1  4853 218 OPPOSING EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN HUMAN SPERM BY INTAKE OF FAST FOOD VERSUS HEALTHY FOOD. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT DIETS HIGH IN FATS CREATE A HARMFUL ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPING SPERM CELLS, CONTRIBUTING TO IMPAIRED REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND INDUCED RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN THE NEXT GENERATION. CHANGES AT THE LEVEL OF THE EPIGENOME HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO UNDERLIE THESE OBSERVATIONS. HUMAN DATA ARE LIMITED TO VERIFY THIS HYPOTHESIS. WHILE WE EARLIER DEMONSTRATED A LINK BETWEEN MALE OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AT IMPRINTED GENES IN MATURE SPERM CELLS AND NEWBORNS, IT IS CURRENTLY UNKNOWN IF -OR HOW- A PATERNAL EATING PATTERN (RELATED TO OBESITY) IS RELATED TO INDICES FOR EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. WE HERE AIM TO EXAMINE A YET UNEXPLORED LINK BETWEEN CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHY (RICH IN VITAMINS AND FIBERS) OR UNHEALTHY ("FAST") FOODS AND METHYLATION AT IMPRINT REGULATORY REGIONS IN DNA OF SPERM. WE OBTAINED SEMEN AND DATA FROM 67 MEN, AS PART OF A NORTH CAROLINA-BASED STUDY: THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON GAMETIC EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING (TIEGER) STUDY. DIETARY DATA INCLUDED INTAKE OF FRUITS/NUTS, VEGETABLES/SOUPS, WHOLE GRAIN BREAD, MEAT, SEAFOOD/FISH, AND FATTY OR PROCESSED FOOD ITEMS. MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODELS WERE USED TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY HABITS AND CLINICAL SPERM PARAMETERS AS WELL AS DNA METHYLATION LEVELS, QUANTIFIED USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AT 12 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) OF THE FOLLOWING IMPRINTED GENES: GRB10, IGF2, H19, MEG3, NDN, NNAT, PEG1/MEST, PEG3, PLAGL1, SNRPN, AND SGCE/PEG10. AFTER ADJUSTING FOR AGE, OBESITY STATUS AND RECRUITMENT METHOD, WE FOUND THAT TOTAL MOTILE COUNT (TMC) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IF MEN CONSUMED FRUITS/NUTS (BETA=+6.9, SE=1.9, P=0.0005) AND VEGETABLES (BETA=+5.4, SE=1.9, P=0.006), WHEREAS CONSUMPTION OF FRIES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER TMC (BETA=-20.2, SE=8.7, P=0.024). SEMEN VOLUME WAS ALSO HIGHER IF VEGETABLES OR FRUITS/NUTS WERE FREQUENTLY CONSUMED (BETA=+0.06, SE=0.03, P=0.03). SIMILARLY, OUR SPERM EPIGENETIC ANALYSES SHOWED OPPOSING ASSOCIATIONS FOR HEALTHY VERSUS FAST FOOD ITEMS. FREQUENT CONSUMPTION OF FRIES WAS RELATED TO A HIGHER CHANCE OF SPERM BEING METHYLATED AT THE MEG3-IG CPG4 SITE (OR=1.073, 95%CI: 1.035-1.112), AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER RISK OF DNA METHYLATION AT THE NNAT CPG3 SITE (OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.914-0.968). THESE RESULTS REMAINED SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. WE CONCLUDE THAT DIETARY HABITS ARE LINKED TO SPERM EPIGENETIC OUTCOMES. IF CARRIED INTO THE NEXT GENERATION PATERNAL UNHEALTHY DIETARY PATTERNS MAY RESULT IN ADVERSE METABOLIC CONDITIONS AND INCREASED RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN OFFSPRING.	2021	
                                                                                                                    
2  3976  29 LONG-TERM DEFECTS OF NASAL EPITHELIUM BARRIER FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA POST CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CHRONIC AND RECURRENT UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION IS COMMON IN PATIENTS WITH NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (NPC) POST CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY (CRT). WHETHER IT IS DUE TO INTRINSIC (E.G., HOST-DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE EPITHELIUM), EPIGENETIC OR EXTRINSIC FACTORS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TISSUE BIOPSIES OF THE MIDDLE TURBINATE (MT) AND INFERIOR TURBINATE (IT) FROM NPC PATIENTS AFTER CRT (MEAN OF 3 YEARS, N = 39) WERE COMPARED WITH THE IT BIOPSIES FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS (N = 44). THE EPITHELIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE WAS EXAMINED BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM). MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS OF EPITHELIAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS MARKERS, AS WELL MARKERS OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION MARKERS WAS ANALYZED. RESULTS: ABNORMAL EPITHELIAL ARCHITECTURE WAS OBSERVED IN ALL TISSUE SAMPLES OF NPC PATIENTS. SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS FOR P63 (BASAL CELLS), KI67 (CELL PROLIFERATION), P63(+)/KRT5(+) (EPITHELIAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS), MUC5AC AND MUC5B (SECRETARY PROTEINS FROM GOBLET CELLS), ALPHA-TUBULIN, BETA-TUBULIN AND TAP73 (CILIATED CELLS), DNAH5 AND DNAI1 AND RSPH4A (MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLIES OF MOTILE CILIA), FOXJ1 AND CP110 (CILIOGENESIS-ASSOCIATED MARKERS) WERE EVIDENT IN MT AND IT BIOPSIES FROM NPC PATIENTS WHEN COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSION: CRT CAUSES LONG-TERM DEFECTS OF EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTIONS AND INCREASES THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THESE PATIENTS TO UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
