1  5120 116 POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY EFFECT OF DYSREGULATED CIRCULAR RNAS IN EPILEPSY. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) INVOLVE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND ITS MAJOR MECHANISM IS THE SEQUESTRATION OF THE TARGET MICRO RNAS (MIRNAS). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CIRCRNAS MIGHT BE RELATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND EVALUATED THE ALTERED CIRCRNA EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR POSSIBLE REGULATORY EFFECTS ON THEIR TARGET MIRNAS AND MRNAS IN A MOUSE EPILEPSY MODEL. THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE PILOCARPINE MICE WAS ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH CONTROL. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNA BINDING SITES (MIRNA RESPONSE ELEMENTS, MRE) IN THE DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET MIRNAS WAS EVALUATED. AS MIRNAS ALSO INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MRNAS, CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK, COMPRISED OF DYSREGULATED RNAS THAT TARGETS ONE ANOTHER WERE SEARCHED. FOR THE IDENTIFIED NETWORKS, BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED. AS THE RESULT, FORTY-THREE CIRCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (UP-REGULATED, 26; DOWN-REGULATED, 17). THE CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF MRE IN THOSE CIRCRNAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CHANGE IN THE RELEVANT TARGET MIRNA EXPRESSION (R = -0.461, P<0.001), SUPPORTING THAT CIRCRNAS INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MIRNA. 333 DYSREGULATED CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORKS WERE IDENTIFIED. GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED THAT THE UP-REGULATED MRNAS IN THOSE NETWORKS WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE MAJOR PROCESSES IN EPILEPSY. AMONG THEM, STRING ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 37 KEY MRNAS WITH ABUNDANT (>/=4) INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DYSREGULATED TARGET MRNAS. THE DYSREGULATION OF THE CIRCRNAS WHICH HAD MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS WITH KEY MRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY PCR. WE CONCLUDED THAT DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS MIGHT HAVE A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC ROLE IN CHRONIC EPILEPSY BY REGULATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RELEVANT MRNAS VIA CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA INTERACTIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  1227  36 CRITICAL ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: OVEREXPRESSION OF THE ONCOGENE PLAG1 BY DEREGULATED MIRNAS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE SMALL, GENE ENCODED RNAS WHICH ARE ABLE TO INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION IN BINDING TO THE 3'UTR OF MRNAS. COMPARED TO HEALTHY TISSUES, THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS IN CANCEROUS TISSUE IS FREQUENTLY DOWN-REGULATED. LIKEWISE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), DOWN-REGULATION OF SEVERAL MIRNAS HAS BEEN REPORTED. ANALYSIS OF MIRNA PROMOTERS FOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS REVEALED A STRONGER METHYLATION OF DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS IN CLL. TO DATE, SEVERAL TARGET GENES AFFECTED BY DEREGULATED MIRNAS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED THAT HAVE IMPACT ON CLL PATHOGENESIS. THE BEST-DESCRIBED CONSEQUENCE OF MIRNA DEREGULATION IS FOR MIRNA-15/16 CLUSTER DELETION, WHICH IS FREQUENTLY DOWN-REGULATED IN A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS WITH CLL CARRYING 13Q14 DELETION. SO FAR, MODELS FOR MIRNA DEREGULATION HAVE ADDRESSED JUST SINGLE MIRNAS. FOR ASSESSMENT OF COMPLETE MIRNA DEREGULATION, FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS FROM MICROARRAY STUDIES IS NEEDED. PREVIOUSLY WE IDENTIFIED THE ONCOGENE PLAG1, WHOSE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY VARIOUS MIRNAS DEREGULATED IN CLL. THE INVOLVEMENT OF MIRNAS IN PLAG1 EXPRESSION WAS SHOWN TO BE RELEVANT IN PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMAS OF THE SALIVARY GLAND, TOO. AS PLAG1 IS HIGHLY OVEREXPRESSED, AND ITS TARGET GENES APPEAR TO BE DEREGULATED IN CLL, E.G. BCL-2, PLAG1 IS A PUTATIVE NEW RELEVANT ONCOGENE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLL.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  4350  32 MIR-181A-5P IS A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CHARACTERIZED BY DEMYELINATION AND AXONAL DEGENERATION. ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MS PATHOLOGY. IN THIS COHORT STUDY, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE FOUR MIRNAS (HSA-MIR-155-5P, HSA-MIR-9-5P, HSA-MIR-181A-5P, AND HSA-MIR-125B-5P) WAS INVESTIGATED IN 69 INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING 39 MS PATIENTS (RELAPSING-REMITTING MS (RRMS), N = 27; SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MS (SPMS), N = 12) AND 30 HEALTHY CONTROLS. IN SILICO ANALYSES REVEALED POSSIBLE GENES AND PATHWAYS SPECIFIC TO MIRNAS. PERIPHERAL BLOOD MIRNA EXPRESSIONS WERE DETECTED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QPCR). HSA-MIR-181A-5P WAS DOWNREGULATED AND ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MS RISK (P = 0.012). THE OTHER THREE MIRNAS WERE UPREGULATED AND NOT ASSOCIATED WITH MS (P < 0.05). THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC) IS 0.779. IN SILICO ANALYSES SHOWED THAT HSA-MIR-181A-5P MAY PARTICIPATE IN MS PATHOLOGY BY TARGETING MAP2K1, CREB1, ATXN1, AND ATXN3 GENES IN INFLAMMATION AND NEURODEGENERATION PATHWAYS. THE CIRCULATORY HSA-MIR-181A-5P CAN REGULATE TARGET GENES, REVERSING THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN MS PATHOLOGIES SUCH AS PROTEIN UPTAKE AND PROCESSING, CELL PROLIFERATION AND SURVIVAL, INFLAMMATION, AND NEURODEGENERATION. THUS, THIS MIRNA COULD BE USED AS AN EPIGENOMIC-GUIDED DIAGNOSTIC TOOL AND FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  4364  33 MIRNA DEREGULATION BY EPIGENETIC SILENCING DISRUPTS SUPPRESSION OF THE ONCOGENE PLAG1 IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. MICRORNAS (MIRNA) PLAY A KEY ROLE IN CELLULAR REGULATION AND, IF DEREGULATED, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS INCLUDING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). RNAS FROM PRIMARY CELLS OF 50 TREATMENT-NAIVE CLL PATIENTS AND PERIPHERAL B CELLS OF 14 HEALTHY DONORS WERE APPLIED TO MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILING USING BEAD CHIP TECHNOLOGY. IN CLL CELLS, A SET OF 7 UP- AND 19 DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS WAS IDENTIFIED. AMONG THE MIRNAS DOWN-REGULATED IN CLL CELLS, 6 OF 10 MIRNA PROMOTERS EXAMINED SHOWED GAIN OF METHYLATION COMPARED WITH NORMAL B-CELL CONTROLS. SUBSEQUENT TARGET PREDICTION OF DEREGULATED MIRNAS REVEALED A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT BINDING PREDICTION AT THE 3' UNTRANSLATED REGION OF THE PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA GENE 1 (PLAG1) ONCOGENE. LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAYS INCLUDING SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF BINDING SITES REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT REGULATION OF PLAG1 BY MIR-181A, MIR-181B, MIR-107, AND MIR-424. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSION OF PLAG1 MRNA WAS NOT AFFECTED, PLAG1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION WAS SHOWN TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN CLL CELLS COMPARED WITH THE LEVELS IN HEALTHY DONOR B CELLS. IN SUMMARY, WE COULD DEMONSTRATE DISRUPTION OF MIRNA-MEDIATED TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL, PARTLY DUE TO EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF MIRNAS, WITH SUBSEQUENT OVEREXPRESSION OF THE ONCOGENIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PLAG1 AS A PUTATIVE NOVEL MECHANISM OF CLL PATHOGENESIS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  4287  37 MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILING IN BEHCET'S DISEASE. BACKGROUND: BEHCET'S DISEASE (BD) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MULTISYSTEM DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY ORAL AND GENITAL ULCERS, UVEITIS, AND SKIN LESIONS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KEY REGULATORS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS HAS BEEN REPORTED IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HOWEVER, THEIR ROLE IN BD IS NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY MIRNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD AND TO INVESTIGATE THEIR POTENTIAL IMPLICATION IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. METHODS: MIRNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN BLOOD CELLS OF BD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE ANALYZED USING AFFYMETRIX ARRAYS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE OF MIRNA SEQUENCES. PATHWAY ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED, AND THE GLOBAL MIRNA PROFILING WAS COMBINED WITH TRANSCRIPTOMA DATA IN BD. DEREGULATION OF SELECTED MIRNAS WAS VALIDATED BY REAL-TIME PCR. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED SPECIFIC MIRNA SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE DISEASE. THESE MIRNAS TARGET PATHWAYS RELEVANT IN BD, SUCH AS TNF, IFN GAMMA, AND VEGF-VEGFR SIGNALING CASCADES. NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED SEVERAL MIRNAS REGULATING HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES WITHIN THE BD TRANSCRIPTOMA. CONCLUSIONS: THE COMBINED ANALYSIS OF DEREGULATED MIRNAS AND BD TRANSCRIPTOME SHEDS LIGHT ON SOME EPIGENETIC ASPECTS OF BD IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC MIRNAS, WHICH MAY REPRESENT PROMISING CANDIDATES AS BIOMARKERS AND/OR FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN BD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  6396  38 THE ROLE OF THE MIR-148/-152 FAMILY IN PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASE. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE ENDOGENOUSLY ENCODED APPROXIMATELY 22 NT SMALL NON-CODING RNAS. THEY FUNCTION AS KEY PLAYERS OF MANY CELLULAR PROCESSES BY BASE PAIRING WITH TARGET MRNAS AND THEREBY IMPAIRING GENE EXPRESSION AT THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. RECENT FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE A CRITICAL ROLE OF MANY MIRNAS IN IMMUNE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES, WHICH IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF MANY TUMOR AND NON-TUMOR DISEASES. HERE WE REVIEW THE MULTIFACETED MIRNA-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS CONSISTING OF MIR-148A, MIR-148B AND MIR-152. NEXT TO REGULATION MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF THIS MIRNA FAMILY, WE WILL FOCUS ON (I) THE ROLE OF MIR-148A IN REGULATING B AND T LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION AND ITS ROLE IN ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND (II) THE IMPORTANCE OF MIR-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS FOR CANCER INITIATION, TUMOR GROWTH AND METASTASIS FORMATION. IN ADDITION, THIS REVIEW AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT SOME SELECTED TARGETS OF THE MIRNA-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS, WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER AND MAINTENANCE OF EPIGENETIC PATTERNS. IN CONCLUSION, MEMBERS OF THE MIR-148/-152 FAMILY MIGHT REPRESENT PROGNOSTIC MARKERS AND/OR POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND MULTIPLE TYPES OF CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  4368  39 MIRNA-DEPENDENT CD4(+) T CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS CHARACTERIZED BY MULTIFOCAL LESIONS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION, AND DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES WITHIN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) LEADING TO DEMYELINATION. THE MOST IMPORTANT CELLS INVOLVED IN ITS PATHOGENESIS ARE THOSE WHICH ARE CD4(+), PARTICULARLY PROINFLAMMATORY TH1/TH17 AND REGULATORY TREG. SIGNAL CASCADES ASSOCIATED WITH CD4(+) DIFFERENTIATION ARE REGULATED BY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS): SHORT, SINGLE-STRANDED RNAS, RESPONSIBLE FOR NEGATIVE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AT THE POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. SEVERAL MIRNAS HAVE BEEN CONSISTENTLY REPORTED AS SHOWING DYSREGULATED EXPRESSION IN MS, AND THEIR EXPRESSION PATTERNS MAY BE ELEVATED OR DECREASED, DEPENDING ON THE FUNCTION OF SPECIFIC MIRNA IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. STUDIES IN MS PATIENTS INDICATE THAT, AMONG OTHERS, MIR-141, MIR-200A, MIR-155, MIR-223, AND MIR-326 ARE UPREGULATED, WHILE MIR-15B, MIR-20B, MIR-26A, AND MIR-30A ARE DOWNREGULATED. DYSREGULATION OF THESE MIRNAS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE IMBALANCE BETWEEN PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES, SINCE THEIR TARGETS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE REGULATION OF TH1/TH17 AND TREG CELL DIFFERENTIATION. HIGHLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS CAN IN TURN SUPPRESS TRANSLATION OF KEY TH1/TH17 DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORS. MIRNA DYSREGULATION MAY RESULT FROM THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS FACTORS AT EACH STAGE OF THEIR BIOGENESIS. IMMATURE MIRNA UNDERGOES MULTISTAGE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS; THEREFORE, ANY PROTEIN INVOLVED IN THE PROCESSING OF MIRNAS CAN POTENTIALLY LEAD TO DISTURBANCES IN THEIR EXPRESSION. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON MIRNA GENE TRANSCRIPTION MAY ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  3752  35 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED THE INVOLVEMENT OF HSA_CIRC_0007919 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. BACKGROUND: ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS UNDERLYING THE OCCURRENCE. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) HAVE BEEN UNDER INTENSIVE FOCUS DUE TO THE CIRCULAR CONSTRUCT AND GENE-REGULATING FUNCTIONS. HOWEVER, THE CHANGES AND ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN UC REMAIN UNKNOWN. METHODS: MICROARRAYS WERE USED TO DETECT THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES, AND QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO IDENTIFY THE CHANGES IN UC. IN SILICO ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED TO PREDICT THE FUNCTIONS OF CIRCRNAS AND MRNAS. IN VITRO, EPITHELIAL CELL LINES WERE STIMULATED BY PRO-INFLAMMATION EFFECTORS TO TEST THE ALTERATIONS IN CIRCRNAS. CIRCRNAS-MICRORNAS-MRNAS NETWORK CLARIFIED THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CIRCRNAS IN UC. THE BINDING SITE BETWEEN HSA_CIRC_0007919 AND MIR-138 OR LET-7A WAS VERIFIED USING DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 264 SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND 1869 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN INFLAMED MUCOSA WERE COMPARED WITH THE NON-INFLAMED MUCOSA IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0004662 AND HSA_CIRC_0007919 WERE ALTERED LARGELY IN UC TISSUES. HSA_CIRC_0007919 WAS REDUCED PERSISTENTLY AFTER INFLAMMATORY TREATMENTS, AND IT WAS RELEVANT TO MAYO ENDOSCOPIC SUBSCORES AND THE EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION MOLECULES. FINALLY, HSA_CIRC_0007919 COULD HARBOR MIR-138, AND LET-7A TO REGULATE THE TARGETED MRNAS EPC1 AND VIPR1. CONCLUSIONS: SEVERAL CIRCRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN UC. HSA_CIRC_0007919 IS RELATED TO CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY BY BINDING TO HSA-LET-7A, HSA-MIR-138 TO REGULATE THE TARGET GENES. CIRCRNAS, ESPECIALLY HSA_CIRC_0007919, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF UC, WITH POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  3486  33 IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON MICRORNA BETWEEN COPD AND NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER THROUGH PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: DIFFERENT FACTORS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED WHICH INFLUENCE THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC). COPD AS AN INDEPENDENT FACTOR IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG CANCER. MOREOVER, THERE ARE CERTAIN RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN NSCLC AND COPD, SUCH AS GROWTH FACTORS, ACTIVATION OF INTRACELLULAR PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC FACTORS. ONE OF THE BEST APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND THE POSSIBLE SHARED PATHOGENESIS ROUTES BETWEEN COPD AND NSCLC IS TO STUDY THE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS THAT ARE ACTIVATED. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE CRITICAL BIOMOLECULES THAT IMPLICATE THE REGULATION OF SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR PROCESSES. AS SUCH, THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO USE A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO DISCOVER COMMON DYSREGULATED MIRNAS BETWEEN COPD AND NSCLC, ONE THAT TARGETS MOST GENES WITHIN COMMON ENRICHED PATHWAYS. RESULTS: TO RECONSTRUCT THE MIRNA-PATHWAYS FOR EACH DISEASE, WE USED THE MICROARRAY MIRNA EXPRESSION DATA. THEN, WE EMPLOYED "MIRNA SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS" (MIRSEA) TO IDENTIFY THE MOST SIGNIFICANT JOINT MIRNAS BETWEEN COPD AND NSCLC BASED ON THE ENRICHMENT SCORES. OVERALL, OUR STUDY REVEALED THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE TARGETS OF MIRNAS (SUCH AS HAS-MIR-15B, HSA-MIR-106A, HAS-MIR-17, HAS-MIR-103, AND HAS-MIR-107) IN THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMON BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. CONCLUSIONS: ACCORDING TO THE PROMISING RESULTS OF THE PATHWAY ANALYSIS, THE IDENTIFIED MIRNAS CAN BE UTILIZED AS THE NEW POTENTIAL SIGNATURES FOR THERAPY THROUGH UNDERSTANDING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF BOTH DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  4288  26 MICRORNA IN LEUKEMIA: TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND ONCOGENES WITH PROGNOSTIC POTENTIAL. LEUKEMIA IS KNOWN AS A PROGRESSIVE MALIGNANT DISEASE, WHICH DESTROYS THE BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS AND RESULTS IN ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEUKOCYTES AND THEIR PRECURSORS IN THE BLOOD AND BONE MARROW. THERE ARE FOUR MAIN CLASSES OF LEUKEMIA INCLUDING ACUTE LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA, AND LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. GIVEN THAT A VARIETY OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEUKEMIA. ONE OF THE IMPORTANT FACTORS IS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS SUCH AS MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND LONG NONCODING RNAS (NCRNA). MIRNAS ARE SHORT NCRNAS WHICH ACT AS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR (I.E., MIR-15, MIR-16, LET-7, AND MIR-127) OR ONCOGENE (I.E., MIR-155, MIR-17-92, MIR-21, MIR-125B, MIR-93, MIR-143-P3, MIR-196B, AND MIR-223) IN LEUKEMIA. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT DEREGULATION OF THESE MOLECULES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF LEUKEMIA. HENCE, MIRNAS COULD BE USED AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LEUKEMIA. MOREOVER, INCREASING EVIDENCE REVEALED THAT MIRNAS COULD BE USED AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS IN MONITORING PATIENTS IN EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE OR AFTER RECEIVED CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMEN. IT SEEMS THAT IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MIRNAS COULD PAVE TO THE WAY TO THE DEVELOPMENT NEW THERAPEUTIC PLATFORMS FOR PATIENTS WITH LEUKEMIA. HERE, WE SUMMARIZED VARIOUS MIRNAS AS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR AND ONCOGENE WHICH COULD BE INTRODUCED AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN TREATMENT OF LEUKEMIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
