1  4943 131 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS INTERGENERATIONAL ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIORS TO MALE OFFSPRING ON A PURE C57BL/6J BACKGROUND. WHILE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) IS A HIGHLY HERITABLE CONDITION, THE BASIS OF AUD IN FAMILIES WITH A HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN BY GENETIC VARIATION ALONE. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT PARENTAL EXPERIENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION CAN AFFECT INHERITANCE OF COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING VIA NON-GENOMIC (EPIGENETIC) MECHANISMS. FOR INSTANCE, MALE C57BL/6J (B6) MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL (CIE) PRIOR TO MATING WITH STRAIN 129S1/SVIMJ ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES PRODUCE MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND INCREASED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA). IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THESE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL CIE ARE REPRODUCIBLE IN MALE OFFSPRING ON AN INBRED B6 BACKGROUND. TO THIS END, B6 MALES WERE EXPOSED TO 6 WEEKS OF CIE (OR ROOM AIR AS A CONTROL) BEFORE MATING WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE B6 FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)-SIRED AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED A SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECT, AS E-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED DECREASED TWO-BOTTLE FREE-CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, AND INCREASED VTA BDNF EXPRESSION; NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE FINDINGS CONFIRM AND EXTEND OUR PREVIOUS RESULTS BY DEMONSTRATING THAT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL ARE REPRODUCIBLE USING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, INBRED B6 ANIMALS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
2  4944  50 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  4069  34 MATERNAL CHRONIC FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET THROUGH METHYLATION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B IN OFFSPRING HIPPOCAMPUS. SCOPE: MATERNAL CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) DURING PREGNANCY INCREASES THE RISK OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS. FOLATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPLASTICITY AND THE PRESERVATION OF NEURONAL INTEGRITY. THIS STUDY AIMS AT DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR, AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED. METHODS AND RESULTS: FEMALE MICE WERE FED A CONTROL DIET, AN HFD, CONTROL DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE, OR AN HFD SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE MATING. OPEN FIELD TASK AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ARE USED TO EVALUATE THE OFFSPRING BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT OFFSPRING COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING THOSE RELATED TO OPEN FIELD EXPLORATION AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED WHEN DAMS WERE TREATED WITH FOLATE IN PREGNANCY. MOREOVER, THE MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENT DECREASED BDNF AND GRIN2B METHYLATION AND UPREGULATED THEIR EXPRESSIONS IN THE BRAIN OF OFFSPRING, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASING THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES COMPARED WITH THOSE DAMS WERE TREATED ONLY HFD IN PREGNANCY. CONCLUSION: MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B GENES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4  3300  28 HIGH-FAT DIET REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF RAT SPERMATOZOA AND TRANSGENERATIONALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF FAT CONSTITUTES AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS THAT LEADS TO METABOLIC DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) TRANSGENERATIONALLY REMODELS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA AND METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. METHODS: F0-MALE RATS FED EITHER HFD OR CHOW DIET FOR 12 WEEKS WERE MATED WITH CHOW-FED DAMS TO GENERATE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING. MOTILE SPERMATOZOA WERE ISOLATED FROM F0 AND F1 BREEDERS TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA (SNCRNA) EXPRESSION PATTERN BY DEEP SEQUENCING. RESULTS: NEWBORN OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS HAD REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AND PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. ADULT FEMALE, BUT NOT MALE, OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS WERE GLUCOSE INTOLERANT AND RESISTANT TO HFD-INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN. THIS PHENOTYPE WAS PERPETUATED IN THE F2 PROGENY, INDICATING TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA FROM HFD-FED F0 AND THEIR F1 MALE OFFSPRING SHOWED COMMON DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF SPERM MIRNA LET-7C WAS PASSED DOWN TO METABOLIC TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING, INDUCING A TRANSCRIPTOMIC SHIFT OF THE LET-7C PREDICTED TARGETS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO MECHANISMS BY WHICH HFD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERM CELLS, THEREBY AFFECTING METABOLIC TISSUES OF OFFSPRING THROUGHOUT TWO GENERATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  1839  28 EFFECTS OF PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN OFFSPRING RATS AND ITS HEREDITABILITY. PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE (PNE) COULD INDUCE AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULT OFFSPRING, THAT MAINLY CAUSED BY INTRAUTERINE MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) OVER-EXPOSURE. WE INVESTIGATED THE CHANGES AND INHERITABILITY OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM CAUSED BY PNE, TO DECIPHER THE POSSIBLE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING MECHANISM. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH 2 MG/KG.D NICOTINE FROM GESTATIONAL DAY (GD) 9 APPROXIMATELY 20, AND SECOND-GENERATION (F2) WERE SET ACCORDING TO THE MATING BETWEEN CONTROL FEMALES AND PNE MALES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN F1 FETAL RATS OF PNE BUT HIGHER IN THE F1 ADULT RATS. MEANWHILE, THE ACTIVATED STATES OF HEPATIC GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM, INCLUDING TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES (HSD11B1/2), NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 3, GROUP C, MEMBER 1 (NR3C1) AND CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA (CEBPA), WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS BUT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE HISTONE ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) AND EXPRESSION LEVELS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH. FURTHERMORE, SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN BOTH F2 FETAL AND ADULT RATS OF PNE, WHICH WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE HEPATIC CHANGES OF GC-IGF1 AXIS AND THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM. IN CONCLUSION, PNE COULD LEAD TO INHERITABLE CHANGES OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM, WHICH ARE RELATED TO THE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF GC-IGF1 AXIS INDUCED BY THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6  1096  50 COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL-TREATED MICE IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART ANXIETY-LIKE AND ETHANOL-INDUCED BEHAVIORS TO ADULT PROGENY. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN MICE IMPARTS ADULT MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL DRINKING PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND ATTENUATED STRESS RESPONSIVITY. THAT SAME CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE PARADIGM WAS LATER REVEALED TO AFFECT THE SPERM EPIGENOME BY ALTERING THE ABUNDANCE OF SEVERAL SMALL NONCODING RNAS, A MECHANISM THAT MEDIATES THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF NUMEROUS PATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT THE UNIQUE RNA SIGNATURE OF SPERM IS SHAPED DURING MATURATION IN THE EPIDIDYMIS VIA EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS), FORMAL DEMONSTRATION THAT EVS MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS IS LACKING. THEREFORE, IN THE CURRENT STUDY WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS ARE SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, SPERM FROM ETHANOL-NAIVE DONORS WERE INCUBATED WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL (ETHANOL EV-DONOR) OR CONTROL-TREATED (CONTROL EV-DONOR) MICE PRIOR TO IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) AND EMBRYO TRANSFER. PROGENY WERE EXAMINED FOR ETHANOL- AND STRESS-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN ADULTHOOD. ETHANOL EV-DONORS IMPARTED REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AT WEANING AND IMPARTED MODESTLY INCREASED LIMITED ACCESS ETHANOL INTAKE TO MALE OFFSPRING. ETHANOL-EV DONORS ALSO IMPARTED INCREASED BASAL ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO ETHANOL-INDUCED ANXIOLYSIS TO FEMALE OFFSPRING. ALTHOUGH ETHANOL EV-DONOR TREATMENT DID NOT RECAPITULATE THE ETHANOL- OR STRESS-RELATED INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ETHANOL FOLLOWING NATURAL MATING, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL THROUGH THE MALE GERMLINE. THIS MECHANISM MAY GENERALIZE TO THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF A WIDE VARIETY OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7   910  45 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ETHANOL OF MALE MICE BEFORE MATING PRODUCES ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER-LIKE PHENOTYPE ALONG WITH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN MOUSE OFFSPRING. PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURE TO ETOH THROUGH THE PATERNAL ROUTE MAY AFFECT NEUROBEHAVIORAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES OF OFFSPRING. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO ETOH BEFORE CONCEPTION ON THE HYPERACTIVITY, INATTENTION, AND IMPULSIVITY BEHAVIOR OF MALE OFFSPRING IN MICE. SIRE MICE WERE TREATED WITH ETOH IN A CONCENTRATION RANGE APPROXIMATING HUMAN BINGE DRINKING (0-4 G/KG/DAY ETOH) FOR 7 WEEKS AND MATED WITH UNTREATED FEMALES MICE TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING. ETOH EXPOSURE TO SIRE MICE INDUCED ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)-LIKE HYPERACTIVE, INATTENTIVE, AND IMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING. AS A MECHANISTIC LINK, BOTH PROTEIN AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT), A KEY DETERMINANT OF ADHD-LIKE PHENOTYPES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND HUMANS, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED BY PATERNAL ETOH EXPOSURE IN CEREBRAL CORTEX AND STRIATUM OF OFFSPRING MICE ALONG WITH INCREASED METHYLATION OF A CPG REGION OF THE DAT GENE PROMOTER. THE INCREASE IN METHYLATION OF DAT GENE PROMOTER WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN THE SPERM OF SIRE MICE, SUGGESTING GERMLINE CHANGES IN THE EPIGENETIC METHYLATION SIGNATURE OF DAT GENE BY ETOH EXPOSURE. IN ADDITION, THE EXPRESSION OF TWO KEY REGULATORS OF METHYLATION-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FUNCTIONAL GENE EXPRESSION, NAMELY, MECP2 AND DNMT1, WAS MARKEDLY DECREASED IN OFFSPRING CORTEX AND STRIATUM SIRED BY ETOH-EXPOSED MICE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT PRECONCEPTIONAL EXPOSURE TO ETOH THROUGH THE PATERNAL ROUTE INDUCES BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN OFFSPRING, POSSIBLY VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE REGULATION OF ADHD-LIKE BEHAVIORS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8  3785  30 INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LPS (PG LPS) ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY, AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE OFFSPRING. DESIGN: TO ACHIEVE PERIODONTITIS, PG LPS (5 MUG/KG) WAS INJECTED INTO THE GINGIVAL OF FIVE FEMALE RATS EVERY 48 H FOR THREE WEEKS. FIVE CONTROL FEMALE RATS RECEIVED SALINE (0.9 %) AND FIVE FEMALE WERE KEPT INTACT. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TNF-ALPHA AND IL-6 WERE MEASURED IN THE BLOOD SAMPLES. ONE WEEK AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION, FEMALES WERE MATED WITH INTACT MALES. FOLLOWING BIRTH AND WEANING, TWO MALE AND TWO FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM EACH MOTHER, AND NEW GROUPS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE DEFINED FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS. MORRIS WATER MAZE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SPATIAL MEMORY, SHUTTLE BOX WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND A PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE OFFSPRING. RESULTS: SPATIAL LEARNING AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE RATS, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. LATENCY TO REACH SEIZURE STAGES 1 AND 2 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, BUT NOT THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND IN LATENCY TO REACH STAGES 3-5. CONCLUSION: PRE-PREGNANCY EXPOSURE TO PG LPS COULD AFFECT SOME BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING INTERGENERATIONALLY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9    73  33 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  6559  37 TRANSGENERATIONAL INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AMONG MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MEMORY WITHIN THE BRAIN. MOREOVER, THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL DRUG-EXPOSURE BEFORE GESTATION ON BEHAVIORAL STATE OF OFFSPRING HAS BEEN LITTLE STUDIED. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON AVOIDANCE MEMORY, MORPHINE PREFERENCE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING. THE TOTAL OF 32 MALES AND 32 FEMALES WERE USED FOR MATING. THE ANIMALS WERE TREATED WITH MORPHINE. THE OFFSPRING ACCORDING TO THEIR PARENTAL MORPHINE TREATMENT WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS (N=16) INCLUDING PATERNALLY TREATED, MATERNALLY TREATED, BOTH OF PARENTS TREATED AND NAIVE ANIMALS. THE PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR, AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY WERE EVALUATED IN THE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, THE TOTAL OF 256 OFFSPRING WAS USED FOR THE EXPERIMENTS (4 TASKS X 4 GROUPS OF OFFSPRING X 8 FEMALE OFFSPRING X 8 MALE OFFSPRING). THE FINDING REVEALED THAT THE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND VISCERAL PAIN WERE REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. MOREOVER, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE MALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. WHILE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN FEMALE OFFSPRING THAT WERE TREATED BY MORPHINE EITHER MATERNALLY OR BOTH OF PARENTS. THE DATA