3  1980  48 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR) IN SPERM OF RATS EXPOSED TO TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC). AS MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION IS INCREASING, RESEARCH REGARDING POSSIBLE LONG-TERM RISKS FOR USERS AND THEIR OFFSPRING IS NEEDED. LITTLE DATA EXISTS ON EFFECTS OF PATERNAL TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC) EXPOSURE PRIOR TO REPRODUCTION. THIS STUDY DETERMINED IF CHRONIC THC EXPOSURE ALTERS SPERM DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AND IF SUCH EFFECTS ARE INTERGENERATIONALLY TRANSMITTED. ADULT MALE RATS UNDERWENT ORAL GAVAGE WITH THC OR VEHICLE CONTROL. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED (DM) LOCI IN MOTILE SPERM WERE IDENTIFIED USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). ANOTHER COHORT WAS INJECTED WITH VEHICLE OR THC, AND SPERM DNAM WAS ANALYZED. FINALLY, THC-EXPOSED AND CONTROL ADULT MALE RATS WERE MATED WITH THC-NAIVE FEMALES. DNAM LEVELS OF TARGET GENES IN BRAIN TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING WERE DETERMINED BY PYROSEQUENCING. RRBS IDENTIFIED 2,940 DM CPGS MAPPING TO 627 GENES. SIGNIFICANT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS CONFIRMED (P < 0.05) FOLLOWING ORAL THC ADMINISTRATION FOR CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR), INVOLVED IN TOXIN PROCESSING AND DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT. POR HYPERMETHYLATION WAS NOT OBSERVED AFTER THC INJECTION OR IN THE SUBSEQUENT GENERATION. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT THAT THC ALTERS DNAM IN SPERM AND THAT ROUTE OF EXPOSURE CAN HAVE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS. ALTHOUGH WE DID NOT OBSERVE EVIDENCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF THE DNAM CHANGE, LARGER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO DEFINITIVELY EXCLUDE THIS POSSIBILITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
4  3300  42 HIGH-FAT DIET REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF RAT SPERMATOZOA AND TRANSGENERATIONALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF FAT CONSTITUTES AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS THAT LEADS TO METABOLIC DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) TRANSGENERATIONALLY REMODELS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA AND METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. METHODS: F0-MALE RATS FED EITHER HFD OR CHOW DIET FOR 12 WEEKS WERE MATED WITH CHOW-FED DAMS TO GENERATE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING. MOTILE SPERMATOZOA WERE ISOLATED FROM F0 AND F1 BREEDERS TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA (SNCRNA) EXPRESSION PATTERN BY DEEP SEQUENCING. RESULTS: NEWBORN OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS HAD REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AND PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. ADULT FEMALE, BUT NOT MALE, OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS WERE GLUCOSE INTOLERANT AND RESISTANT TO HFD-INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN. THIS PHENOTYPE WAS PERPETUATED IN THE F2 PROGENY, INDICATING TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA FROM HFD-FED F0 AND THEIR F1 MALE OFFSPRING SHOWED COMMON DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF SPERM MIRNA LET-7C WAS PASSED DOWN TO METABOLIC TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING, INDUCING A TRANSCRIPTOMIC SHIFT OF THE LET-7C PREDICTED TARGETS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO MECHANISMS BY WHICH HFD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERM CELLS, THEREBY AFFECTING METABOLIC TISSUES OF OFFSPRING THROUGHOUT TWO GENERATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  4691  77 NEWBORNS OF OBESE PARENTS HAVE ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AT IMPRINTED GENES. BACKGROUND: SEVERAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PERICONCEPTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND HEALTH STATUS OF THE OFFSPRING IN LATER LIFE. ALTHOUGH THESE ENVIRONMENTALLY RELATED EFFECTS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION SHIFTS AT IMPRINTED GENES, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PRECONCEPTIONAL OVERNUTRITION OR OBESITY. OBJECTIVE: WE EXAMINED PARENTAL PRECONCEPTIONAL OBESITY IN RELATION TO DNA METHYLATION PROFILES AT MULTIPLE HUMAN IMPRINTED GENES IMPORTANT IN NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS: MATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 3 (MEG3), MESODERM-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT (MEST), PATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 3 (PEG3), PLEIOMORPHIC ADENOMA GENE-LIKE 1 (PLAGL1), EPSILON SARCOGLYCAN AND PATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 10 (SGCE/PEG10) AND NEURONATIN (NNAT). METHODS: WE MEASURED METHYLATION PERCENTAGES AT THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) BY BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD LEUKOCYTES OF 92 NEWBORNS. PRECONCEPTIONAL OBESITY, DEFINED AS BMI ?30 KG M(-2), WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH STANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRES. RESULTS: AFTER ADJUSTING FOR POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS AND CLUSTER EFFECTS, PATERNAL OBESITY WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER METHYLATION LEVELS AT THE MEST (BETA=-2.57; S.E.=0.95; P=0.008), PEG3 (BETA=-1.71; S.E.=0.61; P=0.005) AND NNAT (BETA=-3.59; S.E.=1.76; P=0.04) DMRS. CHANGES RELATED TO MATERNAL OBESITY DETECTED AT OTHER LOCI WERE AS FOLLOWS: BETA-COEFFICIENT WAS +2.58 (S.E.=1.00; P=0.01) AT THE PLAGL1 DMR AND -3.42 (S.E.