11  1026  35 CIRCULATING MIRNAS EXPRESSION IN MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A COMPLEX MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE THAT CAUSES INCREASING MORBIDITY WORLDWIDE, AND MANY INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS SYMPTOMS REMAIN UNDIAGNOSED DUE TO THE LACK OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS. ITS ETIOLOGY IS STILL UNKNOWN, BUT INCREASING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS A ROLE OF HERPESVIRUSES (INCLUDING HHV-6A AND HHV-6B) AS POTENTIAL TRIGGERS. INTERESTINGLY, THE INFECTION BY THESE VIRUSES HAS BEEN REPORTED TO IMPACT THE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), SHORT NON-CODING RNA SEQUENCES WHICH HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE EPIGENETIC FACTORS MODULATING ME/CFS PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS. NOTABLY, THE PRESENCE OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN PLASMA HAS RAISED THE POSSIBILITY TO USE THEM AS VALUABLE BIOMARKERS FOR DISTINGUISHING ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. THUS, THIS STUDY AIMED AT DETERMINING THE ROLE OF EIGHT MIRNAS, WHICH WERE SELECTED FOR THEIR PREVIOUS ASSOCIATION WITH ME/CFS, AS POTENTIAL CIRCULATING BIOMARKERS OF THE DISEASE. THEIR PRESENCE WAS QUANTITATIVELY EVALUATED IN PLASMA FROM 40 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 20 HEALTHY CONTROLS BY SPECIFIC TAQMAN ASSAYS, AND THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SIX OUT OF THE EIGHT OF THE SELECTED MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTLY EXPRESSED IN PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS; MORE SPECIFICALLY, FIVE MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED (MIR-127-3P, MIR-142-5P, MIR-143-3P, MIR-150-5P, AND MIR-448), AND ONE WAS DOWNMODULATED (MIR-140-5P). MIRNA LEVELS DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH DISEASE SEVERITY, WHEREAS NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS WERE OBSERVED WITH THE PLASMA LEVELS OF SEVEN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES OR WITH THE PRESENCE/LOAD OF HHV-6A/6B GENOME, AS JUDGED BY SPECIFIC PCR AMPLIFICATION. THE RESULTS MAY OPEN THE WAY FOR FURTHER VALIDATION OF MIRNAS AS NEW POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN ME/CFS AND INCREASE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPLEX PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE ME/CFS DEVELOPMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12  4059  32 MASSIVE ANALYSIS OF CDNA ENDS (MACE) AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PROATHEROGENIC PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BURDEN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS. ALTHOUGH MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), NO DATA ON MIRNA DYSREGULATION IN CKD-ASSOCIATED CVD ARE AVAILABLE UNTIL NOW. WE NOW PERFORMED HIGH-THROUGHPUT MIRNA SEQUENCING OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM TEN CLINICALLY STABLE HEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS AND TEN HEALTHY CONTROLS, WHICH ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY 182 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS (E.G., MIR-21, MIR-26B, MIR-146B, MIR-155). TO TEST BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE, WE AIMED TO CONNECT MIRNA DYSREGULATION TO DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION. GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING BY MACE (MASSIVE ANALYSIS OF CDNA ENDS) IDENTIFIED 80 GENES TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN HD PATIENTS AND CONTROLS, WHICH COULD BE LINKED TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (E.G., KLF6, DUSP6, KLF4), TO INFECTION / IMMUNE DISEASE (E.G., ZFP36, SOCS3, JUND), AND TO DISTINCT PROATHEROGENIC PATHWAYS SUCH AS THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., IL1B, MYD88, TICAM2), THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., DUSP1, FOS, HSPA1A), AND THE CHEMOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., RHOA, PAK1, CXCL5). FORMAL INTERACTION NETWORK ANALYSIS PROVED BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF MIRNA DYSREGULATION, AS 68 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS COULD BE CONNECTED TO 47 RECIPROCALLY EXPRESSED TARGET GENES. OUR STUDY IS THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE MIRNA ANALYSIS IN CKD THAT LINKS DYSREGULATED MIRNA EXPRESSION WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES CONNECTED TO INFLAMMATION AND CVD. AFTER RECENT ANIMAL DATA SUGGESTED THAT TARGETING MIRNAS IS BENEFICIAL IN EXPERIMENTAL CVD, OUR DATA MAY NOW SPUR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF CKD-ASSOCIATED HUMAN CVD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
