1  3760 99 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW. CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL DRINKING (CHD) REWIRES MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TOWARD HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES THAT PERSIST AFTER 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCPS) FROM CHD RHESUS MACAQUES USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION WITHIN BONE MARROW RESIDENT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES. FURTHERMORE, CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS IN HSCP. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARD MONOCYTES EXPRESSING "NEUTROPHIL-LIKE" MARKERS WITH GREATER INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. FURTHER ANALYSES OF HSCPS SHOWED BROAD EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT WERE IN LINE WITH EXACERBATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES WITHIN MONOCYTES AND THEIR PROGENITORS. IN SUMMARY, CHD ALTERS HSCPS IN THE BONE MARROW LEADING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES POISED TO GENERATE DYSREGULATED HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2  3759 74 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING REWIRES CIRCULATING MONOCYTES AND TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES TOWARDS HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTI-MICROBIAL DEFENSES. AS THESE EFFECTS REMAIN CONSISTENT IN SHORT-LIVED MONOCYTES AFTER A 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE PERIOD IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE RESTRICTED TO THE PERIPHERY OR MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE PROGENITOR NICHE. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCP) OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT FROM RHESUS MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF ETHANOL CONSUMPTION USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. BONE MARROW-RESIDENT MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES FROM ETHANOL-CONSUMING ANIMALS EXHIBITED HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATION. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARDS MONOCYTES EXPRESSING NEUTROPHIL-LIKE MARKERS WITH HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HSCPS SHOWED REDUCED PROLIFERATION BUT INCREASED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. WE OBSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS AS WELL AS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN IMMATURE AND MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE SHOWED ALTERED DRIVERS OF DIFFERENTIATION IN MONOCYTES AND PROGENITORS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA INDICATE THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL DRINKING RESULTS IN REMODELING OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT LEADING TO ALTERED FUNCTIONS IN THE PERIPHERY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
3  1715 25 DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET-INDUCED MONOCYTE "PRIMING" AND DYSFUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES IS TRIGGERED BY ELEVATED PLASMA CHOLESTEROL AND ACCOMPANIED BY ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION. MONOCYTES AND THE RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES INTO SITES OF INFLAMMATION PLAY A KEY ROLE IN ATHEROGENESIS AND OTHER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES LINKED TO CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY. PREVIOUS STUDIES FROM OUR GROUP HAVE SHOWN THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING, I.E., ENHANCED ADHESION AND ACCELERATED CHEMOTAXIS OF MONOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO CHEMOKINES, BOTH IN VITRO AND IN DYSLIPIDEMIC LDLR(-/-) MICE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED MONOCYTE DYSFUNCTION IS, AT LEAST TO A LARGE EXTENT CAUSED BY THE S-GLUTATHIONYLATION, INACTIVATION, AND SUBSEQUENT DEGRADATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF A WESTERN-STYLE, DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET (DD), WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF HIGH LEVELS OF SATURATED FAT, CHOLESTEROL, AND SIMPLE SUGARS, ON MONOCYTE (DYS)FUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS). WE FOUND THAT SIMILAR TO MICE, A DD ENHANCES MONOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS IN NHP WITHIN 4 WEEKS, OCCURRING CONCORDANTLY WITH THE ONSET OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA BUT PRIOR TO CHANGES IN TRIGLYCERIDES, BLOOD GLUCOSE, MONOCYTOSIS, OR CHANGES IN MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION. IN ADDITION, WE IDENTIFIED TRANSITORY DECREASES IN THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE LYSINE RESIDUES 18 AND 23 IN METABOLICALLY PRIMED MONOCYTES, AND WE FOUND THAT