=1.69; P=0.04) AT THE MEG3 DMR. CONCLUSION: WE FOUND ALTERED METHYLATION OUTCOMES AT MULTIPLE IMPRINT REGULATORY REGIONS IN CHILDREN BORN TO OBESE PARENTS, COMPARED WITH CHILDREN BORN TO NON-OBESE PARENTS. IN SPITE OF THE SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, OUR DATA SUGGEST A PRECONCEPTIONAL INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL LIFE-STYLE OR OVERNUTRITION ON THE (RE)PROGRAMMING OF IMPRINT MARKS DURING GAMETOGENESIS AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT. MORE SPECIFICALLY, THE SIGNIFICANT AND INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATERNAL OBESITY AND THE OFFSPRING'S METHYLATION STATUS SUGGESTS THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE DEVELOPING SPERM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS. THE ACQUIRED IMPRINT INSTABILITY MAY BE CARRIED ONTO THE NEXT GENERATION AND INCREASE THE RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6  1521  57 DNA METHYLATION AT IMPRINT REGULATORY REGIONS IN PRETERM BIRTH AND INFECTION. OBJECTIVE: TO AID IN UNDERSTANDING LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS IN PRETERM BIRTH, WE EVALUATED DNA METHYLATION AT 9 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS THAT REGULATE IMPRINTED GENES BY TYPE OF PRETERM BIRTH (SPONTANEOUS PRETERM LABOR, PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES, OR MEDICALLY INDICATED [FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND PREECLAMPSIA]) AND INFECTION STATUS (CHORIOAMNIONITIS OR FUNISITIS). STUDY DESIGN: DATA ON TYPE OF PRETERM BIRTH AND INFECTION STATUS WERE ABSTRACTED FROM MEDICAL RECORDS AND STANDARDIZED PATHOLOGY REPORTS IN 73 PRETERM INFANTS ENROLLED IN THE NEWBORN EPIGENETICS STUDY, A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF MOTHER-INFANT DYADS IN DURHAM, NC. CORD BLOOD WAS COLLECTED AT BIRTH, AND INFANT DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT THE H19, IGF2, MEG3, MEST, SGCE/PEG10, PEG3, NNAT, AND PLAGL1 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WERE MEASURED USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. ONE-WAY ANALYSES OF VARIANCE AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS WERE USED TO COMPARE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS BY TYPE OF PRETERM BIRTH AND INFECTION STATUS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION LEVELS DID NOT DIFFER AT ANY OF THE REGIONS (P > .20) BETWEEN INFANTS BORN VIA SPONTANEOUS PRETERM LABOR (AVERAGE N = 29), PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (AVERAGE N = 17), OR MEDICALLY INDICATED PRETERM BIRTH (AVERAGE N = 40). LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AT PLAGL1 IN INFANTS WITH CHORIOAMNIONITIS (N = 10, 64.4%) COMPARED WITH INFANTS WITHOUT CHORIOAMNIONITIS (N = 63, 57.9%), P < .01. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE ALSO INCREASED AT PLAGL1 FOR INFANTS WITH FUNISITIS (N = 7, 63.3%) COMPARED WITH INFANTS WITHOUT FUNISITIS (N = 66, 58.3%), P < .05. CONCLUSION: DYSREGULATION OF PLAGL1 HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER. EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURES, INCLUDING INFECTION/INFLAMMATION, MAY AFFECT EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LATER CHRONIC DISEASE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
7  3785  26 INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LPS (PG LPS) ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY, AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE OFFSPRING. DESIGN: TO ACHIEVE PERIODONTITIS, PG LPS (5 MUG/KG) WAS INJECTED INTO THE GINGIVAL OF FIVE FEMALE RATS EVERY 48 H FOR THREE WEEKS. FIVE CONTROL FEMALE RATS RECEIVED SALINE (0.9 %) AND FIVE FEMALE WERE KEPT INTACT. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TNF-ALPHA AND IL-6 WERE MEASURED IN THE BLOOD SAMPLES. ONE WEEK AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION, FEMALES WERE MATED WITH INTACT MALES. FOLLOWING BIRTH AND WEANING, TWO MALE AND TWO FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM EACH MOTHER, AND NEW GROUPS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE DEFINED FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS. MORRIS WATER MAZE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SPATIAL MEMORY, SHUTTLE BOX WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND A PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE OFFSPRING. RESULTS: SPATIAL LEARNING AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE RATS, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. LATENCY TO REACH SEIZURE STAGES 1 AND 2 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, BUT NOT THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND IN LATENCY TO REACH STAGES 3-5. CONCLUSION: PRE-PREGNANCY EXPOSURE TO PG LPS COULD AFFECT SOME BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING INTERGENERATIONALLY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  3192  26 HDAC INHIBITION COUNTERACTS METASTATIC RE-ACTIVATION OF PROSTATE CANCER CELLS INDUCED BY CHRONIC MTOR SUPPRESSION. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION MIGHT CIRCUMVENT RESISTANCE TOWARDS THE MECHANISTIC TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR) INHIBITOR TEMSIROLIMUS IN A PROSTATE CANCER CELL MODEL. PARENTAL (PAR) AND TEMSIROLIMUS-RESISTANT (RES) PC3 PROSTATE CANCER CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO THE HDAC INHIBITOR VALPROIC ACID (VPA), AND TUMOR CELL ADHESION, CHEMOTAXIS, MIGRATION, AND INVASION WERE EVALUATED. TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE WAS CHARACTERIZED BY REDUCED BINDING OF PC3(RES) CELLS TO ENDOTHELIUM, IMMOBILIZED COLLAGEN, AND FIBRONECTIN, BUT INCREASED ADHESION TO LAMININ, AS COMPARED TO THE PARENTAL CELLS. CHEMOTAXIS, MIGRATION, AND INVASION OF PC3(RES) CELLS WERE ENHANCED FOLLOWING TEMSIROLIMUS RE-TREATMENT. INTEGRIN ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTORS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN PC3(RES) COMPARED TO PC3(PAR) CELLS. VPA SIGNIFICANTLY COUNTERACTED TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE BY DOWN-REGULATING TUMOR CELL(-)MATRIX INTERACTION, CHEMOTAXIS, AND MIGRATION. EVALUATION OF INTEGRIN EXPRESSION IN THE PRESENCE OF VPA REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT DOWN-REGULATION OF INTEGRIN ALPHA5 IN PC3(RES) CELLS. BLOCKING STUDIES DEMONSTRATED A CLOSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALPHA5 