1  1124 38 COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS STRAIN CCRI-195ME, ISOLATED FROM THE MIDDLE EAR. MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS AN IMPORTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGEN THAT CAUSES OTITIS MEDIA AND EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. HERE, WE REPORT THE COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF M. CATARRHALIS STRAIN CCRI-195ME, WHICH CONTAINS THE PHASE-VARIABLE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR MODM3.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2  4395 29 MODM DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE METHYLOME ANALYSIS REVEALS A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS PHASEVARIONS IN OTITIS MEDIA. MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS A SIGNIFICANT CAUSE OF OTITIS MEDIA AND EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. HERE, WE CHARACTERIZE A PHASE-VARIABLE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (MODM), WHICH CONTAINS 5'-CAAC-3' REPEATS IN ITS OPEN READING FRAME THAT MEDIATE HIGH-FREQUENCY MUTATION RESULTING IN REVERSIBLE ON/OFF SWITCHING OF MODM EXPRESSION. THREE MODM ALLELES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED (MODM1-3), WITH MODM2 BEING THE MOST COMMONLY FOUND ALLELE. USING SINGLE-MOLECULE, REAL-TIME (SMRT) GENOME SEQUENCING AND METHYLOME ANALYSIS, WE HAVE DETERMINED THAT THE MODM2 METHYLATION TARGET IS 5'-GAR(M6)AC-3', AND 100% OF THESE SITES ARE METHYLATED IN THE GENOME OF THE M. CATARRHALIS 25239 MODM2 ON STRAIN. PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF MODM2 ON AND OFF VARIANTS REVEALED THAT MODM2 REGULATES EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE GENES THAT HAVE POTENTIAL ROLES IN COLONIZATION, INFECTION, AND PROTECTION AGAINST HOST DEFENSES. INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MODM ALLELES IN A PANEL OF M. CATARRHALIS STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM THE NASOPHARYNX OF HEALTHY CHILDREN OR MIDDLE EAR EFFUSIONS FROM PATIENTS WITH OTITIS MEDIA, REVEALED A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF MODM3 WITH OTITIS MEDIA ISOLATES. THE MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION VIA THE MODM PHASE-VARIABLE REGULON (PHASEVARION), AND THE SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF THE MODM3 ALLELE WITH OTITIS MEDIA, SUGGESTS A KEY ROLE FOR MODM PHASEVARIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THIS ORGANISM.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  6261 31 THE MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS PHASE-VARIABLE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE MODM3 IS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT AFFECTS BACTERIAL SURVIVAL IN AN IN VIVO MODEL OF OTITIS MEDIA. BACKGROUND: MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS A LEADING CAUSE OF OTITIS MEDIA (OM) AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). M. CATARRHALIS CONTAINS A TYPE III DNA ADENINE METHYLTRANSFERASE (MODM) THAT IS PHASE-VARIABLY EXPRESSED (I.E., ITS EXPRESSION IS SUBJECT TO RANDOM, REVERSIBLE ON/OFF SWITCHING). MODM HAS SIX TARGET RECOGNITION DOMAIN ALLELES (MODM1-6), AND WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT MODM2 IS THE PREDOMINANT ALLELE, WHILE MODM3 IS ASSOCIATED WITH OM. PHASE-VARIABLE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES MEDIATE EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND MODULATE PATHOGENESIS IN SEVERAL BACTERIA. MODM2 OF M. CATARRHALIS REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF A PHASEVARION CONTAINING GENES IMPORTANT FOR COLONIZATION AND INFECTION. HERE WE DESCRIBE THE PHASE-VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF MODM3, THE MODM3 METHYLATION SITE AND THE SUITE OF GENES REGULATED WITHIN THE MODM3 PHASEVARION. RESULTS: PHASE-VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF MODM3, MEDIATED BY VARIATION IN LENGTH OF A 5'-(CAAC)(N)-3' TETRANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT TRACT IN THE OPEN READING FRAME WAS DEMONSTRATED IN M. CATARRHALIS STRAIN CCRI-195ME WITH GENESCAN FRAGMENT LENGTH ANALYSIS AND WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT. WE DETERMINED THAT MODM3 IS AN ACTIVE N6-ADENINE METHYLTRANSFERASE THAT METHYLATES THE SEQUENCE 5'-AC(M6)ATC-3'. METHYLATION WAS DETECTED AT ALL 4446 5'-ACATC-3' SITES IN THE GENOME WHEN MODM3 IS EXPRESSED. RNASEQ ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 31 GENES THAT ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN MODM3 ON AND OFF VARIANTS, INCLUDING FIVE GENES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE RESPONSE TO OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS, WITH POTENTIAL ROLES IN BIOFILM FORMATION AND SURVIVAL IN ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENTS. AN IN VIVO CHINCHILLA (CHINCHILLA LANIGERA) MODEL OF OTITIS MEDIA DEMONSTRATED THAT TRANSBULLAR CHALLENGE WITH THE MODM3 OFF VARIANT RESULTED IN AN INCREASED MIDDLE EAR BACTERIAL LOAD COMPARED TO A MODM3 ON VARIANT. IN ADDITION, CO-INFECTION EXPERIMENTS WITH NTHI AND M. CATARRHALIS MODM3 ON OR MODM3 OFF VARIANTS REVEALED THAT PHASE VARIATION OF MODM3 ALTERED SURVIVAL OF NTHI IN THE