MONOCYTE PRIMING WAS CORRELATED WITH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 27 AFTER AN 8-WEEK DD REGIMEN. OUR DATA SHOW THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING AND HYPER-CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES IN NHP. THE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ACCOMPANYING MONOCYTE PRIMING IN PRIMATES SUGGEST A REPROGRAMMING OF THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE, WHICH MAY LEAD TO DYSREGULATED RESPONSES AND FUNCTIONALITIES IN MACROPHAGES DERIVED FROM PRIMED MONOCYTES THAT ARE RECRUITED TO SITES OF INFLAMMATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4  3878 27 KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ACTIVATES INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING AND IMPAIRS HEMATOPOIESIS IN MICE. KDM6B IS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION DURING DIFFERENTIATION, INCLUDING IN BONE MARROW (BM) HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS (HSPCS). OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B HAS BEEN REPORTED IN BM HSPCS OF PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML). WHETHER THE OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF THESE DISEASES REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. TO STUDY THIS, WE GENERATED A VAV-KDM6B MOUSE MODEL, WHICH OVEREXPRESSES KDM6B IN THE HEMATOPOIETIC COMPARTMENT. KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ALONE LED TO MILD HEMATOPOIETIC PHENOTYPE, AND CHRONIC INNATE IMMUNE STIMULATION OF VAV-KDM6B MICE WITH THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) LIGAND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT HEMATOPOIETIC DEFECTS. THESE DEFECTS RECAPITULATED FEATURES OF MDS AND CMML, INCLUDING LEUKOPENIA, DYSPLASIA, AND COMPROMISED REPOPULATING FUNCTION OF BM HSPCS. TRANSCRIPTOME STUDIES INDICATED THAT KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION ALONE COULD LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF DISEASE-RELEVANT GENES SUCH AS S100A9 IN BM HSPCS, AND WHEN COMBINED WITH INNATE IMMUNE STIMULATION, KDM6B OVEREXPRESSION RESULTED IN MORE PROFOUND OVEREXPRESSION OF INNATE IMMUNE AND DISEASE-RELEVANT GENES, INDICATING THAT KDM6B WAS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING IN BM HSPCS. FINALLY, PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF KDM6B WITH THE SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR GSK-J4 AMELIORATED THE INEFFECTIVE HEMATOPOIESIS OBSERVED IN VAV-KDM6B MICE. THIS EFFECT WAS ALSO OBSERVED WHEN GSK-J4 WAS APPLIED TO THE PRIMARY BM HSPCS OF PATIENTS WITH MDS BY IMPROVING THEIR REPOPULATING FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM6B MEDIATES ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALS AND HAS A ROLE IN MDS AND CMML PATHOGENESIS, AND THAT KDM6B TARGETING HAS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN THESE MYELOID DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  2067 23 EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF MACROPHAGE SHAPE TRANSITION TOWARDS AN ATYPICAL ELONGATED PHENOTYPE BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY. INFLAMMATORY CHRONIC PATHOLOGIES ARE COMPLEX PROCESSES CHARACTERIZED BY AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE RESOLUTION OF THE INFLAMMATORY PHASE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TISSUE REPAIR. THE MAIN PLAYERS IN THESE INFLAMMATORY PATHOLOGIES ARE BONE MARROW DERIVED MONOCYTES (BMDMS). HOWEVER, HOW MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IS MODULATED TO GIVE RISE TO SPECIFIC MACROPHAGE SUBPOPULATIONS (M1 OR M2) THAT MAY EITHER MAINTAIN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS OR LEAD TO WOUND HEALING IS STILL UNCLEAR. CONSIDERING THAT INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) HAVE AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, WE ASKED WHETHER THIS ENZYME WOULD PLAY A ROLE ON MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION INTO M1 OR M2 PHENOTYPE AND IN THE CELL SHAPE TRANSITION THAT FOLLOWS. WE THEN INDUCED MURINE BONE MARROW PROGENITORS INTO MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION PATHWAY USING MEDIA CONTAINING GM-CSF AND THE HDAC BLOCKER, TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA). WE FOUND THAT THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY LED TO A SHAPE TRANSITION FROM THE TYPICAL MACROPHAGE PANCAKE-LIKE SHAPE INTO AN ELONGATED MORPHOLOGY, WHICH WAS CORRELATED TO A MIXED M1/M2 PROFILE OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE SECRETION. OUR RESULTS PRESENT, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT HDAC ACTIVITY ACTS AS A REGULATOR OF MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ABSENCE OF LYMPHOCYTE STIMULI. WE PROPOSE THAT HDAC ACTIVITY DOWN REGULATES MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY FAVORING THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  4041 27 MACROPHAGE PLASTICITY IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A NEXUS OF PATHOLOGICAL REMODELLING WITH THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC SKELETAL MUSCLE NECROSIS, LEADING TO MUSCLE REGENERATION FAILURE AND FIBROSIS. ALTHOUGH MACROPHAGES (MPS) ARE NORMALLY ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE REGENERATION, DYSREGULATED MP FUNCTION PROMOTES PATHOLOGICAL MUSCLE REMODELLING. INFILTRATING MPS CAN BE PREDOMINANTLY PRO-INFLAMMATORY (M1 BIASED), ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (M2 BIASED) OR OF A MIXED PHENOTYPE AND CAN ORIGINATE FROM THE ADULT BONE MARROW (MONOCYTE DEPENDENT) OR EMBRYONIC PRECURSORS (MONOCYTE INDEPENDENT). IN MDX MICE (GENETIC MODEL OF DMD) LACKING EITHER TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) 2 OR TLR4, IT IS FOUND THAT MP INFILTRATION OF DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AND THAT THE MP PHENOTYPE IS SHIFTED TOWARD A MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE. THIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSCLE HISTOLOGY AND FORCE PRODUCTION. LACK OF THE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2, WHICH IMPEDES MONOCYTE RELEASE FROM THE BONE MARROW, LEADS TO SIMILAR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN MDX MICE. EVIDENCE WAS ALSO FOUND FOR TLR4-REGULATED INDUCTION OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY IN MPS CULTURED FROM THE BONE MARROW OF MDX MICE BEFORE THEIR ENTRY INTO THE MUSCLE. THESE MPS EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, ACCOMPANIED BY NON-SPECIFIC HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS TO MULTIPLE STIMULI, WHICH IS MANIFESTED BY POTENTIATED UPREGULATION OF BOTH PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GENES. IN SUMMARY, EXAGGERATED RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MPS AND SIGNS OF TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY AT THE LEVEL OF THE BONE MARROW ARE FEATURES OF THE IMMUNOPHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE DISEASE. THESE PHENOMENA ARE REGULATED BY TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS THAT BIND ENDOGENOUS DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN (DAMP) MOLECULES, SUGGESTING THAT DAMP RELEASE FROM DYSTROPHIC MUSCLES MODULATES MP PLASTICITY AT THE BONE MARROW LEVEL THROUGH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-DRIVEN MECHANISMS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7   969 19 CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SP1 SIGNALING, REDUCED IL10 PROMOTER PHOSPHORYLATION, AND REDUCED MYELOID IL-10 EXPRESSION. CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS (CNO) IS AN AUTO-INFLAMMATORY DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. INTERLEUKIN (IL-)10 IS AN IMMUNE-MODULATORY CYTOKINE THAT CONTROLS INFLAMMATION, AND LIMITS INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RESPONSES. DYSREGULATION OF IL-10 EXPRESSION HAS BEEN SHOWN TO RESULT IN AUTOIMMUNE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. WE INVESTIGATED IL-10 EXPRESSION BY MONOCYTIC CELLS FROM CNO PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH LPS, IL-10 EXPRESSION FROM CNO MONOCYTES WAS REDUCED (P<0.001). THIS WAS INDEPENDENT OF IL10 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS. THUS, WE INVESTIGATED SP1 RECRUITMENT TO THE IL10 PROMOTER AND SAW MARKEDLY REDUCED BINDING IN CNO MONOCYTES. THIS WAS ACCOMPANIED WITH REDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF HISTONE H3 SERINE 10 (H3S10), AN ACTIVATING EPIGENETIC MARK. IMPAIRED RECRUITMENT OF SP1 TO THE IL10 PROMOTER, AND REDUCED H3S10 PHOSPHORYLATION, MAY BE A REFLECTION OF DEFICIENT MAPK SIGNALING IN CNO MONOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO LPS STIMULATION. THUS, WE HAVE DISCOVERED A MECHANISM THAT MAY BE CENTRAL IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CNO.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8   744 29 CANNABINOID WIN55,212-2 REPROGRAMS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO INHIBIT LPS-INDUCED INFLAMMATION. INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC OR UNCONTROLLED ACTIVATION OF MYELOID CELLS INCLUDING MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS) IS A HALLMARK OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL DRUGS WITH THE CAPACITY TO IMPAIR INNATE IMMUNE CELL OVERACTIVATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. COMPELLING EVIDENCE POINTED OUT CANNABINOIDS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY. WIN55,212-2, A NON-SELECTIVE SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID AGONIST, DISPLAYS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS BY MECHANISMS PARTIALLY DEPENDING ON THE GENERATION OF TOLEROGENIC DCS ABLE TO INDUCE FUNCTIONAL REGULATORY T CELLS (TREGS). HOWEVER, ITS IMMUNOMODULATORY CAPACITY ON OTHER MYELOID CELLS SUCH AS MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES REMAINS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DCS (HMODCS) WERE DIFFERENTIATED IN THE ABSENCE (CONVENTIONAL HMODCS) OR PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 (WIN-HMODCS). CELLS WERE STIMULATED WITH LPS, COCULTURED WITH NAIVE T LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND ABILITY TO INDUCE T CELL RESPONSES WERE ANALYSED BY ELISA OR FLOW CYTOMETRY. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF WIN55,212-2 IN MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, HUMAN AND MURINE MACROPHAGES WERE ACTIVATED WITH LPS OR LPS/IFNGAMMA, IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE CANNABINOID. CYTOKINE, COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES AND INFLAMMASOME MARKERS WERE ASSAYED. METABOLIC AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE ALSO PERFORMED. FINALLY, THE PROTECTIVE CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 WAS STUDIED IN VIVO IN BALB/C MICE AFTER INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH LPS. RESULTS: WE SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HMODCS IN THE PRESENCE OF WIN55,212-2 GENERATES TOLEROGENIC WIN-HMODCS THAT ARE LESS RESPONSIVE TO LPS STIMULATION AND ABLE TO PRIME TREGS. WIN55,212-2 ALSO IMPAIRS THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY POLARIZATION OF HUMAN MACROPHAGES BY INHIBITING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION AND RESCUING MACROPHAGES FROM PYROPTOTIC CELL DEATH. MECHANISTICALLY, WIN55,212-2 INDUCED A METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC SHIFT IN MACROPHAGES BY DECREASING LPS-INDUCED MTORC1 SIGNALING, COMMITMENT TO GLYCOLYSIS AND ACTIVE HISTONE MARKS IN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PROMOTERS. WE CONFIRMED THESE DATA IN EX VIVO LPS-STIMULATED PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES (PMPHIS), WHICH WERE ALSO SUPPORTED BY THE IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CAPACITY OF WIN55,212-2 IN A LPS-INDUCED SEPSIS MOUSE MODEL. CONCLUSION: OVERALL, WE SHED LIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH CANNABINOIDS EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN MYELOID CELLS, WHICH MIGHT WELL CONTRIBUTE TO THE FUTURE RATIONAL DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS.	2023	

9  6111 24 THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE AT GENE PROMOTERS DETERMINES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC LPS TOLERANCE. SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS (SF) DRIVE INFLAMMATION AND JOINT DESTRUCTION IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS. HERE WE SHOW THAT SF POSSESS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LPS TOLERANCE COMPARED TO MACROPHAGES AND OTHER TYPES OF FIBROBLASTS. IN SF AND DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE AFTER REPEATED LPS STIMULATION INCLUDED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, WHEREAS ANTI-VIRAL GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE. IN MACROPHAGES, ALL MEASURED GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE, WHEREAS IN GINGIVAL AND FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS THESE GENES WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE. REPEATED STIMULATION OF SF WITH LPS RESULTED IN LOSS OF ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS ONLY IN PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES. THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES WAS SIMILAR IN UNSTIMULATED SF AND MONOCYTES, WHEREAS THE BASAL CONFIGURATION OF HISTONE MARKS PROFOUNDLY DIFFERED IN GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE IN SF ONLY. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC CONFIGURATION AT GENE PROMOTERS REGULATES CELL-SPECIFIC LPS-INDUCED RESPONSES AND PRIMES SF TO SUSTAIN THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
10  5868 25 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11  6495 19 TRAINED IMMUNITY AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC IMMUNOMODULATION IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATION INVOLVING INNATE IMMUNE CELLS, PARTICULARLY OF THE MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE LINEAGE, IS A KEY CONTRIBUTOR TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD). TRAINED IMMUNITY IS AN EVOLUTIONARILY ANCIENT PROTECTIVE MECHANISM AGAINST INFECTION, IN WHICH EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS CONFER NON-SPECIFIC HYPERRESPONSIVENESS OF INNATE IMMUNE CELLS TO VARIOUS STIMULI. RECENT WORK IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DMD (MDX MICE) HAS SHOWN THAT MACROPHAGES EXHIBIT CARDINAL