1   532 107 ASTROCYTIC C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE-HISTONE DEACETYLASE-2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. DECREASE OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 (GLT-1) IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN AFTER NERVE INJURY INDUCES ENHANCED EXCITATORY TRANSMISSION AND CAUSES PERSISTENT PAIN. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS)-CATALYZED DEACETYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHILE THE DETAILED MECHANISMS HAVE YET TO BE FULLY ELABORATED. SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) INDUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES OF HDAC2 AND DECREASES OF GLT-1 IN SPINAL ASTROCYTES. INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF THE HDAC2 INHIBITORS ATTENUATED THE DECREASE OF GLT-1 AND ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS. GLT-1 AND PHOSPHORYLATED C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK) WERE HIGHLY COLOCALIZED IN THE SPINAL CORD, AND A LARGE NUMBER OF PJNK POSITIVE CELLS WERE HDAC2 POSITIVE. INTRATHECALLY INFUSION OF THE JNK INHIBITOR SP600125 SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED SNL-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF HDAC2. SNL-INDUCED HDAC2 UP-REGULATION COULD BE INHIBITED BY THE NEUTRALIZING ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) BINDING PROTEIN ETANERCEPT OR THE MICROGLIAL INHIBITOR MINOCYCLINE. IN CULTURED ASTROCYTES, TNF-ALPHA INDUCED ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF JNK AND A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF HDAC2, AS WELL AS A REMARKABLE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHICH COULD BE PREVENTED BY SP600125 OR THE HDAC2 SPECIFIC INHIBITOR CAY10683. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT ASTROCYTIC JNK-HDAC2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLT-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY COULD INDUCE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION CHANGES IN ASTROCYTES AND CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN MAINTENANCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  3830  35 INVOLVEMENT OF HISTONE LYSINE CROTONYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF NERVE-INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HISTONE LYSINE CROTONYLATION (KCR), A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, IS IMPORTANT IN REGULATING A BROAD SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND VARIOUS DISEASES. HOWEVER, WHETHER KCR IS INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. WE FOUND KCR OCCURS IN MACROPHAGES, SENSORY NEURONS, AND SATELLITE GLIAL CELLS OF TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA (TG), NEURONS, ASTROCYTES, AND MICROGLIA OF THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA. KCR IN TG WAS DETECTED MAINLY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SENSORY NEURONS, TO A LESSER EXTENT IN LARGE NEURONS. PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY ELEVATED KCR LEVELS IN MACROPHAGES IN THE TRIGEMINAL AND DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA AND MICROGLIA IN THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA BUT REDUCED KCR LEVELS IN SENSORY NEURONS. INHIBITION OF HISTONE CROTONYLTRANSFERASES (P300) BY INTRA-TG OR INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF C646 SIGNIFICANTLY ALLEVIATED PARTIAL INFRAORBITAL NERVE TRANSECTION (PIONT)- OR SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL)-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. INTRA-TG OR INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF CROTONYL COENZYME A TRILITHIUM SALT TO UPREGULATE KCR DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN MICE. MECHANISMLY, INHIBITION OF P300 ALLEVIATED PIONT-INDUCED MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION AND REDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF PAIN-RELATED INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES TNFALPHA, IL1BETA AND CHEMOKINES CCL2 AND CXCL10. CORRESPONDINGLY, EXOGENOUS CROTONYL-COA INDUCED MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION AND THE EXPRESSION OF TNFALPHA, IL1BETA, IL6, CCL2 AND CCL7 IN TG, WHICH C646 CAN REPRESS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT HISTONE CROTONYLATION MIGHT BE FUNCTIONALLY INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND NEUROINFLAMMATION REGULATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3   717  38 CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE REGULATES SPINAL MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION THROUGH THE HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 TRIMETHYLATION VIA ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG-2 IN RATS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) AS A MEDIATOR OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL MAY FACILITATE NOCICEPTIVE SIGNALING. TRIMETHYLATION OF H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27ME3) BY ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) IS AN EPIGENETIC MARK THAT REGULATES INFLAMMATORY-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CGRP AND H3K27ME3 IN MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND ELUCIDATED THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN. METHODS: MICROGLIAL CELLS (BV2) WERE TREATED WITH CGRP AND DIFFERENTIALLY ENRICHMENTS OF H3K27ME3 ON GENE PROMOTERS WERE EXAMINED USING CHIP-SEQ. A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) RAT MODEL WAS USED TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF CGRP ON MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AND EZH2/H3K27ME3 SIGNALING IN CCI-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. RESULTS: OVEREXPRESSIONS OF EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 WERE CONFIRMED IN SPINAL MICROGLIA OF CCI