1  1097 152 COLLABORATIVE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION, DNA METHYLATION, AND BREAST CANCER RISK AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN: MEND STUDY OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN. PURPOSE: TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION AND ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ON BREAST CANCER RISK AND AGGRESSIVE SUBTYPES AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN. WE DESCRIBE THE DESIGN AND METHODS OF A COLLABORATIVE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF BREAST CANCER IN NIGERIAN HOSPITALS. METHODS: THE MECHANISMS FOR NOVEL AND ESTABLISHED RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN OF NIGERIAN DESCENT (MEND) STUDY WAS DESIGNED AS A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF 350 PATIENTS, AGE 18 TO 75 YEARS, WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED, TREATMENT-NAIVE BREAST CANCER AND 350 AGE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS FROM SURROUNDING GEOGRAPHIC AREAS. PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER SEEN FOR INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AT FOUR LARGE TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA AND ONE AFFILIATED PRIVATE HOSPITAL WERE RECRUITED. HEALTHY FEMALE CONTROLS WERE SELECTED FROM A COHORT OF 4,000 HEALTHY WOMEN RECRUITED AS PART OF THE HUMAN HEREDITY AND HEALTH (H3) IN AFRICA CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN NIGERIA. TUMOR AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUE, AND BLOOD AND SALIVA SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FOR MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC ASSAYS. RESULTS: ALTHOUGH RECRUITMENT IS ONGOING, A TOTAL OF 416 PATIENTS HAVE BEEN RECRUITED TO DATE, WITH TUMOR AND BLOOD SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM AT LEAST 310 PATIENTS. DATA ON AGE-MATCHED (+/- 6 MONTHS) CONTROLS HAVE ALSO BEEN OBTAINED AND HARMONIZED. LIPID ASSAYS FOR 350 PATHOLOGICALLY VERIFIED CASES AND 350 AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS IS UNDERWAY, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TUMORS (INCLUDING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR SUBTYPING) IS ONGOING. DATA ON DNA METHYLATION FOR TUMORS AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUE ARE EXPECTED BY THE END OF THE STUDY PERIOD. CONCLUSION: THE MEND STUDY WILL PROVIDE A UNIQUE, HIGH-QUALITY SOURCE OF DATA TO EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION SUCH AS OBESITY, DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME TO THE BIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN AND FOSTER COLLABORATIVE STUDIES RELEVANT FOR WOMEN OF AFRICAN DESCENT GLOBALLY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  5720  26 SIRTUINS LINK INFLAMMATION AND METABOLISM. SIRTUINS (SIRT), FIRST DISCOVERED IN YEAST AS NAD+ DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC REGULATORS, HAVE COMPARABLE ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASE. MOUNTING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT THE SEVEN-MEMBER MAMMALIAN SIRTUIN FAMILY (SIRT1-7) GUARD HOMEOSTASIS BY SENSING BIOENERGY NEEDS AND RESPONDING BY MAKING ALTERATIONS IN THE CELL NUTRIENTS. SIRTUINS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN RESTORING HOMEOSTASIS DURING STRESS RESPONSES. INFLAMMATION IS DESIGNED TO "DEFEND AND MEND" AGAINST THE INVADING ORGANISMS. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT METABOLISM AND BIOENERGY REPROGRAMMING DIRECT THE SEQUENTIAL COURSE OF INFLAMMATION; FAILURE OF HOMEOSTASIS RETRIEVAL RESULTS IN MANY CHRONIC AND ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. ANABOLIC GLYCOLYSIS QUICKLY INDUCED (COMPARED TO OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION) FOR ROS AND ATP GENERATION IS NEEDED FOR IMMUNE ACTIVATION TO "DEFEND" AGAINST INVADING MICROORGANISMS. LIPOLYSIS/FATTY ACID OXIDATION, ESSENTIAL FOR CELLULAR PROTECTION/HIBERNATION AND CELL SURVIVAL IN ORDER TO "MEND," LEADS TO IMMUNE REPRESSION. ACUTE/CHRONIC INFLAMMATIONS ARE LINKED TO ALTERED GLYCOLYSIS AND FATTY ACID OXIDATION, AT LEAST IN PART, BY NAD+ DEPENDENT FUNCTION OF SIRTUINS. THERAPEUTICALLY TARGETING SIRTUINS MAY PROVIDE A NEW CLASS OF INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE REGULATORS. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES HOW SIRTUINS INTEGRATE METABOLISM, BIOENERGETICS, AND IMMUNITY DURING INFLAMMATION AND HOW SIRTUIN-DIRECTED TREATMENT IMPROVES OUTCOME IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND IN THE EXTREME STRESS RESPONSE OF SEPSIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3   351  37 ALTERED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION-RELATED MIRS IN PLASMA FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS. MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY UNEXPLAINED DEBILITATING FATIGUE. ALTHOUGH THE ETIOLOGY IS UNKNOWN, EVIDENCE SUPPORTS IMMUNOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES, SUCH AS PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE-CELL ACTIVATION, IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS. SINCE THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND VASCULAR ALTERATIONS IS WELL-ESTABLISHED IN OTHER DISEASES, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION HAS EMERGED AS ANOTHER PLAYER IN ME/CFS PATHOGENESIS. ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (ENOS) GENERATES NITRIC OXIDE (NO) THAT MAINTAINS ENDOTHELIAL HOMEOSTASIS. ENOS IS ACTIVATED BY SILENT INFORMATION REGULATOR 1 (SIRT1), AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN. DESPITE ITS RELEVANCE, NO STUDY HAS ADDRESSED THE SIRT1/ENOS AXIS IN ME/CFS. THE INTEREST IN CIRCULATING MICRORNAS (MIRS) AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN ME/CFS HAS INCREASED IN RECENT YEARS. ACCORDINGLY, WE ANALYZE A SET OF MIRS REPORTED TO MODULATE THE SIRT1/ENOS AXIS USING PLASMA FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT MIR-21, MIR-34A, MIR-92A, MIR-126, AND MIR-200C ARE JOINTLY INCREASED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. A SIMILAR FINDING WAS OBTAINED WHEN ANALYZING PUBLIC MIR DATA ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THESE MIRS, INCLUDING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND OXYGEN REGULATION. INTERESTINGLY, HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1, A PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS, REPRESENTED THE MOST RELEVANT NODE WITHIN THE NETWORK. IN CONCLUSION, OUR STUDY PROVIDES A BASIS TO FIND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION-RELATED BIOMARKERS AND EXPLORE NOVEL TARGETS IN ME/CFS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4   639  34 BIOMARKERS FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A MULTIFACETED CONDITION THAT AFFECTS MOST BODY SYSTEMS. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO KNOWN DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; INSTEAD, DIAGNOSIS IS DEPENDENT ON APPLICATION OF SYMPTOM-BASED CASE CRITERIA FOLLOWING EXCLUSION OF ANY OTHER POTENTIAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS. WHILE THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT REPORT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ME/CFS, THEIR EFFICACY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO COLLATE AND APPRAISE LITERATURE PERTAINING TO A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER(S) WHICH MAY EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATE ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES AND COCHRANE REVIEW GUIDELINES. PUBMED, EMBASE AND SCOPUS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES CONTAINING "BIOMARKER" AND "ME/CFS" KEYWORDS IN THE ABSTRACT OR TITLE AND IF THEY INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: (1) WERE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN DECEMBER 1994 AND APRIL 2022; (2) INVOLVED ADULT HUMAN PARTICIPANTS; (3) FULL TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH (4) ORIGINAL RESEARCH; (5) DIAGNOSIS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS MADE ACCORDING TO THE FUKUDA CRITERIA (1994), CANADIAN CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2003), INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2011) OR INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE CRITERIA (2015); (6) STUDY INVESTIGATED POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ME/CFS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUALITY AND BIAS WERE ASSESSED USING THE JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST FOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 101 PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RANGED FROM GENETIC/EPIGENETIC (19.8%), IMMUNOLOGICAL (29.7%), METABOLOMICS/MITOCHONDRIAL/MICROBIOME (14.85%), ENDOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY (17.82%), NEUROLOGICAL (7.92%), ION CHANNEL (8.91%) AND PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS (8.91%). MOST OF THE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS REPORTED WERE BLOOD-BASED (79.2%). USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE ME/CFS PATHOLOGY WAS PROMINENT AMONG IMMUNE-BASED BIOMARKERS. MOST BIOMARKERS HAD SECONDARY (43.56%) OR TERTIARY (54.47%) SELECTIVITY, WHICH IS THE ABILITY FOR THE BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY A DISEASE-CAUSING AGENT, AND A MODERATE (59.40%) TO COMPLEX (39.60%) EASE-OF-DETECTION, INCLUDING THE REQUIREMENT OF SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT. CONCLUSIONS: ALL POTENTIAL ME/CFS BIOMARKERS DIFFERED IN EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND TRANSLATABILITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. REPRODUCIBILITY OF FINDINGS BETWEEN THE INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS WERE LIMITED, HOWEVER, SEVERAL STUDIES VALIDATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ME/CFS AND THE USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOMECHANISM OF ILLNESS. THE HETEROGENEITY SHOWN ACROSS MANY OF THE INCLUDED STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND UNIFORM PROTOCOLS IN ME/CFS BIOMARKER RESEARCH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5   667  57 BLOOD-BASED EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSES OF 19 COMMON DISEASE STATES: A LONGITUDINAL, POPULATION-BASED LINKED COHORT STUDY OF 18,413 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION IS A DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THAT OCCURS AT CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) SITES. EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) INVESTIGATE THE STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. ALTHOUGH BLOOD METHYLATION MAY ACT AS A PERIPHERAL MARKER OF COMMON DISEASE STATES, PREVIOUS EWAS HAVE TYPICALLY FOCUSED ONLY ON INDIVIDUAL CONDITIONS AND HAVE HAD LIMITED POWER TO DISCOVER DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI. THIS STUDY EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF 14 DISEASE STATES AND THE INCIDENCE OF 19 DISEASE STATES IN A SINGLE POPULATION OF OVER 18,000 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSAYED AT 752,722 CPG SITES IN WHOLE-BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 18,413 VOLUNTEERS IN THE FAMILY-STRUCTURED, POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY GENERATION SCOTLAND (AGE RANGE 18 TO 99 YEARS). EWAS TESTED FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 14 PREVALENT DISEASE STATES, AND FOR LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 19 INCIDENT DISEASE STATES. PREVALENT CASES WERE SELF-REPORTED ON HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRES AT THE BASELINE. INCIDENT CASES WERE IDENTIFIED USING LINKAGE TO SCOTTISH PRIMARY (READ 2) AND SECONDARY (ICD-10) CARE RECORDS, AND THE CENSORING DATE WAS SET TO OCTOBER 2020. THE MEAN TIME-TO-DIAGNOSIS RANGED FROM 5.0 YEARS (FOR CHRONIC PAIN) TO 11.7 YEARS (FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION). THE 19 DISEASE STATES CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY WERE SELECTED IF THEY WERE PRESENT ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION'S 10 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AND DISEASE BURDEN OR INCLUDED IN BASELINE SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRES. EWAS MODELS WERE ADJUSTED FOR AGE AT METHYLATION TYPING, SEX, ESTIMATED WHITE BLOOD CELL COMPOSITION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND 5 COMMON LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS. A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW WAS ALSO CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY EXISTING EWAS FOR ALL 19 DISEASE STATES TESTED. THE MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND PREPRINT SERVERS WERE SEARCHED TO RETRIEVE RELEVANT ARTICLES INDEXED AS OF MARCH 27, 2023. FIFTY-FOUR OF APPROXIMATELY 2,000 INDEXED ARTICLES MET OUR INCLUSION CRITERIA: ASSAYED BLOOD-BASED DNA METHYLATION, HAD >20 INDIVIDUALS IN EACH COMPARISON GROUP, AND EXAMINED ONE OF THE 19 CONDITIONS CONSIDERED. FIRST, WE ASSESSED WHETHER THE ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFIED IN OUR STUDY WERE REPORTED IN PREVIOUS STUDIES. WE IDENTIFIED 69 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPGS AND THE PREVALENCE OF 4 CONDITIONS, OF WHICH 58 WERE NEWLY DESCRIBED. THE CONDITIONS WERE BREAST CANCER, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. WE ALSO UNCOVERED 64 CPGS THAT ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF 2 DISEASE STATES (COPD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES), OF WHICH 56 WERE NOT REPORTED IN THE SURVEYED LITERATURE. SECOND, WE ASSESSED REPLICATION ACROSS EXISTING STUDIES, WHICH WAS DEFINED AS THE REPORTING OF AT LEAST 1 COMMON SITE IN >2 STUDIES THAT EXAMINED THE SAME CONDITION. ONLY 6/19 DISEASE STATES HAD EVIDENCE OF SUCH REPLICATION. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY INCLUDE THE NONCONSIDERATION OF MEDICATION DATA AND A POTENTIAL LACK OF GENERALIZABILITY TO INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE NOT OF SCOTTISH AND EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. CONCLUSIONS: WE DISCOVERED OVER 100 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BLOOD METHYLATION SITES AND COMMON DISEASE STATES, INDEPENDENTLY OF MAJOR CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS, AND A NEED FOR GREATER STANDARDISATION AMONG EWAS ON HUMAN DISEASE.	2023	
                                                                                      
6   308  32 ALCOHOL AND DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND CHRONIC DISEASES MIGHT INCLUDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION. WE EXPLORED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE DNA. INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP (ILLUMINA INC., SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA) ARRAY DATA ON BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WAS EXAMINED IN A DISCOVERY SET OF 2,878 NON-HISPANIC WHITE WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY (UNITED STATES, 2004-2015) WHO PROVIDED DETAILED QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION ON LIFETIME ALCOHOL USE. ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION MODELING WAS USED TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE OF Q < 0.05) BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS PER WEEK AND DNA METHYLATION AT 5,458 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES. ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED (P < 0.05) FOR 677 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 187 BLOOD DNA SAMPLES FROM THE SISTER STUDY AND FOR 628 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 171 NORMAL BREAST DNA SAMPLES; 1,207 CPGS WERE REPLICATED IN EITHER BLOOD OR NORMAL BREAST, WITH 98 CPGS REPLICATED IN BOTH TISSUES. INDIVIDUAL GENE EFFECTS WERE NOTABLE FOR PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (PGHDH), PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE (PPIF), SOLUTE CARRIER 15 (SLC15), SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 43 MEMBER 1 (SLC43A1), AND SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 7 MEMBER 11 (SLC7A11). WE ALSO FOUND THAT HIGH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER GLOBAL METHYLATION AS MEASURED BY THE AVERAGE OF CPGS ON THE ENTIRE ARRAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  2794  32 FATTY ACIDS, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CHRONIC DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ILLNESSES LIKE OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, ARE WORLDWIDE MAJOR CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. THESE PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS INVOLVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. RECENT ADVANCES IN NUTRIEPIGENOMICS ARE CONTRIBUTING TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF SOME NUTRITIONAL FACTORS, INCLUDING DIETARY FATTY ACIDS IN GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES CURRENTLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE ROLE OF THE DIFFERENT FATTY ACIDS ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES OR INDUCE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. METHODS: A TARGETED SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN THE PUBMED/MEDLINE DATABASES USING THE KEYWORDS "FATTY ACIDS AND EPIGENETIC". THE DATA WERE ANALYZED ACCORDING TO THE PRISMA-P GUIDELINES. RESULTS: CONSUMPTION FATTY ACIDS LIKE N-3 PUFA: EPA AND DHA, AND MUFA: OLEIC AND PALMITOLEIC ACID WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN IMPROVEMENT OF METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, FATTY ACIDS THAT HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OR DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY, T2D, PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND IR WERE N-6 PUFA, SATURATED FATTY ACIDS (STEARIC AND PALMITIC), AND TRANS FATTY ACIDS (ELAIDIC), HAVE BEEN ALSO LINKED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES. CONCLUSIONS: FATTY ACIDS CAN REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION BY MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENTLY RESULT IN POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON METABOLIC OUTCOMES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8   382  40 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BODY MASS INDEX AND DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD USING PARTICIPANTS FROM THE SISTER STUDY COHORT. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE RISK IS WELL-ESTABLISHED; THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING THIS RISK INCREASE MAY INCLUDE OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) USING DATA FROM A SUBSET OF WOMEN IN THE SISTER STUDY. SUBJECTS/METHODS: THE SISTER STUDY IS A COHORT OF 50 884 US WOMEN WHO HAD A SISTER WITH BREAST CANCER BUT WERE FREE OF BREAST CANCER THEMSELVES AT ENROLLMENT. STUDY PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED EXAMINATIONS WHICH INCLUDED MEASUREMENTS OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT, AND PROVIDED BLOOD SAMPLES. BLOOD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED WITH THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP ARRAY COVERING 27,589 CPG SITES WAS AVAILABLE FOR 871 WOMEN FROM A PRIOR STUDY OF BREAST CANCER AND DNA METHYLATION. TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH BMI, WE ANALYZED THIS METHYLATION DATA USING ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE AND CASE STATUS. FOR THOSE CPGS PASSING THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL, WE EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION IN A REPLICATION SET COMPRISED OF A NON-OVERLAPPING GROUP OF 187 WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY WHO HAD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. ANALYSIS OF THIS EXPANDED 450 K ARRAY IDENTIFIED ADDITIONAL BMI-ASSOCIATED SITES WHICH WERE INVESTIGATED WITH TARGETED PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: FOUR CPG SITES REACHED GENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANCE (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE (FDR) Q<0.05) IN THE DISCOVERY SET AND ASSOCIATIONS FOR ALL FOUR WERE SIGNIFICANT AT STRICT BONFERRONI CORRECTION IN THE REPLICATION SET. AN ADDITIONAL 23 SITES PASSED FDR IN THE REPLICATION SET AND FIVE WERE REPLICATED BY PYROSEQUENCING IN THE DISCOVERY SET. SEVERAL OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED INCLUDING ANGPT4, RORC, SOCS3, FSD2, XYLT1, ABCG1, STK39, ASB2 AND CRHR2 HAVE BEEN LINKED TO OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES ARE DETECTABLE IN BLOOD AND MAY BE RELATED TO RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  2777  36 EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (ELBW) (<1000 G) SURVIVORS ARE EXPOSED TO ELEVATED LEVELS OF PHYSIOLOGIC STRESS DURING THEIR LIVES AND MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ACCELERATED AGING. USING THE OLDEST KNOWN LONGITUDINALLY FOLLOWED COHORT OF ELBW SURVIVORS, WE COMPARED BIOLOGICAL AGING IN THIS GROUP USING AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK TO A SAMPLE OF MATCHED NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT (NBW) (>2500 G) CONTROL PARTICIPANTS. METHODS: BUCCAL CELLS WERE COLLECTED FROM 45 ELBW SURVIVORS AND 49 NBW CONTROL PARTICIPANTS AT 30 TO 35 YEARS OF AGE. EPIGENETIC AGE WAS CALCULATED FROM THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF DNA METHYLATION AT 353 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE SEQUENCE WITHIN DNA SITES, BY USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMAN METHYLATION EPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY. RESULTS: BEFORE AND AFTER STATISTICALLY ADJUSTING FOR NEUROSENSORY IMPAIRMENT AND THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS, A SIGNIFICANT SEX BY BIRTH WEIGHT GROUP INTERACTION WAS OBSERVED IN THE 353-SITE EPIGENETIC-CLOCK ASSAY (P = .03), WHEREBY ELBW MEN HAD A SIGNIFICANTLY OLDER EPIGENETIC AGE THAN NBW MEN (4.6 YEARS; P = .01). WOMEN BORN AT ELBW WERE NOT FOUND TO BE EPIGENETICALLY OLDER THAN THEIR NBW PEERS. CONCLUSIONS: THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL EXPOSURES MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN AGING, AND THAT MEN BORN PRETERM MAY EXPERIENCE ACCELERATED AGING RELATIVE TO THEIR PEERS. WE FURTHER HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO MONITOR AND PROMOTE THE HEALTH OF PRETERM SURVIVORS, WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON HEALTHY AGING ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  6416  52 THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) PROGRAM: AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ADVANCING POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES. PURPOSE: THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2008 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN (UW) SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH (SMPH) WITH THE GOALS OF 1) PROVIDING A TIMELY AND ACCURATE PICTURE OF THE HEALTH OF THE STATE RESIDENTS; AND 2) SERVING AS AN AGILE RESOURCE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ANCILLARY STUDIES. TODAY SHOW CONTINUES TO SERVE AS A VITAL POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE. PARTICIPANTS: SHOW CURRENTLY INCLUDES 5,846 ADULT AND 980 MINOR PARTICIPANTS RECRUITED BETWEEN 2008-2019 IN FOUR PRIMARY WAVES. WAVE I (2008-2013) INCLUDES ANNUAL STATEWIDE REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES OF 3,380 ADULTS AGES 21 TO 74 YEARS. WAVE II (2014-2016) IS A TRIANNUAL STATEWIDE SAMPLE OF 1957 ADULTS (AGE >/=18 YEARS) AND 645 CHILDREN. WAVE III (2017) CONSISTS OF FOLLOW-UP OF 725 ADULTS FROM THE WAVE I AND BASELINE SURVEYS OF 222 CHILDREN IN SELECTED HOUSEHOLDS. WAVES II AND III INCLUDE STOOL SAMPLES COLLECTED AS PART OF AN ANCILLARY STUDY IN A SUBSET OF 784 INDIVIDUALS. WAVE IV CONSIST OF 517 ADULTS AND 113 CHILDREN RECRUITED FROM TRADITIONALLY UNDER-REPRESENTED POPULATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INCLUDING AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, WI. FINDINGS TO DATE: THE SHOW PROVIDES EXTENSIVE DATA TO EXAMINE THE INTERSECTIONALITY OF MULTIPLE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND POPULATION HEALTH. SHOW INCLUDES A LARGE BIOREPOSITORY AND EXTENSIVE HEALTH DATA COLLECTED IN A GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. OVER 60 STUDIES HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED COVERING A BROAD RANGE OF TOPICS INCLUDING, URBAN AND RURAL DISPARITIES IN CARDIO-METABOLIC DISEASE AND CANCER, OBJECTIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, GREEN-SPACE AND MENTAL HEALTH, TRANSCRIPTOMICS, THE GUT MICROBIOME, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE, AIR POLLUTION, CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS AND HEAVY METAL EXPOSURES. FUTURE PLANS: THE SHOW COHORT IS AVAILABLE FOR CONTINUED LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP AND ANCILLARY STUDIES INCLUDING GENETIC, MULTI-OMIC AND TRANSLATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, AGING, MICROBIOME AND COVID-19 RESEARCH. ARTICLE SUMMARY: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: THE SURVEY OF THE HEALTH OF WISCONSIN (SHOW) IS AN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADVANCE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE COLLECTION AND BROADER DATA ON INDIVIDUAL AND NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.THE EXTENSIVE DATA FROM DIVERSE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OFFERS A UNIQUE STUDY SAMPLE TO COMPARE HOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC GRADIENTS SHAPE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.THE OBJECTIVE HEALTH DATA SUPPORTS NOVEL INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH INITIATIVES AND IS ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR RESEARCH IN CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES (PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, SOCIAL) ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE ON CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH, IMMUNITY, AND AGING RELATED CONDITIONS.THE EXTENSIVE BIOREPOSITORY SUPPORTS NOVEL OMICS RESEARCH INTO COMMON BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NUMEROUS COMPLEX CHRONIC CONDITIONS INCLUDING INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, METABOLOMICS, AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION.ANCILLARY STUDIES, SUCH AS THE WISCONSIN MICROBIOME STUDY, HAVE EXPANDED THE UTILITY OF THE STUDY TO EXAMINE HUMAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.LONG-STANDING PARTNERSHIPS AND RECENT PARTICIPATION AMONG TRADITIONALLY UNDER-REPRESENTED POPULATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH OFFER NUMEROUS OPPORTUNITIES TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY-DRIVEN HEALTH EQUITY WORK.NO BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AMONG CHILDREN.THE STATEWIDE SAMPLING FRAME MAY LIMIT GENERALIZABILITY TO OTHER REGIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.	2021	