13  6907  26 [THE ROLE OF THE CIRCULAR RNAS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER NEUROIMMUNE DISORDERS]. IN RECENT YEARS NON-CODING RNAS HAVE RECEIVED INCREASING ATTENTION AS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, WITH PARTICULAR ROLE OF MICRO RNAS. AS THE REGULATION OF MIRNA EXPRESSION IS HIGHLY DYNAMIC AND COMPLEX, GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THE EXISTENCE OF ANOTHER HIGHER LEVEL OF REGULATORY MECHANISM INVOLVED IN MIRNA ACTIVITY - CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS). CIRCRNAS REPRESENT NOVEL, UNIQUE CLASS OF ENDOGENOUS NCRNAS CONTROLLING THE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF MIRNA. THEY ARE CALLED NATURAL MIRNA "SPONGES". ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE REVEALS CIRCRNAS ROLE IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING CNS AND IMMUNE REGULATION. PREVIOUS STUDIES IMPLICATED MIRNAS IN REGULATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DEMYELINATION IN MS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING DISORDER OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. WHILE THE ETIOLOGY OF MS IS STILL NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT IT IS A MULTIFACTORIAL ENTITY WITH SIGNIFICANT INVOLVEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE PROCESSES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14  1019  33 CIRCRNA-MIRNA CROSS-TALK IN THE TRANSITION FROM PAROXYSMAL TO PERMANENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. BACKGROUND: ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) IS THE MOST PREVALENT CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA IN WESTERN COUNTRIES. THE FACTORS GOVERNING THE PROGRESSION OF AF TO A PERMANENT CHRONIC CONDITION ARE STILL NOT WELL CHARACTERIZED. AMONG EPIGENETIC FACTORS, NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) SUCH AS MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DESCRIBED AS IMPORTANT PLAYERS INVOLVED IN THE AF PROGRESSION. WE HYPOTHESIZE ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF ADDITIONAL REGULATORY LAYERS IN AF INVOLVING AN INTRICATE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN DIFFERENT NCRNA SPECIES, NAMELY MIRNAS AND CIRCRNAS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CHRONIC AF CONDITION. METHODS AND RESULTS: WE HAVE PERFORMED AN UNBIASED STUDY ANALYZING THE EXPRESSION PROFILE FOR MIRNAS AND CIRCRNAS IN LEFT-ATRIAL BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH PAROXYSMAL AND PERMANENT AF BY RNA-SEQ. THE TRANSITION FROM PAROXYSMAL TO PERMANENT AF IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PATTERN OF DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS, CONCOMITANT TO THE APPEARANCE OF SPECIFIC CIRCRNA SPECIES. THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPONGING ACTIVITIES OF THE CIRCRNAS EXCLUSIVELY EXPRESSED IN PERMANENT AF SAMPLES, ALLOWED US TO DETERMINE THAT THEY COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DOWNREGULATION OF SPECIFIC MIRNAS IN ESTABLISHMENT OF A PERMANENT AF CONDITION. CONCLUSION: SPONGING ACTIVITY OF CIRCRNAS SEQUESTERING SPECIFIC MIRNAS IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN AF PROGRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15  1568  25 DNA METHYLATION OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR MIRNA GENES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE GENOME INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF NUMEROUS CELLULAR PROCESSES THROUGH GENE SILENCING WITHOUT ALTERING DNA SEQUENCES. MIRNAS, A CLASS OF SINGLE-STRANDED NONCODING RNAS OF 19-25 NUCLEOTIDES IN LENGTH, FUNCTION AS POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION LEADING TO MRNA CLEAVAGE OR TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSION OF THEIR CORRESPONDING TARGET PROTEIN-CODING GENES. RECENTLY, DYSREGULATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MIRNAS MEDIATED BY PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS IMPLICATED IN HUMAN CANCERS, INCLUDING B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). MOREOVER, IT APPEARS THAT METHYLATED MIRNA GENES COULD BE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR CLL DIAGNOSIS OR THERAPY. THIS REVIEW WILL HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF ABERRANT METHYLATION OF MIRNA GENES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  3504  40 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY FUNCTIONAL CIRCRNAS AND PREDICTION OF CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK IN PERIODONTITIS: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BIOINFORMATICS AND CLINICAL NEEDS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: PERIODONTITIS IS A MULTIFACTORIAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT CAN LEAD TO THE IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION OF DENTAL SUPPORT TISSUES. AS AN EPIGENETIC FACTOR, THE EXPRESSION OF CIRCRNA IS TISSUE-DEPENDENT AND DISEASE-DEPENDENT. THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL PERIODONTITIS-ASSOCIATED CIRCRNAS AND PREDICT RELEVANT CIRCRNA-PERIODONTITIS REGULATORY NETWORK BY USING RECENTLY DEVELOPED