MIDDLE EAR DURING EARLY AND LATE STAGE INFECTION. CONCLUSIONS: PHASE VARIATION OF MODM3 EPIGENETICALLY REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF A PHASEVARION CONTAINING MULTIPLE GENES THAT ARE POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT IN THE PROGRESSION OF OTITIS MEDIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  4494 28 MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION SYSTEMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGE AND DISEASE. MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS A HUMAN-ADAPTED PATHOGEN, AND A MAJOR CAUSE OF OTITIS MEDIA (OM) AND EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. THE SPECIES IS COMPRISED OF TWO MAIN PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGES, RB1 AND RB2/3. RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION (R-M) SYSTEMS ARE AMONG THE FEW LINEAGE-ASSOCIATED GENES IDENTIFIED IN OTHER BACTERIAL GENERA AND HAVE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS INCLUDING DEFENSE AGAINST FOREIGN INVADING DNA, MAINTENANCE OF SPECIATION, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. HERE, WE DEFINE THE REPERTOIRE OF R-M SYSTEMS IN 51 PUBLICLY AVAILABLE M. CATARRHALIS GENOMES AND REPORT THEIR DISTRIBUTION AMONG M. CATARRHALIS PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGES. AN ASSOCIATION WITH PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGE (RB1 OR RB2/3) WAS OBSERVED FOR SIX R-M SYSTEMS, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE LINEAGES BY RESTRICTING DNA TRANSFORMATION. IN ADDITION, WE OBSERVED A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE TYPE I R-M SYSTEM AND A TYPE III R-M SYSTEM AT A SINGLE LOCUS CONSERVED THROUGHOUT A GEOGRAPHICALLY AND CLINICALLY DIVERSE SET OF M. CATARRHALIS ISOLATES. THE TYPE III R-M SYSTEM AT THIS LOCUS CONTAINS THE PHASE-VARIABLE TYPE III DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE, MODM, WHICH CONTROLS A PHASEVARION (PHASE-VARIABLE REGULON). WE OBSERVED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MODM PRESENCE AND OM-ASSOCIATED MIDDLE EAR ISOLATES, INDICATING A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR MODM-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN OM PATHOBIOLOGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  1080 29 CLOSED COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES OF TWO NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE STRAINS CONTAINING NOVEL MODA ALLELES FROM THE SPUTUM OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (NTHI) IS AN IMPORTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGEN THAT CAUSES OTITIS MEDIA AND EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). HERE, WE REPORT THE COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES OF NTHI STRAINS 10P129H1 AND 84P36H1, ISOLATED FROM COPD PATIENTS, WHICH CONTAIN THE PHASE-VARIABLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORS MODA15 AND MODA18, RESPECTIVELY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  4718 24 NON-TYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE CONTAIN NEW PHASE-VARIABLE MODA METHYLTRANSFERASE ALLELES CONTROLLING PHASEVARIONS. PHASEVARIONS (PHASE-VARIABLE REGULONS) ARE EMERGING AS AN IMPORTANT AREA OF BACTERIAL GENE REGULATION. MANY BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CONTAIN PHASEVARIONS, WITH GENE EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY THE PHASE-VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. NON-TYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (NTHI) CONTAINS THE PHASE-VARIABLE METHYLTRANSFERASE MODA, OF WHICH MULTIPLE ALLELIC VARIANTS EXIST (MODA1-21). WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED 5 OF 21 THESE MODA ALLELES ARE OVERREPRESENTED IN NTHI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CHILDREN WITH MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS. IN THIS STUDY WE INVESTIGATED THE MODA ALLELE DISTRIBUTION IN NTHI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE DISTRIBUTION OF MODA ALLELES IN A LARGE PANEL OF COPD ISOLATES IS DIFFERENT TO THE DISTRIBUTION SEEN IN MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS, SUGGESTING DIFFERENT MODA ALLELES MAY PROVIDE DISTINCT ADVANTAGES IN THE DIFFERING NICHES OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND COPD AIRWAYS. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED TWO NEW PHASE-VARIABLE MODA ALLELES - MODA15 AND MODA18 - AND DEMONSTRATE THAT THESE ALLELES METHYLATE DISTINCT DNA SEQUENCES AND CONTROL UNIQUE PHASEVARIONS. THE MODA15 AND MODA18 ALLELES HAVE ONLY BEEN OBSERVED IN COPD ISOLATES, INDICATING THAT THESE TWO ALLELES MAY BE MARKERS FOR ISOLATES LIKELY TO CAUSE EXACERBATIONS OF COPD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7  4493 18 MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS INDUCES INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS VIA MAPK AND NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY REDUCTION. MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF INFECTIOUS EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE (COPD) AND MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT M. CATARRHALIS-BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM INTERACTION. WE INVESTIGATED ACTIVATION OF M. CATARRHALIS INFECTED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND CHARACTERIZED THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. MOREOVER, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE M. CATARRHALIS-INDUCED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY ACETYLATION OF HISTONE RESIDUES AND CONTROLLED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY (HDAC). WE DEMONSTRATED THAT M. CATARRHALIS INDUCED A STRONG TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELL LINE (BEAS-2B), CHARACTERIZED BY THE RELEASE OF IL-8 AND GM-CSF. FOR THIS CYTOKINE LIBERATION ACTIVATION OF THE ERK AND P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN (MAP) KINASES AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF-KAPPAB WAS REQUIRED. FURTHERMORE, M. CATARRHALIS-INFECTED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS SHOWED AN ENHANCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AND H4 GLOBALLY AND AT THE PROMOTER OF THE IL8 GENE. PREVENTING HISTONE DEACETYLATION BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A AUGMENTED THE M. CATARRHALIS-INDUCED IL-8 RESPONSE. AFTER EXPOSURE TO M. CATARRHALIS, WE FOUND A DECREASE IN GLOBAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT M. CATARRHALIS-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF IL8 GENE TRANSCRIPTION WAS CAUSED BY INTERFERENCE WITH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING IL8 GENE ACCESSIBILITY. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO IMPORTANT MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF M. CATARRHALIS-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8  2273 21 EPIGENETIC REGULATION ALTERS BIOFILM ARCHITECTURE AND COMPOSITION IN MULTIPLE CLINICAL ISOLATES OF NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE. BIOFILMS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE COLONIZATION, PERSISTENCE, AND PATHOGENESIS OF MANY HUMAN PATHOGENS. MULTIPLE MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED PATHOGENS HAVE EVOLVED A MECHANISM OF RAPID ADAPTATION, TERMED THE PHASEVARION, WHICH FACILITATES A COORDINATED REGULATION OF NUMEROUS GENES THROUGHOUT THE BACTERIAL GENOME. THIS EPIGENETIC REGULATION OCCURS VIA PHASE VARIATION OF A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE, MOD. THE PHASEVARION OF NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (NTHI) SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL OTITIS MEDIA AND REGULATES SEVERAL DISEASE-RELATED PROCESSES. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF THE NTHI PHASEVARION IN BIOFILM FORMATION IS UNCLEAR. THE PRESENT STUDY SHOWS THAT THE PHASEVARIONS OF MULTIPLE NTHI CLINICAL ISOLATES REGULATE IN VITRO BIOFILM FORMATION UNDER DISEASE-SPECIFIC MICROENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. THE IMPACT OF PHASEVARION REGULATION WAS GREATEST UNDER ALKALINE CONDITIONS THAT MIMIC THOSE KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE MIDDLE EAR DURING DISEASE. UNDER ALKALINE CONDITIONS, NTHI STRAINS THAT EXPRESS THE MODA2 METHYLTRANSFERASE FORMED BIOFILMS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER BIOMASS AND LESS DISTINCT ARCHITECTURE THAN THOSE FORMED BY A MODA2-DEFICIENT POPULATION. THE BIOFILMS FORMED BY NTHI STRAINS THAT EXPRESS MODA2 ALSO CONTAINED LESS EXTRACELLULAR DNA (EDNA) AND SIGNIFICANTLY LESS EXTRACELLULAR HU, A DNABII DNA-BINDING PROTEIN CRITICAL FOR BIOFILM STRUCTURAL STABILITY. STABLE BIOFILM STRUCTURE IS CRITICAL FOR BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS AND PERSISTENCE IN MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF DISEASE. THESE RESULTS IDENTIFY A ROLE FOR THE PHASEVARION IN REGULATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION, A PROCESS INTEGRAL TO THE CHRONIC NATURE OF MANY INFECTIONS. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE PHASEVARION IN BIOFILM FORMATION IS CRITICAL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THESE CHRONIC DISEASES.IMPORTANCE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ARE THE NUMBER ONE REASON FOR A CHILD TO VISIT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, AND OTITIS MEDIA (MIDDLE EAR INFECTION) RANKS THIRD OVERALL. BIOFILMS CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE CHRONIC NATURE OF BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, INCLUDING OTITIS MEDIA, AND MAKE THESE DISEASES PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT TO TREAT. SEVERAL MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED HUMAN PATHOGENS UTILIZE A MECHANISM OF RAPID ADAPTATION TERMED THE PHASEVARION, OR PHASEVARIABLE REGULON, TO RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL AND HOST IMMUNE PRESSURES. IN THIS STUDY, WE ASSESSED THE ROLE OF THE PHASEVARION IN REGULATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION BY NONTYPEABLE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (NTHI), WHICH CAUSES NUMEROUS RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES. WE FOUND THAT THE NTHI PHASEVARION REGULATES BIOFILM STRUCTURE AND CRITICAL BIOFILM MATRIX COMPONENTS UNDER DISEASE-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS. THE FINDINGS OF THIS WORK COULD BE SIGNIFICANT IN THE DESIGN OF IMPROVED STRATEGIES AGAINST NTHI INFECTIONS, AS WELL AS DISEASES DUE TO OTHER PATHOGENS THAT UTILIZE A PHASEVARION.	2018	