FEATURES OF TRAINED IMMUNITY, INCLUDING THE PRESENCE OF INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM "MEMORY". THE LATTER IS REFLECTED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND DURABLE TRANSMISSIBILITY OF THE TRAINED PHENOTYPE TO HEALTHY NON-DYSTROPHIC MICE BY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION. MECHANISTICALLY, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT A TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) 4-REGULATED, MEMORY-LIKE CAPACITY OF INNATE IMMUNITY IS INDUCED AT THE LEVEL OF THE BONE MARROW BY FACTORS RELEASED FROM THE DAMAGED MUSCLES, LEADING TO EXAGGERATED UPREGULATION OF BOTH PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GENES. HERE WE PROPOSE A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF TRAINED IMMUNITY IN DMD PATHOGENESIS AND ITS POTENTIAL TO SERVE AS A NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGET.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  6540 39 TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL REPROGRAMMING OF MONOCYTES FROM NON-HUMAN PRIMATES FOLLOWING CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING. CHRONIC HEAVY DRINKING (CHD) OF ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTION AS WELL AS IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DEFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ORIGINATING FROM MYELOID CELLS, NOTABLY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES, BUT THE MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR ABILITY TO STUDY CHD IS IMPACTED BY THE COMPLEXITIES OF HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS COMORBIDITIES AND CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES, WE UTILIZED A TRANSLATIONAL RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION THAT CLOSELY RECAPITULATES HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND CHRONICITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHD ON BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CONTROL AND CHD FEMALE MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF DAILY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. WHILE MONOCYTES FROM CHD FEMALE MACAQUES GENERATED A HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO EX VIVO LPS STIMULATION, THEIR RESPONSE TO E. COLI WAS DAMPENED. IN DEPTH SCRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED MONOCYTES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT SHIFTS IN CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSETS WITH ACCUMULATION OF CELLS EXPRESSING MARKERS OF HYPOXIA (HIF1A) AND INFLAMMATION (NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN CHD MACAQUES. THE INCREASED PRESENCE OF MONOCYTE SUBSETS SKEWED TOWARDS INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES WAS COMPLEMENTED BY EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS, WHICH REVEALED HIGHER ACCESSIBILITY OF PROMOTER REGIONS THAT REGULATE GENES INVOLVED IN CYTOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, DATA PRESENTED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT DEMONSTRATE THAT CHD SHIFTS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION AND PRIMES THE MONOCYTES TOWARDS A MORE HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO LPS, BUT COMPROMISED PATHOGEN RESPONSE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  4570 23 MYELOMONOCYTIC CELLS IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS ACTIVATE TRAINED IMMUNITY PROGRAMS SUSTAINING INFLAMMATION AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. OBJECTIVE: TRAINED IMMUNITY (TI) IS A DE FACTO MEMORY PROGRAM OF INNATE IMMUNE CELLS, CHARACTERIZED BY IMMUNOMETABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUSTAINING ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF CYTOKINES. TI EVOLVED AS A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM AGAINST INFECTIONS; HOWEVER, INAPPROPRIATE ACTIVATION CAN CAUSE DETRIMENTAL INFLAMMATION AND MIGHT BE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TI IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (GCA), A LARGE-VESSEL VASCULITIS CHARACTERIZED BY ABERRANT MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION AND EXCESS CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. METHODS: MONOCYTES FROM GCA PATIENTS AND FROM AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY DONORS WERE SUBJECTED TO POLYFUNCTIONAL STUDIES, INCLUDING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION ASSAYS AT BASELINE AND FOLLOWING STIMULATION, INTRACELLULAR METABOLOMICS, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-QPCR, AND COMBINED ATAC/RNA SEQUENCING. IMMUNOMETABOLIC ACTIVATION (I.E. GLYCOLYSIS) WAS ASSESSED IN INFLAMED VESSELS OF GCA PATIENTS WITH FDG-PET AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (IHC), AND THE ROLE OF THIS PATHWAY IN