BIOINFORMATIC TOOLS AND INTEGRATING SEQUENCING PROFILING WITH CLINICAL INFORMATION FOR GETTING A BETTER AND MORE THOROUGH IMAGE OF PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS, FROM GENE TO CLINIC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING AND RT-QPCR WERE CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS IN GINGIVAL TISSUES FROM PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS EXPRESSION AND PROBING DEPTH (PD) WAS PERFORMED USING SPEARMAN'S CORRELATION ANALYSIS. BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES INCLUDING GO ANALYSIS, CIRCRNA-DISEASE ASSOCIATION PREDICTION, AND CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORK PREDICTION WERE PERFORMED TO CLARIFY POTENTIAL REGULATORY FUNCTIONS OF IDENTIFIED CIRCRNAS IN PERIODONTITIS. A RECEIVER-OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVE WAS ESTABLISHED TO ASSESS THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF IDENTIFIED CIRCRNAS. RESULTS: HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED 70 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS (68 UPREGULATED AND 2 DOWNREGULATED CIRCRNAS) IN HUMAN PERIODONTITIS (FOLD CHANGE >2.0 AND P < .05). THE TOP FIVE UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR THAT HAD STRONG ASSOCIATIONS WITH MULTIPLE HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING PERIODONTITIS. THE UPREGULATION OF CIRCRNAS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH PD (R = .40-.69, P < .05, MODERATE). A CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORK WITH THE TOP FIVE UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS, DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS, AND OVERLAPPED PREDICTED MIRNAS INDICATED POTENTIAL ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELL APOPTOSIS, MIGRATION, ADHESION, AND REACTION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS. THE ROC CURVE SHOWED THAT CIRCRNAS HAD POTENTIAL VALUE IN PERIODONTITIS DIAGNOSIS (AUC = 0.7321-0.8667, P < .05). CONCLUSION: CIRCRNA-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS WERE PREDICTED BY ONLINE BIOINFORMATIC TOOLS. POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS, CIRCPTP4A2, CHR22:23101560-23135351+, CIRCARHGEF28, CIRCBARD1 AND CIRCRASA2, AND PD SUGGESTED FUNCTION OF CIRCRNAS IN PERIODONTITIS. NETWORK PREDICTION FURTHER FOCUSED ON DOWNSTREAM TARGETS REGULATED BY CIRCRNAS DURING PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS.	2022	

17  5891  34 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE-IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL MIRNA REGULATORS. HEART FAILURE (HF) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE ENTITY WITH HIGH CLINICAL IMPACT, POORLY UNDERSTOOD PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND SCANTLY KNOWN MIRNA-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE HAVE ANALYSED MIRNA PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HF (CHF) AND A SEX- AND AGE-MATCHED REFERENCE GROUP AND PURSUED AN IN SILICO SYSTEM BIOLOGY ANALYSIS TO DISCERN PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN CHF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. TWENTY-EIGHT MIRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED IN CHF THAT WERE UP-REGULATED IN THE REFERENCE GROUP, AND EIGHT OF THEM WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR. IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF PREDICTED TARGETS BY STRING PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORKS REVEALED EIGHT CLUSTER NETWORKS (INVOLVING SEVEN OF THE IDENTIFIED MIRNAS) ENRICHED IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CELL CYCLE, RAS, CHEMOKINE, PI3K-AKT AND TGF-BETA SIGNALING. BY ROC CURVE ANALYSIS, COMBINED PROBABILITIES OF THESE SEVEN MIRNAS (LET-7A-5P, MIR-107, MIR-125A-5P, MIR-139-5P, MIR-150-5P, MIR-30B-5P AND MIR-342-3P; CLUSTERS 1-4 [C:1-4]), DISCRIMINATED BETWEEN HF WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION (HFPEF) AND HF WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION (HFREF), AND ISCHAEMIC AND NON-ISCHAEMIC AETIOLOGY. A COMBINATION OF MIR-107, MIR-139-5P AND MIR-150-5P, INVOLVED IN CLUSTERS 5 AND 7 (C:5+7), DISCRIMINATED HFPEF FROM HFREF. PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF MIRNAS PRESENT IN C:1-4 (LET-7A-5P, MIR-125A-5P, MIR-30B-5P AND MIR-342-3P) REVEALED PATHWAYS RELATED TO HF PATHOGENESIS. IN CONCLUSION, WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A DIFFERENTIAL SIGNATURE OF DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HF PATIENTS AND PROPOSE NOVEL CELLULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CHF PATHOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18   263  22 ADVANCES WITH LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. LONG NON-CODING RNAS (?LNCRNAS) ?ARE A GROUP OF NON-CODING RNAS LONGER THAN 200 NUCLEOTIDES, WHICH ARE DEFINED AS TRANSCRIPTS. THE LNCRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION AT EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE FOUND THAT LNCRNA IS CLOSELY RELATED TO MANY DISEASES LIKE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES, ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS. DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (DPN) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE HIGHLIGHT THE LATEST RESEARCH RELATED TO LNCRNAS IN DPN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  1022  35 CIRCULAR RNA HSA_CIRC_0098181 INHIBITS METASTASIS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING THE HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY VIA INTERACTION WITH EEF2. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS A MULTI-STEP PROCESS THAT ACCUMULATES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, INCLUDING CHANGES IN CIRCULAR RNA (CIRCRNA). THIS STUDY AIMED TO UNDERSTAND THE ALTERATIONS IN CIRCRNA EXPRESSION IN HCC DEVELOPMENT AND METASTASIS AND TO EXPLORE THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF CIRCRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TEN PAIRS OF ADJACENT CHRONIC HEPATITIS TISSUES AND HCC TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITHOUT VENOUS METASTASES, AND TEN HCC TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH VENOUS METASTASES WERE ANALYZED USING HUMAN CIRCRNA MICROARRAYS. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS WERE THEN VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE ROLES OF THE CIRCRNA IN HCC PROGRESSION. RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY, MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WERE CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE THE PROTEIN PARTNERS OF THE CIRCRNA. RESULTS: CIRCRNA MICROARRAYS REVEALED THAT THE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CIRCRNAS ACROSS THE THREE GROUPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT. AMONG THESE, HSA_CIRC_0098181 WAS VALIDATED TO BE LOWLY EXPRESSED AND ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN HCC PATIENTS. ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF HSA_CIRC_0098181 DELAYED HCC METASTASIS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. MECHANISTICALLY, HSA_CIRC_0098181 SEQUESTERED EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR 2 (EEF2) AND DISSOCIATED EEF2 FROM FILAMENTOUS ACTIN (F-ACTIN) TO PREVENT F-ACTIN FORMATION, WHICH BLOCKED ACTIVATION OF THE HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY. IN ADDITION, THE RNA BINDING PROTEIN QUAKING-5 BOUND DIRECTLY TO HSA_CIRC_0098181 AND INDUCED ITS BIOGENESIS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY REVEALS CHANGES IN CIRCRNA EXPRESSION FROM CHRONIC HEPATITIS, PRIMARY HCC, TO METASTATIC HCC. FURTHER, THE QKI5-HSA_CIRC_0098181-EEF2-HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY EXERTS A REGULATORY ROLE IN HCC.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20  1718  43 DYSREGULATED LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MOUSE MODEL. PURPOSE: TO PERFORM COMPREHENSIVE PROFILING OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. METHODS: WE PERFORMED EXTENSIVE PROFILING OF LNCRNAS AND MRNAS IN THE MOUSE PILOCARPINE MODEL IN SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS, THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX, AND COMPARED THE RESULTS TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MOUSE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS AND MRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH A MICROARRAY ANALYSIS (ARRAYSTAR MOUSE LNCRNA EXPRESSION MICROARRAY V3.0). THEN, GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL. PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS TRANSCRIBED BY DYSREGULATED MRNAS WITH/WITHOUT CO-DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WERE ANALYZED USING STRING V10 (HTTP://STRING-DB.ORG/). RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 22 AND 83 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED (>/=2.0-FOLD, ALL P < .05), RESPECTIVELY, IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL, WHILE 46 AND 659 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE CORTEX OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL. GO AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH A PROCESS ALREADY KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN EPILEPTOGENESIS: ACUTE INFLAMMATION, CALCIUM ION REGULATION, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, AND NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION. AMONG THE LNCRNAS, WE IDENTIFIED 10 LNCRNAS COMMONLY DYSREGULATED WITH CORRESPONDING MRNAS IN THE CORTEX. THE STRING ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE INTERCONNECTED AROUND TWO CENTERS: THE MTOR PATHWAY-RELATED GENES AND REST PATHWAY-RELATED GENES. CONCLUSION: LNCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE PILOCARPINE MOUSE MODEL ACCORDING TO THE BRAIN REGIONS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX. THE DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WITH CO-DYSREGULATED MRNAS MIGHT BE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY.	2018