EXPRESSION ON PC3(RES) AND CHEMOTAXIS. IN THIS IN VITRO MODEL, TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE DROVE PROSTATE CANCER CELLS TO BECOME HIGHLY MOTILE, WHILE HDAC INHIBITION REVERSED THE METASTATIC ACTIVITY. THE VPA-INDUCED INHIBITION OF METASTATIC ACTIVITY WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A LOWERED INTEGRIN ALPHA5 SURFACE LEVEL ON THE TUMOR CELLS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9   518  60 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY, BIRTH WEIGHT AND ABERRANT METHYLATION AT IMPRINTED GENES AMONG OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE II DIABETES AND SOME CANCERS. THE ETIOLOGY OF LBW IS MULTI-FACTORIAL. HOWEVER, RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS MAY ALSO INCREASE THE RISK OF LBW. THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THIS ASSOCIATION ARE UNKNOWN, ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE HYPOTHESIZED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE AND LBW AND EXAMINED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION THAT CONTROLS GROWTH REGULATORY IMPRINTED GENES IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS. METHODS: BETWEEN 2009-2011, 397 PREGNANT WOMEN WERE ENROLLED AND FOLLOWED UNTIL DELIVERY. PRENATAL ANTIBIOTIC USE WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH MATERNAL SELF-REPORT. IMPRINTED GENES METHYLATION LEVELS WERE MEASURED AT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WERE USED TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG ANTIBIOTIC USE, BIRTH WEIGHT AND DMR METHYLATION FRACTIONS. RESULTS: AFTER ADJUSTING FOR INFANT GENDER, RACE/ETHNICITY, MATERNAL BODY MASS INDEX, DELIVERY ROUTE, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DELIVERY, FOLIC ACID INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MATERNAL SMOKING AND PARITY, ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING PREGNANCY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 138 G LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT COMPARED WITH NON-ANTIBIOTIC USE (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-132.99, S.E.=50.70, P=0.008). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE STRONGEST IN NEWBORNS OF WOMEN WHO REPORTED ANTIBIOTIC USE OTHER THAN PENICILLINS (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-135.57, S.E.=57.38, P=0.02). METHYLATION AT FIVE DMRS, IGF2 (P=0.05), H19 (P=0.15), PLAGL1 (P=0.01), MEG3 (P=0.006) AND PEG3 (P=0.08), WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE; AMONG THESE, ONLY METHYLATION AT THE PLAGL1 DMR WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH BIRTH WEIGHT. CONCLUSION: WE REPORT AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND LOWER INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND PROVIDE THE FIRST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IMPRINTED GENE PLASTICITY IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  4081  36 MATERNAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION SUPPRESSES T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN F1 MICE. PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING LATE-LIFE CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS LINKING THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN THE OFFSPRING ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HAVE CONFIRMED A CENTRAL PATHOGENIC ROLE OF T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS, PARTICULARLY C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR (CCR) 2 AND CCR5, IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC PRENATAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION (MS) DIET RICH IN METHIONINE PATHWAY METABOLITES ON THE T CELL CHEMOKINE SYSTEM IN F1 C57BL/6 MICE. FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER AN MS OR CONTROL DIET 3 WK PRIOR TO MATING, DURING PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION. AT 4 WK OF AGE, F1 MICE WERE KILLED FOR EXPERIMENTS OR WERE FED THE STANDARD NIH-31 DIET AND ALLOWED TO AGE. FOOD CONSUMPTION, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND LITTER SIZE WERE SIMILAR IN DAMS FED THE CONTROL AND MS DIETS. HOWEVER, THE F1 OFFSPRING OF DAMS FED THE MS DIET WERE SMALLER IN SIZE (P < 0.001). T CELLS FROM THE MS F1 OFFSPRING HAD GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL F1 OFFSPRING (P < 0.005), CORRESPONDING TO LOWER T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION [CCR2 (P < 0.001), CCR5 (P < 0.001), AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 3 (P < 0.01)] AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION [TNFALPHA (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.001), AND IL-4 (P < 0.01)]. REDUCED T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN MS F1 MICE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED CHEMOTAXIS IN VITRO TO C-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND (CCL) 2 AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND 10 (P < 0.01) AND IN VIVO TO CCL2 (P < 0.01). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH PRENATAL DIET MANIPULATION REDUCES THE RESPONSE TO PROINFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN MICE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  3460  36 HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE IL8 PROMOTER IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: IL-8 IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOKINE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IL8 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRS. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER AND CRS IN HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS. METHODS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP; N = 187), PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS (CRSSNP; N = 89), AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (N = 57) WERE ENROLLED IN 2 INDEPENDENT COHORTS. PURIFIED HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM EACH PARTICIPANT WERE ASSESSED FOR PERCENTAGE DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER BY USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METHYLATION STATUS BY USING IN VITRO ASSAYS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES 1, 2, AND 3, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CRSSNP (P < .001) AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (P < .001). PERCENTAGE OF DNA METHYLATION OF THE CPG3 SITE WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH BOTH TISSUE EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN (P < .01) AND MYELOPEROXIDASE (P < .05) LEVELS. IL-1BETA (P < .001) AND TNF-ALPHA (P < .01) SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IL8 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY A REDUCTION IN METHYLATION AT THE CPG3 SITE (P < .001). ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAYS DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG3 CHANGED THE BINDING OF OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB. CONCLUSION: DECREASED DNA METHYLATION OF PARTICULARLY CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRSWNP.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  4077  32 MATERNAL INFLAMMATION INDUCES SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF MICE VIA SEX-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. MOUNTING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN AGING-ASSOCIATED COGNITIVE DECLINE (AACD) AND CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING OVER MULTIPLE GENERATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STRESS. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SUB-CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ON AACD AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL MICE AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL SEX SPECIFICITY OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. IN BRIEF, F0-GENERATION CD-1 DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO LPS (50 MICROG/KG) OR SALINE (CON) DURING LATE PREGNANCY. SUBSEQUENTLY, F1 MALES AND FEMALES (AT 2 MONTHS-OF-AGE) FROM THE LPS TREATMENT GROUP WERE MATED WITH NON-LITTERMATES FROM THE LPS GROUP OR WILD-TYPE MICE TO PRODUCE F2 GENERATIONS OF PARENTAL- (F2-LPS(2)), PATERNAL- (F2M-LPS(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-LPS(1)) MICE. THEN, CON-F1 MALES AND FEMALES WERE MATED WITH WILD-TYPE MICE TO GENERATE F2 GENERATIONS OF PATERNAL- (F2M-CON(1)) AND MATERNAL-ORIGIN (F2F-CON(1)). NEXT, WE EVALUATED THE COGNITIVE ABILITY AND LEVELS OF HIPPOCAMPAL H4K12AC AND H3K9ME3 IN THE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING AT 3- AND 13 MONTHS-OF-AGE. OVERALL, F1 MALE AND FEMALE LPS GROUPS PRESENTED WITH ELEVATED CORTICOSTERONE (P < 0.001, P = 0.036, P = 0.025, 0.012, RESPECTIVELY) AND CYTOKINE RESPONSES, POORER COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05) AND H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS (ALL P < 0.05); THESE ISSUES WERE CARRIED OVER TO THE F2 GENERATION VIA THE PARENTS, PREDOMINANTLY IN THE PATERNAL LINEAGE. MOREOVER, THE LEVELS OF H3K9ME3 AND H4K12AC WERE SIGNIFICANT CORRELATED WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (ALL P < 0.05), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER INFLAMMATORY INSULTS HAD BEEN INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. THESE FINDINGS INDICATED THAT GESTATIONAL INFLAMMATORY INSULTS IN THE F0 GENERATION ACCELERATED AACD IN THE F2 GENERATION, ALONG WITH H3K9 HYPERMETHYLATION AND H4K12 HYPOACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND THAT THESE ISSUES WERE DERIVED FROM THE F1 PARENTS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE F1 FATHERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  6491  48 TRAFFIC-DERIVED PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE AND HISTONE H3 MODIFICATION: A REPEATED MEASURES STUDY. BACKGROUND: AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) MAY INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT POTENTIALLY LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASES. HISTONE MODIFICATIONS REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION BY INFLUENCING CHROMATIN STRUCTURE THAT CAN CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION STATUS. WE EVALUATED WHETHER TRAFFIC-DERIVED PM EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH FOUR TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCIBLE GLOBAL HISTONE H3 MODIFICATIONS. METHODS: THE BEIJING TRUCK DRIVER AIR POLLUTION STUDY INCLUDED 60 TRUCK DRIVERS AND 60 OFFICE WORKERS EXAMINED TWICE, 1-2 WEEKS APART, FOR AMBIENT PM(10) (BOTH DAY-OF AND 14-DAY AVERAGE EXPOSURES), PERSONAL PM(2.5), BLACK CARBON (BC), AND ELEMENTAL COMPONENTS (POTASSIUM, SULFUR, IRON, SILICON, ALUMINUM, ZINC, CALCIUM, AND TITANIUM). FOR BOTH PM(10) MEASURES, WE OBTAINED HOURLY AMBIENT PM(10) DATA FOR THE STUDY PERIOD FROM THE BEIJING MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL BUREAU'S 27 REPRESENTATIVELY DISTRIBUTED MONITORING STATIONS. WE THEN CALCULATED A 24H AVERAGE FOR EACH EXAMINATION DAY AND A MOVING AVERAGE OF AMBIENT PM(10) MEASURED IN THE 14 DAYS PRIOR TO EACH EXAMINATION. EXAMINATIONS MEASURED GLOBAL LEVELS OF H3 LYSINE 9 ACETYLATION (H3K9AC), H3 LYSINE 9 TRI-METHYLATION (H3K9ME3), H3 LYSINE 27 TRI-METHYLATION (H3K27ME3), AND H3 LYSINE 36 TRI-METHYLATION (H3K36ME3) IN BLOOD LEUKOCYTES COLLECTED AFTER WORK. WE USED ADJUSTED LINEAR MIXED-EFFECT MODELS TO EXAMINE PERCENT CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS PER EACH MUG/M(3) INCREASE IN PM EXPOSURE. RESULTS: IN ALL PARTICIPANTS EACH MUG/M(3) INCREASE IN 14-DAY AVERAGE AMBIENT PM(10) EXPOSURE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER H3K27ME3 (BETA=-1.1%, 95% CI: -1.6, -0.6) AND H3K36ME3 LEVELS (BETA=-0.8%, 95% CI: -1.4, -0.1). OCCUPATION-STRATIFIED ANALYSES SHOWED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BC AND BOTH H3K9AC AND H3K36ME3 THAT WERE STRONGER IN OFFICE WORKERS (BETA=4.6%, 95% CI: 0.9, 8.4; AND BETA=4.1%, 95% CI: 1.3; 7.0 RESPECTIVELY) THAN IN TRUCK DRIVERS (BETA=0.1%, 95% CI: -1.3, 1.5; AND BETA=0.9%, 95% CI: -0.9, 2.7, RESPECTIVELY; BOTH P(INTERACTION) <0.05). SEX-STRATIFIED ANALYSES SHOWED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EXAMINATION-DAY PM(10) AND H3K9AC, AND BETWEEN BC AND H3K9ME3, WERE STRONGER IN WOMEN (BETA=10.7%, 95% CI: 5.4, 16.2; AND BETA=7.5%, 95% CI: 1.2, 14.2, RESPECTIVELY) THAN IN MEN (BETA=1.4%, 95% CI: -0.9, 3.7; AND BETA=0.9%, 95% CI: -0.9, 2.7, RESPECTIVELY; BOTH P(INTERACTION) <0.05). WE OBSERVED NO ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PERSONAL PM(2.5) OR ELEMENTAL COMPONENTS AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST A POSSIBLE ROLE OF GLOBAL HISTONE H3 MODIFICATIONS IN EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC-DERIVED PM EXPOSURES, PARTICULARLY BC EXPOSURE. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD ASSESS THE ROLES OF THESE MODIFICATIONS IN HUMAN DISEASES AND AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS OF AIR POLLUTION-INDUCED DISEASE, IN PARTICULAR BC EXPOSURE.	2017	

14  4349  42 MIR-155 AND MIR-122 EXPRESSION OF SPERMATOZOA IN OBESE SUBJECTS. OBESITY IS CHARACTERIZED BY MILD CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT IS LINKED WITH IMPAIRED IRON HOMEOSTASIS. STUDIES IN HUMAN AND MURINE SHOW THAT THERE IS A TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE VIA THE GAMETES IN OBESITY; HOWEVER, THERE IS LITTLE INFORMATION ON CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RELATED TO INFLAMMATION AND IRON HOMEOSTASIS IN SPERMATOZOA FROM OBESE SUBJECTS. THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RELATED TO INFLAMMATION (MIR-21 Y MIR-155) AND IRON NUTRITION (MIR-122 AND MIR-200B) IN PLASMA, PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) AND SPERMATOZOA FROM NORMOZOOSPERMIC CONTROLS (CN; N = 17; BMI: 24.6 +/- 2.0) AND OBESE (OB; N = 17; BMI: 32.6 +/- 4.4) MEN. TO DETERMINE THE INFLAMMATION LEVELS, WE MEASURED IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP1) BY MAGNETIC LUMINEX((R)) ASSAY. MRNA EXPRESSION OF IL6, TNF-ALPHA, AND HEPCIDIN (HAMP) IN PBMC WERE EVALUATED BY RT-QPCR. THE ANALYSIS OF MICRORNAS WAS PERFORMED USING THE TAQMAN((R)) ASSAYS. THE IRON CONTENT IN PBMC, SEMINAL PLASMA, AND SPERMATOZOA WAS DETERMINED BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS). HIGH SERUM IL6, TNF-ALPHA, AND MCP1 LEVELS WERE OBSERVED IN OB GROUP (P < 0.05). GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED AN INCREASED ABUNDANCE RELATIVE OF TNF-ALPHA (P = 0.018), HAMP (P = 0.03), AND IL6 (P = 0.02) IN PBMC FROM OBESE SUBJECTS. ALSO, WE OBSERVED HIGH LEVELS OF SERUM FERRITIN (P = 0.03), IRON CONTENT IN SEMINAL PLASMA (P = 0.04), AND SPERMATOZOA (P = 0.002), BUT LOWER SERUM FE (P = 0.007) IN OBESE SUBJECTS. IN THE OB GROUP, A HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-155 (P = 0.02) AND MIR-21 (P = 0.03) WAS OBSERVED IN PBMC AND MIR-122 (P = 0.03) IN PLASMA. IN SPERM, BOTH MIR-155 (P = 0.004) AND MIR-122 (P = 0.028) WERE HIGH IN THE OB GROUP. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT OBESE SUBJECTS HAVE INCREASED EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-155 AND MIR-122, TWO MICRORNAS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY RELATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND IRON METABOLISM, RESPECTIVELY, AT BOTH THE SYSTEMIC AND SPERM LEVELS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  4010  48 LOW MATERNAL ADHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASE IN METHYLATION AT THE MEG3-IG DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION IN FEMALE INFANTS. DIET IS DICTATED BY THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT, AS FOOD ACCESS AND AVAILABILITY MAY CHANGE DEPENDING ON WHERE ONE LIVES. MATERNAL DIET DURING PREGNANCY IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT, AND MAY AFFECT THE EPIGENOME. STUDIES LOOKING AT OVERALL DIET PATTERN IN RELATION TO DNA METHYLATION HAVE BEEN LACKING. THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS KNOWN FOR ITS HEALTH BENEFITS, INCLUDING DECREASED INFLAMMATION, WEIGHT LOSS, AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS STUDY ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ADHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET PATTERN DURING PREGNANCY AND INFANT DNA METHYLATION AT BIRTH. MEDITERRANEAN DIET ADHERENCE IN EARLY PREGNANCY WAS MEASURED IN 390 WOMEN ENROLLED IN THE NEWBORN EPIGENETIC STUDY, AND DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED IN THEIR INFANTS AT BIRTH. MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION WAS USED TO ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND INFANT METHYLATION AT THE MEG3, MEG3-IG, PLEIOMORPHIC ADENOMA GENE-LIKE 1, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 GENE, H19, MESODERM-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT, NEURONATIN, PATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 3, SARCOGLYCAN AND PATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 10 REGIONS, MEASURED BY PYROSEQUENCING. INFANTS OF MOTHERS WITH A LOW ADHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET HAD A GREATER ODDS OF HYPO-METHYLATION AT THE MEG3-IG DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION (DMR). SEX-STRATIFIED MODELS SHOWED THAT THIS ASSOCIATION WAS PRESENT IN GIRLS ONLY. THIS STUDY PROVIDES EARLY EVIDENCE ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OVERALL DIET PATTERN AND METHYLATION AT THE 9 DMRS INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY, AND SUGGESTS