SUSTAINING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS CONFIRMED WITH SELECTIVE PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION IN GCA MONOCYTES. RESULTS: GCA MONOCYTES EXHIBITED HALLMARK MOLECULAR FEATURES OF TI. SPECIFICALLY, THESE INCLUDED ENHANCED IL-6 PRODUCTION UPON STIMULATION, TYPICAL IMMUNOMETABOLIC CHANGES (E.G. INCREASED GLYCOLYSIS AND GLUTAMINOLYSIS) AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES PROMOTING ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTION OF GENES GOVERNING PRO-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION. IMMUNOMETABOLIC CHANGES OF TI (I.E. GLYCOLYSIS) WERE A FEATURE OF MYELOMONOCYTIC CELLS IN GCA LESIONS AND WERE REQUIRED FOR ENHANCED CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. CONCLUSIONS: MYELOMONOCYTIC CELLS IN GCA ACTIVATE TI PROGRAMS SUSTAINING ENHANCED INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION WITH EXCESS CYTOKINE PRODUCTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14  5423 19 REGULATION OF MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS A HALLMARK OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND MACROPHAGES PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN CONTROLLING INFLAMMATION AT ALL STAGES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, MACROPHAGES AND MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES ARE CONTINUOUSLY EXPOSED TO CHOLESTEROL, OXIDIZED LIPIDS, CELL DEBRIS, CYTOKINES, AND CHEMOKINES. NOT ONLY DO THESE STIMULI INDUCE A SPECIFIC MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE, BUT THEY ALSO INTERACT EXTENSIVELY, LEADING TO MACROPHAGE HETEROGENEITY IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES. HEREIN, WE REVIEW THE DIVERSE PHENOTYPES OF MACROPHAGES, THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION, AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MACROPHAGES TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN THIS CONTEXT. WE ALSO SUMMARIZE RECENT STUDIES ON FOAMY MACROPHAGES AND MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES IN PLAQUE DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION. WE PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING OF MACROPHAGES AND DISCUSS THE EMERGING CONCEPTS OF TARGETING CYTOKINES AND MACROPHAGES TO MODULATE ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15  3734 23 INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES: THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A COMPLEX METABOLIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF LIPID METABOLISM AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE INTIMAL SPACE OF THE VESSEL. AS THE MOST ABUNDANT INNATE IMMUNE CELLS, MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM, AND FOAM CELL FORMATION. IN RECENT DECADES, IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES CAN ESTABLISH INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY (ALSO TERMED TRAINED IMMUNITY) VIA ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS ATHEROGENIC STIMULI AND EXHIBIT A LONG-LASTING PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. THE IMPORTANT CELLULAR METABOLISM PROCESSES, INCLUDING GLYCOLYSIS, OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (OXPHOS), THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID (TCA) CYCLE, FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS, AND CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS, ARE REPROGRAMMED. TRAINED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES WITH INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY CAN BE PERSISTENTLY HYPERACTIVATED AND CAN UNDERGO EXTENSIVE EPIGENETIC REWIRING, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS VIA INCREASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND LIPID ACCUMULATION. HERE, WE PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF CELLULAR METABOLIC PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS STIMULATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS THAT HAVE BEEN REPORTED RECENTLY. THESE ELUCIDATIONS MIGHT BE BENEFICIAL FOR FURTHER UNDERSTANDING INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  4876 23 OVEREXPRESSION OF ARGINASE 1 IS LINKED TO DNMT3A AND TET2 MUTATIONS IN LOWER-GRADE MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IS A COMMON FEATURE OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), PARTICULARLY IN EARLY STAGES. HOWEVER, THE GENETIC BASIS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT MACROPHAGES FROM MICE DEFICIENT IN TET METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 2 (TET2), A MODEL OF MDS/CMML, ARE HYPERINFLAMMATORY AND HAVE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ARGINASE 1 (ARG1). IN MACROPHAGES AND MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS (MDSCS) EXPRESSION OF ARG1 CONTRIBUTES TO T-CELL SUPPRESSION AND IMMUNE EVASION BY L-ARGININE DEPLETION, IN THE SETTING OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. SINCE HUMAN MDS AND CMML ARE DRIVEN BY TET2 MUTATIONS AND ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT ARGINASE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND ARG1 EXPRESSION WOULD BE INCREASED IN HUMAN MDS/CMML BONE MARROW. ELEVATED ARGINASE ACTIVITY WAS OBSERVED IN BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF MDS AND CMML PATIENTS WITH LOWER-GRADE FEATURES. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES CONFIRMED THAT MYELOMONOCYTIC CELLS OVEREXPRESS ARG1. ADDITIONALLY, MUTATIONS IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORS TET2 AND DNMT3A CORRESPONDED TO HIGH ARG1 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST ARG1 IS A BIOMARKER OF IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IN EARLY MDS AND CMML. RECENT MURINE FINDINGS HAVE IMPLICATED TET2 AND DNMT3A IN REGULATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS SIMILAR CHANGES MAY BE DRIVEN BY HUMAN TET2 AND DNMT3A MUTATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
17  2641 24 EPIGENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSES REVEAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION AND SEVERE EXHAUSTION IN LPS-CHALLENGED MURINE MONOCYTES. EMERGING STUDIES SUGGEST THAT MONOCYTES CAN BE TRAINED BY BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN TO ADOPT DISTINCT MEMORY STATES RANGING FROM LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION TO IMMUNE EXHAUSTION. WHILE LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES, EXHAUSTED MONOCYTES WITH PATHOGENIC AND IMMUNE-SUPPRESSIVE CHARACTERISTICS MAY UNDERLIE THE PATHOGENESIS OF POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS INCLUDING COVID-19. HOWEVER, DETAILED PROCESSES BY WHICH THE DYNAMIC ADAPTION OF MONOCYTES OCCUR REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE WE EXPOSED MURINE BONE-MARROW DERIVED MONOCYTES TO CHRONIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) STIMULATION AT LOW-DOSE OR HIGH-DOSE, AS WELL AS A PBS CONTROL. THE CELLS WERE PROFILED FOR GENOME-WIDE H3K27AC MODIFICATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. THE GENE EXPRESSION OF TRAM-DEFICIENT AND IRAK-M-DEFICIENT MONOCYTES WITH LPS EXPOSURE WAS ALSO ANALYZED. WE DISCOVER THAT LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION PREFERENTIALLY UTILIZES THE TRAM-DEPENDENT PATHWAY OF TLR4 SIGNALING, AND INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF INTERFERON RESPONSE GENES. IN CONTRAST, HIGH DOSE LPS UNIQUELY UPREGULATES EXHAUSTION SIGNATURES WITH METABOLIC AND PROLIFERATIVE PATHWAYS. THE EXTENSIVE DIFFERENCES IN THE EPIGENOMIC LANDSCAPE BETWEEN LOW-DOSE AND HIGH-DOSE CONDITIONS SUGGEST THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS IN DRIVING DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES. OUR DATA PROVIDE POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR FUTURE MECHANISTIC OR THERAPEUTIC STUDIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18  5425 22 REGULATION OF MYELOPOIESIS BY THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IRF8. INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-8 (IRF8) IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EXPRESSED IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS, PARTICULARLY IN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES [MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS)] AND THEIR PROGENITORS. VARIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT IRF8 IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MONOCYTES, DCS, EOSINOPHILS, AND BASOPHILS. CONVERSELY, IRF8 SUPPRESSES THE GENERATION OF NEUTROPHILS. ACCORDINGLY, IRF8 (-/-) MICE DEVELOP IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND A CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML)-LIKE DISEASE. MUTATIONS AND LOSS OF EXPRESSION OF THE HUMAN IRF8 GENE ARE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND CML, RESPECTIVELY. RECENT FINDINGS HAVE BEGUN TO REVEAL THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NETWORK AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES GOVERNED BY IRF8. FOR EXAMPLE, IN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE PROGENITORS, IRF8 COOPERATES WITH PU.1 TO PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF PROMOTER-DISTAL ENHANCERS TO INDUCE MONOCYTE-RELATED GENES INCLUDING THE CRITICAL DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENE KLF4. ON THE OTHER HAND, IRF8 BLOCKS C/EBPALPHA ACTIVITY TO SUPPRESS THE NEUTROPHIL DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAM. INDEED, IRF8 (-/-) MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE PROGENITORS FAIL TO EFFICIENTLY GENERATE MONOCYTES AND DCS AND, INSTEAD, ABERRANTLY GIVE RISE TO NEUTROPHILS. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF IRF8 IN MYELOPOIESIS AND RELATED DISEASES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  1472 20 DISTINCT MECHANISMS REGULATE IL1B GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN LYMPHOID CD4 T CELLS AND MONOCYTES. INTERLEUKIN 1BETA IS A PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IMPORTANT FOR BOTH NORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSES AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. THE REGULATION OF THE 31 KDA PROIL-1BETA PRECURSOR CODED BY THE IL1B GENE HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED IN MYELOID CELLS, BUT NOT IN LYMPHOID-DERIVED CD4 T CELLS. SURPRISINGLY, WE FOUND THAT SOME CD4 T CELL SUBSETS EXPRESS HIGHER LEVELS OF PROIL-1BETA THAN UNSTIMULATED MONOCYTES, DESPITE RELATIVELY LOW IL1B MRNA LEVELS. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL1B TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION IN CD4 T CELLS UPON EX VIVO CD3/CD28 ACTIVATION, AND A SIMILAR ELEVATION IN THE CCR5+ EFFECTOR MEMORY POPULATION COMPARED TO CCR5- T CELLS IN VIVO. THE RAPID AND VIGOROUS INCREASE IN IL1B GENE TRANSCRIPTION FOR STIMULATED MONOCYTES HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF SPI-1/PU.1 (SPI1), A MYELOID-LINEAGE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, PRE-BOUND TO THE PROMOTER. IN THE CASE OF CD4 T CELLS, THIS INCREASE OCCURRED DESPITE THE LACK OF DETECTABLE SPI1 AT THE IL1B PROMOTER. ADDITIONALLY, WE FOUND ALTERED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IL1B LOCUS IN CD3/CD28-ACTIVATED CD4 T CELLS. UNLIKE MONOCYTES, ACTIVATED CD4 T CELLS POSSESS BIVALENT H3K4ME3+/H3K27ME3+ NUCLEOSOME MARKS AT THE IL1B PROMOTER, REFLECTING LOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT A MODEL IN WHICH THE IL1B GENE IN CD4 T CELLS IS TRANSCRIBED FROM A LOW-ACTIVITY BIVALENT PROMOTER INDEPENDENT OF SPI1. ACCUMULATED CYTOPLASMIC PROIL-1BETA MAY ULTIMATELY BE CLEAVED TO MATURE 17 KDA BIOACTIVE IL-1BETA, REGULATING T CELL POLARIZATION AND PATHOGENIC CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  1862 28 EMERGENCE OF FIBROBLASTS WITH A PROINFLAMMATORY EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED PHENOTYPE IN SEVERE HYPOXIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. PERSISTENT ACCUMULATION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY ADVENTITIAL/PERIVASCULAR AREAS OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED. THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES REMAIN UNCLEAR. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PERIVASCULAR INFLAMMATION IS PERPETUATED BY ACTIVATED ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLASTS, WHICH, THROUGH SUSTAINED PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES AND ADHESION MOLECULES, INDUCE ACCUMULATION, RETENTION, AND ACTIVATION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES. WE FURTHER HYPOTHESIZED THAT THIS PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE IS THE RESULT OF THE ABNORMAL ACTIVITY OF HISTONE-MODIFYING ENZYMES, SPECIFICALLY, CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). PULMONARY ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLASTS FROM CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC HYPERTENSIVE CALVES (TERMED PH-FIBS) EXPRESSED A CONSTITUTIVE AND PERSISTENT PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE DEFINED BY HIGH EXPRESSION OF IL-1BETA, IL-6, CCL2(MCP-1), CXCL12(SDF-1), CCL5(RANTES), CCR7, CXCR4, GM-CSF, CD40, CD40L, AND VCAM-1. THE PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE OF PH-FIBS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS AS DEMONSTRATED BY INCREASED ACTIVITY OF HDACS AND THE FINDINGS THAT CLASS I HDAC INHIBITORS MARKEDLY DECREASED CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THESE CELLS. PH-FIBS INDUCED INCREASED ADHESION OF THP-1 MONOCYTES AND PRODUCED SOLUBLE FACTORS THAT INDUCED INCREASED MIGRATION OF THP-1 AND MURINE BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES AS WELL AS ACTIVATED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES TO EXPRESS PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PROFIBROGENIC MEDIATORS (TIMP1 AND TYPE I COLLAGEN) AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. CLASS I HDAC INHIBITORS MARKEDLY REDUCED THE ABILITY OF PH-FIBS TO INDUCE MONOCYTE MIGRATION AND PROINFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION. THE EMERGENCE OF A DISTINCT ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLAST POPULATION WITH AN EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE CAPABLE OF RECRUITING, RETAINING, AND ACTIVATING MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES CHARACTERIZES PULMONARY HYPERTENSION-ASSOCIATED VASCULAR REMODELING AND THUS COULD CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY WALL.	2011