RATS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. CGRP TREATMENT INDUCED THE INCREASED OF H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN AND CULTURED MICROGLIAL CELLS (BV2) THROUGH EZH2. CHIP-SEQ DATA INDICATED THAT CGRP SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED H3K27ME3 ENRICHMENTS ON GENE PROMOTERS IN MICROGLIA FOLLOWING CGRP TREATMENT, INCLUDING 173 GAINING H3K27ME3 AND 75 LOSING THIS MARK, WHICH MOSTLY ENRICHED IN REGULATION OF CELL GROWTH, PHAGOSOME, AND INFLAMMATION. QRT-PCR VERIFIED EXPRESSIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE CANDIDATE GENES (TRAF3IP2, BCL2L11, ITGAM, DAB2, NLRP12, WNT3, ADAM10) AND REAL-TIME CELL ANALYSIS (RTCA) VERIFIED MICROGLIAL PROLIFERATION. ADDITIONALLY, CGRP TREATMENT AND CCI INCREASED EXPRESSIONS OF ITGAM, ADAM10, MCP-1, AND CX3CR1, KEY MEDIATORS OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN SPINAL DORSAL HORN AND CULTURED MICROGLIAL CELLS. SUCH INCREASED EFFECTS INDUCED BY CCI WERE SUPPRESSED BY CGRP ANTAGONIST AND EZH2 INHIBITOR, WHICH WERE CONCURRENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ATTENUATED MECHANICAL AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN CCI RATS. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS HIGHLY INDICATE THAT CGRP IS IMPLICATED IN THE GENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN THROUGH REGULATING MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION VIA EZH2-MEDIATED H3K27ME3 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  2751  34 EXPRESSION OF ACETYL-HISTONE H3 AND ACETYL-HISTONE H4 IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AND SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN RAT CHRONIC PAIN MODELS. AIMS: HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DEACETYLATION ARE TWO HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS THAT ARE USUALLY CONTROLLED BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). ALTHOUGH HATS OR HDACS INHIBITORS COULD RELIEVE PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITIES IN CHRONIC PAIN ANIMAL MODELS, IT IS NOT CLEAR ON THE EXPRESSION OF GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) OR SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. MAIN METHODS: A SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL)-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL AND A COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA)-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL IN RATS WERE USED TO EXAMINE THE EXPRESSION OF TOTAL ACETYL-HISTONE H3 (ACH3) AND TOTAL ACETYL-HISTONE H4 (ACH4) BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OR WESTERN BLOT. KEY FINDINGS: ACH3 AND ACH4 NOT ONLY LOCALIZED IN NEURONAL NUCLEI, BUT ALSO IN NUCLEI OF GLIAL CELLS IN THE DRG. UNILATERAL SNL INDUCED THE INCREASE OF ACH3 AND ACH4 EXPRESSION IN THE INJURED LUMBAR 5 (L5) DRG, BUT NOT IN THE UNINJURED L5 DRG OR THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, WHILE UNILATERAL INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA INCREASED ACH3 AND ACH4 EXPRESSION IN THE IPSILATERAL L4/5 SPINAL DORSAL HORN, BUT NOT IN THE L4/5 DRG. SIGNIFICANCE: THESE RESULTS PROVIDE MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION EXPRESSION IN THE DRG AND SPINAL CORD AND INDICATE THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE DRG AND SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC PAIN MODELS. MORE PRECISE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ON THE TARGET GENES NEED TO BE REVEALED.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  6612  27 ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE ENHANCES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN PTX-TREATED RATS: REGULATION ON GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING MAY HAVE A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT; THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE GLOBAL PATTERNS OF LYSINE HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN THIS SERIAL STUDY WE ANALYZED THE LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 MONOMETHYLATION, HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 DIMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION IN PERTUSSIS TOXIN (PTX)-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIC RAT SPINAL CORDS. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS IMPLANTED WITH AN INTRATHECAL CATHETER RECEIVED A SINGLE INTRATHECAL PTX (1 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION. FOUR DAYS LATER, THEY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SALINE, OR ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE (15 NG IN 5 MUL SALINE), FOLLOWED BY MORPHINE (10 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION 30 MINUTES LATER. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PTX INJECTION INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORDS. INTRATHECAL MORPHINE ALONE DID NOT AFFECT THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. IN CONTRAST, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE PLUS MORPHINE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE PTX-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND DOWN-REGULATED THE GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE MIGHT BE CLINICAL VALUABLE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT VIA REGULATING GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  2272  39 EPIGENETIC REDUCTION OF MIR-214-3P UPREGULATES ASTROCYTIC COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR-1 AND CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY NERVE INJURY. EMERGING EVIDENCE HAS INDICATED THAT COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR-1 (CSF1) MODULATES NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN, WHILE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM REMAINS UNKNOWN. HERE, WE IDENTIFIED THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF CSF1 DERIVED FROM ACTIVATED ASTROCYTES IN THE IPSILATERAL DORSAL HORN IN RATS WITH SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL). SUPPRESSION OF CSF1 EXPRESSION ALLEVIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION, NEURONAL HYPEREXCITABILITY, AND GLUTAMATERGIC RECEPTOR SUBUNIT UPREGULATION IN THE DORSAL HORN AND IMPROVED SNL-INDUCED PAIN BEHAVIOR. WE ALSO FOUND REDUCED MIR-214-3P EXPRESSION IN THE IPSILATERAL DORSAL HORN FOLLOWING AN SNL PROCEDURE; MIR-214-3P DIRECTLY BOUND TO THE 3'-UTR OF CSF1 MRNA AND NEGATIVELY REGULATED CSF1 EXPRESSION. INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF MIR-214-3P MIMIC REVERSED THE ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF CSF1 AND ASTROCYTE OVERACTIVITY AND ALLEVIATED THE IL-6 UPREGULATION AND PAIN BEHAVIOR INDUCED BY SNL. MOREOVER, SUPPRESSION OF SPINAL MIR-214-3P INCREASED ASTROCYTE REACTIVITY, PROMOTED CSF1 AND IL-6 PRODUCTION, AND INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN NAIVE ANIMALS. FURTHERMORE, SNL INDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A (DNMT3A) THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE MIR-214-3P PROMOTER, LEADING TO REDUCED MIR-214-3P EXPRESSION IN THE MODEL RODENTS. TREATMENT WITH THE DNMT INHIBITOR ZEBULARINE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED CYTOSINE METHYLATION IN THE MIR-214-3P PROMOTER; THIS REDUCED METHYLATION CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-214-3P AND DECREASED THE CONTENT OF CSF1 IN THE IPSILATERAL DORSAL HORN AND, FURTHER, ATTENUATED IL-6 PRODUCTION AND PAIN BEHAVIOR IN RATS WITH SNL. TOGETHER, OUR DATA INDICATE THAT THE DNMT3A-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF MIR-214-3P ENHANCED CSF1 PRODUCTION IN ASTROCYTES, WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION AND PAIN BEHAVIOR IN SNL MODEL RATS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  2736  35 EXPLORING THE TRANSCRIPTOME OF RESIDENT SPINAL MICROGLIA AFTER COLLAGEN ANTIBODY-INDUCED ARTHRITIS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED A SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ROLE OF SPINAL GLIAL CELLS IN THE MAINTENANCE OF MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RODENT MODELS OF CHRONIC PAIN. WE HAVE USED THE COLLAGEN ANTIBODY-INDUCED ARTHRITIS (CAIA) MOUSE MODEL TO EXAMINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES IN THE CONTEXT OF SPINAL REGULATION OF ARTHRITIS-INDUCED PAIN. WE HAVE FOCUSED ON THE LATE PHASE OF THIS MODEL WHEN JOINT INFLAMMATION HAS RESOLVED, BUT MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY PERSISTS. ALTHOUGH THE INTENSITY OF SUBSTANCE P, CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE, AND GALANIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE SPINAL CORD WAS NOT DIFFERENT FROM CONTROLS, THE INTENSITY OF MICROGLIA (IBA-1) AND ASTROCYTE (GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN) MARKERS WAS ELEVATED IN BOTH MALES AND FEMALES. INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE GLIAL INHIBITORS MINOCYCLINE AND PENTOXIFYLLINE REVERSED MECHANICAL THRESHOLDS IN MALE, BUT NOT IN FEMALE MICE. WE ISOLATED RESIDENT MICROGLIA FROM THE LUMBAR DORSAL HORNS AND OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER NUMBER OF MICROGLIAL CELLS IN FEMALES BY FLOW CYTOMETRY ANALYSIS. HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH GENOME-WIDE RNA SEQUENCING RESULTS POINTED TO SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE MICROGLIA, NO CONVINCING DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CONTROL AND CAIA GROUPS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE ARE SUBTLE SEX DIFFERENCES IN MICROGLIAL EXPRESSION PROFILES INDEPENDENT OF ARTHRITIS. OUR EXPERIMENTS FAILED TO IDENTIFY THE UNDERLYING MRNA CORRELATES OF MICROGLIAL ACTIONS IN THE LATE PHASE OF THE CAIA MODEL. IT IS LIKELY THAT TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES ARE EITHER SUBTLE AND HIGHLY LOCALISED AND THEREFORE DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY WITH BULK ISOLATION TECHNIQUES OR THAT OTHER FACTORS, SUCH AS CHANGES IN PROTEIN EXPRESSION OR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ARE AT PLAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  1698  25 DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF EARLY ADOLESCENT STRESS ON DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND EXPRESSION OF CYTOKINES AND JMJD3 IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS. AIMS: EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE BRAIN HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION. JUMONJI DOMAIN-CONTAINING 3 (JMJD3), WHICH IS A HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) DEMETHYLASE AND CAN REGULATE MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, HAS BEEN REGARDED AS A CRUCIAL ELEMENT IN THE EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. FURTHERMORE, RECENT STUDIES HIGHLIGHTED THE FACT THAT LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES INDUCE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND HIGHER JMJD3 EXPRESSION AND LOWER H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, WHETHER THE PROCESS OF JMJD3 MEDIATING INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES WAS INVOLVED IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION DUE TO EARLY-LIFE STRESS REMAINED ELUSIVE. METHODS: RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) IN ADOLESCENCE WERE USED IN ORDER TO DETECT DYNAMIC ALTERATIONS IN DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND EXPRESSION OF CYTOKINES, JMJD3, AND H3K27ME3 IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS. MOREOVER, MINOCYCLINE, AN INHIBITOR OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, WAS EMPLOYED TO OBSERVE THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT CUMS DURING THE ADOLESCENT PERIOD INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, OVER-EXPRESSION OF CYTOKINES, AND INCREASED JMJD3 AND DECREASED H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF BOTH ADOLESCENT AND ADULT RATS. HOWEVER, MINOCYCLINE RELIEVED ALL THE ALTERATIONS. CONCLUSION: THE STUDY REVEALED THAT JMJD3 MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS BY MODULATING H3K27ME3 AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS THAT HAD BEEN STRESSED DURING EARLY ADOLESCENCE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  5480  32 RESVERATROL REVERSES MORPHINE-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS BY REVERSAL HDAC1 EXPRESSION. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SUBSEQUENT INTRATHECAL (I.T.) INJECTION OF RESVERATROL (30 MUG) SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSES MORPHINE-EVOKED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS WERE IMPLANTED WITH TWO I.T. CATHETERS, ONE OF WHICH WAS CONNECTED TO A MINIOSMOTIC PUMP AND USED FOR MORPHINE (15 MUG/H) OR SALINE INFUSION FOR 120 HOURS. TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS ON SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1), THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), AND TNF RECEPTOR (TNFR) 1 AND TNFR2 DURING TOLERANCE INDUCTION, A TAIL-FLICK TEST WAS PERFORMED PRIOR TO INFUSION AND AFTER 24 HOURS, 48 HOURS, 72 HOURS, 96 HOURS, AND 120 HOURS OF INFUSION. RESULTS: RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE RESTORED THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS AND REVERSED THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1, TNF-ALPHA, AND TNFR1 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CHRONIC MORPHINE INFUSION INCREASED TNFR1-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN NEURON IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RAT SPINAL CORDS, AND THIS EFFECT WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY INHIBITED BY RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSION: RESVERATROL RESTORES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE BY REVERSING MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED SPINAL CORD NEUROINFLAMMATION AND INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION. THE REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE-INDUCED INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION BY RESVERATROL IS PARTIALLY DUE TO REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION. RESVERATROL PRETREATMENT CAN BE USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN CLINICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WHO NEED LONG-TERM MORPHINE TREATMENT OR WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  5780  33 SPINAL RNF20-MEDIATED HISTONE H2B MONOUBIQUITYLATION REGULATES MGLUR5 TRANSCRIPTION FOR NEUROPATHIC ALLODYNIA. TO DATE, HISTONE H2B MONOUBIQUITINATION (H2BUB), A MARK ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL ELONGATION AND ONGOING TRANSCRIPTION, HAS NOT BEEN LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OR MAINTENANCE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN STATES. HERE, USING MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS, WE DEMONSTRATED SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA AND PROVOKED RING FINGER PROTEIN 20 (RNF20)-DEPENDENT H2BUB IN DORSAL HORN. MOREOVER, SNL PROVOKED RNF20-MEDIATED H2BUB PHOSPHORYLATED RNA POLYMERASE II (RNAPII) IN THE PROMOTER FRAGMENTS OF MGLUR5, THEREBY ENHANCING MGLUR5 TRANSCRIPTION/EXPRESSION IN THE DORSAL HORN. CONVERSELY, FOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL RNF20 EXPRESSION REVERSED NOT ONLY SNL-INDUCED ALLODYNIA BUT ALSO RNF20/H2BUB/RNAPII PHOSPHORYLATION-ASSOCIATED SPINAL MGLUR5 TRANSCRIPTION/EXPRESSION. NOTABLY, TNF-ALPHA INJECTION INTO NAIVE RATS AND SPECIFIC NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY INJECTION INTO SNL-INDUCED ALLODYNIA RATS REVEALED THAT TNF-ALPHA-ASSOCIATED ALLODYNIA INVOLVES THE RNF20/H2BUB/RNAPII TRANSCRIPTIONAL AXIS TO UPREGULATE MGLUR5 EXPRESSION IN THE DORSAL HORN. COLLECTIVELY, OUR FINDINGS INDICATED TNF-ALPHA INDUCES RNF20-DRIVED H2B MONOUBIQUITINATION, WHICH FACILITATES PHOSPHORYLATED RNAPII-DEPENDENT MGLUR5 TRANSCRIPTION IN THE DORSAL HORN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC ALLODYNIA.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT HISTONE H2B MONOUBIQUITINATION (H2BUB), AN EPIGENETIC POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION, POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION. HERE, TNF-ALPHA PARTICIPATED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT BY ENHANCING RNF20-MEDIATED H2BUB, WHICH FACILITATES PHOSPHORYLATED RNAPII-DEPENDENT MGLUR5 TRANSCRIPTION IN DORSAL HORN. OUR FINDING POTENTIALLY IDENTIFIED NEUROPATHIC ALLODYNIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES UNDERPINNING ABNORMAL NOCICEPTION PROCESSING AND OPENS A NEW AVENUE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL ANALGESICS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11   742  43 CANNABINOID CB2 RECEPTORS ARE UPREGULATED VIA BIVALENT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND CONTROL PRIMARY AFFERENT INPUT TO THE SPINAL CORD IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. TYPE-2 CANNABINOID RECEPTORS (CB2, ENCODED BY THE CNR2 GENE) ARE MAINLY EXPRESSED IN IMMUNE CELLS, AND CB2 AGONISTS NORMALLY HAVE NO ANALGESIC EFFECT. HOWEVER, NERVE INJURY UPREGULATES CB2 IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG), FOLLOWING WHICH CB2 STIMULATION REDUCES NEUROPATHIC PAIN. IT IS UNCLEAR HOW NERVE INJURY INCREASES CB2 EXPRESSION OR HOW CB2 ACTIVITY IS TRANSFORMED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. IN THIS STUDY, IMMUNOBLOTTING SHOWED THAT SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) INDUCED A DELAYED AND SUSTAINED INCREASE IN CB2 EXPRESSION IN THE DRG AND DORSAL SPINAL CORD SYNAPTOSOMES. RNASCOPE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ALSO