1  5694 113 SILENCING THE OCT4-PG1 PSEUDOGENE REDUCES OCT-4 PROTEIN LEVELS AND CHANGES CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PHENOTYPE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. CANCER STEM CELLS SHOW EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY AND INTRINSIC RESISTANCE TO ANTI-CANCER THERAPY, RENDERING CAPABLE OF INITIATING CANCER RELAPSE AND PROGRESSION. TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OCT-4 REGULATES VARIOUS PATHWAYS IN STEM CELLS, BUT ITS EXPRESSION CAN BE REGULATED BY PSEUDOGENES. THIS WORK EVALUATED HOW OCT4-PG1 PSEUDOGENE CAN AFFECT OCT-4 EXPRESSION AND MECHANISMS RELATED TO THE MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) PHENOTYPE IN FEPS CELLS. CONSIDERING THAT OCT-4 PROTEIN IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT REGULATES EXPRESSION OF ABC TRANSPORTERS, LEVEL OF GENE EXPRESSION, ACTIVITY OF ABC PROTEINS AND CELL SENSITIVITY TO CHEMOTHERAPY WERE EVALUATED AFTER OCT4-PG1 SILENCING. BESIDES WE SET UP A STRING NETWORK. RESULTS SHOWED THAT AFTER OCT4-PG1 SILENCING, CELLS EXPRESSED OCT-4 GENE AND PROTEIN TO A LESSER EXTENT THAN MOCK CELLS. THE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF ABCB1, AS WELL AS ITS ACTIVITY WERE REDUCED. ON THE OTHER HAND, ALOX5 AND ABCC1 GENES WAS INCREASED EVEN AS THE ACTIVITY OF THIS TRANSPORTER. MOREOVER, THE SILENCING CELLS BECOME SENSITIVE TO TWO CHEMOTHERAPICS TESTED. THE NETWORK STRUCTURE DEMONSTRATED THAT OCT4-PG1 PROTEIN INTERACTS DIRECTLY WITH OCT-4, SOX2, AND NANOG AND INDIRECTLY WITH ABC TRANSPORTERS. WE CONCLUDE THAT OCT4-PG1 PSEUDOGENE PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE REGULATION OCT-4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, WHICH ALTERS MDR PHENOTYPE IN THE FEPS CELL LINE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2  5453  27 REPROGRAMMING OF COPD LUNG FIBROBLASTS THROUGH FORMATION OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. REPROGRAMMING SOMATIC CELLS TO INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPSCS) ELIMINATES MANY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT CHARACTERIZE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED WHETHER FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS COULD BE REDUCED UTILIZING THIS APPROACH. PRIMARY FIBROBLASTS FROM NON-COPD AND COPD PATIENTS WERE REPROGRAMMED TO IPSCS. REPROGRAMMED IPSCS WERE POSITIVE FOR OCT3/4, NANOG, AND SOX2, FORMED EMBRYOID BODIES IN VITRO, AND INDUCED TERATOMAS IN NONOBESE DIABETIC/SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE. REPROGRAMMED IPSCS WERE THEN DIFFERENTIATED INTO FIBROBLASTS (NON-COPD-I AND COPD-I) AND WERE ASSESSED EITHER FUNCTIONALLY BY CHEMOTAXIS AND GEL CONTRACTION OR FOR GENE EXPRESSION BY MICROARRAYS AND COMPARED WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING PRIMARY FIBROBLASTS. PRIMARY COPD FIBROBLASTS CONTRACTED THREE-DIMENSIONAL COLLAGEN GELS AND MIGRATED TOWARD FIBRONECTIN LESS ROBUSTLY THAN NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS. IN CONTRAST, REDIFFERENTIATED FIBROBLASTS FROM IPSCS DERIVED FROM THE NON-COPD AND COPD FIBROBLASTS WERE SIMILAR IN RESPONSE IN BOTH FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS. MICROARRAY ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 1,881 GENES THAT WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN PRIMARY COPD AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS, WITH 605 GENES DIFFERING BY MORE THAN TWOFOLD. AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION, 112 GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN COPD-I AND NON-COPD-I WITH ONLY THREE GENES BY MORE THAN TWOFOLD. SIMILAR FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED WITH MICRORNA (MIRNA) EXPRESSION: 56 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN NON-COPD AND COPD PRIMARY CELLS; AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION, ONLY 3 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN NON-COPD-I AND COPD-I FIBROBLASTS. INTERESTINGLY, OF THE 605 GENES THAT WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN COPD AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS, 293 GENES WERE CHANGED TOWARD CONTROL AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION. IN CONCLUSION, FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF COPD FIBROBLASTS CAN BE REPROGRAMMED THROUGH FORMATION OF IPSCS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3   694  27 BREAST MILK MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND/OR DERIVED EXOSOMES MITIGATED ADENINE-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY VIA MODULATING RENAL AUTOPHAGY AND FIBROTIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND THEIR EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A GLOBAL HEALTH CONCERN, IS HIGHLY PREVALENT AMONG ADULTS. PRESENTLY, THERE ARE LIMITED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS TO RESTORE KIDNEY FUNCTION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF BREAST MILK MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (BR-MSCS) AND THEIR DERIVED EXOSOMES IN CKD. EIGHTY ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF SIX GROUPS, INCLUDING CONTROL, NEPHROPATHY, NEPHROPATHY + CONDITIONED MEDIA (CM), NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS, NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS DERIVED EXOSOMES (BR-MSCS-EXOS), AND NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS + BR-MSCS-EXOS. BEFORE ADMINISTRATION, BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS WERE ISOLATED, IDENTIFIED, AND LABELED WITH PKH-26. SOX2, NANOG, AND OCT3/4 EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BR-MSCS AND MIR-29B, MIR-181, AND LET-7B IN BOTH BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS WERE ASSAYED. TWELVE WEEKS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION, RENAL FUNCTION TESTS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, EXPRESSION OF THE LONG NON-CODING RNA SNHG-7, AUTOPHAGY, FIBROSIS, AND EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC MIR-34A AND ANTIFIBROTIC MIR-29B, MIR-181, AND LET-7B WERE MEASURED IN RENAL TISSUES. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR RENAL BECLIN-1, LC3-II, AND P62, MASSON TRICHOME STAINING, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF KIDNEY TISSUES WERE ALSO PERFORMED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT BR-MSCS EXPRESSED SOX2, NANOG, AND OCT3/4, WHILE BOTH BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS EXPRESSED ANTIFIBROTIC MIR-181, MIR-29B, AND LET-7B, WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION LEVELS IN EXOSOMES THAN IN BR-MSCS. INTERESTINGLY, THE ADMINISTRATION OF BR-MSCS + EXOS, EXOS, AND BR-MSCS IMPROVED RENAL FUNCTION TESTS, REDUCED RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS, UPREGULATED THE RENAL EXPRESSION OF SNHG-7, AMPK, ULK-1, BECLIN-1, LC3, MIR-29B, MIR-181, LET-7B, AND SMAD-7, DOWNREGULATED THE RENAL EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A, AKT, MTOR, P62, TGF-BETA, SMAD-3, AND COLI-1, AND AMELIORATED RENAL PATHOLOGY. THUS, BR-MSCS AND/OR THEIR DERIVED EXOSOMES APPEAR TO REDUCE ADENINE-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE BY SECRETING ANTIFIBROTIC MICRORNAS AND POTENTIATE RENAL AUTOPHAGY BY MODULATING SNHG-7 EXPRESSION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  1646  35 DOES THE HEPATITIS B ANTIGEN HBX PROMOTE THE APPEARANCE OF LIVER CANCER STEM CELLS? HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) IS A MAJOR ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC). HBV-ENCODED X ANTIGEN, HBX, AND PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN THE SELF-RENEWAL OF STEM CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO HCC, BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER HBX EXPRESSION PROMOTES "STEMNESS." THUS, EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HBX TRIGGERS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION BY PROMOTING PROPERTIES THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF CANCER STEM CELLS (CSC). TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, HEPG2 CELLS WERE STABLY TRANSDUCED WITH HBX AND THEN ASSAYED FOR PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF "STEMNESS." THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HBX AND "STEMNESS"-ASSOCIATED MARKERS WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF LIVER AND TUMOR TISSUE SECTIONS FROM HBV-INFECTED PATIENTS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT OCT-4, NANOG, KLF-4, BETA-CATENIN, AND EPITHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULE (EPCAM) WERE ACTIVATED BY HBX IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. EPCAM WAS DETECTED IN THE NUCLEI OF HUMAN HCC CELLS FROM INFECTED PATIENTS. HBX PROMOTES "STEMNESS" BY ACTIVATING BETA-CATENIN AND EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF MIR-181, BOTH OF WHICH TARGET EPCAM. HBX EXPRESSION WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSED LEVELS OF E-CADHERIN. MOREOVER, HBX STIMULATED CELL MIGRATION, GROWTH IN SOFT AGAR, AND SPHEROID FORMATION. THIS WORK IS THE FIRST TO PROPOSE THAT HBV PROMOTES "STEMNESS" IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HCC. HBX-ASSOCIATED UPREGULATED EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE "STEMNESS" MARKERS SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HBX CONTRIBUTES TO HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS, AT LEAST IN PART, BY PROMOTING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION THAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF CSCS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  6235  31 THE M(6)A DEMETHYLASE FTO PROMOTES RENAL EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION BY REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. BACKGROUND: RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) IS THE MAIN PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF A VARIETY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE RIF PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) MODIFICATION AND ITS ROLE IN REGULATING RIF PROGRESSION. METHODS: UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION (UUO) WAS EMPLOYED TO CONSTRUCT THE RIF IN VIVO MODEL; AND TGF-BETA1-TREATED HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS WERE USED FOR IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE ASSESSED USING QRT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. THE PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION WERE EVALUATED BY EDU ASSAY AND TRANSWELL ASSAY, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES WERE DETERMINED BY ELISA ASSAY AND QRT-PCR. MOREOVER, LNCRNA GAS5 M(6)A LEVEL WAS DETECTED USING ME-RIP ASSAY. HE AND MASSON STAINING WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE FIBROTIC LESIONS OF THE KIDNEY. RESULTS: FTO