REVEALED THAT THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM MAY BE ALTERED IN THE OFFSPRING OF MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT(S), AND EPIGENETIC ROLE COULD BE IMPORTANT. HOWEVER, ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SIGNIFIED THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MATERNAL INHERITANCE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  4075  41 MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET IMPAIRS LEPTIN SIGNALING AND UP-REGULATES TYPE-1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR WITH SEX-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF NEWBORN RATS. MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES TRIGGER DEVELOPMENTAL ADAPTATIONS INVOLVING EARLY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT CHRONIC DISEASE. MATERNAL HIGH-FAT (HF) DIET PROMOTES OBESITY AND HYPOTHALAMIC LEPTIN RESISTANCE IN MALE RAT OFFSPRING AT WEANING AND ADULTHOOD. LEPTIN RESISTANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OVER ACTIVATION OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM (ECS). THE ECS MAINLY CONSISTS OF ENDOCANNABINOIDS DERIVED FROM N-6 FATTY ACIDS AND CANNABINOID RECEPTORS (CB1 CODED BY CNR1 AND CB2 CODED BY CNR2). THE CB1 ACTIVATION IN HYPOTHALAMUS STIMULATES FEEDING AND APPETITE FOR FAT WHILE CB2 ACTIVATION SEEMS TO PLAY AN IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASES HYPOTHALAMIC CB1 IN MALE OFFSPRING WHILE INCREASES CB2 IN FEMALE OFFSPRING AT BIRTH, PRIOR TO OBESITY DEVELOPMENT. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BEHIND THESE CHANGES REMAIN UNEXPLORED. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT MATERNAL HF DIET WOULD DOWN-REGULATE LEPTIN SIGNALING AND UP-REGULATE CNR1 MRNA LEVELS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE OFFSPRING AT BIRTH, ASSOCIATED WITH SEX-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND SEX STEROID SIGNALING. TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS, WE USED PROGENITOR FEMALE RATS THAT RECEIVED CONTROL DIET (C, 9% FAT) OR ISOCALORIC HIGH-FAT DIET (HF, 28% FAT) FROM 8 WEEKS BEFORE MATING UNTIL DELIVERY. BLOOD, HYPOTHALAMUS AND CARCASS FROM C AND HF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE COLLECTED FOR BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES AT BIRTH. MATERNAL HF DIET DOWN-REGULATED THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR STAT3 IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING, BUT INDUCED HYPOLEPTINEMIA ONLY IN MALES AND DECREASED PHOSPHORYLATED STAT3 ONLY IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. BECAUSE LEPTIN ACTS THROUGH STAT3 PATHWAY TO INHIBIT CENTRAL ECS, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LEPTIN PATHWAY IMPAIRMENT MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED LEVELS OF CRN1 MRNA IN HYPOTHALAMUS OF BOTH SEX OFFSPRING. BESIDES, MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASED THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PERCENTAGE OF CNR1 PROMOTER IN MALE OFFSPRING AND INCREASED THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR BINDING TO THE CNR1 PROMOTER, WHICH CAN CONTRIBUTE TO HIGHER EXPRESSION OF CNR1 IN NEWBORN HF OFFSPRING. MATERNAL HF DIET INCREASED PLASMA N6 TO N3 FATTY ACID RATIO IN MALE OFFSPRING, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR TO METABOLIC DISEASES AND MIGHT INDICATE AN OVER ACTIVATION OF ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALING. THUS, ALTHOUGH MATERNAL HF DIET PROGRAMS A SIMILAR PHENOTYPE IN ADULT OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES (OBESITY, HYPERPHAGIA AND HIGHER PREFERENCE FOR FAT), HERE WE SHOWED THAT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVING LEPTIN SIGNALING, ECS, EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND SEX HORMONE SIGNALING WERE MODIFIED PRIOR TO OBESITY DEVELOPMENT AND CAN DIFFER BETWEEN NEWBORN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE OBSERVATIONS MAY PROVIDE MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO SEX-SPECIFIC TARGETS FOR ANTI-OBESITY THERAPIES.	2019	

12  4939  35 PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE IN RATS PRODUCES LONG-LASTING NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN THE OFFSPRING. STUDIES OF INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PARENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURE HAVE PRINCIPALLY FOCUSED ON MATERNAL EXPOSURE, PARTICULARLY FOR STUDIES OF ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE ADVERSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS ON THE OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, PATERNAL TOXICANT EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY IN THEIR OFFSPRING. RECENT WORK SUGGESTS THAT PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN HAVE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, ALTHOUGH IT REMAINS UNCLEAR WHETHER SUCH CHANGES LEAD TO NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR OFFSPRING. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 0 OR 2 MG/KG/DAY NICOTINE (SC) FOR 56 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WITH TWO CONSECUTIVE 2ML4 OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS. FOLLOWING TREATMENT, THESE MALES WERE MATED WITH DRUG-NAIVE FEMALE RATS. OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES WERE TESTED IN A BEHAVIORAL BATTERY TO ASSESS LOCOMOTION, EMOTIONAL FUNCTION AND COGNITION. PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE DID NOT IMPACT OFFSPRING VIABILITY, HEALTH OR GROWTH. HOWEVER, BEHAVIORAL FUNCTION OF THE OFFSPRING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BY PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE. MALE OFFSPRING WITH PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE EXHIBITED LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY IN THE FIGURE-8 APPARATUS WHEN TESTED DURING ADOLESCENCE. WHEN RETESTED IN ADULTHOOD AND REGARDLESS OF SEX, OFFSPRING OF THE NICOTINE EXPOSED FATHER SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HABITUATION OF LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY OVER THE COURSE OF THE SESSION. COMPARED TO CONTROLS, FEMALE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED RESPONSE LATENCY IN THE RADIAL ARM MAZE TEST. IN ADDITION TO LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY, THE OFFSPRING OF NICOTINE-EXPOSED FATHERS ALSO SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED HABITUATION IN THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE CAN IMPACT THE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING, PRODUCING LOCOMOTOR HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPAIRED HABITUATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  4930  46 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ACQUISITION OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND AFFECTS BDNF DNA METHYLATION IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REFLECTS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE MAY AFFECT RODENT OFFSPRING VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MALE GERM LINE. WHILE SUCH EXPOSURE ALTERS ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE OFFSPRING, NO STUDIES EXAMINED IF IT IMPACTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. WE EXPOSED MALE (SIRES) WISTAR RATS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL IN VAPOUR CHAMBERS (16 H/DAY; 5 DAYS/WEEK) OR TO AIR FOR 6 WEEKS. EIGHT WEEKS LATER, RATS WERE MATED WITH ALCOHOL-NAIVE FEMALES. ADULT ALCOHOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED F1 OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED IN ACQUISITION OF ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH INCREASING ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS (2.5%, 5% AND 10%, V/V) WERE DELIVERED AFTER ONE LEVER PRESS (FIXED RATIO 1 OR FR1). PRIOR TO ALCOHOL SESSIONS, RATS WERE TRAINED TO LEVER PRESS FOR FOOD DELIVERY UNDER AN FR1 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE WERE MEASURED IN SPERM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) IN SIRES AND IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES HAD LOWER BDNF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN NAC AND GREATER METHYLATION LEVELS IN MPFC. ALTHOUGH THIS PATTERN WAS NOT RECAPITULATED IN OFFSPRING, ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES DID SHOW ABERRANT BDNF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING SELF-ADMINISTERED LESS ALCOHOL (5% AND 10%) WITH NO GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FOOD RESPONDING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION PROTECTS AGAINST ALCOHOL'S INITIAL REINFORCING EFFECTS BUT THE PATTERN OF DYSREGULATED BDNF METHYLATION IN REWARD-RELATED CIRCUITRY DID NOT MIMIC CHANGES SEEN IN SIRES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14  4945  43 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY ETHANOL DRINKING ALTERS BEHAVIOR AND ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX ETIOLOGY. RECENT PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (ETOH) EXPOSURE VIA VAPORIZED ETOH ALTERED DRINKING BEHAVIORS AND SENSITIVITY TO ETOH SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE USED A VOLUNTARY ORAL ROUTE OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETOH EXPOSURE, I.E., INTERMITTENT EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING, AND TESTED OFFSPRING FOR BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS. FIFTEEN ETOH DRINKING SIRES AND 10 CONTROL SIRES WERE MATED TO ETOH NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETOH-SIRED AND CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. THESE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED USING THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, OPEN FIELD, DRINKING IN THE DARK, AND UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE ASSAYS. WE FOUND THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING RESULTED IN REDUCED ETOH CONSUMPTION SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING IN THE DRINKING IN THE DARK ASSAY COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. NO DIFFERENCES WERE DETECTED IN EITHER SEX IN THE UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ASSAYS. OPEN FIELD ANALYSIS REVEALED COMPLEX CHANGES IN BASAL BEHAVIOR AND ETOH-INDUCED BEHAVIORS THAT WERE SEX SPECIFIC. WE CONCLUDED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION HAS PERSISTENT EFFECTS THAT IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION. THIS STUDY ADDS TO A GROWING APPRECIATION THAT ONE'S BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO ETOH AND ETOH DRINKING BEHAVIOR ARE IMPACTED BY ETOH EXPOSURE OF THE PRIOR GENERATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