11  4585  30 NAD(+) AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: FROM MECHANISMS TO THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD(+)) IS AN ESSENTIAL AND PLEIOTROPIC COENZYME INVOLVED NOT ONLY IN CELLULAR ENERGY METABOLISM, BUT ALSO IN CELL SIGNALING, EPIGENETIC REGULATION, AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS. VASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT NAD(+) METABOLISM. CONVERSELY, THE THERAPEUTIC INCREASE OF NAD(+) LEVELS THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF NAD(+) PRECURSORS OR INHIBITORS OF NAD(+)-CONSUMING ENZYMES REDUCES CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, REACTIVATES AUTOPHAGY AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS, AND ENHANCES OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN VASCULAR CELLS OF HUMANS AND RODENTS WITH VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES. AS SUCH, NAD(+) HAS EMERGED AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR COMBATTING AGE-RELATED CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES NAD(+)-REGULATED MECHANISMS CRITICAL FOR VASCULAR HEALTH AND SUMMARIZES NEW ADVANCES IN NAD(+) RESEARCH DIRECTLY RELATED TO VASCULAR AGING AND DISEASE, INCLUDING HYPERTENSION, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, AND AORTIC ANEURYSMS. FINALLY, WE ENUMERATE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR NAD(+) REPLETION THERAPY WHILE ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE OF THIS EXCITING RESEARCH FIELD, WHICH WILL HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON VASCULAR MEDICINE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  4825  26 OCULAR FUNDUS ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY AND OTHER CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES. AIM: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE OCULAR FUNDUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY (BN) AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 51 PATIENTS WITH BN FROM THE SOUTH MORAVA RIVER REGION IN SERBIA, AND 102 SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASES, MATCHED ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER, OBTAINED FROM A DATABASE USED IN A RECENTLY PUBLISHED STUDY. ALL PATIENTS HAD VISITED OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF THE CLINIC OF NEPHROLOGY, CLINICAL CENTER NIS. ALL PATIENTS UNDERWENT ROUTINE OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATIONS. RESULTS: THERE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE (P < 0.001) PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IN THE GROUP WITH BN (31.37 %) THAN IN THOSE WITH CKD (5.88 %). MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS CONFIRMED THAT THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS RELATED TO AMD IN THE GROUP WITH BN WERE ALBUMINURIA (P < 0.05) AND PROTEINURIA (P < 0.05); IN CKD PATIENTS, THE LEVEL OF HDL (P < 0.05), WHILE NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH THE LEVEL OF TRIGLYCERIDE WAS REGISTERED (P < 0.05). THERE WAS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND AMD. THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS RELATED TO RETINOPATHY IN THE GROUP WITH BN ARE AGE (P < 0.05) AND SERUM CREATININE VALUES (P < 0.05), IN PATIENTS WITH CKD INCREASING AGE (P < 0.001) AND DM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OCULAR FUNDUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH BN IS SIMILAR TO THE PATHOLOGY OF OTHER CKD, BUT WITH SIGNIFICANTLY MORE AMD (ABOUT FOUR TIMES), PROBABLY RELATED TO THE GENETIC/EPIGENETIC FACTORS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13  1094  32 COHORT PROFILE: THE DUTCH FAMINE BIRTH COHORT (DFBC)- A PROSPECTIVE BIRTH COHORT STUDY IN THE NETHERLANDS. PURPOSE: THE DUTCH FAMINE BIRTH COHORT STUDY WAS SET UP TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION OF THE 1944-1945 DUTCH FAMINE DURING THE SPECIFIC STAGES OF GESTATION ON LATER HEALTH, WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON CHRONIC CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASES, AGEING AND MENTAL HEALTH. PARTICIPANTS: THE DUTCH FAMINE BIRTH COHORT CONSISTS OF 2414 SINGLETONS BORN ALIVE AND AT TERM IN THE WILHELMINA GASTHUIS IN AMSTERDAM AROUND THE TIME OF THE DUTCH FAMINE (1943-1947) WHOSE BIRTH RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT. THE COHORT HAS BEEN TRACED AND STUDIED SINCE 1994, WHEN THE FIRST DATA COLLECTION STARTED. THE COHORT HAS BEEN INTERVIEWED AND PHYSICALLY EXAMINED IN SEVERAL WAVES OF DATA COLLECTION SINCE THAT TIME, ALLOWING REPEATED MEASURES OF A WIDE RANGE OF PHENOTYPIC INFORMATION AS WELL AS THE COLLECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES (BLOOD, URINE, BUCCAL SWABS), FUNCTIONAL TESTING (OF HEART, LUNGS, KIDNEY, HPA AXIS) AND IMAGING OF THE BRAIN (MRI) AND VASCULATURE (ULTRASOUND). ADDITIONALLY, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED. THROUGH LINKAGE WITH REGISTRIES, MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY INFORMATION OF THE ENTIRE COHORT HAS BEEN OBTAINED. FINDINGS TO DATE: PRENATAL FAMINE EXPOSURE HAD LASTING CONSEQUENCES FOR HEALTH IN LATER LIFE. THE EFFECTS OF FAMINE DEPENDED ON ITS TIMING DURING THE GESTATION AND THE ORGANS AND TISSUES DEVELOPING AT THAT TIME, WITH MOST EFFECTS AFTER EXPOSURE TO FAMINE IN EARLY GESTATION. THE EFFECTS OF FAMINE WERE WIDESPREAD AND AFFECTED THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MANY ORGANS AND TISSUES, RESULTED IN ALTERED BEHAVIOUR AND INCREASED RISKS OF CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND INCREASED MORTALITY. THE EFFECTS OF FAMINE WERE INDEPENDENT OF SIZE AT BIRTH, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT PROGRAMMING MAY OCCUR WITHOUT ALTERING SIZE AT BIRTH. FUTURE PLANS: AS THE COHORT AGES, WE WILL BE ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL UNDERNUTRITION ON (BRAIN) AGEING, COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA, AS WELL AS OVERALL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. REGISTRATION: THE DUTCH FAMINE BIRTH COHORT IS NOT LINKED TO A CLINICAL TRIAL.