1  4683 189 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON FOLATE TRANSPORT IN RELATION TO ALCOHOLISM-INDUCED FOLATE MALABSORPTION--ASSOCIATION WITH EPIGENOME STABILITY AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT. FOLATES ARE MEMBERS OF THE B-CLASS OF VITAMINS, WHICH ARE REQUIRED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES, AND FOR THE METHYLATION OF ESSENTIAL BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING PHOSPHOLIPIDS, DNA, AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS. FOLATES CANNOT BE SYNTHESIZED DE NOVO BY MAMMALS; HENCE, AN EFFICIENT INTESTINAL ABSORPTION PROCESS IS REQUIRED. INTESTINAL FOLATE TRANSPORT IS CARRIER-MEDIATED, PH-DEPENDENT AND ELECTRONEUTRAL, WITH SIMILAR AFFINITY FOR OXIDIZED AND REDUCED FOLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. THE VARIOUS TRANSPORTERS, I.E. REDUCED FOLATE CARRIER, PROTON-COUPLED FOLATE TRANSPORTER, FOLATE-BINDING PROTEIN, AND ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS, ARE INVOLVED IN THE FOLATE TRANSPORT PROCESS IN VARIOUS TISSUES. ANY IMPAIRMENT IN UPTAKE OF FOLATE CAN LEAD TO A STATE OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY, THE MOST PREVALENT VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN WORLD, AFFECTING 10% OF THE POPULATION IN THE USA. SUCH IMPAIRMENTS IN FOLATE TRANSPORT OCCUR IN A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS, INCLUDING CHRONIC USE OF ETHANOL, SOME INBORN HEREDITARY DISORDERS, AND CERTAIN DISEASES. AMONG THESE, ETHANOL INGESTION HAS BEEN THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO FOLATE DEFICIENCY. ETHANOL-ASSOCIATED FOLATE DEFICIENCY CAN DEVELOP BECAUSE OF DIETARY INADEQUACY, INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION, ALTERED HEPATOBILIARY METABOLISM, ENHANCED COLONIC METABOLISM, AND INCREASED RENAL EXCRETION. ETHANOL REDUCES THE INTESTINAL AND RENAL UPTAKE OF FOLATE BY ALTERING THE BINDING AND TRANSPORT KINETICS OF FOLATE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. ALSO, ETHANOL REDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF FOLATE TRANSPORTERS IN BOTH INTESTINE AND KIDNEY, AND THIS MIGHT BE A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR FOR FOLATE MALABSORPTION, LEADING TO FOLATE DEFICIENCY. THE MAINTENANCE OF INTRACELLULAR FOLATE HOMEOSTASIS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE ONE-CARBON TRANSFER REACTIONS NECESSARY FOR DNA SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL METHYLATION REACTIONS. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC DETERMINANT IN GENE EXPRESSION, IN THE MAINTENANCE OF DNA INTEGRITY AND STABILITY, IN CHROMOSOMAL MODIFICATIONS, AND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUTATIONS. ETHANOL, A TOXIN THAT IS CONSUMED REGULARLY, HAS BEEN FOUND TO AFFECT THE METHYLATION OF DNA. IN ADDITION TO ITS EFFECT ON DNA METHYLATION DUE TO FOLATE DEFICIENCY, ETHANOL COULD DIRECTLY EXERT ITS EFFECT THROUGH ITS INTERACTION WITH ONE-CARBON METABOLISM, IMPAIRMENT OF METHYL GROUP SYNTHESIS, AND AFFECTING THE ENZYMES REGULATING THE SYNTHESIS OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE, THE PRIMARY METHYL GROUP DONOR FOR MOST BIOLOGICAL METHYLATION REACTIONS. THUS, ETHANOL PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL DISEASES THROUGH ITS POTENTIAL ABILITY TO MODULATE THE METHYLATION OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF FOLATE MALABSORPTION IN ALCOHOLISM, THE MECHANISM OF METHYLATION-ASSOCIATED SILENCING OF GENES, AND HOW THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHANOL AND FOLATE DEFICIENCY AFFECTS THE METHYLATION OF GENES, THEREBY MODULATING EPIGENOME STABILITY AND THE RISK OF CANCER.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  1193  38 CORRELATION OF CYP2R1 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH CIRCULATING VITAMIN D LEVELS AMONG HEALTHY ADULTS. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: DESPITE BEING A TROPICAL COUNTRY, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS HIGHLY PREVALENT IN INDIA WITH STUDIES INDICATING 40-99 PER CENT PREVALENCE. APART FROM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM, VITAMIN D IS INVOLVED IN CELL CYCLE REGULATION, CARDIOVASCULAR, HEPATOPROTECTION. THE METABOLISM OF VITAMIN D IS REGULATED BY VITAMIN D TOOL GENES (CYP2R1/CYP27B1/CYP24A1/VDR). THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SOME OF THESE GENES HAVE CPG ISLANDS, MAKING THEM PRONE TO METHYLATION INDUCED GENE SILENCING, WHICH MAY CAUSE A REDUCTION IN CIRCULATING VITAMIN D LEVELS. EPIGENETIC BASIS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS YET TO BE STUDIED IN INDIA, AND HENCE, THIS PILOT STUDY WAS AIMED TO ANALYZE WHETHER METHYLATION LEVELS OF CYP2R1 GENE WERE CORRELATED WITH THE LEVELS OF 25(OH)D IN HEALTHY, ADULT INDIVIDUALS IN INDIAN POPULATION. METHODS: IN THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, HEALTHY ADULTS OF 18-45 YR OF AGE WITH NO HISTORY OF MALABSORPTION, THYROIDECTOMY, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR THERAPEUTIC VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION WERE RECRUITED. DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT BY METHYLATION SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE PCR. SERUM CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE AND VITAMIN D LEVELS WERE ALSO QUANTIFIED. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS DONE BY R 4.0.5 SOFTWARE. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 61 APPARENTLY HEALTHY ADULTS WERE ANALYZED. THE SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS DID NOT CORRELATE WITH CYP2R1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN OUR STUDY POPULATION. SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN AGE AND SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF GENDER WAS FOUND WITH CYP2R1 METHYLATION LEVELS. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF CYP2R1 METHYLATION AND CIRCULATING 25(OH)D DEFICIENCY. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INDIAN POPULATION HAVING A LARGER SAMPLE SIZE INCLUDING ENTIRE VITAMIN D TOOL GENES, AMONG DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS MAY BE CONDUCTED TO ELUCIDATE MOLECULAR ETIOLOGY OF CIRCULATING 25(OH)D DEFICIENCY. THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF NORMAL SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE LEVELS AMONG VITAMIN D DEFICIENT SUBJECTS IN THIS STUDY COUPLED WITH THE STRIKINGLY HIGH PREVALENCE OF THE DEFICIENCY AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL, MAY SUGGEST THE NEED TO REVISE THE CUT-OFF CRITERIA FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN THE INDIAN POPULATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3  1140  33 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  1939  46 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND (PATHO)PHYSIOLOGY OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT USE IN OBESE WOMEN BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY. PRECONCEPTION FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT USE IS A WELL-KNOWN METHOD OF PRIMARY PREVENTION OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (NTDS). OBESE WOMEN ARE AT A HIGHER RISK FOR HAVING A CHILD WITH A NTD. AS DIFFERENT INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT USE FOR OBESE WOMEN BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY EXIST, THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY IN OBESE (PRE)PREGNANT WOMEN, ELABORATES ON POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING FOLATE DEFICIENCY, AND DISCUSSES CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USAGE OF HIGHER DOSES OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTS. WOMEN WITH OBESITY MORE OFTEN SUFFER FROM AN ABSOLUTE FOLATE DEFICIENCY, AS THEY ARE LESS COMPLIANT TO PERICONCEPTIONAL FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT USE RECOMMENDATIONS. IN ADDITION, THEIR DIETARY FOLATE INTAKE IS LIMITED DUE TO AN UNBALANCED DIET (RELATIVE MALNUTRITION). THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY AND NTDS ALSO SEEMS TO BE INDEPENDENT OF FOLATE INTAKE, WITH STUDIES SUGGESTING AN INCREASED NEED OF FOLATE (RELATIVE DEFICIENCY) DUE TO DERANGEMENTS INVOLVED IN OTHER PATHWAYS. THE RELATIVE FOLATE DEFICIENCY, AS A RESULT OF AN INCREASED METABOLIC NEED FOR FOLATE IN OBESE WOMEN, CAN BE DUE TO: (1) LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (2) INSULIN RESISTANCE, (3) INOSITOL, AND (4) DYSBIOTIC GUT MICROBIOME, WHICH PLAYS A ROLE IN FOLATE PRODUCTION AND UPTAKE. IN ALL THESE PATHWAYS, THE FOLATE-DEPENDENT ONE-CARBON METABOLISM IS INVOLVED. IN CONCLUSION, SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF SEVERAL FOLATE-RELATED PATHWAYS IMPLIES TO INCREASE THE RECOMMENDED FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN OBESE WOMEN. HOWEVER, THE PHYSIOLOGICAL UPTAKE OF SYNTHETIC FOLIC ACID IS LIMITED AND SIDE-EFFECTS OF UNMETABOLIZED FOLIC ACID IN MOTHERS AND OFFSPRING, IN PARTICULAR VARIATIONS IN EPIGENETIC (RE)PROGRAMMING WITH LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS, CANNOT BE EXCLUDED. THEREFORE, WE EMPHASIZE ON THE URGENT NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND PRECONCEPTION PERSONALIZED COUNSELING ON FOLATE STATUS, LIFESTYLE, AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  1781  34 EFFECT OF 1 YEAR B AND D VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENT METHYLATION IN OLDER SUBJECTS. BACKGROUND: DISTURBED DNA METHYLATION IS CAUSALLY RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASES LIKE CANCER AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. B VITAMINS ARE COFACTORS REQUIRED FOR METHYL GROUP SYNTHESIS AND MAY THEREFORE AFFECT DNA METHYLATION. VITAMIN D HAS EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. WE TESTED IF B AND D VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION HAS AN EFFECT ON GENOMIC LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) METHYLATION AND THE METABOLITES S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (SAM) AND S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE (SAH). METHODS: FIFTY SUBJECTS (MEDIAN AGE 68.0 YEARS) WERE SUPPLEMENTED WITH A DAILY ORAL