15  4752  37 NOVEL ROLE OF GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE IN LIMITING MATERNAL AND DIETARY OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: MATERNAL OBESITY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN OFFSPRING, UNDERPINNING THE THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PROGRAMMING OF ADULT CHRONIC DISEASE BY MATERNAL OBESITY, THEREFORE, DNA DEMETHYLATING AGENTS MAY MITIGATE OFFSPRING RISK OF DISEASE. IN RODENT MODELS, LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN TO REDUCE RENAL FIBROSIS VIA DNA DEMETHYLATION. WE USED MOUSE MODELS OF MATERNAL OBESITY AND OFFSPRING OBESITY TO DETERMINE WHETHER ADMINISTRATION OF LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE DURING GESTATION CAN PREVENT FETAL PROGRAMMING OF CKD IN OFFSPRING. METHODS: FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED HIGH FAT DIET (HFD) OR CHOW PRIOR TO MATING, DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. DURING GESTATION, DAMS RECEIVED SUBCUTANEOUS HYDRALAZINE (5 MG/KG) OR SALINE THRICE-WEEKLY. MALE OFFSPRING WEANED TO HFD OR CHOW, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL ENDPOINT AT 32 WEEKS. BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS, RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, RENAL FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES, AND RENAL MARKERS OF FIBROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE ASSESSED AT ENDPOINT. RESULTS: OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO MATERNAL OBESITY OR DIET-INDUCED OBESITY HAD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, TOGETHER WITH OTHER ADVERSE RENAL EFFECTS INCLUDING ALBUMINURIA, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, RENAL FIBROSIS, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE HAD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. IN OBESE OFFSPRING OF OBESE MOTHERS, GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED ALBUMINURIA, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, AND SERUM CREATININE. OBESE OFFSPRING OF HYDRALAZINE-TREATED LEAN MOTHERS DISPLAYED REDUCED MARKERS OF RENAL FIBROSIS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. CONCLUSION: GESTATIONAL HYDRALAZINE DECREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND EXERTED RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS IN OFFSPRING. THIS SUPPORTS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF HYDRALAZINE IN PREVENTING MATERNAL OBESITY OR DIETARY OBESITY-RELATED CKD, THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16  4081  32 MATERNAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION SUPPRESSES T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN F1 MICE. PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING LATE-LIFE CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS LINKING THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN THE OFFSPRING ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HAVE CONFIRMED A CENTRAL PATHOGENIC ROLE OF T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS, PARTICULARLY C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR (CCR) 2 AND CCR5, IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC PRENATAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION (MS) DIET RICH IN METHIONINE PATHWAY METABOLITES ON THE T CELL CHEMOKINE SYSTEM IN F1 C57BL/6 MICE. FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER AN MS OR CONTROL DIET 3 WK PRIOR TO MATING, DURING PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION. AT 4 WK OF AGE, F1 MICE WERE KILLED FOR EXPERIMENTS OR WERE FED THE STANDARD NIH-31 DIET AND ALLOWED TO AGE. FOOD CONSUMPTION, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND LITTER SIZE WERE SIMILAR IN DAMS FED THE CONTROL AND MS DIETS. HOWEVER, THE F1 OFFSPRING OF DAMS FED THE MS DIET WERE SMALLER IN SIZE (P < 0.001). T CELLS FROM THE MS F1 OFFSPRING HAD GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL F1 OFFSPRING (P < 0.005), CORRESPONDING TO LOWER T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION [CCR2 (P < 0.001), CCR5 (P < 0.001), AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 3 (P < 0.01)] AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION [TNFALPHA (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.001), AND IL-4 (P < 0.01)]. REDUCED T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN MS F1 MICE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED CHEMOTAXIS IN VITRO TO C-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND (CCL) 2 AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND 10 (P < 0.01) AND IN VIVO TO CCL2 (P < 0.01). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH PRENATAL DIET MANIPULATION REDUCES THE RESPONSE TO PROINFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN MICE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
