1  4703 85 NIK AS A DRUGGABLE MEDIATOR OF TISSUE INJURY. NF-KAPPAB-INDUCING KINASE (NIK, MAP3K14) IS BEST KNOWN AS THE APICAL KINASE THAT TRIGGERS NON-CANONICAL NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND BY ITS ROLE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. RECENT DATA INDICATE A ROLE FOR NIK EXPRESSED BY NON-LYMPHOID CELLS IN CANCER, KIDNEY DISEASE, LIVER INJURY, GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, OSTEOSARCOPENIA, VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, HEMATOPOIESIS, AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION. THE SPECTRUM OF NIK-ASSOCIATED DISEASE NOW RANGES FROM IMMUNODEFICIENCY (WHEN NIK IS DEFECTIVE) TO AUTOIMMUNITY, CANCER, STERILE INFLAMMATION, FIBROSIS, AND METABOLIC DISEASE WHEN NIK IS OVERACTIVE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SMALL-MOLECULE NIK INHIBITORS HAS PAVED THE WAY TO TEST NIK TARGETING TO TREAT DISEASE IN VIVO, AND MAY EVENTUALLY LEAD TO NIK TARGETING IN THE CLINIC. IN ADDITION, NIK ACTIVATORS ARE BEING EXPLORED FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS SUCH AS MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
2  3727 21 INHIBITION OF PANCREATIC ACINAR MITOCHONDRIAL THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE UPTAKE BY THE CIGARETTE SMOKE COMPONENT 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE. THIAMIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL METABOLISM IN PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PAC) AND IS OBTAINED FROM THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT THROUGH SPECIFIC PLASMA-MEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS, CONVERTED TO THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE (TPP) IN THE CYTOPLASM, FOLLOWED BY UPTAKE OF TPP BY MITOCHONDRIA THROUGH THE MITOCHONDRIAL TPP (MTPP) TRANSPORTER (MTPPT; PRODUCT OF SLC25A19 GENE). TPP IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM/CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF PAC IN VITRO (PANCREATIC ACINAR 266-6 CELLS) AND IN VIVO (WILD-TYPE OR TRANSGENIC MICE CARRYING THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER) OF THE CIGARETTE SMOKE TOXIN, 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE (NNK), ON THE MTPP UPTAKE PROCESS. OUR IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT NNK NEGATIVELY AFFECTS MTPP UPTAKE AND REDUCED EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MTPPT MRNA, AND HETEROGENOUS NUCLEAR RNA, AS WELL AS SLC25A19 PROMOTER ACTIVITY. THE EFFECT OF NNK ON SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION WAS NEITHER MEDIATED BY CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR NFY-1 (KNOWN TO DRIVE SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION), NOR DUE TO CHANGES IN METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER. RATHER, IT APPEARS TO BE DUE TO CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS THAT INVOLVE SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN HISTONE H3K4-TRIMETHYLATION AND H3K9-ACETYLATION (ACTIVATION MARKERS). THE EFFECT OF NNK ON MTPPT FUNCTION IS MEDIATED THROUGH THE NONNEURONAL ALPHA7-NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (ALPHA7-NACHR), AS INDICATED BY BOTH IN VITRO (USING THE NACHR ANTAGONIST MECAMYLAMINE) AND IN VIVO (USING AN ALPHA7-NACHR(-/-) MOUSE MODEL) STUDIES. THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF PAC TO NNK NEGATIVELY IMPACTS PAC MTPP UPTAKE. THIS EFFECT APPEARS TO BE EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION, INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S), AND IS MEDIATED THROUGH THE ALPHA7-NACHR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3   871 19 CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE AFFECTS PANCREATIC ACINAR MITOCHONDRIAL THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE UPTAKE: STUDIES WITH MOUSE 266-6 CELL LINE AND PRIMARY CELLS. THIAMIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF ALL MAMMALIAN CELLS, INCLUDING THOSE OF THE PANCREAS. CELLS OBTAIN THIAMIN FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS AND ENZYMATICALLY CONVERT IT INTO THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE (TPP) IN THE CYTOPLASM; TPP IS THEN TAKEN UP BY MITOCHONDRIA VIA A SPECIFIC CARRIER THE MITOCHONDRIAL TPP TRANSPORTER (MTPPT; PRODUCT OF THE SLC25A19 GENE). CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY IMPACTS THE HEALTH OF PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PAC), BUT ITS EFFECT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL/MOLECULAR PARAMETERS OF MTPPT IS NOT KNOWN. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE USING MOUSE PANCREATIC ACINAR TUMOR CELL LINE 266-6 AND PRIMARY PAC OF WILD-TYPE AND TRANSGENIC MICE CARRYING THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER THAT WERE FED ALCOHOL CHRONICALLY. CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE OF 266-6 CELLS (BUT NOT TO ITS NONOXIDATIVE METABOLITES ETHYL PALMITATE AND ETHYL OLEATE) LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN MITOCHONDRIAL TPP UPTAKE, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MRNA, AND ACTIVITY OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER. SIMILARLY, CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF MICE LED TO A SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION IN EXPRESSION OF MTPPT PROTEIN, MRNA, HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RNA, AS WELL AS IN ACTIVITY OF SLC25A19 PROMOTER IN PAC. WHILE CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE DID NOT AFFECT DNA METHYLATION OF THE SLC25A19 PROMOTER, A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN HISTONE H3 EUCHROMATIN MARKERS AND AN INCREASE IN H3 HETEROCHROMATIN MARKER WERE OBSERVED. THESE FINDINGS SHOW, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY IMPACTS PANCREATIC MTPPT, AND THAT THIS EFFECT IS EXERTED, AT LEAST IN PART, AT THE LEVEL OF SLC25A19 TRANSCRIPTION AND APPEARS TO INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S).	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  3163 21 GREEN TEA CATECHIN EXTRACT IN INTERVENTION OF CHRONIC BREAST CELL CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS. SPORADIC BREAST CANCERS ARE MAINLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, VIA A MULTI-YEAR, MULTI-STEP, AND MULTI-PATH PROCESS OF TUMORIGENESIS INVOLVING CUMULATIVE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN THE CHRONIC CARCINOGENESIS OF BREAST CELLS FROM A NON-CANCEROUS STAGE TO PRECANCEROUS AND CANCEROUS STAGES. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT GREEN TEA COMPONENTS MAY BE USED AS PREVENTIVE AGENTS FOR BREAST CANCER CONTROL. IN OUR RESEARCH, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A CELLULAR MODEL THAT MIMICS BREAST CELL CARCINOGENESIS CHRONICALLY INDUCED BY CUMULATIVE EXPOSURES TO LOW DOSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED OUR CHRONIC CARCINOGENESIS MODEL AS A TARGET SYSTEM TO INVESTIGATE THE ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA CATECHIN EXTRACT (GTC) AT NON-CYTOTOXIC LEVELS IN INTERVENTION OF CELLULAR CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY CUMULATIVE EXPOSURES TO PICO-MOLAR 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE (NNK) AND BENZO[A]PYRENE (B[A]P). WE IDENTIFIED THAT GTC, AT A NON-CYTOTOXIC, PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACHIEVABLE CONCENTRATION OF 2.5 MICROG/ML, WAS EFFECTIVE IN SUPPRESSING NNK- AND B[A]P-INDUCED CELLULAR CARCINOGENESIS, AS MEASURED BY REDUCTION OF THE ACQUIRED CANCER-ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES OF REDUCED DEPENDENCE ON GROWTH FACTORS, ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH, INCREASED CELL MOBILITY, AND ACINAR-CONFORMATIONAL DISRUPTION. WE ALSO DETECTED THAT INTERVENTION OF CARCINOGEN-INDUCED ELEVATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), INCREASE OF CELL PROLIFERATION, ACTIVATION OF THE ERK PATHWAY, DNA DAMAGE, AND CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION MAY ACCOUNT FOR THE MECHANISMS OF GTC'S PREVENTIVE ACTIVITY. THUS, GTC MAY BE USED IN DIETARY AND CHEMOPREVENTION OF BREAST CELL CARCINOGENESIS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  5418 25 REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES ON NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3 PATHWAY GENES AND TET ACTIVITY IN CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-CHALLENGED CELLS/COPD EXACERBATION MODEL IN VITRO. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM. CURRENTLY, THERE IS A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PATHOBIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE AND AVAILABLE THERAPIES ARE INEFFECTIVE. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF COPD; HOWEVER, NOT ALL SMOKERS DEVELOP COPD. EXACERBATIONS OF COPD CAUSED BY MICROBES ARE COMMON AND DETRIMENTAL. APPROXIMATELY 20-50% OF PATIENT EXACERBATIONS ARE CAUSED BY BACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN THE LOWER AIRWAYS. IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ESPECIALLY DNA METHYLATION, PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE DURING PROGRESSION OF COPD. THUS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS VARY SIGNIFICANTLY FOLLOWING SMOKE EXPOSURE AND DURING EXACERBATIONS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS, WE USED AN IN VITRO STUDY MODEL THAT MIMICS COPD EXACERBATIONS AND PERFORMED EXTENSIVE STUDIES TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF CPG PROMOTER METHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3-MEDIATED PATHWAY GENES. BOTH NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN ORCHESTRATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES DURING CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE. IN BRIEF, HUMAN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS WITH TYPE II ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM CHARACTERISTICS (A549) WERE CHALLENGED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR DMSO (CONTROL) FOLLOWED BY A 3-H CHALLENGE WITH BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS; FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA) PRIOR TO THE TERMINATION OF CSE EXPOSURE (COPD EXACERBATION GROUP). THE PRODUCTION OF CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES, REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, AND DNA METHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES WERE THEN ASSESSED. WE ALSO STUDIED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCASES (TETS), THE ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE FOR DNA DEMETHYLATION, AND ASSESSED THEIR ROLE IN REGULATING DNA METHYLATION IN THE CSE-CHALLENGED GROUP. RESULTS: THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE RELEASE OF CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES (IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6 AND CCL5) IN THE COPD EXACERBATION GROUP AS COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP. HYPOMETHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED PATHWAY GENES CORRELATED WITH THEIR INDUCTION IN OUR COPD EXACERBATION STUDY MODEL. FURTHER, WE OBSERVED AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF TET1/2 IN REGULATING THE DNA METHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB, STAT3, IKK, AND NIK GENES AND CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION BY A549 CELLS DURING CSE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSIONS: STUDIES TO FURTHER DEFINE THE ROLE OF TETS IN CSE-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER AND MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR COPD.	2020	

6  6666 19 UPTAKE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS IS NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID, AA) IS INDISPENSABLE FOR NORMAL METABOLISM OF ALL MAMMALIAN CELLS INCLUDING PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS (PACS). PACS OBTAIN AA FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS VIA TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE NEGATIVELY AFFECTS BODY AA HOMEOSTASIS; IT ALSO INHIBITS UPTAKE OF OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS INTO PACS, BUT ITS EFFECT ON AA UPTAKE IS NOT CLEAR. WE EXAMINED THIS ISSUE USING BOTH IN VITRO (266-6 CELLS) AND IN VIVO (MICE) MODELS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. FIRST, WE DETERMINED THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF THE AA TRANSPORTERS 1 AND 2 [I.E., SODIUM-DEPENDENT VITAMIN C TRANSPORTER-1 (SVCT-1) AND SVCT-2] IN MOUSE AND HUMAN PACS AND FOUND SVCT-2 TO BE THE PREDOMINANT TRANSPORTER. CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF 266-6 CELLS TO ALCOHOL SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED AA UPTAKE AND CAUSED A MARKED REDUCTION IN SVCT-2 EXPRESSION AT THE PROTEIN, MRNA, AND HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RNA (HNRNA) LEVELS. SIMILARLY, CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING OF MICE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED AA UPTAKE AND CAUSED A MARKED REDUCTION IN LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF THE SVCT-2 PROTEIN, MRNA, AND HNRNA. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISM(S) IN MEDIATING CHRONIC ALCOHOL EFFECT ON AA UPTAKE BY PACS. WE ALSO OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC CHANGES (HISTONE MODIFICATIONS) IN THE SLC23A2 GENE (REDUCTION IN H3K4ME3 LEVEL AND AN INCREASE IN H3K27ME3 LEVEL) IN THE ALCOHOL-EXPOSED 266-6 CELLS. THESE FINDINGS SHOW THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INHIBITS PAC AA UPTAKE AND THAT THE EFFECT IS MEDIATED, IN PART, AT THE LEVEL OF TRANSCRIPTION OF THE SLC23A2 GENE AND MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S).	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7  1941 20 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF TOBACCO SMOKING AND HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN PANCREATIC CANCER. TOBACCO SMOKING REPRESENTS AN IMPORTANT KNOWN CAUSE OF DUCTAL PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA. RECENT DATA FROM POOLED ANALYSES IN CONSORTIA INVOLVING MULTIPLE CASE-CONTROL AND COHORT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT HEAVY (BUT NOT MODERATE OR LIGHT) ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ALSO MAY INCREASE PANCREATIC CANCER RISK. ANIMAL AND HUMAN EVIDENCE INDICATE THAT TOBACCO CARCINOGENS AND METABOLITES MAY ACT IN CONCERT AND HAVE BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AT EARLY AND LATER STAGES IN PANCREATIC TUMORIGENESIS. ONE OF THE MORE IMPORTANT TOBACCO-RELATED CARCINOGENS, NNK, PROBABLY