9  2977 15 GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IN-HOST DEVELOPED AZOLE-RESISTANT ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS ISOLATES. ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS IS A PATHOGENIC FUNGAL SPECIES THAT CAN CAUSE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS, AND TRIAZOLE COMPOUNDS ARE USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF THESE INFECTIONS. PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO AZOLES MAY SELECT FOR COMPENSATORY MUTATIONS IN THE A. FLAVUS GENOME, RESULTING IN AZOLE RESISTANCE. HERE, WE CHARACTERIZE A SERIES OF 11 ISOGENIC A. FLAVUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM A PATIENT WITH PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS. OVER A PERIOD OF THREE MONTHS, THE INITIALLY AZOLE-SUSCEPTIBLE STRAIN DEVELOPED ITRACONAZOLE AND VORICONAZOLE RESISTANCE. SHORT TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS AND WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING REVEALED THE HIGH GENETIC RELATEDNESS OF ALL ISOLATES, INDICATING AN INFECTION WITH ONE SINGLE ISOLATE. IN CONTRAST, THE ISOLATES WERE MACROSCOPICALLY HIGHLY DIVERSE, SUGGESTING AN ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO (EPI)GENETIC CHANGES. THE WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND AZOLE-RESISTANT STRAINS SHOWED A NUMBER OF MUTATIONS THAT MIGHT BE ASSOCIATED WITH AZOLE RESISTANCE. THE MAJORITY OF RESISTANT STRAINS CONTAIN A Y119F MUTATION IN THE CYP51A GENE, WHICH CORRESPONDS TO THE Y121F MUTATION FOUND IN A. FUMIGATUS. ONE AZOLE-RESISTANT STRAIN DEMONSTRATED A DIVERGENT SET OF MUTATIONS, INCLUDING A V99A MUTATION IN A MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY (MSF) MULTIDRUG TRANSPORTER (AFLA 083950).	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  5228 15 PRMT7 TARGETS OF FOXM1 CONTROLS ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING ALVEOLOGENESIS. ALTHOUGH ABERRANT ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLASTS (AMYFS) PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASES, SUCH AS BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD), CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), AND IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF), EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF AMYFS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 7 (PRMT7) IS THE ONLY REPORTED TYPE III ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR MONOMETHYLATION OF ARGININE RESIDUE ON BOTH HISTONE AND NONHISTONE SUBSTRATES. HERE WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR PRMT7'S FUNCTION IN REGULATING AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS. IN PRMT7-DEFICIENT MICE, WE FOUND REDUCED AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, ABNORMAL ELASTIN DEPOSITION, AND FAILURE OF ALVEOLAR SEPTUM FORMATION. WE FURTHER SHOWN THAT ONCOGENE FORKHEAD BOX M1 (FOXM1) IS A DIRECT TARGET OF PRMT7 AND THAT PRMT7-CATALYZED MONOMETHYLATION AT HISTONE H4 ARGININE 3 (H4R3ME1) DIRECTLY ASSOCIATE WITH CHROMATIN OF FOXM1 TO ACTIVATE ITS TRANSCRIPTION, AND THEREBY REGULATE OF CELL CYCLE-RELATED GENES TO INHIBIT AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF FOXM1 IN ISOLATED MYOFIBROBLASTS (MYFS) SIGNIFICANTLY RESCUED PRMT7-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DEFECTS. THUS, OUR RESULTS REVEAL A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH PRMT7-MEDIATED HISTONE ARGININE MONOMETHYLATION ACTIVATES FOXM1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION TO REGULATE AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS AND MAY REPRESENT A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR INTERVENTION IN PULMONARY DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11  3303  7 HIGH-FREQUENCY P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 EXPRESSION IN SPORADIC CUTANEOUS MELANOMA. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PARTICIPATE IN MELANOMA DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. THE EFFECT OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND THEIR CATALYSING ENZYMES OVER EUCHROMATIC PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION IN MELANOMA REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION OF P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 EXPRESSION IN GREEK PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC MELANOMA AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS DETECTED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR IN 100 PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES AND 58 MELANOMA TISSUES FROM THE SAME PATIENTS. CELL PROLIFERATION (KI-67 INDEX), P16(INK) (4A) AND SETDB1 EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. HIGH-FREQUENCY PROMOTER METHYLATION (25.86%) WAS OBSERVED IN TISSUE SAMPLES AND CORRELATED WITH INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION (P = 0.0514). P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN VERTICAL GROWTH-PHASE (60%) MELANOMAS THAN IN RADIAL (40%, P = 0.063) AND THOSE DISPLAYING