SHOWED THAT SNL SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED CB2 MRNA LEVELS, MOSTLY IN MEDIUM AND LARGE DRG NEURONS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT THE SPECIFIC CB2 AGONIST JWH-133 SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITS THE AMPLITUDE OF DORSAL ROOT-EVOKED GLUTAMATERGIC EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS IN SPINAL DORSAL HORN NEURONS IN SNL RATS, BUT NOT IN SHAM CONTROL RATS; INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF JWH-133 REVERSED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN SNL RATS, BUT HAD NO EFFECT IN SHAM CONTROL RATS. IN ADDITION, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-QPCR ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT SNL INCREASED ENRICHMENT OF TWO ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS (H3K4ME3 AND H3K9AC) AND DIMINISHED OCCUPANCY OF TWO REPRESSIVE HISTONE MARKS (H3K9ME2 AND H3K27ME3) AT THE CNR2 PROMOTER IN THE DRG. IN CONTRAST, SNL HAD NO EFFECT ON DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AROUND THE CNR2 PROMOTER. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY PROMOTES CB2 EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS VIA EPIGENETIC BIVALENT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND THAT CB2 ACTIVATION REDUCES NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY ATTENUATING NOCICEPTIVE TRANSMISSION FROM PRIMARY AFFERENT NERVES TO THE SPINAL CORD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  5976  30 TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) MEDIATES THE CONVERSION OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5 MC) TO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5 HMC), HENCE PROMOTING DNA DEMETHYLATION. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE LINKED THE DNA DEMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, THE ROLE OF SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DNA DEMETHYLATION IN NOCICEPTION HYPERSENSITIVITY DEVELOPMENT REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE, WE REPORT CORRELATED WITH BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) UPREGULATED TET1 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THAT HYDROXYLATE 5 MC TO 5 HMC AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER TO PROMOTE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION. FOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL TET1 EXPRESSION DECREASED TET1 BINDING AND 5 HMC ENRICHMENT, FURTHER INCREASED 5 MC ENRICHMENT AT CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER AND DECREASED SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY THE ALLEVIATION OF THE DEVELOPED ALLODYNIA. MOREOVER, AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION ALSO INHIBITED THE BINDING OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS, I.E., DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B) TO THE BDNF PROMOTER, A REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING BY CATALYSING 5-CYTOSINE (5C) TO 5 MC. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST AT CPG SITES OF THE BDNF PROMOTER, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION PROMOTES DNA DEMETHYLATION BOTH BY CONVERTING 5 MC TO 5 HMC AND INHIBITING DNMT BINDING TO REGULATE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION, HENCE CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA DEVELOPMENT.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13  5574  30 ROLE OF MICRORNA-143 IN NERVE INJURY-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF DNMT3A EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS. PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A (DNMT3A) MRNA AND ITS ENCODING DNMT3A PROTEIN IN INJURED DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG). THIS INCREASE IS CONSIDERED AS AN ENDOGENOUS INSTIGATOR IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN GENESIS THROUGH EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF PAIN-ASSOCIATED GENES (SUCH AS OPRM1) IN INJURED DRG. HOWEVER, HOW DRG DNMT3A IS INCREASED FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IS STILL ELUSIVE. WE REPORTED HERE THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY CAUSED BY THE FIFTH SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) DOWNREGULATED MICRORNA (MIR)-143 EXPRESSION IN INJURED DRG. THIS DOWNREGULATION WAS REQUIRED FOR SNL-INDUCED DRG DNMT3A INCREASE AS RESCUING MIR-143 DOWNREGULATION THROUGH MICROINJECTION OF MIR-143 MIMICS INTO INJURED DRG BLOCKED THE SNL-INDUCED INCREASE IN DNMT3A AND RESTORED THE SNL-INDUCED DECREASES IN OPRM1 MRNA AND ITS ENCODING MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) IN INJURED DRG, IMPAIRED SPINAL CORD CENTRAL SENSITIZATION AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN, AND IMPROVED MORPHINE ANALGESIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING SNL. MIMICKING SNL-INDUCED DRG MIR-143 DOWNREGULATION THROUGH DRG MICROINJECTION OF MIR143 INHIBITORS IN NAIVE RATS INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3A AND REDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF OPRM1 MRNA AND MOR IN INJECTED DRG AND PRODUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN-LIKE SYMPTOMS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT MIR-143 IS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR IN DNMT3A EXPRESSION IN THE DRG UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN CONDITIONS AND MAY BE A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14  5266  49 PROMOTED INTERACTION OF C/EBPALPHA WITH DEMETHYLATED CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3 IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) IN MICE. SNL INCREASED CXCR3 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE NEURONS OF THE SPINAL CORD. MEANWHILE, THE CPG (5'-CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE-3') ISLAND