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14  5856  26 SUBSTRATE UTILISATION OF CULTURED SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CFS. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS) PATIENTS OFTEN SUFFER FROM SEVERE MUSCLE PAIN AND AN INABILITY TO EXERCISE DUE TO MUSCLE FATIGUE. IT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN THAT CFS SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS HAVE LOWER LEVELS OF ATP AND HAVE AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE DYSFUNCTION. THIS STUDY OUTLINES EXPERIMENTS LOOKING AT THE UTILISATION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES BY SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS FROM CFS PATIENTS (N = 9) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (N = 11) USING EXTRACELLULAR FLUX ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOW THAT CFS SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS ARE UNABLE TO UTILISE GLUCOSE TO THE SAME EXTENT AS HEALTHY CONTROL CELLS. CFS SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS WERE SHOWN TO OXIDISE GALACTOSE AND FATTY ACIDS NORMALLY, INDICATING THAT THE BIOENERGETIC DYSFUNCTION LIES UPSTREAM OF THE TCA CYCLE. THE DYSFUNCTION IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION IS SIMILAR TO WHAT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN IN BLOOD CELLS FROM CFS PATIENTS. THE CONSISTENCY OF CELLULAR BIOENERGETIC DYSFUNCTION IN DIFFERENT CELL TYPES SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CFS IS A SYSTEMIC DISEASE. THE RETENTION OF BIOENERGETIC DEFECTS IN CULTURED CELLS INDICATES THAT THERE IS A GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC COMPONENT TO THE DISEASE. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO USE CELLS DERIVED FROM SKELETAL MUSCLE BIOPSIES IN CFS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS TO LOOK AT CELLULAR BIOENERGETIC FUNCTION IN WHOLE CELLS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15  3496  42 IDENTIFICATION OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A COMPLEX CONDITION INVOLVING MULTIPLE ORGAN SYSTEMS AND CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENT/RELAPSING DEBILITATING FATIGUE, IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION, NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS, AND OTHER SYMPTOMS NOT CURABLE FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS. DISRUPTION OF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS HAS BEEN TIED TO VARIOUS IMMUNE AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES; HOWEVER, ITS STATUS IN ME/CFS REMAINS UNCERTAIN. OUR STUDY AIMED AT IDENTIFYING CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS THAT ASSOCIATE WITH ME/CFS. METHODS: WE EXTRACTED GENOMIC DNA FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 13 ME/CFS STUDY SUBJECTS AND 12 HEALTHY CONTROLS AND MEASURED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION BY ELISA-LIKE METHOD AND SITE-SPECIFIC METHYLATION STATUS USING ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC MICROARRAYS. PYROSEQUENCING VALIDATION INCLUDED 33 ME/CFS CASES AND 31 CONTROLS FROM TWO GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT COHORTS. RESULTS: GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF ME/CFS CASES WERE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF CONTROLS. HOWEVER, MICROARRAY-BASED APPROACH ALLOWED DETECTION OF 17,296 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES IN 6,368 GENES ACROSS REGULATORY ELEMENTS AND WITHIN CODING REGIONS OF GENES. ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN PROMOTER REGIONS REVEALED 307 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTERS. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTERS PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST 15 DIFFERENT PATHWAYS MOSTLY RELATED TO CELL SIGNALING WITH A STRONG IMMUNE COMPONENT. CONCLUSIONS: THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY THAT HAS EXPLORED GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ME/CFS USING THE ADVANCED ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC MICROARRAYS COVERING ABOUT 850,000 CPG SITES IN TWO GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT COHORTS OF ME/CFS CASES AND MATCHED CONTROLS. OUR RESULTS ARE ALIGNED WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES THAT INDICATE A DYSREGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN ME/CFS. THEY ALSO SUGGEST A POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DE-REGULATION IN THE PATHOBIOLOGY OF ME/CFS. WE PROPOSE SCREENING OF LARGER COHORTS OF ME/CFS CASES TO DETERMINE THE EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN ORDER TO IMPLEMENT THEM AS POSSIBLE DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS IN CLINICAL SETTING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  5862  37 SUPERTAG METHYLATION-SPECIFIC DIGITAL KARYOTYPING REVEALS UREMIA-INDUCED EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELATED GENES. BACKGROUND: ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A HALLMARK OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). ALTHOUGH THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS INCREASINGLY APPRECIATED, ONLY A FEW STUDIES FOCUSED ON EPIGENETICS IN CKD-ASSOCIATED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, VIRTUALLY ALL OF WHICH ASSESSED EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION GLOBALLY. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT GENE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IN CKD EXISTS, AFFECTING GENES PERTINENT TO INFLAMMATION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. METHODS AND RESULTS: TEN CLINICALLY STABLE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY AND 10 HEALTHY AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED CONTROLS WERE RECRUITED. GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION WAS PERFORMED BY SUPERTAG METHYLATION-SPECIFIC DIGITAL KARYOTYPING, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY GENES DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN CKD. ANALYSIS OF 27 043 436 TAGS REVEALED 4288 GENOMIC LOCI WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION (P<10(-10)) BETWEEN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. ANNOTATION OF UNITAGS TO PROMOTER DATABASES ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY 52 CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 97 CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE/INFECTION DISEASES. THESE CANDIDATE GENES COULD BE CLASSIFIED TO DISTINCT PROATHEROGENIC PROCESSES, INCLUDING LIPID METABOLISM AND TRANSPORT (EG, HMGCR, SREBF1, LRP5, EPHX2, AND FDPS), CELL PROLIFERATION AND CELL-CYCLE REGULATION (EG, MIK67, TP53, AND ALOX12), ANGIOGENESIS (EG, ANGPT2, ADAMTS10, AND FLT4), AND INFLAMMATION (EG, TNFSF10, LY96, IFNGR1, HSPA1A, AND IL12RB1). CONCLUSIONS: WE PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CKD, IDENTIFYING CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PROATHEROGENIC AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. THESE RESULTS MAY SPUR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF EPIGENETICS IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND POINT TO NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN CKD-ASSOCIATED ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17  1024  33 CIRCULATING MICRORNAS 34A, 122, AND 192 ARE LINKED TO OBESITY-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC DISEASE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: OBESITY-ASSOCIATED CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION LEADS TO DYSREGULATION OF CENTRAL LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM PATHWAYS LEADING TO METABOLIC DISORDERS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KNOWN TO CONTROL REGULATORS OF METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS. WE AIMED TO ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS WITH INFLAMMATORY MODULATORS AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC OBESITY. METHODS: FROM A PEDIATRIC COHORT WITH SEVERE OBESITY (N = 109), CLINICALLY THOROUGHLY CHARACTERIZED INCLUDING DIVERSE ROUTINE BLOOD PARAMETERS, ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST, AND LIVER MRI, A PANEL OF 16 CIRCULATING MIRNAS WAS QUANTIFIED USING QRT-PCR. ADDITIONALLY, MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION TNFALPHA, IL1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, PROCALCITONIN, CRP, AND IL-6 WERE MEASURED. RESULTS: MARKERS OF OBESITY-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION, TNFALPHA, IL-1RA, AND PROCALCITONIN, ALL SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH CONCENTRATIONS OF MIRNAS 122 AND 192. CONCENTRATIONS OF THESE MIRNAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND WERE AMONG THOSE STRONGLY LINKED TO PARAMETERS OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND LIVER FUNCTION. MOREOVER, MIRNA122 CONCENTRATIONS CORRELATED WITH HOMA-IR. SEVERAL MIRNA LEVELS INCLUDING MIRNAS 34A, 93, 122, AND 192 WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERING BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH PREDIABETES, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, METABOLIC SYNDROME, OR NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE COMPARED TO THE RESPECTIVE CONTROLS. ADDITIONALLY, MIRNA 192 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN METABOLICALLY UNHEALTHY OBESITY. CONCLUSIONS: A MIRNA PATTERN ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION AND COMORBIDITIES MAY BE USED TO DISTINGUISH METABOLICALLY HEALTHY FROM UNHEALTHY PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH OBESITY. MOREOVER, THESE CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION COULD POTENTIALLY BE INVOLVED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF OBESITY-LINKED METABOLIC DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18   350  32 ALTERED DYNAMICS OF LIPID METABOLISM IN MUSCLE CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY IS AMELIORATED BY 6 MONTHS OF TRAINING. KEY POINTS: REGULAR EXERCISE IMPROVES MUSCLE FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND CLINICAL STATE OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY (IIM). IN OUR STUDY, WE USED AN IN VITRO MODEL OF HUMAN PRIMARY MUSCLE CELL CULTURES, DERIVED FROM IIM PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER A 6-MONTH INTENSIVE SUPERVISED TRAINING INTERVENTION TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF DISEASE AND EXERCISE ON LIPID METABOLISM DYNAMICS. WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT MUSCLE CELLS FROM IIM PATIENTS DISPLAY ALTERED DYNAMICS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND IMPAIRED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO SATURATED FATTY ACID LOAD COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. A 6-MONTH INTENSIVE SUPERVISED EXERCISE TRAINING INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH IIM MITIGATED DISEASE EFFECTS IN THEIR CULTURED MUSCLE CELLS, IMPROVING OR NORMALIZING THEIR CAPACITY TO HANDLE LIPIDS. THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE PUTATIVE ROLE OF INTRINSIC METABOLIC DEFECTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IIM AND THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF EXERCISE, MAINTAINED IN VITRO BY YET UNKNOWN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. ABSTRACT: EXERCISE IMPROVES SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION, CLINICAL STATE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY (IIM). OUR AIM WAS TO IDENTIFY DISEASE-RELATED METABOLIC PERTURBATIONS AND THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS OF IIM PATIENTS. PATIENTS UNDERWENT A 6-MONTH INTENSIVE SUPERVISED TRAINING INTERVENTION. MUSCLE FUNCTION, ANTHROPOMETRIC AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS WERE EXAMINED AND MUSCLE CELL CULTURES WERE ESTABLISHED (M. VASTUS LATERALIS; BERGSTROM NEEDLE BIOPSY) BEFORE AND AFTER TRAINING FROM PATIENTS AND SEDENTARY AGE/SEX/BODY MASS INDEX-MATCHED CONTROLS. [(14) C]PALMITATE WAS USED TO DETERMINE FAT OXIDATION AND LIPID SYNTHESIS (THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY). CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO A CHRONIC (3 DAYS) AND ACUTE (3 H) METABOLIC CHALLENGE (THE SATURATED FATTY ACID PALMITATE, 100 MUM). REDUCED OXIDATIVE (INTERMEDIATE METABOLITES, -49%, P = 0.034) AND NON-OXIDATIVE (DIGLYCERIDES, -38%, P = 0.013) LIPID METABOLISM WAS IDENTIFIED IN PALMITATE-TREATED MUSCLE CELLS FROM IIM PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. THREE DAYS OF PALMITATE