17  4949  33 PATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED PATHOLOGIES. BACKGROUND: THERE HAS BEEN RECENT INTEREST IN THE POSSIBILITY THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED VULNERABILITY. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON POSSIBLE PATERNAL TRANSMISSION WITH THE SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS PARADIGM. METHODS: ADULT MALE MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR CONTROL NONDEFEATED MICE WERE BRED WITH NORMAL FEMALE MICE, AND THEIR OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED BEHAVIORALLY FOR DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE MEASURES. PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR WERE ALSO ASSAYED. TO DIRECTLY ASSESS THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, WE USED IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF); BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON OFFSPRING OF MICE FROM IVF-CONTROL AND IVF-DEFEATED FATHERS. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING FROM DEFEATED FATHERS EXHIBIT INCREASED MEASURES OF SEVERAL DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THE MALE OFFSPRING OF DEFEATED FATHERS ALSO DISPLAY INCREASED BASELINE PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND DECREASED LEVELS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR. HOWEVER, MOST OF THESE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES WERE NOT OBSERVED WHEN OFFSPRING WERE GENERATED THROUGH IVF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS THAT OCCUR AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS CAN BE TRANSMITTED FROM THE FATHER TO HIS MALE AND FEMALE F1 PROGENY, ONLY VERY SUBTLE CHANGES MIGHT BE TRANSMITTED EPIGENETICALLY UNDER THE CONDITIONS TESTED.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18   418  39 ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMS PRETERM BIRTH RISK AND ADVERSE MATERNAL AND NEWBORN OUTCOMES. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC STRESS IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF MANY CAUSES OF HUMAN PRETERM BIRTH (PTB), BUT NO DIRECT EVIDENCE HAS YET BEEN PROVIDED. HERE WE SHOW IN RATS THAT STRESS ACROSS GENERATIONS HAS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC AND BEHAVIOURAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PTB POSSIBLY VIA MICRORNA (MIRNA) REGULATION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS OF THE PARENTAL GENERATION WERE EXPOSED TO STRESS FROM GESTATIONAL DAYS 12 TO 18. THEIR PREGNANT DAUGHTERS (F1) AND GRAND-DAUGHTERS (F2) EITHER WERE STRESSED OR REMAINED AS NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS, LITTER SIZE AND OFFSPRING WEIGHT GAIN FROM POSTNATAL DAYS 1 TO 30 WERE RECORDED IN EACH GENERATION, INCLUDING F3. MATERNAL BEHAVIOURS WERE ANALYSED FOR THE FIRST HOUR AFTER COMPLETED PARTURITION, AND OFFSPRING SENSORIMOTOR DEVELOPMENT WAS RECORDED ON POSTNATAL DAY (P) 7. F0 THROUGH F2 MATERNAL BRAIN FRONTAL CORTEX, UTERUS AND PLACENTA MIRNA AND GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS WERE USED TO IDENTIFY STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR AND PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. RESULTS: PROGRESSIVELY UP TO THE F2 GENERATION, STRESS GRADUALLY REDUCED GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN AND BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVITY, AND INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS. REDUCED OFFSPRING GROWTH AND DELAYED BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE STRESS COHORT WAS RECOGNIZABLE AS EARLY AS P7, WITH THE GREATEST EFFECT IN THE F3 OFFSPRING OF TRANSGENERATIONALLY STRESSED MOTHERS. FURTHERMORE, STRESS ALTERED MIRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN THE BRAIN AND UTERUS OF F2 MOTHERS, INCLUDING THE MIR-200 FAMILY, WHICH REGULATES PATHWAYS RELATED TO BRAIN PLASTICITY AND PARTURITION, RESPECTIVELY. MAIN MIR-200 FAMILY TARGET GENES IN THE UTERUS, STAT5B, ZEB1 AND ZEB2, WERE DOWNREGULATED BY MULTIGENERATIONAL STRESS IN THE F1 GENERATION. ZEB2 WAS ALSO REDUCED IN THE STRESSED F2 GENERATION, SUGGESTING A CAUSAL MECHANISM FOR DISTURBED PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. ADDITIONALLY, STRESS INCREASED PLACENTAL MIR-181A, A MARKER OF HUMAN PTB. CONCLUSIONS: THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A FAMILY HISTORY OF STRESS MAY PROGRAM CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PATHWAYS REGULATING GESTATIONAL LENGTH AND MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE MATERNAL LINEAGE. THIS NEW PARADIGM MAY MODEL THE ORIGIN OF MANY HUMAN PTB CAUSES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19  