EXPRESSION WAS ELEVATED IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS AFTER TGF-BETA1 TREATMENT AND MOUSE KIDNEY TISSUE FOLLOWING UUO, AND LNCRNA GAS5 WAS DOWNREGULATED. LNCRNA GAS5 OVEREXPRESSION OR FTO SILENCING SUPPRESSED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED THE INCREASE OF EMT-RELATED PROTEINS (VIMENTIN, SNAIL AND N-CADHERIN) AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL-6, IL-1BETA AND TNF-ALPHA) LEVELS IN HK-2 CELLS. FTO SUPPRESSED LNCRNA GAS5 EXPRESSION BY REDUCING THE M6A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. ADDITIONALLY, FTO KNOCKDOWN COULD SUPPRESS EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE INDUCED BY TGF-BETA1 AND UUO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. AS EXPECTED, FTO KNOCKDOWN ABROGATED THE PROMOTION EFFECTS OF LNCRNA GAS5 SILENCING ON TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS. CONCLUSION: FTO PROMOTED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE THROUGH REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6   134  45 ABCB1 REGULATION THROUGH LRPPRC IS INFLUENCED BY THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE GC -100 BOX IN ITS PROMOTER. ONE OF THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF IMATINIB MESYLATE (IM) RESISTANCE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS INCREASED LEVEL OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN (PGP). PGP IS AN EFFLUX PUMP CAPABLE OF ACTIVATING THE MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) PHENOTYPE. THE GENE ENCODING PGP (ABCB1) HAS SEVERAL BINDING SITES IN ITS PROMOTER REGION, ALONG WITH CPG ISLANDS AND GC BOXES, INVOLVED IN ITS EPIGENETIC CONTROL. IN PREVIOUS WORK, WE PERFORMED A PROTEOMIC STUDY TO IDENTIFY PROTEINS INVOLVED IN IM CROSS-RESISTANCE IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA. AMONG THESE PROTEINS, WE IDENTIFIED LRPPRC AS A POTENTIAL REGULATOR OF ABCB1 TRANSCRIPTION VIA AN INVMED1 BINDING SITE IN ABCB1. INTERESTINGLY, THIS INVMED1 BINDING SITE OVERLAPS WITH THE GC -100 BOX. IN THIS WORK, WE INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF LRPPRC IN THE REGULATION OF ABCB1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY IN CML RESISTANCE. IN ADDITION, WE EVALUATED THE POTENTIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THIS REGULATION AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE ABCB1 PROMOTER IN ITS GC -100 BOX. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT LRPPRC BINDS PROMINENTLY TO THE ABCB1 PROMOTER IN LUCENA CELLS, AN IM-RESISTANT CELL LINE. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS SHOWED THAT ABCB1 TRANSCRIPTION IS POSITIVELY REGULATED BY LRPPRC UPON ITS KNOCKDOWN. PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE ABCB1 PROMOTER IS DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AT ITS GC -100 BOX IN K562 CELLS COMPARED WITH LUCENA CELLS, AND IN CML PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSE TO IM. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND PGP EXPRESSION AFTER DNA DEMETHYLATION TREATMENT SHOWED THAT LRPPRC BINDING IS AFFECTED BY THE METHYLATION STATUS OF ABCB1 GC -100 BOX. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THAT LRPPRC IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RELATED TO ABCB1 EXPRESSION AND HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CML RESISTANCE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7   735  26 CANCER STEM CELLS INDUCED BY CHRONIC STIMULATION WITH PROSTAGLANDIN E2 EXHIBITED CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED PI3K AXIS. PREVIOUSLY, OUR GROUP HAS DEMONSTRATED ESTABLISHMENT OF CANCER STEM CELL (CSC) MODELS FROM STEM CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF CONDITIONED MEDIUM OF CANCER CELL LINES. IN THIS STUDY, WE TRIED TO IDENTIFY THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INDUCTION OF CSCS. SINCE WE FOUND THE LIPID COMPOSITION COULD BE TRACED TO ARACHIDONIC ACID CASCADE IN THE CSC MODEL, WE ASSESSED PROSTAGLANDIN E2 (PGE2) AS A CANDIDATE FOR THE ABILITY TO INDUCE CSCS FROM INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPSCS). MOUSE IPSCS ACQUIRED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CSCS IN THE PRESENCE OF 10 NG/ML OF PGE2 AFTER 4 WEEKS. SINCE CONSTITUTIVE AKT ACTIVATION AND PIK3CG OVEREXPRESSION WERE FOUND IN THE RESULTANT CSCS, OF WHICH GROWTH WAS FOUND INDEPENDENT OF PGE2, CHRONIC STIMULATION OF THE RECEPTORS EP-2/4 BY PGE2 WAS SUPPOSED TO INDUCE CSCS FROM IPSCS THROUGH EPIGENETIC EFFECT. THE BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCE DATA OF THE OBTAINED CSCS PROPOSED NOT ONLY RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVATION BY GROWTH FACTORS BUT ALSO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND FOCAL ADHESION ENHANCED PI3K PATHWAY. COLLECTIVELY, CHRONIC STIMULATION OF STEM CELLS WITH PGE2 WAS IMPLIED RESPONSIBLE FOR CANCER INITIATION ENHANCING PI3K/AKT AXIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  4354  32 MIR-21-5P DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO REGULATING ENOS EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDER NORMOXIA AND HYPOXIA. CLINICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOXIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, SUCH AS FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (FGR), RESULTS IN ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION. PREVIOUS REPORTS SHOW THAT CHANGES IN