DOSE OF B VITAMINS (500 MICROG FOLIC ACID, 500 MICROG VITAMIN B12 AND 50 MG VITAMIN B6), 1200 IU VITAMIN D AND 456 MG CALCIUM. FASTING BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BEFORE AND AFTER 1 YEAR OF SUPPLEMENTATION. LINE-1 METHYLATION WAS DETERMINED IN GENOMIC DNA FROM BLOOD CELLS AS A SURROGATE FOR WHOLE GENOME METHYLATION. IN ADDITION, SAM, SAH AND TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE (THCY) WERE MEASURED IN PLASMA SAMPLES. RESULTS: PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY AFTER SUPPLEMENTATION (12.8 VS. 9.1 MICROMOL/L; P<0.05), WHEREAS SAM, SAH, THE SAM/SAH RATIO AND LINE-1 METHYLATION DID NOT CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY. LINE-1 METHYLATION WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH SAH, HOMOCYSTEINE OR B VITAMINS. CONCLUSIONS: LONG-TERM VITAMIN B SUPPLEMENTATION HAD NO EFFECT ON LINE-1 METHYLATION IN BLOOD CELLS NOR ON PLASMA LEVELS OF SAM AND SAH. VITAMIN B AND D SUPPLEMENTATION SEEMS TO HAVE NO EFFECT ON DNA METHYLATION, ESPECIALLY IN CASES WHERE NO SEVERE DEFICIENCY EXISTS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6   558  46 B-VITAMIN DEPENDENT METHIONINE METABOLISM AND ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE. CONVINCING EVIDENCE LINKS ABERRANT B-VITAMIN DEPENDENT HEPATIC METHIONINE METABOLISM TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (ALD). THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE ESSENTIAL ROLES OF FOLATE AND VITAMINS B6 AND B12 IN HEPATIC METHIONINE METABOLISM, THE CAUSES OF THEIR DEFICIENCIES AMONG CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC PERSONS, AND HOW THEIR DEFICIENCIES TOGETHER WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IMPACT ON ABERRANT METHIONINE METABOLISM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALD. FOLATE IS THE DIETARY TRANSMETHYLATION DONOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (SAM), WHICH IS THE SUBSTRATE FOR ALL METHYLTRANSFERASES THAT REGULATE GENE EXPRESSIONS IN PATHWAYS OF LIVER INJURY, AS WELL AS A REGULATOR OF THE TRANSSULFURATION PATHWAY THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF GLUTATHIONE (GSH), THE PRINCIPAL ANTIOXIDANT FOR DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE LIVER INJURY. VITAMIN B12 REGULATES TRANSMETHYLATION REACTIONS FOR SAM PRODUCTION AND VITAMIN B6 REGULATES TRANSSULFURATION REACTIONS FOR GSH PRODUCTION. FOLATE DEFICIENCY ACCELERATES THE EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALD IN ETHANOL-FED ANIMALS WHILE REDUCING LIVER SAM LEVELS WITH RESULTANT ABNORMAL GENE EXPRESSION AND DECREASED PRODUCTION OF ANTIOXIDANT GSH. THROUGH ITS EFFECTS ON FOLATE METABOLISM, REDUCED SAM ALSO IMPAIRS NUCLEOTIDE BALANCE WITH RESULTANT INCREASED DNA STRAND BREAKS, OXIDATION, HEPATOCELLULAR APOPTOSIS, AND RISK OF CARCINOGENESIS. THE REVIEW ENCOMPASSES REFERENCED STUDIES ON MECHANISMS FOR PERTURBATIONS OF METHIONINE METABOLISM IN ALD, EVIDENCE FOR ALTERED GENE EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALD, AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON POTENTIAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ALD BY CORRECTION OF METHIONINE METABOLISM WITH SAM.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  6305  49 THE QUESTION IS WHETHER INTAKE OF FOLIC ACID FROM DIET ALONE DURING PREGNANCY IS SUFFICIENT. PREGNANCY AND FOLIC ACID: PREGNANCY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PERIOD IN LIFE OF EVERY WOMAN, PARTIALLY FOR THE NUMBER OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS SHE IS GOING THROUGH, PARTIALLY FOR THE EXPECTANCE OF NEW LIFE. IN ADDITION, PREGNANCY IS THE "CRITICAL WINDOW" FOR DEVELOPMENT LATER IN CHILDHOOD, AS A PERIOD OF FOETAL PROGRAMMING DURING WHICH NUTRITION PLAYS ONE OF CRUCIAL ROLES. DESPITE THE GENERAL BELIEF THAT NUTRITION THROUGH PREGNANCY IS ADEQUATE AND CHARACTERIZED BY BETTER NUTRITIONAL HABITS, A NUMBER OF STUDIES DO NOT CORROBORATE THIS BELIEF. ROLE OF FOLIC ACID: AN ADEQUATE FOLATE BLOOD LEVEL IS NECESSARY FOR NORMAL CELL GROWTH, SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL COMPOUNDS INCLUDING DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID, PROPER BRAIN AND NEUROLOGIC FUNCTIONS; IT IS INCLUDED IN THE REGULATION OF HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL, AND CLOSELY RELATED TO THE VITAMIN B12 METABOLISM. FOLATE DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY IS RELATED TO NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS, OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, PRETERM DELIVERY AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. FOOD SOURCES: A CORRELATION BETWEEN FOLATE AND THE PREVENTION OF BROAD SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC DISEASES HAS BEEN CONFIRMED. EMERGING EVIDENCE FROM THE EPIGENETIC STUDIES IS NOW BRINGING EVEN MORE LIGHT ON THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE OF FOLIC ACID. A WIDE RANGE OF PLANT AND ANIMAL FOODS ARE THE NATURAL SOURCES OF FOLATE; LIVER, YEAST, MUSHROOMS, AND GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES BEING THE MOST