EPIDERMAL INVOLVEMENT (P = 0.046). IMPORTANTLY, P16(INK) (4A) METHYLATION CORRELATED WITH INCREASED MELANOMA THICKNESS ACCORDING TO BRESLOW INDEX (P = 0.0495) AND MARGINALLY WITH INCREASED CLARK LEVEL (I/II VS III/IV/V, P = 0.070). LOW (1-30%) P16(INK) (4A) EXPRESSION WAS DETECTED AT THE MAJORITY (19 OF 54) OF MELANOMA CASES (35.19%), BEING MARGINALLY CORRELATED WITH TUMOR LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION (P = 0.078). SETDB1 NUCLEAR IMMUNOREACTIVITY WAS OBSERVED IN 47 OF 57 (82.46%) CASES, WHEREAS 27 OF 57 (47.37%) SHOWED CYTOPLASMIC IMMUNOEXPRESSION. CYTOPLASMIC SETDB1 EXPRESSION CORRELATED WITH HIGHER FREQUENCY OF P16(INK) (4A) METHYLATION AND P16(INK) (4A) EXPRESSION (P = 0.033, P = 0.011, RESPECTIVELY). INCREASED NUCLEAR SETDB1 LEVELS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MITOTIC COUNT (0-5/MM(2) VS >5/MM(2) , P = 0.0869), ADVANCED CLARK LEVEL (III-V, P = 0.0380), EPIDERMAL INVOLVEMENT (P = 0.0331) AND THE NON-CHRONIC SUN EXPOSURE-ASSOCIATED MELANOMA TYPE (P = 0.0664). OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THE ASSOCIATION OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 WITH FREQUENT METHYLATION OF THE EUCHROMATIC P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER AND SEVERAL PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS IN MELANOMAS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  6632 14 UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 IN COPD THROUGH EPIGENETICS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A MAJOR HEALTH BURDEN IN ADULTS AND CIGARETTE SMOKING IS CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR OF COPD. CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 LOCUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH COPD AND SMOKING. OUR STUDY AIMS AT UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION OF CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 WITH COPD THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL VARIATION IN A POPULATION-BASED SETTING. TO ASSESS IF COPD-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS IN 15Q25.1 ARE METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS, PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH COPD (P < 5 X 10(-8)) IN THE 15Q25.1 LOCUS (RS12914385:C>T-CHRNA3, RS8034191:T>C-HYKK, RS13180:C>T-IREB2 AND RS8042238:C>T-IREB2), WAS PERFORMED IN THE ROTTERDAM STUDY (N = 1489). ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED (P < 1.4 X 10(-6)) WITH BLOOD DNA METHYLATION OF IREB2, CHRNA3 AND PSMA4, OF WHICH TWO, INCLUDING IREB2 AND PSMA4, WERE ALSO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN COPD CASES AND CONTROLS (P < 0.04). FURTHER ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING WERE EVALUATED AND NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT WAS OBSERVED. TO EVALUATE IF THESE FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS ARE EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN 1087 LUNG SAMPLES. ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE IREB2 3'UTR IN LUNG TISSUES (P < 5.4 X 10(-95)). WE CONCLUDE THAT REGULATORY MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF IREB2 GENE, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, MAY EXPLAIN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC VARIANTS IN CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 AND COPD, LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF SMOKING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13   916 10 CHRONIC HIGH GLUCOSE AND INSULIN STIMULATE BONE-MARROW STROMAL CELLS ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN YOUNG SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS. WE EVALUATED WHETHER GENETIC PREDISPOSITION IS SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE CHANGES DUE TO CHRONIC HIGH GLUCOSE (HG; 25 MMOL/L) IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF INSULIN (HGI; 10 MUG/ML) ON OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION AND MARKERS IN BONE-MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (BMSCS) FROM YOUNG WISTAR (WBMSCS) AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSIVE RATS (SBMSCS) WITHOUT HYPERTENSION. HG SUPPRESSED OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN BOTH THE STRAINS, OBSERVED BY MINERALIZATION INHIBITION AND DECREASED LEVELS OF THE OSTEOGENIC MARKERS RUNX2, OSTERIX, OSTEOPONTIN, AND BONE SIALOPROTEIN, COMPARED TO OSTEOGENIC MEDIUM (OM) CELLS. IN WBMSCS, THE EFFECTS OF HG WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DOWN REGULATION OF ERK1/2 AND UP REGULATION OF P38 ACTIVITIES; HOWEVER, HGI DID NOT REVERT THE EFFECTS OF HG ON MAPK ACTIVITIES. MOREOVER, HG DID NOT AFFECT MAPK SIGNALING IN SBMSCS COMPARED TO THAT IN OM. HGI INCREASED MINERALIZATION IN WBMSCS COMPARED TO THAT IN OM, BUT NOT IN SBMSCS. HIGH EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TYPE 4 IN OM COULD BE RELATED WITH THE PREDISPOSITION TO ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION NOTED IN SBMSCS AND WAS CONFIRMED BY EMERGENCE OF ADIPOCYTE-LIKE CELLS BY HGI TREATMENT. DOWNREGULATION OF P38 AND UPREGULATION OF JNK ACTIVITIES WERE OBSERVED IN BOTH BMSCS TREATED WITH HGI COMPARED TO THOSE TREATED BY HG. MA (OSMOTIC CONTROL) ALSO SUPPRESSED OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN BOTH THE STRAINS. IN CONCLUSION, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT SBMSCS FROM YOUNG SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSIVE RATS, WITHOUT HYPERTENSION BUT WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITION, EXHIBITED DECREASED OSTEOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION UNDER HG AND HGI DID NOT REVERT THE EFFECTS OF HG IN SBMSCS BUT INCREASED ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  3305 12 HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF BCL3 DIFFERENTIATES T(2;5)(P23;Q35)-POSITIVE ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA FROM HODGKIN DISEASE. ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA (ALCL) WITH T(2;5)(P23;Q35) AND HODGKIN DISEASE (HD) SHARE MANY CELLULAR FEATURES, INCLUDING EXPRESSION OF CD30. WE COMPARED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF 4 ALCL (KARPAS 299, SU-DHL-1, DEL, SR-786) AND 3 HD CELL LINES AND FOUND THAT BCL3, WHICH ENCODES A NUCLEAR PROTEIN BELONGING TO THE I KAPPA B FAMILY OF INHIBITORS OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPA B) TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTORS, WAS EXPRESSED AT HIGHER LEVELS IN ALCL THAN HD. NORTHERN AND WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSES CONFIRMED THE HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF BCL3 IN ALCL AT BOTH MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. WE ESTABLISHED A REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-MEDIATED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY TO MEASURE THE BCL3 MRNA LEVEL AND FOUND A PREDOMINANT LEVEL OF BCL3 EXPRESSION IN T(2;5)(+) ALCL; THE LEVELS OF CELL LINES AND CLINICAL MATERIALS WERE COMPARABLE TO OR HIGHER THAN THAT OF A B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CARRYING T(14;19)(Q32;Q13). SOUTHERN BLOTTING AND FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION DISCLOSED THAT THE BCL3 GENE COPIES WERE AMPLIFIED IN SU-DHL-1, WHEREAS KARPAS 299 CARRIED 4 BCL3 GENE LOCI. THE BCL3 GENE CONTAINS 2 CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) ISLANDS, AND THE INTRAGENIC 3' CPG WAS ENTIRELY DEMETHYLATED IN SU-DHL-1 AND DEL. IN CONTRAST TO HD, IN WHICH NF-KAPPA B WAS CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED, ALCL CELLS CONSISTENTLY SHOWED (P50)(2) HOMODIMER BINDING ACTIVITY ON ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR BCL-3 SEQUESTERS THE (P50)(2) HOMODIMER TO THE NUCLEUS, WHICH MAY ACCOUNT FOR THE CONTRADICTORY EFFECT OF CD30 STIMULATION ON ALCL AND HD. WE PROPOSE THAT BCL3 IS OVEREXPRESSED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF T(2;5)(+) ALCL.	2003	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15  5298 10 PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 5 SUPPRESSES THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THE RB FAMILY OF TUMOR SUPPRESSORS IN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA CELLS. THE PROPER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF CHROMATIN BY PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASES (PRMTS) IS CRUCIAL FOR NORMAL CELL GROWTH AND HEALTH. THE HUMAN SWI/SNF-ASSOCIATED PRMT5 IS INVOLVED IN THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION OF TARGET GENES BY DIRECTLY METHYLATING H3R8 AND H4R3. TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF PRMT5-MEDIATED HISTONE METHYLATION ON CANCER, WE ANALYZED ITS EXPRESSION IN NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED HUMAN B LYMPHOCYTES. OUR FINDINGS REVEAL THAT PRMT5 PROTEIN LEVELS ARE ENHANCED IN VARIOUS HUMAN LYMPHOID CANCER CELLS, INCLUDING TRANSFORMED CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (B-CLL) CELL LINES. PRMT5 OVEREXPRESSION IS CAUSED BY THE ALTERED EXPRESSION OF THE PRMT5-SPECIFIC MICRORNAS 19A, 25, 32, 92, 92B, AND 96 AND RESULTS IN THE INCREASED GLOBAL SYMMETRIC METHYLATION OF H3R8 AND H4R3. AN EVALUATION OF BOTH EPIGENETIC MARKS AT PRMT5 TARGET GENES SUCH AS RB1 (P105), RBL1 (P107), AND RBL2 (P130) SHOWED THAT PROMOTERS H3R8 AND H4R3 ARE HYPERMETHYLATED, WHICH IN TURN TRIGGERS POCKET PROTEIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION. FURTHERMORE, REDUCING PRMT5 EXPRESSION IN WAC3CD5 B-CLL CELLS ABOLISHES H3R8 AND H4R3 HYPERMETHYLATION, RESTORES RBL2 EXPRESSION, AND INHIBITS CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT PRMT5 OVEREXPRESSION EPIGENETICALLY ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTION OF KEY TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND SUGGEST A CAUSAL ROLE OF THE ELEVATED SYMMETRIC METHYLATION OF H3R8 AND H4R3 AT THE RBL2 PROMOTER IN TRANSFORMED B-LYMPHOCYTE PATHOLOGY.