4947  41 PATERNAL SEPSIS INDUCES ALTERATIONS OF THE SPERM METHYLOME AND DAMPENS OFFSPRING IMMUNE RESPONSES-AN ANIMAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: SEPSIS REPRESENTS THE UTMOST SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF INFECTION, INVOLVING A DYSREGULATED AND SELF-DAMAGING IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE HOST. WHILE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES LIKE CHRONIC STRESS OR MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN WELL DESCRIBED TO REPROGRAM THE GERMLINE AND SUBSEQUENTLY OFFSPRING ATTRIBUTES, THE INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF SEPSIS AS A TREMENDOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL STRESSOR HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET. METHODS: POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS IN 12-WEEK-OLD MALE C57BL/6 MICE WAS INDUCED BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP), FOLLOWED BY A MATING OF THE MALE SURVIVORS (OR APPROPRIATE SHAM CONTROL ANIMALS) 6 WEEKS LATER WITH HEALTHY FEMALES. ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF OFFSPRING ANIMALS WERE ISOLATED AND STIMULATED WITH EITHER LPS OR ZYMOSAN, AND SUPERNATANT LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA WERE QUANTIFIED BY ELISA. FURTHERMORE, SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE RESPONSE TO INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED LPS WAS ASSESSED AFTER 24 H. ALSO, MORPHOLOGY, MOTILITY, AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF THE SEPSIS SURVIVORS' SPERM WAS EXAMINED. RESULTS: COMPARATIVE REDUCED REDUCTION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) OF SPERM REVEALED CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION (N = 381), MOST PRONOUNCED IN THE INTERGENIC GENOME AS WELL AS WITHIN INTRONS OF DEVELOPMENTALLY RELEVANT GENES. OFFSPRING OF SEPSIS FATHERS EXHIBITED A SLIGHT DECREASE IN BODY WEIGHT, WITH A MORE PRONOUNCED WEIGHT DIFFERENCE IN MALE ANIMALS (CLP VS. SHAM). MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS, BUT NOT FEMALE DESCENDANTS, EXHIBITED LOWER PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND IL-10 24 H AFTER INJECTION OF LPS. IN LINE, ONLY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS PRODUCED LESS TNF-ALPHA UPON ZYMOSAN STIMULATION COMPARED TO SHAM DESCENDANTS, WHILE LPS RESPONSES KEPT UNCHANGED. CONCLUSION: WE CAN PROVE THAT MALE-BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT FEMALE-DESCENDANTS OF POST-SEPSIS FATHERS SHOW A DAMPENED SYSTEMIC AS WELL AS PULMONARY IMMUNE RESPONSE. BASED ON THIS OBSERVATION OF AN IMMUNE HYPO-RESPONSIVITY, WE PROPOSE THAT MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS ARE AT RISK TO DEVELOP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MIGHT BENEFIT FROM THERAPEUTIC IMMUNE MODULATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  4079  42 MATERNAL L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MALE MICE OFFSPRING DUE TO MATERNAL SMOKING. OBJECTIVES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ANIMAL STUDIES SHOWED THAT L-CARNITINE (LC) SUPPLEMENTATION CAN AMELIORATE OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED TISSUES DAMAGE. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT MATERNAL CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE (SE) CAN INCREASE RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NEWBORN OFFSPRING WITH POSTNATAL KIDNEY UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTHOOD, WHICH WERE NORMALISED BY LC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SE DAMS DURING PREGNANCY. EXPOSURE TO AN ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT MAY LEAD TO ALTERATION IN THE EPIGENOME, A MECHANISM BY WHICH ADVERSE PRENATAL CONDITIONS INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASE LATER IN LIFE. THE CURRENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER MATERNAL SE INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE OFFSPRING'S KIDNEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT, AND THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MATERNAL LC SUPPLEMENTATION. METHOD: FEMALE BALB/C MICE (7 WEEKS) WERE EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE (SE) OR AIR (SHAM) FOR 6 WEEKS PRIOR TO MATING, DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. A SUBGROUP OF THE SE DAMS RECEIVED LC VIA DRINKING WATER (SE + LC, 1.5 MMOL/L) THROUGHOUT GESTATION AND LACTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE STUDIED AT POSTNATAL DAY (P)1, P20, AND 13 WEEKS. RESULTS: MATERNAL SE ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF RENAL DEVELOPMENT MARKERS GLIAL CELL LINE-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 MRNA EXPRESSION AT BIRTH. THESE DISORDERS WERE REVERSED BY MATERNAL LC ADMINISTRATION. CONCLUSION: THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL SE ON RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT INVOLVES GLOBAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS FROM BIRTH, WHICH CAN BE PREVENTED BY MATERNAL LC SUPPLEMENTATION.	2019