SIGNIFICANT. DIFFERENT WAYS OF FOOD PREPARATION INFLUENCE THE FOLATE STABILITY AND ITS BIOAVAILABILITY VARIES FROM 25 TO 50% FROM FOODS, 85% FROM ENRICHED FOODS OR 100% FROM SUPPLEMENTS. CONCLUSION: A GREAT AMOUNT OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS HAS LED TO OFFICIAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AS WELL AS IN A NUMBER OF OBLIGATORY OR VOLUNTARY FORTIFICATION PROGRAMMES IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE FOLATE DEFICIENCY ON THE LEVEL OF DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS. NEVERTHELESS, THERE MUST BE A CERTAIN LEVEL OF PRECAUTION FOR ELDERLY BECAUSE FOLATE CAN MASK THE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY WITH POSSIBLE FATAL OUTCOMES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  4214  51 METHIONINE METABOLISM IN YUCATAN MINIATURE SWINE. METHIONINE IS AN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID WHICH WHEN NOT INCORPORATED INTO PROTEIN, CAN BE CONVERTED TO S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE, THE UNIVERSAL METHYL DONOR IN OVER 200 TRANSMETHYLATION REACTIONS, WHICH INCLUDE CREATINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (PC) SYNTHESIS, AS WELL AS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) METHYLATION. FOLLOWING TRANSMETHYLATION, HOMOCYSTEINE IS FORMED, WHICH CAN BE CONVERTED TO CYSTEINE VIA TRANSSULFURATION OR REMETHYLATED TO METHIONINE BY RECEIVING A METHYL GROUP FROM FOLATE OR BETAINE. CHANGES TO METHYL GROUP AVAILABILITY IN UTERO CAN LEAD TO PERMANENT CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION, WHICH HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN "FETAL PROGRAMMING", A PHENOMENON ASSOCIATED WITH POOR NUTRITION DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT THAT RESULTS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND DISEASE IN LATER LIFE. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT PROGRAMMING CAN ALSO OCCUR IN THE NEONATE. OUR GLOBAL OBJECTIVE WAS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE VARIABILITY OF NUTRIENTS INVOLVED IN METHIONINE METABOLISM CAN AFFECT METHIONINE AND METHYL GROUP AVAILABILITY. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT NUTRIENTS THAT CONVERGE ON METHIONINE METABOLISM CAN AFFECT METHIONINE AVAILABILITY FOR ITS VARIOUS FUNCTIONS. IN THIS THESIS, WE USED INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTED (IUGR) PIGLETS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER A GLOBAL NUTRITIONAL INSULT IN UTERO CAN LEAD TO A PERTURBED METHIONINE METABOLISM. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT IUGR PIGLETS HAVE A LOWER CAPACITY TO DISPOSE OF HOMOCYSTEINE VIA BOTH TRANSSULFURATION AND REMETHYLATION PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS A LOWER INCORPORATION OF METHYL GROUPS INTO PC. THE SECOND OBJECTIVE OF THIS THESIS WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER VARIATION IN METHIONINE SUPPLY AND DEMAND CAN AFFECT METHIONINE AVAILABILITY. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT STIMULATING EITHER ACUTE OR CHRONIC CREATINE SYNTHESIS LEADS TO LOWER METHYL INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN AND PC IN PIGS. FURTHERMORE, WHEN METHIONINE IS LIMITING, SUPPLEMENTATION WITH EITHER FOLATE OR BETAINE LEADS TO HIGHER METHIONINE AVAILABILITY FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. FINALLY, BECAUSE CREATINE IS INCREASINGLY BEING UTILIZED AS AN ERGOGENIC AND NEUROPROTECTIVE SUPPLEMENT, WE WANTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER PROVISION OF THE CREATINE PRECURSOR, GUANIDINOACETATE (GAA), COULD EFFECTIVELY INCREASE TISSUE CREATINE STORES. WE SHOWED THAT 2.5 WEEKS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH GAA IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN CREATINE AT INCREASING HEPATIC AND MUSCLE CREATINE STORES. THE RESULTS OF THIS THESIS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE PRESENCE OF IUGR, AN INCREASED DEMAND FOR CREATINE SYNTHESIS, OR THE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH REMETHYLATION NUTRIENTS CAN EACH AFFECT METHIONINE AVAILABILITY; ALL ARE IMPORTANT WHEN CONSIDERING NEONATAL NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS. FURTHERMORE, ALTHOUGH GAA IS EFFECTIVE AT INCREASING LEVELS OF TISSUE CREATINE, HIGHER GAA METHYLATION CAN LIMIT METHIONINE AVAILABILITY FOR GROWTH AND SYNTHESIS OF PC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  5728  27 SLEEP QUALITY AND METHYLATION STATUS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES. CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION MAY AFFECT METABOLISM, HORMONE SECRETION PATTERNS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. LIMITED REPORTS SUGGEST ALSO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, SUCH AS CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THE STUDY AIMS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POOR SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP DURATION AND THE LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON 710 NURSES AND MIDWIVES AGED 40-60 YEARS. DATA FROM INTERVIEWS REGARDING SLEEP HABITS AND POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS WERE USED. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES WAS DETERMINED VIA QMSP REACTIONS USING DNA SAMPLES DERIVED FROM LEUCOCYTES. NO SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED IN THE TOTAL STUDY POPULATION OR IN THE TWO SUBGROUPS OF WOMEN STRATIFIED BY THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF WORK. A BORDERLINE SIGNIFICANCE ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN A SHORTER DURATION OF SLEEP AND AN INCREASED METHYLATION LEVEL IN CDKN2A AMONG DAY WORKING NURSES AND MIDWIVES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO EXPLORE THIS UNDER-INVESTIGATED TOPIC.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  5538  42 ROLE OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM CAUSING CANCER IN OMNIVORES AND VEGETARIANS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. ONE OF THE SIGNIFICANT CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS CANCER FORMATION VIA SEVERAL CONTRIBUTING FACTORS SUCH AS ACTION OF ALCOHOL METABOLITES, VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. ALL THESE FACTORS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO CAUSE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS VIA DNA HYPOMETHYLATION, THUS FORMING A BASIS FOR CANCER DEVELOPMENT. SEVERAL PUBLISHED REVIEWS AND STUDIES WERE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED. OMNIVORES AND VEGETARIANS DIFFER IN TERMS OF NUTRITIONAL INTAKE AND DEFICIENCIES. AS FOLATE DEFICIENCY WAS FOUND TO BE COMMON AMONG THE OMNIVORES, CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM COULD POSSIBLY CAUSE DAMAGE AND EVENTUALLY CANCER IN AN OMNIVOROUS INDIVIDUAL VIA DNA HYPOMETHYLATION DUE TO FOLATE DEFICIENCY. FURTHERMORE, AS NIACIN WAS FOUND TO BE DEFICIENT AMONG VEGETARIANS, DAMAGE IN VEGETARIAN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS COULD BE DUE TO INCREASED NADH/NAD (+) RATIO, THUS SLOWING ALCOHOL METABOLISM IN LIVER LEADING TO INCREASED ALCOHOL AND ACETALDEHYDE WHICH INHIBIT METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, EVENTUALLY LEADING TO DNA HYPOMETHYLATION. HENCE CORRECTING THE CONCERNED DEFICIENCY AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH S-ADENOSYL METHIONINE COULD PROVE TO BE PROTECTIVE IN CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  1066  46 CLINICAL USE OF AMINO ACIDS AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT: PROS AND CONS. NITROGEN SUPPLY IS PIVOTAL FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF LIFE. AMINO ACIDS CAN BE UTILIZED TO SYNTHESIZE BOTH GLUCOSE AND LIPIDS. THE OPPOSITE, I.E., PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS FROM EITHER ONE OF THEM, IS NOT POSSIBLE IN THE ABSENCE OF OTHER AMINO ACIDS AS DONORS OF NITROGEN. THE QUALITY OF AMINO ACID CONTENT IN PROTEIN HAS BEEN RE-EVALUATED RECENTLY, AND THE RELEVANCE OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY UNDERLINED. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN DIFFERENT MAMMALS ARE NOT IDENTICAL, AND RATIOS AMONG THEM SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN PROJECTING AN EFFICIENT FORMULATION. RECENT RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT GENES RESPOND TO DIFFERENT QUALITIES AND QUANTITIES OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPLY, AND INCREASED PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS INCREASES LIFESPAN IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS THROUGH MITOCHONDRIOGENESIS AND MAINTENANCE OF ELEVATED RATES OF SYNTHESIS OF ANTI-OXIDANT MOLECULES. MOREOVER, GENETIC EXPRESSION OF KEY CONTROLLERS OF SYNTHESIS, LIKE MTOR, MAY BE PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR UNDERSTANDING SKELETAL MUSCLE MAINTENANCE. LOSSES OF MUSCLE MASS AND IMPAIRED IMMUNE FUNCTION ARE RELATED TO REDUCED PROTEIN SUPPLY, AND THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT REGULAR ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID INTAKE AS PART OF AN ORAL DIET IS EFFECTIVE IN REVERSING MUSCLE CATABOLISM, PROMOTING MUSCLE ANABOLISM, AND RESTORING IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION. THEREFORE, THE USE OF AMINO ACIDS AS SUPPLEMENTS TO DIET WOULD BE EXPANDING IN THE NEAR FUTURE. IS THIS SAFE? FEW DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON AMINO ACID TOXICITY, AND ONLY ONE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID MAY BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE CLINICALLY RELEVANT TOXICITY: METHIONINE, BECAUSE IT IS TRANSFORMED INTO A TOXIC INTERMEDIATE, HOMOCYSTEINE, WHEN CYSTEINE SYNTHESIS IS REQUIRED BY METABOLIC NEEDS. MATCHING OF STOICHIOMETRIC RATIOS BETWEEN METHIONINE AND CYSTEINE MAY SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF SUPPLYING SUFFICIENT AMOUNTS OF SULFUR TO THE BODY. ARGININE AND GLUTAMINE ARE TWO NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS THAN CAN BECOME "CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL" BECAUSE OF ELEVATED NEEDS DURING PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AND METABOLISM MAY NOT BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THEIR CONCENTRATIONS AT SUFFICIENT LEVELS TO MATCH METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS. CHRONIC EXOGENOUS ARGININE SUPPLEMENTATION HAS NOT PROVEN TO EXERT POSITIVE CLINICAL EFFECTS IN DIFFERENT TRIALS, AND SEQUENTIAL ARTICULATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF INTRODUCTION OF ARGININE-DRIVEN TRANSCRIPTIONAL, TRANSLATIONAL, AND EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS MAY GIVE US A KEY FOR INTERPRETING THOSE PUZZLING RESULTS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  1189  35 CORRELATION BETWEEN GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND SERUM C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL MODIFIED BY MTHFR POLYMORPHISM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER TUMOR INCIDENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC ALTERATIONS. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN INFLAMMATION MARKER, C-REACTIVE-PROTEIN (CRP), AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. METHODS: THE SUBJECTS WERE 384 HEALTHY JAPANESE WOMEN ENROLLED AS THE CONTROL GROUP OF A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FOR BREAST CANCER CONDUCTED FROM 2001 TO 2005. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED BY LUMINOMETRIC METHYLATION ASSAY (LUMA). RESULTS: WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR LIFESTYLE-RELATED FACTORS, INCLUDING FOLATE INTAKE, THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES WAS SIGNIFICANTLY BUT WEAKLY INCREASED BY 0.43% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP (P FOR TREND = 0.010). ESTIMATED METHYLATION LEVELS STRATIFIED BY CRP QUARTILE WERE 70.0%, 70.8%, 71.4%, AND 71.3%, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, INTERACTION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISM OF MTHFR (RS1801133, KNOWN AS C677T) AND CRP WAS SIGNIFICANT (P FOR INTERACTION = 0.046); THE GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY 0.61% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP IN THE CT/TT GROUP (THOSE WITH THE MINOR ALLELE T, P FOR TREND = 0.001), WHEREAS NO ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED IN THE CC GROUP (WILD TYPE). CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT CRP CONCENTRATION IS WEAKLY ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. HOWEVER, THIS ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED MORE CLEARLY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE MINOR ALLELE OF THE MTHFR MISSENSE SNP RS1801133. BY ELUCIDATING THE COMPLEX MECHANISM OF THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION BY BOTH ACQUIRED AND GENETIC FACTORS, OUR RESULTS MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR CANCER PREVENTION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
13  6718  31 VITAMIN D AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: CAUSALITY. VITAMIN D REGULATES BLOOD PRESSURE, CARDIAC FUNCTIONS, AND ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL FUNCTIONS, THUS, PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH. OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES REPORT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH HYPERTENSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR-RELATED DEATHS. PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS WERE EXAMINED IN SEVERAL RESEARCH DATABASES AS PER THE GUIDELINES OF THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, USING KEY WORDS THAT ADDRESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. CORRELATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS WERE MADE CONSIDERING THE RISKS-BENEFITS, BROADER EVIDENCE, AND IMPLICATIONS. THIS REVIEW ANALYZED CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. 1,25(OH)(2)D AND RELATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUBDUE CELLULAR INFLAMMATION, IMPROVE OVERALL ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTIONS, REDUCE AGE-RELATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND VASCULAR RIGIDITY, AND ATTENUATE THE ACTIONS OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM. MOST OBSERVATIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES SUPPORT 25(OH)VITAMIN D HAVING PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IS BASED PRIMARILY ON OBSERVATIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES AND THUS, IS A MATTER OF CONTROVERSY. ADEQUATELY POWERED, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL DATA ARE NOT AVAILABLE TO CONFIRM THESE ASSOCIATIONS. THUS, TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CORRECTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PROTECTS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, WELL-DESIGNED, STATISTICALLY POWERED, LONGER-TERM CLINICAL TRIALS ARE NEEDED IN PERSONS WITH VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY. NEVERTHELESS, THE AVAILABLE DATA SUPPORT THAT ADEQUATE VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION AND/OR SENSIBLE SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL VITAMIN D