ENOS EXPRESSION UNDER THESE CONDITIONS ARE TIGHTLY CONTROLLED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF AN ORCHESTRATING EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, SUCH AS MIRNAS, ON THE NO-RELATED GENES EXPRESSION HAS NOT BEEN ADDRESSED. WE AIMED TO DETERMINE THE LEVELS OF MIRNAS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN NORMAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (EC), MIR-21 AND MIR-126, IN FGR HUMAN UMBILICAL ARTERY EC (HUAEC), AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HYPOXIA-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF BOTH, NO-RELATED AND OXIDATIVE STRESS-RELATED GENES. RESULTS WERE VALIDATED BY TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF HUAEC CULTURED UNDER CHRONIC LOW OXYGEN CONDITIONS. CULTURED FGR-HUAEC SHOWED DECREASED HSA-MIR-21, DDAH1, SOD1, AND NRF2, BUT INCREASED MIR-126, NOX4, AND ENOS LEVELS, COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. MIR-21-5P LEVELS IN FGR WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HG-MIR-21 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION, WITH NO CHANGES IN HG-MIR-126 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION. HUAEC EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA SHOWED A TRANSIENT INCREASE IN ENOS AND DDAH11, PARALLELED BY DECREASE MIR-21-5P LEVELS, BUT NO CHANGES IN MIR-126-3P AND THE OTHER GENES UNDER STUDY. TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING SHOWED AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP AMONG MIR-21 AND SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTS TARGETED BY MIR-21 IN HUAEC EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA, MEANWHILE MIR-21-5P-MIMIC DECREASED ENOS AND DDAH1 TRANSCRIPTS STABILITY, BLOCKING THEIR INDUCTION BY HYPOXIA. CONSEQUENTLY, FGR PROGRAMS A HYPOXIA-RELATED MIRNA THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF THE NO PATHWAY, INVOLVING A DIRECT EFFECT OF MIR-21-5P ON ENOS TRANSCRIPT STABILITY, NOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. MOREOVER, HYPOXIA DOWNREGULATES MIR-21-5P, CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASING THE EXPRESSION OF NO-RELATED GENES IN ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  5479  32 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10  3654  29 INDOXYL SULFATE ACCELERATES VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL CALCIFICATION VIA MICRORNA-29B DEPENDENT REGULATION OF WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING. VASCULAR CALCIFICATION (VC) IS A VERY COMMON PHENOMENON IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE(CKD) AND IT INCREASES THE INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND LEADS TO HIGH MORTALITY IN CKD PATIENTS. IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT SOME MICRORNAS (MIRS) PLAY ROLES IN VASCULAR CALCIFICATION AS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR. INDOXYL SULFATE (IS) IS A PROTEIN-BOUND UREMIC TOXIN WHICH HAS BEEN PROVEN AS ONE OF THE MAJOR RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CKD. HERE WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER MICRORNA-29B (MIR-29B) IS INVOLVED IN IS-INDUCED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION. WE FOUND THAT VASCULAR MIR-29B WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN RADIAL ARTERIES OF PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. CONSISTENTLY, IS ALSO DECREASED MIR-29B EXPRESSION IN HUMAN AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (HASMCS) AND POTENTIATED THEIR CALCIFICATION. MIR-29B MIMICS SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED, WHILE MIR-29B ANTI-MIR MARKEDLY ENHANCED, IS-INDUCED RUNT-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 AND OSTEOPONTIN EXPRESSION. THE EXPRESSION OF WNT7B/BETA-CATENIN IN RADIAL ARTERIES WAS HIGHER IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE THAN IN CONTROL GROUP, AND IS INCREASED WNT7B/BETA-CATENIN EXPRESSION IN HASMCS AS EARLY AS 3DAYS AFTER STIMULATION. FURTHERMORE, MIR-29B MIMICS POTENTLY REPRESSED WNT7B/BETA-CATENIN PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN HASMCS, WHEREAS MIR-29B ANTI-MIR INCREASED THEIR EXPRESSION, INDICATING MIR-29B INDEED NEGATIVELY REGULATES WNT7B/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING. DICKKOPF-1 PROTEIN, THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING INHIBITOR, SUPPRESSED ANTI-MIR-29B-ENHANCED HASMCS CALCIFICATION. OUR DATA THUS INDICATE THAT MIR-29B DOWNREGULATION AND WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING ACTIVATION MAY BE THE KEY MECHANISM OF IS INDUCED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  4371  29 MIRNAS POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN POST LUNG TRANSPLANT-OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS: THE ROLE OF MIR-21-5P. EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INCLUDING MIRNAS DEREGULATION, HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS (OB) IN TRANSPLANTED LUNGS. MANY STUDIES HAVE TRIED TO IDENTIFY IDEAL CANDIDATE MIRNAS AND THE DOWNSTREAM PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN THE BRONCHIOLAR FIBRO-OBLITERATIVE PROCESS. SEVERAL CANDIDATE MIRNAS, PREVIOUSLY INDICATED AS POSSIBLY BEING ASSOCIATED WITH OB, WERE ANALYZED BY COMBINING THE QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR) AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (ISH) OF LUNG TISSUES OF OB AFFECTED PATIENTS. DISEASE AND OB-LESION-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF MIR-21-5P WAS CONFIRMED AND BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS WE WERE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE NETWORK OF GENES MOST PROBABLY ASSOCIATED MIR-21-5P IN THE CONTEXT OF OB FIBROGENESIS. AMONG ALL POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED GENES, STAT3 HAD A VERY HIGH PROBABILITY SCORE. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SHOWED THAT STAT3/MIR-21-5P WERE CO-OVER EXPRESSED IN OB LESIONS, THUS, SUGGESTING MIR-21-5P COULD REGULATE STAT3 EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, MIR-21-5P INHIBITION IN CULTURES OF BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME (BOS) DERIVED MYOFIBROBLASTS DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT STAT3 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE SPECIFICITY OF MIR-21-5P OVER-EXPRESSION IN OB LESIONS AND CONTRIBUTES TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ON THE MIR-21-5P DOWNSTREAM PATHWAY. ACTIVATION OF STAT3 IS ASSOCIATED WITH MIR-21-5P UPREGULATION, HOWEVER, STAT-3 NETWORK ACTIVATION IS MOST LIKELY COMPLEX AND MIR-21-5P IS NOT THE SOLE REGULATOR OF STAT3.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  1632  32 DNMTS ARE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) PATHOGENESIS IS CLOSELY RELATED TO TISSUE REMODELING, INCLUDING EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT). EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY KEY ROLES IN EMT. DNA METHYLATION, MEDIATED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS), IS AN EPIGENETIC MARKER THAT IS CRITICAL TO EMT. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER DNMTS WERE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT AND ELUCIDATE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT ACTIVITY WERE QUANTIFIED. DNMT EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED USING REAL-TIME PCR (QRT-PCR) IN HUMAN CRS TISSUES. MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF DNMTS, E-CADHERIN, VIMENTIN, ALPHA-SMA, AND FIBRONECTIN WERE DETERMINED USING RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOTTING, RESPECTIVELY. DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B GENE EXPRESSION WERE KNOCKED DOWN USING SIRNA TRANSFECTION. MAPK PHOSPHORYLATION AND EMT-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR LEVELS WERE DETERMINED USING WESTERN BLOTTING. SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE ANALYZED USING SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF MAPK. WE DEMONSTRATED THESE DATA IN PRIMARY NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, DNMT ACTIVITY, AND DNMT EXPRESSION INCREASED IN CRS TISSUES. DNMT EXPRESSION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH LUND-MCKAY CT SCORES. TGF-BETA1 DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION. FURTHER, 5-AZA INHIBITED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT, SNAIL, AND SLUG EXPRESSION RELATED TO EMT, AS WELL AS P38 AND JNK PHOSPHORYLATION IN A549 CELLS AND TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION AND EMT IN PRIMARY NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION LEADS TO DNA METHYLATION AND EMT VIA P38, JNK, SNAIL, AND SLUG SIGNALING PATHWAYS. INHIBITION OF DNMT SUPPRESSED THE EMT PROCESS AND THEREFORE IS POTENTIALLY A CRS THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13  1445  24 DIFFUSE PEDIATRIC-TYPE HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA ARISING IN AN OVARIAN MATURE CYSTIC TERATOMA. IMMATURE NEUROECTODERMAL TISSUE CAN BE FOUND IN THE OVARY AS PART OF AN IMMATURE TERATOMA OR AS PART OF A TERATOMA WITH MALIGNANT NEUROECTODERMAL TRANSFORMATION. SUCH LESIONS MAY CLOSELY RESEMBLE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS, BUT THEIR BIOLOGIC SIMILARITY IS UNCLEAR. WE DESCRIBE AN 18-YR-OLD FEMALE WHO PRESENTED WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN CAUSED BY AN OVARIAN MASS WITH WIDESPREAD METASTASES. HISTOLOGY SHOWED A PRIMITIVE, HIGH-GRADE TUMOR ARISING IN THE BACKGROUND OF A MATURE TERATOMA. THE TUMOR WAS SOX10 POSITIVE, WITH FOCAL EXPRESSION OF GFAP, S100, NSE, AND SYNAPTOPHYSIN. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED CO-AMPLIFICATION OF PDGFRA AND KIT, ALTERATIONS COMMON IN HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS. BY WHOLE-GENOME METHYLATION PROFILING, IT CLUSTERED INTO THE "DIFFUSE PEDIATRIC-TYPE HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA, RTK1 SUBTYPE, SUBCLASS C" GROUP. DESPITE PROGRESSING THROUGH 2 LINES OF CHEMOTHERAPY WITH WIDESPREAD METASTATIC DISEASE, SHE ACHIEVED AN EXCELLENT RESPONSE TO CHEMOTHERAPY DIRECTED TOWARD AGGRESSIVE GERM CELL TUMORS. THIS CASE EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL, GENOMIC, AND EPIGENETIC ANALYSES TO ACCURATELY CLASSIFY THESE EXCEEDINGLY RARE TUMORS AND DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL THERAPY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14   766  25 CCL5 SUPPRESSES KLOTHO EXPRESSION VIA P-STAT3/DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1-MEDIATED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. BACKGROUND: ENHANCED INFLAMMATION AND REDUCED KLOTHO ARE COMMON FEATURES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). INFLAMMATION INDUCES DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. THIS STUDY ASSESSED THE PERFORMANCE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKER C-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE 5 (CCL5) IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION. METHODS: FIFTY CKD PATIENTS AND 25 MATCHED CONTROLS WERE ENROLLED, AND SERUM CCL5 LEVEL, SKLOTHO LEVEL, AND DNA METHYLATION WERE EVALUATED IN THESE SUBJECTS. A RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) MODEL WITH CKD WAS INDUCED IN MICE VIA UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (UUO) IN VIVO AND HUMAN PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL (HK-2) CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5 IN VITRO. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA), A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR WAS GIVEN TO UUO MICE. HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN (HE) AND MASSON TRICHROME STAINING WERE ADOPTED TO EVALUATE RENAL PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR WAS PERFORMED TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION OF KLOTHO PROMOTER IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES (PBLS) FROM CKD PATIENTS AND OBSTRUCTIVE KIDNEY FROM UUO MICE. CCL5, KLOTHO, AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) WERE DETERMINED BY ELISAS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, OR WESTERN BLOTTING. HK-2 CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO CCL5 WITH OR WITHOUT 5-AZA AND STATTIC, A P-SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) INHIBITOR, AND EXPRESSIONS OF P-STAT3, DNMT1, AND KLOTHO WERE DETERMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. RESULTS: CCL5 UPREGULATION CONCOMITANT WITH KLOTHO DOWNREGULATION IN SERUM AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN PBLS WERE OBSERVED IN CKD SAMPLES. UUO CONTRIBUTED TO SEVERE RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS AND ENHANCED EXPRESSIONS OF FIBROTIC MARKERS. MOREOVER, UUO INCREASED THE CCL5 LEVEL, INDUCED KLOTHO PROMOTER METHYLATION, SUPPRESSED KLOTHO LEVEL, ACTIVATED P-STAT3 SIGNALING, AND UPREGULATED DNMT1 LEVEL. A SIMILAR OBSERVATION WAS MADE IN HK-2 CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5. MORE IMPORTANTLY, 5-AZA INHIBITED UUO-INDUCED KLOTHO HYPERMETHYLATION, REVERSED KLOTHO, DOWNREGULATED P-STAT3 EXPRESSIONS, AND AMELIORATED RIF IN VIVO. THE CONSISTENT FINDINGS IN VITRO WERE ALSO OBTAINED IN HK-2 CELLS EXPOSED TO 5-AZA AND STATTIC. CONCLUSION: THE CCL5/P-STAT3/DNMT1 AXIS IS IMPLICATED IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION IN CKD. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NOVEL THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES FOR REVERSAL OF KLOTHO SUPPRESSION BY CKD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15  6238  37 THE MALIGNANCY SUPPRESSION ROLE OF MIR-23A BY TARGETING THE BCR/ABL ONCOGENE IN CHROMIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF MIR-23A IN THE REGULATION OF BCR/ABL AND TO PROVIDE A NEW PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MIR-23A AND BCR/ABL WERE ASSESSED IN 42 NEWLY DIAGNOSED CML PATIENTS, 37 CML PATIENTS IN FIRST COMPLETE REMISSION AND 25 HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND COLONY FORMATION ASSAY WERE USED TO EVALUATE CHANGES INDUCED BY OVEREXPRESSION OR INHIBITION OF MIR-23A OR BCR/ABL. MIR-23A MIMIC OR NEGATIVE CONTROL MIMIC WAS TRANSFECTED INTO A CML CELL LINE (K562) AND TWO LUNG CANCER CELL LINES (H157 AND SKMES1) USING LIPOFECTAMINE 2000, AND THE CELLS WERE USED FOR REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-PCR) AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WE FOUND THAT THE DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-23A EXPRESSION WAS A FREQUENT EVENT IN BOTH LEUKEMIA CELL LINES AND PRIMARY LEUKEMIC CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH DE NOVO CML. THE MICROARRAY RESULTS SHOWED THAT MOST OF THE CML PATIENTS EXPRESSED HIGH LEVELS OF BCR/ABL AND LOW LEVELS OF MIR-23A. REAL-TIME RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE BCR/ABL LEVELS IN MIR-23A-TRANSFECTED CELLS WERE LOWER THAN THOSE IN THE CONTROL GROUPS. ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF MIR-23A IN K562 CELLS LED TO CELLULAR SENESCENCE. MOREOVER, WHEN K562 CELLS WERE TREATED WITH 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, BCR/ABL EXPRESSION WAS UPREGULATED, WHICH INDICATES EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-23A IN LEUKEMIC CELLS. BCR/ABL AND MIR-23A EXPRESSIONS WERE INVERSELY RELATED TO CML, AND BCR/ABL EXPRESSION WAS REGULATED BY MIR-23A IN LEUKEMIC CELLS. THE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-23A LED TO DEREPRESSION OF BCR/ABL EXPRESSION, AND CONSEQUENTLY CONTRIBUTES TO CML DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  6596  28 TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE MIR-192-5P HAS PROGNOSTIC VALUE IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY FAST TUMOR PROGRESSION AND DIAGNOSIS AT ADVANCED, INOPERABLE STAGES. PREVIOUS STUDIES COULD DEMONSTRATE AN INVOLVEMENT OF MIR-192-5P IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VISCERAL CARCINOMAS. DUE TO CONTRADICTORY RESULTS, HOWEVER, THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC HAS YET TO BE DETERMINED. MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION WAS ANALYZED BY RT-QRT-PCR IN HUMAN PDAC AND BENIGN TISSUE (N = 78), BLOOD SERUM (N = 81) AND SERUM EXOSOMES (N = 74), AS WELL AS IN PDAC CELL LINES (N = 5), CHEMORESISTANT CELL CLONES (N = 2), AND PANCREATIC DUCT CELL LINE H6C7. ANALYSIS OF EMT-ASSOCIATED (EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION) PROTEINS WAS PERFORMED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND WESTERN BLOT. MIR-192-5P WAS DEREGULATED IN PDAC AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS), WITH DOWNREGULATION IN MACRODISSECTED TISSUE (P < 0.001) AND UPREGULATION IN BLOOD SERUM OF PDAC UICC (UNION FOR INTERNATIONAL CANCER CONTROL) STAGE IV (P = 0.016) AND SERUM EXOSOMES OF PDAC UICC STAGES II TO IV (P < 0.001). MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION IN TUMOR TISSUE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AS COMPARED TO CORRESPONDING PERITUMORAL TISSUE (PDAC UICC STAGE II: P < 0.001; PDAC UICC STAGE III: P = 0.024), WHILE EMT MARKERS ZEB1 AND ZEB2 WERE MORE FREQUENTLY EXPRESSED IN TUMOR TISSUE AS COMPARED TO PERITUMORAL TISSUE, HCS, AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. TISSUE-DERIVED (AUC OF 0.86; P < 0.0001) AND EXOSOMAL (AUC OF 0.83; P = 0.0004) MIR-192-5P COULD DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PDAC AND HCS WITH GOOD ACCURACY. FURTHERMORE, HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC TISSUE OF CURATIVELY RESECTED PDAC PATIENTS CORRELATED WITH PROLONGED OVERALL AND RECURRENCE-FREE SURVIVAL IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. IN VITRO, MIR-192-5P WAS DOWNREGULATED IN GEMCITABINE-RESISTANT CELL CLONES OF ASPC-1 (P = 0.029). TRANSIENT TRANSFECTION OF MIA PACA-2 CELLS WITH MIR-192-5P MIMIC RESULTED IN DOWNREGULATION OF ZEB2. MIR-192-5P SEEMS TO POSSESS A TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE ROLE AND HIGH POTENTIAL AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN PDAC.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  3347  31 HISTONE DEACETYLASES MEDIATE THE SILENCING OF MIR-15A, MIR-16, AND MIR-29B IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) DEMONSTRATES A GLOBAL DOWN-REGULATION OF MIR-15A AND MIR-16 AND A SELECTIVE SILENCING OF THE RELATED MIR-29B IN AGGRESSIVE DISEASE. DELETIONS IN CHROMOSOME 13 [DEL(13Q14)] PARTIALLY ACCOUNT FOR THE LOSS OF EXPRESSION OF MIR-15A AND MIR-16, BUT THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH MIR-29B BECOMES SILENCED IS UNKNOWN. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE SHOW THAT THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE OVEREXPRESSED IN CLL AND MEDIATE THE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-15A, MIR-16, AND MIR-29B. HDAC INHIBITION TRIGGERED THE ACCUMULATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVATING CHROMATIN MODIFICATION H3K4ME2 AND RESTORED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-15A, MIR-16, AND MIR-29B IN APPROXIMATELY 35% OF SAMPLES. ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF MIR-15A AND MIR-16 AND HDAC INHIBITION-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF MIR-15A, MIR-16, OR MIR-29B IN PRIMARY CLL CELLS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINES IN THE LEVELS OF MCL-1, BUT NOT BCL-2, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, AND INDUCTION OF CELL DEATH. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT HDACS ABERRANTLY SILENCE THE EXPRESSION OF THE CRITICAL TUMOR SUPPRESSORS MIR-15A, MIR-16, AND MIR-29B IN CLL. DEACETYLASE INHIBITION MAY BE A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY THAT RESTORES THE EXPRESSION OF THESE MIRS TO ANTAGONIZE MCL-1, AN IMPORTANT SURVIVAL PROTEIN IN THESE CELLS. CONSEQUENTLY, CLL PATIENTS WHO EXHIBIT SUCH EPIGENETIC SILENCING MAY BENEFIT FROM HDAC INHIBITOR-BASED THERAPY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18  2133  21 EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF THE MIR-34A IN HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. MIR-34A IS A TRANSCRIPTIONAL TARGET OF P53 AND IMPLICATED IN CARCINOGENESIS. WE STUDIED THE ROLE OF MIR-34A METHYLATION IN A PANEL OF HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES INCLUDING ACUTE LEUKEMIA [ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)], CHRONIC LEUKEMIA [CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) AND CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML)], MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM) AND NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA (NHL). THE METHYLATION STATUS OF MIR-34A PROMOTER WAS STUDIED IN 12 CELL LINES AND 188 DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. MIR-34A PROMOTER WAS UNMETHYLATED IN NORMAL CONTROLS BUT METHYLATED IN 75% LYMPHOMA AND 37% MYELOMA CELL LINES. HYPOMETHYLATING TREATMENT LED TO RE-EXPRESSION OF PRI-MIR-34A TRANSCRIPT IN LYMPHOMA CELLS WITH HOMOZYGOUS MIR-34A METHYLATION. IN PRIMARY SAMPLES AT DIAGNOSIS, MIR-34A METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 4% CLL, 5.5% MM SAMPLES AND 18.8% OF NHL AT DIAGNOSIS BUT NONE OF ALL, AML AND CML (P = 0.011). IN MM PATIENTS WITH PAIRED SAMPLES, MIR-34A METHYLATION STATUS REMAINED UNCHANGED AT PROGRESSION. AMONGST LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES, MIR-34A WAS PREFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN NHL (P = 0.018), IN PARTICULAR NATURAL KILLER (NK)/T-CELL LYMPHOMA. IN CONCLUSION, AMONGST HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES, MIR-34A METHYLATION IS PREFERENTIALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN NHL, IN PARTICULAR NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMA, IN A TUMOR-SPECIFIC MANNER, THEREFORE THE ROLE OF MIR-34A IN LYMPHOMAGENESIS WARRANTS FURTHER STUDY.