IN THE CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER REGION WAS DEMETHYLATED, AND THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) WAS DECREASED. SNL ALSO INCREASED THE BINDING OF CCAAT (CYTIDINE-CYTIDINE-ADENOSINE-ADENOSINE-THYMIDINE)/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA (C/EBPALPHA) WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER AND DECREASED THE BINDING OF DNMT3B WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD. C/EBPALPHA EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL NEURONS AFTER SNL, AND INHIBITION OF C/EBPALPHA BY INTRATHECAL SMALL INTERFERING RNA ATTENUATED SNL-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY AND REDUCED CXCR3 EXPRESSION. FURTHERMORE, SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND HEAT HYPERALGESIA WERE MARKEDLY REDUCED IN CXCR3(-/-) MICE. SPINAL INHIBITION OF CXCR3 BY SHRNA OR CXCR3 ANTAGONIST ALSO ATTENUATED ESTABLISHED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MOREOVER, CXCL10, THE LIGAND OF CXCR3, WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES AFTER SNL. SUPERFUSING SPINAL CORD SLICES WITH CXCL10 ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EPSCS AND POTENTIATED NMDA-INDUCED AND AMPA-INDUCED CURRENTS OF LAMINA II NEURONS. FINALLY, INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCL10 INDUCED CXCR3-DEPENDENT PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN NAIVE MICE. COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT CXCR3, INCREASED BY DNA DEMETHYLATION AND THE ENHANCED INTERACTION WITH C/EBPALPHA, CAN BE ACTIVATED BY CXCL10 TO FACILITATE EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE MAINTENANCE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY INDUCES CHANGES OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. CXCR3 IS A CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR. WHETHER IT IS INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND HOW IT IS REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT SPINAL NERVE LIGATION DOWNREGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, WHICH MAY CAUSE DEMETHYLATION OF CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER AND FACILITATE THE BINDING OF CCAAT/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER AND FURTHER INCREASE CXCR3 EXPRESSION IN SPINAL NEURONS. THE UPREGULATED CXCR3 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY FACILITATING CENTRAL SENSITIZATION. OUR STUDY REVEALS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM UNDERLYING CXCR3 EXPRESSION AND ALSO SUGGESTS THAT TARGETING THE EXPRESSION OR ACTIVATION OF CXCR3 SIGNALING MAY OFFER NEW THERAPEUTICS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2017	

15  3320  35 HISTONE ACETYLATION IN MICROGLIA CONTRIBUTES TO EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPOALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL MICE. PHYSICAL EXERCISE CAN ATTENUATE NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), BUT THE EXACT MECHANISM UNDERLYING EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPOALGESIA (EIH) REMAINS UNCLEAR. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION VIA PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE SPINAL CORD ATTENUATES NPP, AND THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY LEAD TO THE PRODUCTION OF ANALGESIC FACTORS INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN 10. WE INTENDED TO CLARIFY WHETHER HISTONE ACETYLATION IN MICROGLIA IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN CONTRIBUTES TO EIH IN NPP MODEL MICE. C57BL/6J MICE UNDERWENT PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION (PSL) AND PSL- AND SHAM-RUNNER MICE RAN ON A TREADMILL AT A SPEED OF 7 M/MIN FOR 60 MIN/D, 5 DAYS PER WEEK, FROM 2 DAYS AFTER THE SURGERY. PSL-SEDENTARY MICE DEVELOPED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND HEAT HYPERALGESIA, BUT SUCH BEHAVIORS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED IN PSL-RUNNER MICE. IN IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, PSL SURGERY MARKEDLY INCREASED THE NUMBER OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1-POSITIVE/CD11B-POSITIVE MICROGLIA IN THE IPSILATERAL SUPERFICIAL DORSAL HORN, AND THEY WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED BY TREADMILL-RUNNING. MOREOVER, THE NUMBER OF MICROGLIA WITH NUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF ACETYLATED H3K9 IN THE IPSILATERAL SUPERFICIAL DORSAL HORN WAS MAINTAINED AT LOW LEVELS IN PSL-SEDENTARY MICE, BUT RUNNING EXERCISE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THEM. THEREFORE, WE CONCLUDE THAT THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION THAT CAUSES HYPERACETYLATION OF H3K9 IN ACTIVATED MICROGLIA MAY PLAY A ROLE IN PRODUCING EIH. PERSPECTIVE: THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IN MICROGLIA IN PRODUCING EIH. THE CURRENT RESEARCH IS NOT ONLY HELPFUL FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL NONPHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR NPP, BUT WILL ALSO ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS AND AVAILABILITY OF EXERCISE IN OUR DAILY LIFE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