EXPOSURE ELICITED DISTINCT REGULATION OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (OXPHOS) COMPLEX IV AND COMPLEX V/ATP SYNTHASE (P = 0.012/0.005) AND ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE IN PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS (P = 0.045) (IMMUNOBLOTTING). IMPORTANTLY, 6 MONTHS OF TRAINING IN IIM PATIENTS IMPROVED LIPID METABOLISM (CO(2) , P = 0.010; INTERMEDIATE METABOLITES, P = 0.041) AND ACTIVATION OF AMP KINASE (P = 0.007), AND NEARLY NORMALIZED PALMITATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN OXPHOS PROTEINS IN MYOTUBES FROM IIM PATIENTS, IN PARALLEL WITH IMPROVEMENTS OF PATIENTS' CLINICAL STATE. MYOTUBES FROM IIM PATIENTS DISPLAYED ALTERED DYNAMICS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND IMPAIRED RESPONSE TO METABOLIC CHALLENGE WITH SATURATED FATTY ACID. OUR OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT METABOLIC DEFECTS INTRINSIC TO SKELETAL MUSCLE COULD REPRESENT NON-IMMUNE PATHOMECHANISMS, WHICH CAN CONTRIBUTE TO MUSCLE WEAKNESS IN IIM. A 6-MONTH TRAINING INTERVENTION MITIGATED DISEASE EFFECTS IN MUSCLE CELLS IN VITRO, INDICATING THE EXISTENCE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  3502  52 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES: PROTOCOL FOR A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION RELATES TO THE EXCESS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF THIS GROUP. RATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ARE MUCH HIGHER IN PEOPLE WITH BOTH DIABETES AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION THAN IN THOSE WITH ONLY ONE OF THESE CONDITIONS. BY THE TIME THESE PEOPLE ARE IDENTIFIED IN CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE, PROTEINURIA AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION ARE ALREADY ESTABLISHED, LIMITING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. THE IDENTIFICATION OF AN EPIGENETIC OR BLOOD METABOLITE SIGNATURE OR GUT MICROBIOME PROFILE MAY IDENTIFY THOSE WITH DIABETES AT RISK OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, IN TURN PROVIDING TARGETED INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES. OBJECTIVE: THIS STUDY AIMS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSIVE RENAL INJURY AND TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THREE SOURCES OF BIOMARKERS WILL BE EXPLORED, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES, THE METABOLOMIC PROFILE OF BLOOD-DERIVED PLASMA AND URINE, AND THE GUT MICROBIOME. METHODS: THE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY RECRUITED 121 PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND VARYING STAGES (STAGES 1-5) OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. SINGLE-POINT DATA COLLECTION INCLUDED BLOOD, URINE, AND FECAL SAMPLES IN ADDITION TO CLINICAL DATA SUCH AS ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM MEDICAL RECORDS INCLUDED PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS, MEDICAL COMORBIDITIES, AND MEDICATIONS. RESULTS: DATA COLLECTION COMMENCED IN JANUARY 2018 AND WAS COMPLETED IN JUNE 2018. AT THE TIME OF SUBMISSION, 121 PATIENTS HAD BEEN RECRUITED, AND 119 SAMPLES REMAINED AFTER QUALITY CONTROL. THERE WERE 83 PARTICIPANTS IN THE EARLY DIABETES-ASSOCIATED CKD GROUP WITH A MEAN ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR) OF 61.2 ML/MIN/1.73 M2 (EARLY CKD GROUP CONSISTING OF STAGE 1, 2, AND 3A CKD), AND 36 PARTICIPANTS IN THE LATE DIABETIC CKD GROUP WITH A MEAN EGFR OF 23.9 ML/MIN/1.73 M2 (LATE CKD GROUP, CONSISTING OF STAGE 3B, 4, AND 5), P<.001. WE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY OBTAINED DNA FOR METHYLATION AND MICROBIOME ANALYSES USING THE BIOSPECIMENS COLLECTED VIA THIS PROTOCOL AND ARE CURRENTLY ANALYZING THESE RESULTS TOGETHER WITH THE METABOLOME OF THIS COHORT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETIC CKD. CONCLUSIONS: RECENT ADVANCES HAVE IMPROVED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENOME, METABOLOMICS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON THE INCIDENCE OF DISEASES SUCH AS CANCERS, PARTICULARLY THOSE RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. HOWEVER, THERE IS A PAUCITY OF LITERATURE SURROUNDING THESE INFLUENCERS IN RENAL DISEASE. THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CKD IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES, ESPECIALLY IN NOVEL AREAS SUCH AS EPIGENETICS, METABOLOMICS, AND THE KIDNEY-GUT AXIS. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/16277.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20  1095  41 COHORT PROFILE: THE EWHA BIRTH AND GROWTH STUDY. WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF LIFE-COURSE EPIDEMIOLOGY, RESEARCHERS REALIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING RISK FACTORS IN EARLY LIFE TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS LED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EWHA BIRTH AND GROWTH STUDY IN 2001; THE STUDY IS A PROSPECTIVE BIRTH COHORT DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF EARLY LIFE RISK FACTORS FOR A CHILD'S GROWTH AND HEALTH. PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED FROM THOSE WHO VISITED EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY MOKDONG HOSPITAL (A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SOUTHWEST SEOUL, KOREA) FOR PRENATAL CARE AT 24-28 WEEKS OF GESTATION. IN TOTAL, 891 MOTHERS ENROLLED IN THIS STUDY BETWEEN 2001 AND 2006 AND THEIR OFFSPRING (N=940) WERE FOLLOWED-UP. REGULAR CHECK-UP EXAMINATIONS OF OFFSPRING WERE CONDUCTED AT 3 YEARS, 5 YEARS, AND 7 YEARS OF AGE AND EVERY YEAR THEREAFTER. TO CONSIDER AGE-RELATED HEALTH ISSUES, EXTENSIVE DATA WERE COLLECTED USING QUESTIONNAIRES AND MEASUREMENTS. IN 2021, THE STUDY SUBJECTS WILL REACH 19 YEARS OF AGE, AND WE ARE PLANNING A CHECK-UP EXAMINATION FOR EARLY ADULTHOOD. ABOUT 20 YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THE COHORT DATA WERE COLLECTED, AND WE HAVE PUBLISHED RESULTS ON CHILDHOOD HEALTH OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH PRENATAL AND BIRTH CHARACTERISTICS, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO CHILDHOOD METABOLISM, THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, AND DIETARY PATTERNS IN CHILDHOOD. RECENTLY, WE STARTED REPORTING ON TOPICS RELATED TO ADOLESCENT HEALTH. THE FINDINGS WILL FACILITATE IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY LIFE RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC DISEASES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERVENTIONS FOR DISEASES LATER IN LIFE.	2021