STATUS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14   745  57 CANNABIS ALTERS EPIGENETIC INTEGRITY AND ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALLING IN THE HUMAN FOLLICULAR NICHE. STUDY QUESTION: DO PHYTOCANNABINOIDS (PCS) AFFECT FOLLICULAR ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALLING AND THE EPIGENOME IN THE SURROUNDING GRANULOSA CELLS (GCS)? SUMMARY ANSWER: EXPOSURE TO PCS INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF ENDOCANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND REDUCES DNA METHYLATION ENZYME EXPRESSION AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN NAIVE GCS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: CANNABIS PLANT DERIVATIVES, KNOWN AS PCS, ARE USED FOR MEDICINAL AND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES. THE MAIN PC, TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC), IS THE THIRD MOST COMMONLY USED SUBSTANCE BY WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE, HENCE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECT IT HAS ON REPRODUCTION IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE. THC EXERTS ITS EFFECTS VIA RECEPTORS OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM (ECS) AND CAN INTERFERE WITH FOLLICULOGENESIS, OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND OVULATION. ENDOCANNABINOIDS HAVE BEEN MEASURED IN FOLLICULAR FLUID (FF) OBTAINED DURING OOCYTE RETRIEVAL AND ARE IMPLICATED IN CONTROLLING FOLLICULOGENESIS. IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT IN THE PLACENTA, PCS DISRUPT ENDOCANNABINOID HOMEOSTASIS VIA IMPAIRMENT OF THE SYNTHETIC AND DEGRADING ENZYMES, LEADING TO A NET INCREASE OF ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS. FINALLY, PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THC ALTERS METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN SPERM, BRAIN AND BLOOD CELLS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: THIS STUDY INCLUDED AN IN VIVO COHORT ASSESSMENT OF CANNABIS EXPOSURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FOLLICLE AND IN VITRO ASSAYS CONDUCTED TO VALIDATE THE IN VIVO FINDINGS AND TO EXPLORE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ACTION. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: A TOTAL OF 318 FF SAMPLES, FROM 261 PATIENTS UNDERGOING IVF TREATMENT AT A PRIVATE FERTILITY CLINIC WHO CONSENTED FOR BIOBANKING BIOLOGICAL WASTE MATERIAL BETWEEN JANUARY 2018 AND JULY 2019, WERE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. CONCENTRATIONS OF PCS AND ENDOCANNABINOIDS WERE ASSESSED IN FF BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS/MS). EXPOSURE TO PCS WAS DETERMINED BASED ON THESE MEASURED LEVELS. LEVELS OF BOTH ENDOCANNABINOID RECEPTORS (CB1R, CB2R) AND THE DE NOVO DNA METHYLATING ENZYME, DNMT3B, IN GCS WERE ASSESSED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED IN VITRO BY ELISA. IN VIVO EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED BY COMPARING SAMPLES POSITIVE FOR AT LEAST ONE PC, WITH SAMPLES NEGATIVE FOR ALL MEASURED PCS. IN VITRO EFFECTS WERE DETERMINED IN NAIVE GCS, OBTAINED CONCURRENTLY WITH FF SAMPLES THAT HAD TESTED NEGATIVE FOR ALL PCS. THESE GCS WERE TREATED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF THE MAIN THREE PCS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: OVERALL, 17 PATIENTS (6.4%) WERE POSITIVE FOR CANNABIS CONSUMPTION. FURTHERMORE, THE PREVALENCE OF CANNABIS POSITIVITY IN THE FF INCREASED FROM 4% OF THE TESTED SAMPLES THAT WERE COLLECTED PRIOR TO NATIONAL LEGALISATION IN OCTOBER 2018 TO 12% OF THOSE COLLECTED FOLLOWING LEGALISATION. OF NOTE, 59% OF PATIENTS WHO TESTED POSITIVE FOR PCS (10 OF 17) REPORTED PREVIOUS OR ONGOING EXPOSURE TO CANNABIS UPON THEIR INITIAL INTAKE. ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS WERE NOT AFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF PCS. CB2R WAS MORE PREVALENT THAN CB1R IN GCS AND ITS EXPRESSION INCREASED FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC IN VITRO EXPOSURE TO PCS. THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B AND GLOBAL METHYLATION DECREASED FOLLOWING EXPOSURE, SUGGESTING THAT CANNABIS MAY AFFECT THE EPIGENOME IN THE FOLLICULAR NICHE. THE ACUTE CHANGES WERE SUSTAINED THROUGHOUT CHRONIC TREATMENT. LARGE SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: OUR STUDY IS LIMITED BY LACK OF DETAILS REGARDING MODE, FREQUENCY AND TIMING OF PC CONSUMPTION. MOREOVER, WE WERE NOT ABLE TO ADEQUATELY ASSESS THE EFFECT OF PCS ON IMMEDIATE OR LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES, DUE TO THE SMALL SAMPLE SIZE AND THE LACK OF FOLLOW UP. FUTURE, LARGE-SCALE STUDIES SHOULD FOCUS ON ASSESS THE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CANNABIS EXPOSURE, VALIDATE OUR FINDINGS, AND DETERMINE TO WHAT EXTENT CANNABIS AFFECTS THE EPIGENOME OVARIAN FOLLICLE AND THE DEVELOPING OOCYTE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY MEASURING PCS IN FF BY LC-MS/MS. WE SHOW THAT CONSUMING CANNABIS ALTERS THE ECS IN THE DEVELOPING FOLLICLE, AND DIRECTLY AFFECTS DNMT EXPRESSION AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. CANNABIS LEGALISATION AND USE IS INCREASING WORLDWIDE, THEREFORE FURTHER UNDERSTANDING ITS ROLE IN FEMALE FERTILITY AND FOLLICULOGENESIS IS CRITICAL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): ALL FUNDING WAS PROVIDED BY CREATE FERTILITY CENTRE THROUGH THE REINVESTMENT OF CLINICAL EARNINGS. THE AUTHORS DECLARE NO COMPETING INTERESTS.	2021	