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  6297 14 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HBO1 ON CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. PURPOSE: EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IS ONE OF MOST IMPORTANT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE BINDING TO ORC1 (HBO1) CAN PROTECT AGAINST CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS)-INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS AND SUSTAIN NORMAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IN COPD. METHODS: HUMAN LUNG TISSUE SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT LUNG RESECTION. THE EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODEL AND HBO1 OVEREXPRESSING MICE WERE EACH ESTABLISHED BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR INTRATRACHEAL LENTIVIRAL VECTORS INSTILLATION. TUNEL (TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE DUTP NICK END LABELING) ASSAYS WERE USED TO ASSESS APOPTOTIC RATIO IN MICE. THE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (HBECS) WAS ASSAYED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY. HBO1, B-CELL LYMPHOMA-2 (BCL-2), AND H3K14AC PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. HBO1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HBO1 WAS DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD PATIENTS AND CSE-TREATED EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODELS. OVEREXPRESSION OF HBO1 ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMATOUS CHANGES, AS WELL AS APOPTOSIS IN THE LUNGS OF COPD MICE. IN VITRO, THE HBO1 PROTEIN DEGRADED IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT COURSE WITH CSE TREATMENT. WITH FLOW CYTOMETRY, WE PROVED THAT HBO1 COULD REVERSE THE APOPTOSIS OF HBECS INDUCED BY CSE. FURTHERMORE, HBO1 OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 PROTEIN AND ENHANCED H3K14 ACETYLATION IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE KEY HISTONE MODULATOR HBO1 PLAYS A PROTECTIVE ROLE IN COPD PATHOGENESIS THAT MAY SHED LIGHT ON POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO INHIBIT THE PROGRESS OF COPD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
17  5340 12 QUORUM SENSING AND VIRULENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA DURING LUNG INFECTION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IS THE PREDOMINANT MICROORGANISM IN CHRONIC LUNG INFECTION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS. THE CHRONIC LUNG INFECTION IS PRECEDED BY INTERMITTENT COLONIZATION. WHEN THE CHRONIC INFECTION BECOMES ESTABLISHED, IT IS WELL ACCEPTED THAT THE ISOLATED STRAINS DIFFER PHENOTYPICALLY FROM THE INTERMITTENT STRAINS. DOMINATING CHANGES ARE THE SWITCH TO MUCOIDITY (ALGINATE OVERPRODUCTION) AND LOSS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VIRULENCE SUCH AS THE QUORUM SENSING (QS). TO ELUCIDATE THE DYNAMICS OF P. AERUGINOSA QS SYSTEMS DURING LONG TERM INFECTION OF THE CF LUNG, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED 238 ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM 152 CF PATIENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF INFECTION RANGING FROM INTERMITTENT TO LATE CHRONIC. ISOLATES WERE CHARACTERIZED WITH REGARD TO QS SIGNAL MOLECULES, ALGINATE, RHAMNOLIPID AND ELASTASE PRODUCTION AND MUTANT FREQUENCY. THE GENETIC BASIS FOR CHANGE IN QS REGULATION WERE INVESTIGATED AND IDENTIFIED BY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF LASR, RHLR, LASI AND RHLI. THE FIRST QS SYSTEM TO BE LOST WAS THE ONE ENCODED BY LAS SYSTEM 12 YEARS (MEDIAN VALUE) AFTER THE ONSET OF THE LUNG INFECTION WITH SUBSEQUENT LOSS OF THE RHL ENCODED SYSTEM AFTER 17 YEARS (MEDIAN VALUE) SHOWN AS DEFICIENCIES IN PRODUCTION OF THE 3-OXO-C12-HSL AND C4-HSL QS SIGNAL MOLECULES RESPECTIVELY. THE CONCOMITANT DEVELOPMENT OF QS MALFUNCTION SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE REDUCED PRODUCTION OF RHAMNOLIPIDS AND ELASTASE AND WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF MUTATIONS IN THE REGULATORY GENES LASR AND RHLR. ACCUMULATION OF MUTATIONS IN BOTH LASR AND RHLR CORRELATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERMUTABILITY. INTERESTINGLY, A HIGHER NUMBER OF MUCOID ISOLATES WERE FOUND TO PRODUCE C4-HSL SIGNAL MOLECULES AND RHAMNOLIPIDS COMPARED TO THE NON-MUCOID ISOLATES. AS SEEN FROM THE PRESENT DATA, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT P. AERUGINOSA AND PARTICULARLY THE MUCOID STRAINS DO NOT LOSE THE QS REGULATION OR THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE RHAMNOLIPIDS UNTIL THE LATE STAGE OF THE CHRONIC INFECTION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  3753  9 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATA TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RELATED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS ONSET. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A KIND OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. EPIGENETIC REGULATION PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. OUR STUDY WAS AIMED AT FINDING POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. TWO DATASETS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) DATABASE. THE EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON METHYLATION DATA USING CPGASSOC PACKAGE. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED ON MRNA DATA USING LIMMA PACKAGE. THE GO (GENE ONTOLOGY) AND KEGG (KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES) FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT WAS DONE IN CLUSTERPROFILER PACKAGE. FINALLY, THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL WAS CONSTRUCTED USING GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL (GLM) FUNCTION. BETWEEN ATHEROSCLEROTIC VS. NONATHEROSCLEROTIC SAMPLES, TOTALLY 4980 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES (ANNOTATED TO 2860 GENES) AND 132 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) RELATED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS WERE IDENTIFIED. THE ANNOTATED 2860 GENES AND 132 DEGS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN 9 AND 4 KEGG PATHWAYS AND 289 AND 132 GO TERMS, RESPECTIVELY. AFTER CROSS-ANALYSIS, 6 CRUCIAL CPG SITES WERE SCREENED TO BUILD THE MODEL, INCLUDING CG01187920, CG03422911, CG08018825, CG10967350, CG14473924, AND CG25313204. THE DIAGNOSTIC MODEL COULD RELIABLY SEPARATE THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS SAMPLES FROM NONATHEROSCLEROTIC SAMPLES. IN CONCLUSION, THE 6 CPG SITES ARE PROBABLY POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INCLUDING CG01187920, CG03422911, CG08018825, CG10967350, CG14473924, AND CG25313204.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  4023 17 LSD1-S112A EXACERBATES THE PATHOGENESIS OF CSE/LPS-INDUCED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN MICE. LYSINE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 1 (LSD1) IS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT MODULATES THE CHROMATIN STATUS, CONTRIBUTING TO GENE ACTIVATION OR REPRESSION. THE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF LSD1 IS CRITICAL FOR THE REGULATION OF MANY OF ITS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. PHOSPHORYLATION OF SERINE 112 OF LSD1 BY PROTEIN KINASE C ALPHA (PKCALPHA) IS CRUCIAL FOR REGULATING INFLAMMATION, BUT ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF LSD1-S112A, A PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECTIVE MUTANT, IN THE CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT/LPS-INDUCED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) MODEL USING LSD1SA/SA MICE AND TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISM UNDERPINNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD. WE FOUND THAT LSD1SA/SA MICE EXHIBITED INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CSE/LPS-INDUCED COPD, INCLUDING HIGH INFLAMMATORY CELL INFLUX INTO THE BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID AND AIRSPACE ENLARGEMENT. ADDITIONALLY, THE HIGH GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WAS OBSERVED IN CELLS AND MICE CONTAINING LSD1-S112A. SIMILAR RESULTS WERE OBTAINED FROM THE MOUSE EMBRYONIC FIBROBLASTS EXPOSED TO A PKCALPHA INHIBITOR, GO6976. THUS, THE LACK OF LSD1 PHOSPHORYLATION EXACERBATES CSE/LPS-INDUCED COPD BY ELEVATING INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. [BMB REPORTS 2021; 54(10): 522-527].	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20  6518 14 TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS-INDUCED CXCL10 PRODUCTION BY CIGARETTE SMOKE. HUMAN RHINOVIRUS (HRV) TRIGGERS EXACERBATIONS OF ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE PRIMARY RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, AND 25% OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ASTHMA SMOKE. SMOKERS EXPERIENCE BOTH LONGER AND MORE SEVERE COLDS. WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF A RANGE OF EPITHELIAL ANTIVIRAL MOLECULES. HERE, WE USE CXCL10 AS A MODEL ANTIVIRAL GENE TO EXAMINE THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH CSE INHIBITS EPITHELIAL ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY. HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 TRANSCRIPTION DEPENDS ON ACTIVATION OF NF-KB AND IFN-REGULATORY FACTOR-1 (IRF-1), AND WE NOW ALSO IMPLICATE TWO SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (STAT) CONSENSUS SEQUENCES IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER IN HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 EXPRESSION. CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED ACTIVATION AND NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION/BINDING OF BOTH NF-KB, AND IRF-1 TO THEIR RESPECTIVE RECOGNITION SEQUENCES IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER. HRV ALSO INDUCED FORMATION OF COMPLEXES AT THE STAT REGION IN THE CXCL10 PROMOTER, AND HRV-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF STAT-1 WAS INHIBITED BY CSE. IN ADDITION, CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AROUND THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITE OF THE CXCL10 PROMOTER. ALTHOUGH CSE INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF BOTH THE VIRAL DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA SENSORS, RETINOIC ACID-INDUCIBLE GENE-I AND MELANOMA DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED GENE (MDA) 5, ONLY SPECIFIC SHORT INTERFERING RNA (SIRNA) TO MDA5, BUT NOT NONTARGETING SIRNA, OR SIRNA TO RETINOIC ACID-INDUCIBLE GENE-I, INHIBITED HRV-INDUCED CXCL10 INDUCTION. WE CONCLUDE THAT CSE REDUCES CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AND INHIBITS VIRAL SIGNALING VIA NF-KB, IRF-1, STAT-1, AND MDA5. THUS, WE SHOW THAT CSE CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY MODULATE MULTIPLE PATHWAYS LINKED TO INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HRV INFECTION.	2014