HEALTHY WOMEN WHO WERE UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION, HYSTERECTOMY FOR BENIGN CONDITIONS, DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY FOR PELVIC PAIN, OR OOPHORECTOMY FOR NONOVARIAN INDICATIONS. INTERVENTION(S): NONE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS DETERMINED BY IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND MICROARRAY (MEDIP-CHIP) ANALYSIS. RESULT(S): THE METHYLATION LEVELS WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN CPG ISLAND SHORES (CGI SHORES), WHICH LIE OUTSIDE OF CORE PROMOTER REGIONS, AND LOWER WITHIN GENE BODIES IN WOMEN WITH PCOS RELATIVE TO THE CONTROLS. IN ADDITION, HIGH CPG CONTENT PROMOTERS WERE THE MOST FREQUENTLY HYPERMETHYLATED PROMOTERS IN PCOS OVARIES BUT WERE MORE OFTEN HYPOMETHYLATED IN CONTROLS. SECOND, 872 CGIS, SPECIFICALLY METHYLATED IN PCOS, REPRESENTED 342 GENES THAT COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING PROTEIN BINDING, HORMONE ACTIVITY, AND TRANSCRIPTION REGULATOR ACTIVITY. FINALLY, METHYLATION DIFFERENCES WERE VALIDATED IN SEVEN GENES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. THESE GENES CORRELATED TO SEVERAL FUNCTIONAL FAMILIES RELATED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PCOS AND MAY BE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DISEASE. CONCLUSION(S): OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION DIFFERS BETWEEN PCOS AND NORMAL OVARIES, WHICH MAY HELP TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
19  4608 16 NEONATAL ANESTHESIA AND DYSREGULATION OF THE EPIGENOMEDAGGER. EACH YEAR, MILLIONS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN ARE ANESTHETIZED FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES. YET, A SUBSTANTIAL BODY OF PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT ANESTHETICS ARE NEUROTOXINS THAT CAUSE RAPID AND WIDESPREAD APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN THE BRAINS OF INFANT RODENTS AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES. THESE ANIMALS HAVE PERSISTENT IMPAIRMENTS IN COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR MANY WEEKS OR MONTHS AFTER ANESTHESIA EXPOSURE, LEADING US TO HYPOTHESIZE THAT ANESTHETICS DO MORE THAN SIMPLY KILL BRAIN CELLS. INDEED, ANESTHETICS CAUSE CHRONIC NEUROPATHOLOGY IN NEURONS THAT SURVIVE THE INSULT, WHICH THEN INTERFERES WITH MAJOR ASPECTS OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, AND NEURONAL FUNCTION. UNDERSTANDING THE PHENOMENON OF ANESTHESIA-INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY IS OF CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE BECAUSE CLINICAL STUDIES NOW REPORT THAT ANESTHESIA IN HUMAN INFANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS. IN OUR SEARCH FOR MECHANISTIC EXPLANATIONS FOR WHY A YOUNG AND PLIABLE BRAIN CANNOT FULLY RECOVER FROM A RELATIVELY BRIEF PERIOD OF ANESTHESIA, WE HAVE ACCUMULATED EVIDENCE THAT NEONATAL ANESTHESIA CAN DYSREGULATE EPIGENETIC TAGS THAT INFLUENCE GENE TRANSCRIPTION SUCH AS HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE BRIEFLY SUMMARIZE THE PHENOMENON OF ANESTHESIA-INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY. WE THEN DISCUSS CHRONIC NEUROPATHOLOGY CAUSED BY NEONATAL ANESTHESIA, INCLUDING DISTURBANCES IN COGNITION, SOCIO-AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR, NEURONAL MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. FINALLY, WE PRESENT EVIDENCE OF ANESTHESIA-INDUCED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION WITHIN THE DEVELOPING BRAIN THAT MAY BE TRANSMITTED INTERGENERATIONALLY TO ANESTHESIA-NAIVE OFFSPRING.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20    73 17 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014