16   743  36 CANNABINOID TYPE 2 RECEPTOR SYSTEM MODULATES PACLITAXEL-INDUCED MICROGLIAL DYSREGULATION AND CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN RATS. PACLITAXEL INDUCES MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AND PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN THE DORSAL HORN, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION AND PAIN BEHAVIOR. MDA7, 1-([3-BENZYL-3-METHYL-2,3-DIHYDRO-1-BENZOFURAN-6-YL]CARBONYL) PIPERIDINE, IS A NOVEL HIGHLY SELECTIVE CANNABINOID TYPE 2 (CB2) AGONIST. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ACTIVATION OF CB2 RECEPTOR BY MDA7 MODULATES MICROGLIAL DYSREGULATION, SUPPRESSES THE OVEREXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN MICROGLIA IN THE DORSAL HORN, AND ATTENUATES THE CENTRAL SENSITIZATION AND PAIN BEHAVIOR INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. FOR 4 CONSECUTICE DAYS, GROUPS OF RATS RANDOMLY RECEIVED SALINE OR 1.0 MG/KG OF PACLITAXEL DAILY INTRAPERITONEALLY FOR A TOTAL CUMULATIVE DOSE OF 4 MG/KG. MDA7 15 MG/KG INTRAPERITONEALLY OR VEHICLE WERE ADMINISTERED 15 MIN BEFORE ADMINISTERING PACLITAXEL FOR 4 DAYS AND THEN CONTINUED FOR ANOTHER 10 DAYS. BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES WERE PERFORMED. PACLITAXEL INDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF CB2 RECEPTORS AND PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 IN MICROGLIA IN THE DORSAL HORN. MDA7 ATTENUATED THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 AND PROMOTED THE EXPRESSION OF IL-10. PACLITAXEL INDUCED EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF IRF8 AND P2X PURINOCEPTOR 4 (P2X4) IN MICROGLIA AND SUBSEQUENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF ALPHA ISOFORM OF CALCIUM/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II (CAMKIIALPHA), TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTORS P-CREB AND DELTAFOSB, LEADING TO THE OVERPRODUCTION OF BDNF IN MICROGLIA. PACLITAXEL ALSO UPREGULATED THE EXPRESSION OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS GLUR1 AND NR2B, DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF K(+)-CL(-) COTRANSPORTER, AND INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN RATS. ALL OF THE AFOREMENTIONED MOLECULAR CHANGES WERE ATTENUATED BY MDA7. OUR DATA SHOW THAT MDA7 ATTENUATED PACLITAXEL-INDUCED MOLECULAR AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN RATS. PERSPECTIVE: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT PACLITAXEL INDUCED MICROGLIA DYSREGULATION AND EPIGENETICALLY UPREGULATED THE MICROGLIAL EXPRESSION OF BDNF, WHICH LED TO SENSITIZATION OF DORSAL HORN NEURONS AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN RATS. THE CB2 AGONIST MDA7 ALLEVIATED THESE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. MDA7 REPRESENTS AN INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEUROPATHY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  4172  29 MELATONIN IMPEDES TET1-DEPENDENT MGLUR5 PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION TO RELIEVE PAIN. MELATONIN (N-ACETYL-5-METHOXYTRYPTAMINE)/MT2 RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION REPRESENTS A NOVEL PATHWAY IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BECAUSE SPINAL TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1)-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC DEMETHYLATION HAS RECENTLY BEEN LINKED TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT MELATONIN/MT2-DEPENDENT ANALGESIA INVOLVES SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DEMETHYLATION. HERE, WE SHOWED THAT SPINAL TET1 GENE TRANSFER BY INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF TET1-ENCODING VECTORS TO NAIVE RATS PRODUCED PROFOUND AND LONG-LASTING NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY. IN ADDITION, ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION, TET1-METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPE 5 (MGLUR5) PROMOTER COUPLING, DEMETHYLATION AT THE MGLUR5 PROMOTER, AND MGLUR5 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS WERE OBSERVED. RATS SUBJECTED TO SPINAL NERVE LIGATION AND INTRAPLANTAR COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT INJECTION DISPLAYED TACTILE ALLODYNIA AND BEHAVIORAL HYPERALGESIA ASSOCIATED WITH SIMILAR CHANGES IN THE DORSAL HORN. NOTABLY, INTRATHECAL MELATONIN INJECTION REVERSED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION, PROTEIN-PROMOTER COUPLING, PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION, AND PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY INDUCED BY TET1 GENE TRANSFER, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION, AND INTRAPLANTAR COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT INJECTION. ALL THE EFFECTS CAUSED BY MELATONIN WERE BLOCKED BY PRETREATMENT WITH A MT2 RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE ANTAGONIST. IN CONCLUSION, MELATONIN RELIEVES PAIN BY IMPEDING TET1-DEPENDENT DEMETHYLATION OF MGLUR5 IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THROUGH THE MT2 RECEPTOR. OUR FINDINGS LINK MELATONIN/MT2 SIGNALING TO TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC DEMETHYLATION OF NOCICEPTIVE GENES FOR THE FIRST TIME AND SUGGEST MELATONIN AS A PROMISING THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18  6918  25 [WNT3A SIGNALING PATHWAY PLAYS A ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF JMJD6]. TO EXPLORE WHETHER WNT3A EXERTS A ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN THROUGH JUMONJI C DOMAIN 6 (JMJD6)-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. METHODS: SD RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO 4 GROUPS: A SHAM GROUP, A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) GROUP, A CCI+NEGATIVE LENTIVIRAL EXPRESSION VECTOR (LV-NC) GROUP AND A CCI+LENTIVIRAL OVEREXPRESSION VECTOR (LV-JMJD6) GROUP. THE SCIATIC NERVE CCI MODEL OF SD RAT AND JMJD6 LENTIVIRAL EXPRESSION VECTOR WERE CONSTRUCTED. ON THE THIRD DAY AFTER CCI, THE INTRATHECAL CATHETER WAS PREPARED, AND 20 MUL OF NORMAL SALINE AND LENTIVIRUS-CONTAINING REAGENT (VIRUS TITER 1X108 TU/ML) WERE ADMINISTERED. THE RATS' PAW WITHDRAWAL MECHANICAL THRESHOLD (PWMT) AND PAW WITHDRAWAL THERMAL LATENCY (PWTL) WERE MONITORED, AND WESTERN BLOTTING WAS USED TO DETECT THE EXPRESSION OF WNT3A AND NR2B PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL CORD. CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WAS APPLIED TO DETECT THE INTERACTION BETWEEN JMJD6 AND WNT3A. RESULTS: COMPARED WITH THE SHAM GROUP, THE PWMT OF THE RATS IN EACH GROUP AFTER CCI WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED AND THE PWTL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTENED (P<0.05). COMPARED WITH THE CCI GROUP AND THE CCI+LV-NC GROUP, PWMT IN THE CCI+LV-JMJD6 GROUP WAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY ON THE 10TH DAY AND THE 14TH DAY AFTER CCI, AND THE PWTL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY PROLONGED ON THE 14TH DAY AFTER CCI (P<0.05). ON THE 14TH DAY AFTER CCI, THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF WNT3A AND NR2B IN THE CCI GROUP AND THE CCI+LV-NC GROUP WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE SHAM GROUP. AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF LENTIVIRAL VECTOR, WNT3A AND NR2B PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THE CCI+LV-JMJD6 GROUP WERE LOWER COMPARED WITH THE CCI+LV-NC GROUP (P<0.05). THE RESULTS OF CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED NO DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN WNT3A AND JMJD6. CONCLUSION: WNT3A IS INVOLVED IN MEDIATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN, AND ITS EFFECT MAY BE RELATED TO THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF JMJD6, WHICH IS LIKELY REGULATED THROUGH INDIRECT INTERACTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  6172  35 THE HDAC1/C-JUN COMPLEX IS ESSENTIAL IN THE PROMOTION OF NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN THROUGH JNK SIGNALING. HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACIS) INTERFERE WITH THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ARE KNOWN TO HAVE ANALGESIC PROPERTIES IN MODELS OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN. ADMINISTRATION OF A SELECTIVE HDAC1 INHIBITOR (LG325) IN SNI-SUBJECTED MICE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BEHAVIOR RELATED TO INJURY-INDUCED PAIN. UNDERSTANDING THE HDAC1 PATHWAY IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PATHOLOGICAL PAIN IS OF GREAT MEDICAL RELEVANCE. SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MICE SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE HDAC1 PROTEIN LEVELS WITHIN SPINAL CORD IN COINCIDENCE WITH THE NOCICEPTIVE PHENOTYPE AT 1 AND 3 WEEKS AFTER NERVE INJURY. NO VARIATION IN HDAC3, DNMT3A, ACH3, MBD3 AND MECP2 LEVELS WAS DETECTED. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 IS ACCOMPANIED BY ACTIVATION OF THE JNK-C-JUN SIGNALING PATHWAY. A ROBUST SPINAL JNK-1 OVERPHOSPHORYLATION WAS OBSERVED POST NERVE-INJURY ALONG WITH A SELECTIVE JNK-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN P-C-JUN AND HDAC1 PROTEIN LEVELS. CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF A HETERODIMERIC COMPLEX BETWEEN HDAC1 AND C-JUN IN SNI MICE INDICATING THAT THESE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CAN ACT TOGETHER TO REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION THROUGH HETERODIMERIZATION. STIMULATION OF C-JUN PHOSPHORYLATION WAS PREVENTED BY THE SELECTIVE HDAC1 INHIBITOR LG325. WE FOUND THAT HDAC1 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH C-JUN IN NUCLEI OF SPINAL DORSAL HORN ASTROCYTES EXPRESSING JNK. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE PRESENCE OF HDAC1 AND C-JUN INTERACTION WAS NOT DETECTED IN CONTROL MICE. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF HDAC INHIBITORS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUPPORT A ROLE FOR HISTONE DEACETYLASE IN THE EMERGENCE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20  1296  29 DECREASED MIR-325-5P CONTRIBUTES TO VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY THROUGH POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL UPREGULATION OF CCL2 IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. CHRONIC VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IS AN IMPORTANT TYPE OF CHRONIC PAIN WITH UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF MIRNA-325-5P IN CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN REMAINS UNKNOWN. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE ROLES AND MECHANISM OF MIRNA-325-5P IN A RAT MODEL OF CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN. THIS MODEL WAS INDUCED BY NEONATAL COLONIC INFLAMMATION (NCI). IN ADULTHOOD, NCI LED TO A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNA-325-5P IN COLON-RELATED DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRGS), STARTING TO DECREASE AT THE AGE OF 4 WEEKS AND BEING MAINTAINED TO 8 WEEKS. INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF MIRNA-325-5P AGOMIR SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE COLORECTAL DISTENTION (CRD) THRESHOLD IN A TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER. NCI ALSO MARKEDLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF CCL2 (C-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE LIGAND 2) IN COLON-RELATED DRGS AT THE MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS RELATIVE TO AGE-MATCHED CONTROL RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF CXCL12, IL33, SFRS7, AND LGI1 WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN NCI RATS. CCL2 WAS CO-EXPRESSED IN NEUN-POSITIVE DRG NEURONS BUT NOT IN GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE-POSITIVE GLIAL CELLS. FURTHERMORE, CCL2 WAS MAINLY EXPRESSED IN ISOLECTIN B4-BINDING- AND CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE-POSITIVE DRG NEURONS BUT IN FEW NF-200-POSITIVE CELLS. MORE IMPORTANTLY, CCL2 WAS EXPRESSED IN MIR-325-5P-POSITIVE DRG NEURONS. INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF MIRNA-325-5P AGOMIR REMARKABLY REDUCED THE UPREGULATION OF CCL2 IN NCI RATS. ADMINISTRATION OF BINDARIT, AN INHIBITOR OF CCL2, MARKEDLY RAISED THE CRD THRESHOLD IN NCI RATS IN A DOSE- AND TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT NCI SUPPRESSES MIRNA-325-5P EXPRESSION AND ENHANCES CCL2 EXPRESSION, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN ADULT RATS.	2019