ACTS VIA MULTIPLE PATHWAYS. HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MAY INCREASE PANCREATIC CANCER RISK BY POTENTIATING THE EFFECTS OF OTHER RISK FACTORS SUCH AS TOBACCO SMOKING, POOR NUTRITION, AND INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS RELATED TO CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, BUT ALSO MAY HAVE INDEPENDENT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. ANIMAL AND HUMAN STUDIES OF TOBACCO- AND ALCOHOL-RELATED PANCREATIC CARCINOGENESIS SUGGEST MULTI-MODAL, OVERLAPPING MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS. TOBACCO SMOKING AND HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ARE PREVENTABLE EXPOSURES, AND THEIR AVOIDANCE WOULD SUBSTANTIALLY DECREASE THE BURDEN OF PANCREATIC CANCER WORLDWIDE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  5868 19 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  6085 18 THE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IS POSTULATED TO BE INVOLVED IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). ACARBOSE, THE ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR, IS AN ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG FOR T2DM. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH T2DM, THOUGH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF ACARBOSE IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. METHODS: THP-1 CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH ACARBOSE AND THEN STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE LEVELS OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES, INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10 (IP-10), MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (MDC), AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WERE DETERMINED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE EXPLORED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED THE LEVELS OF IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA AND DOWNREGULATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF P38, C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B-P65 (NF-KAPPAB-P65) IN LPS-STIMULATED THP-1 CELLS. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 (H3) AND H4 IN THE IP-10 AND MCP-1 PROMOTER REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS REVEALED THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA PRODUCTION IN THP-1 CELLS VIA, AT LEAST PARTIALLY, THE P38, JNK, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB-P65 PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION VIA HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY POINTS TO THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ACARBOSE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10  6518 21 TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS-INDUCED CXCL10 PRODUCTION BY CIGARETTE SMOKE. HUMAN RHINOVIRUS (HRV) TRIGGERS EXACERBATIONS OF ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE PRIMARY RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, AND 25% OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ASTHMA SMOKE. SMOKERS EXPERIENCE BOTH LONGER AND MORE SEVERE COLDS. WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF A RANGE OF EPITHELIAL ANTIVIRAL MOLECULES. HERE, WE USE CXCL10 AS A MODEL ANTIVIRAL GENE TO EXAMINE THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH CSE INHIBITS EPITHELIAL ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY. HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 TRANSCRIPTION DEPENDS ON ACTIVATION OF NF-KB AND IFN-REGULATORY FACTOR-1 (IRF-1), AND WE NOW ALSO IMPLICATE TWO SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (STAT) CONSENSUS SEQUENCES IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER IN HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 EXPRESSION. CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED ACTIVATION AND NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION/BINDING OF BOTH NF-KB, AND IRF-1 TO THEIR RESPECTIVE RECOGNITION SEQUENCES IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER. HRV ALSO INDUCED FORMATION OF COMPLEXES AT THE STAT REGION IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER, AND HRV-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF STAT-1 WAS INHIBITED BY CSE. IN ADDITION, CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AROUND THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITE OF THE CXCL10 PROMOTER. ALTHOUGH CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF BOTH THE VIRAL DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA SENSORS, RETINOIC ACID-INDUCIBLE GENE-I AND MELANOMA DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED GENE (MDA) 5, ONLY SPECIFIC SHORT INTERFERING RNA (SIRNA) TO MDA5, BUT NOT NONTARGETING SIRNA, OR SIRNA TO RETINOIC ACID-INDUCIBLE GENE-I, INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 