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  1663  38 DOWNREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-3A AMELIORATES THE OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION ABILITY OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS IN DIABETIC OSTEOPOROSIS VIA WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. BACKGROUND: DIABETES-RELATED OSTEOPOROSIS (DOP) IS A CHRONIC DISEASE CAUSED BY THE HIGH GLUCOSE ENVIRONMENT THAT INDUCES A METABOLIC DISORDER OF OSTEOCYTES AND OSTEOBLAST-ASSOCIATED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS. THE PROCESSES OF BONE DEFECT REPAIR AND REGENERATION BECOME EXTREMELY DIFFICULT WITH DOP. ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS (ASCS), AS SEED CELLS IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, PROVIDE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR BONE REGENERATION IN DOP PATIENTS. THE OSTEOGENIC ABILITY OF ASCS IS LOWER IN A DOP MODEL THAN THAT OF CONTROL ASCS. DNA METHYLATION, AS A MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION, MAY BE INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION OF VARIOUS GENES, THEREBY PARTICIPATING IN BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS OF VARIOUS CELLS. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT INCREASED DNA METHYLATION LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVATION OF WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIABETIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE OSTEOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ASCS, TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION ON OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF DOP-ASCS VIA WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY, AND TO IMPROVE THE OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION ABILITY OF ASCS WITH DOP. METHODS: DOP-ASCS AND CONTROL ASCS WERE ISOLATED FROM DOP C57BL/6 AND CONTROL MICE, RESPECTIVELY. THE MULTIPOTENCY OF DOP-ASCS WAS CONFIRMED BY ALIZARIN RED-S, OIL RED-O, AND ALCIAN BLUE STAINING. REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR), IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, AND WESTERN BLOTTING WERE USED TO ANALYZE CHANGES IN MARKERS OF OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION, DNA METHYLATION, AND WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING. ALIZARIN RED-S STAINING WAS ALSO USED TO CONFIRM CHANGES IN THE OSTEOGENIC ABILITY. DNMT SMALL INTERFERING RNA (SIRNA), SHRNA-DNMT3A, AND LVRNA-DNMT3A WERE USED TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF DNMT3A IN OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF CONTROL ASCS AND DOP-ASCS. MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING, AND MASSON STAINING WERE USED TO ANALYZE CHANGES IN THE OSTEOGENIC CAPABILITY WHILE DOWNREGULATING DNMT3A WITH LENTIVIRUS IN DOP MICE IN VIVO. RESULTS: THE PROLIFERATIVE ABILITY OF DOP-ASCS WAS LOWER THAN THAT OF CONTROL ASCS. DOP-ASCS SHOWED A DECREASE IN OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION CAPACITY, LOWER WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY ACTIVITY, AND A HIGHER LEVEL OF DNMT3A THAN CONTROL ASCS. WHEN DNMT3A WAS DOWNREGULATED BY SIRNA AND SHRNA, OSTEOGENIC-RELATED FACTORS RUNT-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 AND OSTEOPONTIN, AND ACTIVITY OF WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY WERE INCREASED, WHICH RESCUED THE POOR OSTEOGENIC POTENTIAL OF DOP-ASCS. WHEN DNMT3A WAS UPREGULATED BY LVRNA-DNMT3A, THE OSTEOGENIC ABILITY WAS INHIBITED. THE SAME RESULTS WERE OBTAINED IN VIVO. CONCLUSIONS: DNMT3A SILENCING RESCUES THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DOP ON ASCS AND PROVIDES A POSSIBLE APPROACH FOR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC OSTEOPOROSIS.	2022	

20  2792  25 FAT10 IS AN EPIGENETIC MARKER FOR LIVER PRENEOPLASIA IN A DRUG-PRIMED MOUSE MODEL OF TUMORIGENESIS. THERE IS CLINICAL EVIDENCE THAT CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES IN WHICH MDBS (MALLORY DENK BODIES) FORM PROGRESS TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. THE PRESENT STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT LINKS MDB FORMATION INDUCED BY CHRONIC DRUG INJURY, WITH PRENEOPLASIA AND LATER TO THE FORMATION OF TUMORS, WHICH DEVELOP LONG AFTER DRUG WITHDRAWAL. EVIDENCE INDICATED THAT THIS LINK WAS DUE TO AN EPIGENETIC CELLULAR MEMORY INDUCED BY CHRONIC DRUG INGESTION. MICROARRAY ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSIONS OF MANY MARKERS OF PRENEOPLASIA (UBD, ALPHA FETOPROTEIN, KLF6 AND GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE MU2) WERE INCREASED TOGETHER WHEN THE DRUG DDC WAS REFED. THESE CHANGES WERE SUPPRESSED BY S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE FEEDING, INDICATING THAT THE DRUG WAS AFFECTING DNA AND HISTONES METHYLATION IN AN EPIGENETIC MANNER. THE LINK BETWEEN MDB FORMATION AND NEOPLASIA FORMATION WAS LIKELY DUE TO THE OVER EXPRESSION OF UBD (ALSO CALLED FAT10), WHICH IS UP REGULATED IN 90% OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF DRUG-PRIMED MOUSE LIVERS SHOWED THAT FAT10 POSITIVE LIVER CELLS PERSISTED UP TO 4 MONTHS AFTER DRUG WITHDRAWAL AND THEY WERE STILL FOUND IN THE LIVERS OF MICE, 14 MONTHS AFTER DRUG WITHDRAWAL. THE REFEEDING OF DDC INCREASED THE PERCENT OF FAT10 HEPATOCYTES.	2008