THAT MATERNAL DIET CAN HAVE A SEX-SPECIFIC IMPACT ON INFANT DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC IMPRINTED DMRS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  4924  33 PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE CONFERS OFFSPRING HYPOXIA RESISTANCE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO). PARENTAL INFLUENCES ARE A POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSFER OF PHENOTYPE IN VERTEBRATES. THIS STUDY EXAMINED HOW CHRONIC HYPOXIC EXPOSURE ON ADULT ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AFFECTED THE PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING. SEPARATE ADULT POPULATIONS WERE EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA (13.1 KPA O(2)) OR NORMOXIA (21.1 KPA O(2)) FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 1 TO 12 WEEKS. ADULTS WERE THEN RETURNED TO NORMOXIA AND BRED WITHIN EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. ADULT FECUNDITY AND EGG CHARACTERISTICS (VOLUME OF EGG, YOLK AND PERIVITELLINE FLUID) WERE ASSESSED. SUBSEQUENTLY, LARVAL BODY LENGTH, TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (~4 KPA O(2)), AND CRITICAL THERMAL MINIMA (CT(MIN)) AND MAXIMA (CT(MAX)) WERE MEASURED AT 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 AND 60 DAYS POST-FERTILIZATION (D.P.F.). ADULT FECUNDITY WAS DEPRESSED BY HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. EGG COMPONENT VOLUMES WERE ALSO DEPRESSED IN ADULTS EXPOSED TO 1-2 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA, BUT RETURNED TO CONTROL LEVELS FOLLOWING LONGER HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. ADULT HYPOXIC EXPOSURES OF >1 WEEK RESULTED IN LONGER BODY LENGTHS IN THEIR LARVAL OFFSPRING. TIME TO LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN SEVERE HYPOXIA (I.E. HYPOXIC RESISTANCE) IN CONTROL LARVAE DECREASED FROM 6 TO 12 D.P.F., REMAINING CONSTANT THEREAFTER. NOTABLY, HYPOXIC RESISTANCE FROM 6 TO 18 D.P.F. WAS ~15% LOWER IN LARVAE WHOSE PARENTS WERE EXPOSED TO JUST 1 WEEK OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA, BUT RESISTANCE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY ~24-30% IN 6-18 D.P.F. LARVAE FROM ADULTS EXPOSED TO 2, 3 OR 4 WEEKS OF HYPOXIA. CT(MIN) (~10-12 DEGREES C) AND CT(MAX) (~39.5 DEGREES C) WERE UNCHANGED BY PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PARENTAL HYPOXIC EXPOSURE IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH HAS PROFOUND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF THEIR OFFSPRING.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17   286  39 AGING AND ALCOHOL INTERACT TO ALTER HEPATIC DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION. BACKGROUND: AGING AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ARE BOTH MODIFIERS OF DNA METHYLATION, BUT IT IS NOT YET KNOWN WHETHER CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ALSO ALTERS DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, A NEWLY DISCOVERED EPIGENETIC MARK PRODUCED BY OXIDATION OF METHYLCYTOSINE. FURTHERMORE, IT HAS NOT BEEN TESTED WHETHER AGING AND ALCOHOL INTERACT TO MODIFY THIS EPIGENETIC PHENOMENON, THEREBY HAVING AN INDEPENDENT EFFECT ON GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: OLD (18 MONTHS) AND YOUNG (4 MONTHS) MALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE PAIR-FED EITHER A LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID DIET WITH ALCOHOL (18% OF ENERGY) OR AN ISOCALORIC LIEBER-DECARLI CONTROL DIET FOR 5 WEEKS. GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION WERE ANALYZED FROM HEPATIC DNA USING A NEW LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD. HEPATIC MRNA EXPRESSION OF THE TET ENZYMES WERE MEASURED VIA QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: IN YOUNG MICE, MILD CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL MICE (0.22 +/- 0.01 VS. 0.29 +/- 0.06%, P = 0.004). ALCOHOL DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE LEVELS IN OLD MICE. OLD MICE FED THE CONTROL DIET SHOWED DECREASED GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH YOUNG MICE FED THE CONTROL DIET (0.24 +/- 0.02 VS. 0.29 +/- 0.06%, P = 0.04). THIS MODEL SUGGESTS AN INTERACTION BETWEEN AGING AND ALCOHOL IN DETERMINING DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION (PINTERACTION = 0.009). EXPRESSION OF TET2 AND TET3 WAS DECREASED IN THE OLD MICE RELATIVE TO THE YOUNG (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: THE OBSERVATION THAT ALCOHOL ALTERS DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION INDICATES A NEW EPIGENETIC EFFECT OF ALCOHOL. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY DEMONSTRATING THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND AGING ON DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  3783  42 INTERFERON-GAMMA PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION AND INCREASED EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. AIM: THE GOAL OF THIS INVESTIGATION WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE IFNG PROMOTER ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM GINGIVAL BIOPSY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM 47 TOTAL SITES FROM 47 DIFFERENT SUBJECTS: 23 PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SITES, 12 EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SITES AND 12 CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS SITES. LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER CONTAINING SIX CPG DINUCLEOTIDES WERE DETERMINED USING PYROSEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY. INTERFERON GAMMA MRNA EXPRESSION WAS ANALYSED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS USING ISOLATED RNA FROM PART OF THE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES MENTIONED ABOVE. RESULTS: THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF ALL SIX ANALYSED CPG SITES WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER REGION IN THE PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES 52% [INTERQUARTILE RANGE, IQR (43.8%, 63%)] WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES 62% [IQR (51.3%, 74%)], P=0.007 AND GINGIVITIS BIOPSIES 63% [IQR (55%, 74%)], P=0.02. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL OF IFNG IN PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES WAS 1.96-FOLD AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN TISSUES WITH PERIODONTAL HEALTH (P=0.04). ALTHOUGH THE MRNA LEVEL FROM EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLES EXHIBITED AN 8.5-FOLD INCREASE AS COMPARED WITH PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES, NO SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLE. CONCLUSIONS: A HYPOMETHYLATION PROFILE WITHIN IFNG PROMOTER REGION IS RELATED TO AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION PRESENT IN THE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES, WHILE SUCH AN INCREASE OF IFNG IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SEEMS INDEPENDENT OF PROMOTER METHYLATION ALTERATION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  6089  53 THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION AND USE OF ANTIDEPRESSIVE MEDICINES DURING PREGNANCY ON THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE IGF2 IMPRINTED CONTROL REGIONS IN THE OFFSPRING. IN UTERO EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY RESULT IN PERSISTENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AFFECTING NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES IN LATER LIFE. WE EXPLORED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURE OF THE GROWING FETUS TO MATERNAL DEPRESSION OR ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND DNA METHYLATION AT TWO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) OF THE IMPRINTED INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 (IGF2) GENE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION AT THE IGF2 AND NEIGHBORING H19 DMRS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DEREGULATED IGF2 EXPRESSION, CHILDHOOD CANCERS AND SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES DURING ADULTHOOD. OUR STUDY POPULATION IS COMPRISED OF PREGNANT MOTHERS AND THEIR NEWBORNS (N = 436), AS PART OF THE NEWBORN EPIGENETICS STUDY (NEST). A STANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRE WAS COMPLETED AND MEDICAL RECORD DATA WERE ABSTRACTED TO ASCERTAIN MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSIVE DRUG USE. DMR METHYLATION LEVELS IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD LEUKOCYTES WERE QUANTIFIED USING PYROSEQUENCING. FROM THE 436 NEWBORNS, LABORATORY DATA WERE OBTAINED FOR 356 INDIVIDUALS AT THE IGF2 DMRS, AND FOR 411 INDIVIDUALS AT THE H19 DMRS; ABOUT HALF OF EACH GROUP WAS AFRICAN AMERICAN OR CAUCASIAN. WHILE OVERALL NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND METHYLATION PROFILES WAS FOUND, WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE H19 DMRS IN NEWBORNS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN (N = 177) BUT NOT CAUCASIAN (N = 168) MOTHERS WHO REPORTED THE USE OF ANTIDEPRESSIVE DRUGS DURING PREGNANCY (BETA = +6.89, P = 0.01). OF NOTE, OUR DATA REVEAL A RACE-INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY AND METHYLATION AT THE IGF2 DMR (+3.05%, P = 0.01). IN CONCLUSION, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST A RACE-DEPENDENT RESPONSE RELATED TO MATERNAL USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS AT ONE OF THE IGF2 DMRS IN THE OFFSPRING.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20  2903  59 GENDER-SPECIFIC METHYLATION DIFFERENCES IN RELATION TO PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS MAY MECHANISTICALLY EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF ADULT DISEASE, NAMELY THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MANY COMPLEX ADULT CHRONIC DISEASES ORIGINATE AS A RESULT OF CONDITIONS ENCOUNTERED IN UTERO. IF TRUE, EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED IMPRINTED GENES, CRITICAL TO NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, MAY PARTIALLY MEDIATE THESE OUTCOMES. WE DETERMINED THE INFLUENCE OF IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKING ON METHYLATION AT TWO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) REGULATING INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 (IGF2) AND H19, AND HOW THIS MIGHT RELATE TO BIRTH WEIGHT OF INFANTS BORN TO 418 PREGNANT WOMEN. SMOKING STATUS WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH SELF-REPORT AND MEDICAL RECORDS. BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING WAS USED TO MEASURE METHYLATION IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD DNAS. LEAST SQUARES DNA METHYLATION MEANS AT EACH DMR AND BIRTH WEIGHT WERE COMPARED BETWEEN INFANTS OF SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS, USING GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS. WHILE THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AT THE H19 DMR, INFANTS BORN TO SMOKERS HAD HIGHER METHYLATION AT THE IGF2 DMR THAN THOSE BORN TO NEVER SMOKERS OR THOSE WHO QUIT DURING PREGNANCY (49.5%, SD=8.0 VERSUS 46.6%, SD=5.6 AND 45.8%, SD=6.3, RESPECTIVELY; P=0.0002). THE SMOKING-RELATED INCREASE IN METHYLATION WAS MOST PRONOUNCED IN MALE OFFSPRING (P FOR SEX INTERACTION=0.03), FOR WHOM APPROXIMATELY 20% OF SMOKING-RELATED LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WAS MEDIATED BY DNA METHYLATION AT THE IGF2 DMR. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT IGF2 DMR PLASTICITY IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM BY WHICH IN UTERO ADJUSTMENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS ARE CONFERRED. LARGER STUDIES TO REPLICATE THESE FINDINGS ARE REQUIRED.	2012