INDUCTION. WE CONCLUDE THAT CSE REDUCES CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AND INHIBITS VIRAL SIGNALING VIA NF-KB, IRF-1, STAT-1, AND MDA5. THUS, WE SHOW THAT CSE CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY MODULATE MULTIPLE PATHWAYS LINKED TO INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HRV INFECTION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11   428 16 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MIODESIN: MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND EPIGENETIC EVIDENCE. PURPOSE: TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF A COMBINED HERBAL MEDICINE MIODESIN ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF KEY CELLS INVOLVED IN THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AS WELL AS THE POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC INVOLVEMENT. METHODS: AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IC(50) DOSE, THE CHONDROCYTE, KERATINOCYTE, AND MACROPHAGE CELL LINES WERE PRETREATED FOR 2 HOURS WITH MIODESIN (200 MUG/ML) AND STIMULATED WITH LPS (1 MUG/ML) FOR 24 HOURS. THE SUPERNATANT WAS USED TO MEASURE THE LEVELS OF CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF-ALPHA) AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5), AND THE CELLS WERE USED TO EXTRACT THE MRNA FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (NF-KAPPABETA), INFLAMMATORY ENZYMES (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, AND INOS), AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5). RESULTS: MIODESIN INHIBITED THE RELEASE OF LPS-INDUCED CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF-ALPHA; P < 0.01) AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5; P < 0.01) AND THE EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (NF-KAPPABETA; P < 0.01), INFLAMMATORY ENZYMES (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, INOS; P < 0.01), AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5; P < 0.01). IN ADDITION, THE EVALUATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REVEALED THAT MIODESIN DID NOT INDUCE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, ASSURING THE GENETIC SAFENESS OF THE COMPOUND IN TERMS OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. CONCLUSIONS: MIODESIN PRESENTS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES, INHIBITING HYPERACTIVATION OF CHONDROCYTES, KERATINOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES, INVOLVING EPIGENETICS IN SUCH EFFECTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12  5227 17 PRMT6 MEDIATES INFLAMMATION VIA ACTIVATION OF THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY ON A CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL. INTRODUCTION: SMOKE-DRIVEN LUNG INFLAMMATION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISM OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)/EMPHYSEMA. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 6 (PRMT6) IS A KEY EPIGENETIC ENZYME, WHICH IS RELATED TO PROTECTING THE TRI-METHYLATION OF H3K4 (H3K4ME3). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PTMT6 PROTECTS LUNG INFLAMMATION THROUGH THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. METHODS: MICE WERE INJECTED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR PBS TO ESTABLISH A MICE MODEL, INTRATRACHEALLY INSTILLED WITH OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 OR NEGATIVE CONTROL VECTOR. MORPHOMETRY OF LUNG SLIDES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE MEASURED. WE DETERMINED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF PRMT6 AND ITS RELATED HISTONE TARGETS, THE ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, THE LEVEL OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA). RESULTS: AFTER PRMT6 OVEREXPRESSION, THE MORPHOMETRY INDEXES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE IMPROVED. ALSO, THE EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME3 WAS DECREASED. OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SUPPRESS CSE-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATION GENES EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: THE OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SERVE AS AN INFLAMMATION INHIBITOR, POTENTIALLY THROUGH BLOCKING THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY IN THE MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  5479 15 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  6470 22 TLR7 AND TLR8 EXPRESSION INCREASES TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTES CHEMORESISTANCE IN HUMAN PANCREATIC CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR FOR PUTATIVE TUMORIGENESIS AND TUMOR PROGRESSION MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC ACTIVATION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR). RECENTLY, CARCINOGENESIS HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE DEPENDENT ON TLR7 SIGNALING. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE DETERMINED THE ROLE OF BOTH TLR7 AND TLR8 EXPRESSION AND SIGNALING IN TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND CHEMORESISTANCE IN PANCREATIC CANCER. EXPRESSION OF TLR7/TLR8 IN UICC STAGE I-IV PANCREATIC CANCER, CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, NORMAL PANCREATIC TISSUE AND HUMAN PANCREATIC (PANC1) CANCER CELL LINE WAS EXAMINED. FOR IN VITRO/IN VIVO STUDIES TLR7/TLR8 OVEREXPRESSING PANC1 CELL LINES WERE GENERATED AND ANALYZED FOR EFFECTS OF (UN-)STIMULATED TLR EXPRESSION ON TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND CHEMORESISTANCE. TLR EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN PANCREATIC CANCER, WITH STAGE-DEPENDENT UPREGULATION IN ADVANCED TUMORS, COMPARED TO EARLIER STAGES AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. STIMULATION OF TLR7/TLR8 OVEREXPRESSING PANC1 CELLS RESULTED IN ELEVATED NF-KAPPAB AND COX-2 EXPRESSION, INCREASED CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION AND REDUCED CHEMOSENSITIVITY. MORE IMPORTANTLY, TLR7/TLR8 EXPRESSION INCREASED TUMOR GROWTH IN VIVO. OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE A STAGE-DEPENDENT UPREGULATION OF BOTH TLR7 AND TLR8 EXPRESSION IN PANCREATIC CANCER. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN HUMAN PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS POINT TO A SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF BOTH TLRS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED TLR7/TLR8 SIGNALING LEADING TO TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND CHEMORESISTANCE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15   975 18 CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC INDUCES CARCINOGENIC GENE SIGNALING NETWORKS AND NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION IN HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS. CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE REMAINS A HUMAN HEALTH RISK; HOWEVER A CLEAR MODE OF ACTION TO UNDERSTAND GENE SIGNALING-DRIVEN ARSENIC CARCINOGENESIS IS CURRENTLY LACKING. THIS STUDY CHRONICALLY EXPOSED HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL BEAS-2B CELLS TO LOW-DOSE ARSENIC TRIOXIDE TO ELUCIDATE CANCER PROMOTING GENE SIGNALING NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC-TRANSFORMED (B-AS) CELLS. FOLLOWING A 6MONTH EXPOSURE, EXPOSED CELLS WERE ASSESSED FOR ENHANCED CELL PROLIFERATION, COLONY FORMATION, INVASION ABILITY AND IN VIVO TUMOR FORMATION COMPARED TO CONTROL CELL LINES. COLLECTED MRNA WAS SUBJECTED TO WHOLE GENOME EXPRESSION MICROARRAY PROFILING FOLLOWED BY IN SILICO INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) TO IDENTIFY LUNG CARCINOGENESIS MODES OF ACTION. B-AS CELLS DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN PROLIFERATION, COLONY FORMATION AND INVASION ABILITY COMPARED TO BEAS-2B CELLS. B-AS INJECTIONS INTO NUDE MICE RESULTED IN DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METASTATIC TUMORS. ARSENIC EXPOSURE RESULTED IN WIDESPREAD UP-REGULATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM AND INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PROTECTION SUGGESTING MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION. CARCINOGENIC INITIATION VIA REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS WAS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ALTERED DNA REPAIR, HISTONE, AND ROS-SENSITIVE SIGNALING. NF-KAPPAB, MAPK AND NCOR1 SIGNALING DISRUPTED PPARALPHA/DELTA-MEDIATED LIPID HOMEOSTASIS. A 'PRO-CANCER' GENE SIGNALING NETWORK IDENTIFIED INCREASED SURVIVAL, PROLIFERATION, INFLAMMATION, METABOLISM, ANTI-APOPTOSIS AND MOBILITY SIGNALING. IPA-RANKED SIGNALING NETWORKS IDENTIFIED ALTERED P21, EF1ALPHA, AKT, MAPK, AND NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING NETWORKS PROMOTING GENETIC DISORDER, ALTERED CELL CYCLE, CANCER AND CHANGES IN NUCLEIC ACID AND ENERGY METABOLISM. IN CONCLUSION, TRANSFORMED B-AS CELLS WITH THEIR WHOLE GENOME EXPRESSION PROFILE PROVIDE AN IN VITRO ARSENIC MODEL FOR FUTURE LUNG CANCER SIGNALING RESEARCH AND DATA FOR CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE RISK ASSESSMENT.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16  1035 22 CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITION IMPROVES PANCREATITIS OUTCOME BY LIMITING LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT AND ACINAR-TO-DUCTAL METAPLASIA. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: PANCREATITIS IS A COMMON INFLAMMATION OF THE PANCREAS WITH RISING INCIDENCE IN MANY COUNTRIES. DESPITE IMPROVEMENTS IN DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, THE DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK OF SEVERE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AND THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR NEW THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED WHETHER HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION, ARE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: WE ANALYSED HDAC REGULATION DURING CERULEIN-INDUCED ACUTE, CHRONIC AND AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS USING DIFFERENT TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS. THE FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF CLASS I HDACS WAS TESTED WITH THE SELECTIVE INHIBITOR MS-275 IN VIVO UPON PANCREATITIS INDUCTION AND IN VITRO IN ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES AND PRIMARY ACINAR CELL EXPLANTS. KEY RESULTS: HDAC EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY WERE UP-REGULATED IN A TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER FOLLOWING INDUCTION OF PANCREATITIS, WITH THE HIGHEST ABUNDANCE OBSERVED FOR CLASS I HDACS. CLASS I HDAC INHIBITION DID NOT PREVENT THE INITIAL ACINAR CELL DAMAGE. HOWEVER, IT EFFECTIVELY REDUCED THE INFILTRATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS, INCLUDING MACROPHAGES AND T CELLS, IN BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC PHASES OF THE DISEASE, AND DIRECTLY DISRUPTED MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. IN ADDITION, MS-275 TREATMENT REDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN ACINAR CELLS AND LIMITED ACINAR DE-DIFFERENTIATION INTO ACINAR-TO-DUCTAL METAPLASIA IN A CELL-AUTONOMOUS MANNER BY IMPEDING THE EGF RECEPTOR SIGNALLING AXIS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CLASS I HDACS ARE CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC FORMS OF PANCREATITIS AND SUGGEST THAT BLOCKADE OF CLASS I HDAC ISOFORMS IS A PROMISING TARGET TO IMPROVE THE OUTCOME OF THE DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  3267 17 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND POSSIBLE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CAUSES: A REVIEW. THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS A MULTISTEP PROCESS. IN HCC, PROGRESSIVE AND MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS/ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LIVER INJURY, INFLAMMATION, HEPATOCELLULAR DEGENERATION/REGENERATION, NECROSIS, AND SMALL-CELL DYSPLASIA CAN BE OBSERVED. THE INCIDENCE OF HCC EXHIBITS REGIONAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES. SEVERAL CYTOTOXIC AND DNA-DAMAGING CHEMICALS ARE SUGGESTED TO BE THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF HCC-FOR EXAMPLE, ACRYLAMIDE, PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID (PFOA), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS), BENZO(A)PYRENE (BAP), PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS (PFCS), VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER (VCM), AND DIETARY CONTAMINANTS (AFLATOXINS, OCHRATOXINS). ALSO SUGGESTED ARE SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE (ALCOHOL) AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS, SUCH AS HEPATITIS B AND C AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 (HIV-1). THESE CAN ACT THROUGH GENETIC AND/OR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THIS REVIEW WILL SHORTLY ADDRESS THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF HCC AND FOCUS ON CYTOTOXIC AND DNA-DAMAGING CHEMICALS AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS, EXPOSURE TO WHICH ARE SUGGESTED TO LEAD TO HCC INITIATION, PROMOTION, AND/OR PROGRESSION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  6661 21 UPREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING, ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH, AND MIGRATION OF COLON CANCER CELLS BY INTERLEUKIN-6. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WHICH PREDISPOSES TO COLORECTAL CANCER. THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH INFLAMMATION PROMOTES TUMORIGENESIS ARE NOT FULLY KNOWN. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE LINKS BETWEEN COLONIC INFLAMMATION AND TUMORIGENESIS VIA EPIGENETIC GENE SILENCING. COLON CANCER SPECIMENS WERE ASSESSED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-1 (DNMT-1) USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES WERE ASSESSED FOR DNMT1 EXPRESSION, METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT, PROMOTER METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND TUMORIGENESIS IN RESPONSE TO INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6. DNMT1 WAS EXPRESSED AT HIGHER LEVELS IN BOTH THE PERITUMORAL STROMA AND TUMOR IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-ASSOCIATED CANCERS COMPARED WITH SPORADIC COLON CANCERS. IL-6 TREATMENT OF COLON CANCER CELLS RESULTED IN AN INCREASE IN DNMT1 EXPRESSION, INDEPENDENT OF DE NOVO GENE EXPRESSION. IL-6 INCREASED THE METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGIONS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR SUPPRESSION, ADHESION, AND APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE. EXPRESSION OF A SUBSET OF THESE GENES WAS DOWNREGULATED BY IL-6, AN EFFECT THAT WAS PREVENTED BY PREINCUBATION WITH 5-AZADEOXYCYTIDINE, A DNMT1 INHIBITOR. ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH AND MIGRATION OF COLON CANCER CELLS WAS ALSO INCREASED BY IL-6 IN A 5-AZADEOXYCYTIDINE-SENSITIVE MANNER. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT DNMT-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING MAY PLAY A ROLE IN INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED COLON TUMORIGENESIS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  6132 24 THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORS BMI1 AND RING1B ARE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. CHRONIC PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR CHANGES IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION. THESE CHANGES MAY BE AT THE BASIS OF THE INCREASED RISK FOR PDAC AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. POLYCOMB PROTEINS ARE EPIGENETIC SILENCERS EXPRESSED IN ADULT STEM CELLS; UP-REGULATION OF POLYCOMB PROTEINS HAS BEEN REPORTED TO OCCUR IN A VARIETY OF SOLID TUMOURS SUCH AS COLON AND BREAST CANCER. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT POLYCOMB MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN PRENEOPLASTIC STATES IN THE PANCREAS AND IN TUMOUR DEVELOPMENT/PROGRESSION. TO TEST THESE IDEAS, WE DETERMINED THE EXPRESSION OF PRC1 COMPLEX PROTEINS (BMI1 AND RING1B) DURING PANCREATIC DEVELOPMENT AND IN PANCREATIC TISSUE FROM MOUSE MODELS OF DISEASE: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATIC INJURY, DUCT LIGATION, AND IN K-RAS(G12V) CONDITIONAL KNOCK-IN AND CAERULEIN-TREATED K-RAS(G12V) MICE. THE STUDY WAS EXTENDED TO HUMAN PANCREATIC TISSUE SAMPLES. TO OBTAIN MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, BMI1 EXPRESSION IN CELLS UNDERGOING IN VITRO EXOCRINE CELL METAPLASIA AND THE EFFECTS OF BMI1 DEPLETION IN AN ACINAR CANCER CELL LINE WERE STUDIED. WE FOUND THAT BMI1 AND RING1B ARE EXPRESSED IN PANCREATIC EXOCRINE PRECURSOR CELLS DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND IN DUCTAL AND ISLET CELLS-BUT NOT ACINAR CELLS-IN THE ADULT PANCREAS. BMI1 EXPRESSION WAS INDUCED IN ACINAR CELLS DURING ACUTE INJURY, IN ACINAR-DUCTAL METAPLASTIC LESIONS, AS WELL AS IN PANCREATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (PANIN) AND PDAC. IN CONTRAST, RING1B EXPRESSION WAS ONLY SIGNIFICANTLY AND PERSISTENTLY UP-REGULATED IN HIGH-GRADE PANINS AND IN PDAC. BMI1 KNOCKDOWN IN CULTURED ACINAR TUMOUR CELLS LED TO CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF VARIOUS DIGESTIVE ENZYMES. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT BMI1 AND RING1B ARE MODULATED IN PANCREATIC DISEASES AND COULD CONTRIBUTE DIFFERENTLY TO TUMOUR DEVELOPMENT.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20   922 17 CHRONIC IL-1BETA-INDUCED INFLAMMATION REGULATES EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION MEMORY PHENOTYPES VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION FACILITATES TUMOR PROGRESSION. WE DISCOVERED THAT A SUBSET OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER CELLS UNDERWENT A GRADUALLY PROGRESSING EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL (EMT) PHENOTYPE FOLLOWING A 21-DAY EXPOSURE TO IL-1BETA, AN ABUNDANT PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IN THE AT-RISK FOR LUNG CANCER PULMONARY AND THE LUNG TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENTS. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND IN VITRO FUNCTIONAL STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE EMT AND EMT-ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES, INCLUDING ENHANCED CELL INVASION, PD-L1 UPREGULATION, AND CHEMORESISTANCE, WERE SUSTAINED IN THE ABSENCE OF CONTINUOUS IL-1BETA EXPOSURE. WE REFERRED TO THIS PHENOMENON AS EMT MEMORY. UTILIZING A DOXYCYCLINE-CONTROLLED SLUG EXPRESSION SYSTEM, WE FOUND THAT HIGH EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SLUG WAS INDISPENSABLE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EMT MEMORY. HIGH SLUG EXPRESSION IN TUMORS OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL. CHEMICAL OR GENETIC INHIBITION OF SLUG UPREGULATION PREVENTED EMT FOLLOWING THE ACUTE IL-1BETA EXPOSURE BUT DID NOT REVERSE EMT MEMORY. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR FURTHER REVEALED A SLUG-MEDIATED TEMPORAL REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING ACCUMULATION OF H3K27, H3K9, AND DNA METHYLATION, IN THE CDH1 (E-CADHERIN) PROMOTER FOLLOWING THE CHRONIC IL-1BETA EXPOSURE. CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLATION NOT ONLY RESTORED E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION IN EMT MEMORY, BUT ALSO PRIMED CELLS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED APOPTOSIS.	2020