15   339  44 ALTERATIONS IN HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM AMONG ALCOHOL DEPENDENT PATIENTS--CLINICAL, PATHOBIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS. ADDICTION RESEARCH FOCUSING ON HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ASPECTS OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE HAS REVEALED IMPORTANT FINDINGS. RECENT LITERATURE ON THIS TOPIC HAS BEEN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR THE REVIEW PROVIDED. METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (MTHFR) IS A KEY ENZYME IN THE HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM. PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS ARE INFLUENCED BY THE SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) MTHFR C677T. BESIDES GENETIC FACTORS, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVE AN IMPACT ON HOMOCYSTEINE PLASMA LEVELS TOO. THUS, CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS. ELEVATION OF PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATION IS CONSIDERED AS A PREDICTOR FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SEIZURES AND--AS HOMOCYSTEINE IS A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR--MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE HIGHER RISK FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG ALCOHOL DEPENDENT PATIENTS. HOMOCYSTEINE ACTS AS AN N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) RECEPTOR AGONIST AND HAS EXCITOTOXIC EFFECTS. FURTHERMORE, IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT HOMOCYSTEINE HAS NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS ESPECIALLY ON DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS. AS THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ARE MEDIATED BY THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM, A HOMOCYSTEINE-DEPENDENT IMPAIRMENT OF THE REWARD SYSTEM POSSIBLY LEADS TO AN ALTERED DRINKING BEHAVIOUR ACCORDING TO THE DEFICIT HYPOTHESIS OF ADDICTION. HOMOCYSTEINE IS INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF METHYL GROUPS AND DNA-METHYLATION PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THEREFORE IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT HOMOCYSTEINE IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC FACTOR. IT REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED WHETHER ALCOHOL DEPENDENT PATIENTS BENEFIT FROM HOMOCYSTEINE LOWERING STRATEGIES, E.G., VIA SUPPLEMENTATION OF FOLATE, VITAMIN B6 AND B12. IN THIS RESPECT IT IS NOT CLEAR YET, IF A SUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY CAN REDUCE THE RISK FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SEIZURES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16  3557  30 IMPACT OF BMI AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE ON EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN BLOOD: AN EWAS IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES HAVE BEEN INCREASING ESPECIALLY IN ASIAN COUNTRIES. OBESITY-RELATED GENETIC VARIANTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, BUT THESE EXPLAIN LITTLE OF THE VARIATION IN BMI. RECENT STUDIES REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND OBESITY, MOSTLY IN NON-ASIAN POPULATIONS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) ON GENERAL ADIPOSITY (BODY MASS INDEX, BMI) AND ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY (WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WC) IN 409 MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS AND REPLICATED BMI AND WAIST-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CPGS IDENTIFIED IN OTHER POPULATIONS. THE CROSS-LAGGED PANEL MODEL AND MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION WERE USED TO ASSESS THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION AND BMI. THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IDENTIFIED CPGS AND INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC MARKERS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. RESULTS: EWAS IDENTIFIED 116 DNA METHYLATION CPGS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND EIGHT INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WC AT FALSE DISCOVERY RATE P(FDR) < 0.05 IN 409 ASIAN SAMPLES. WE REPLICATED 110 BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN EUROPEANS AND IDENTIFIED SIX NOVEL BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS AND TWO NOVEL WC-ASSOCIATED CPGS. WE OBSERVED HIGH CONSISTENCY IN ASSOCIATION DIRECTION OF EFFECT COMPARED TO STUDIES IN OTHER POPULATIONS. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP ANALYSES INDICATED THAT BMI WAS MORE LIKELY TO BE THE CAUSE OF DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION, RATHER THAN THE CONSEQUENCE. THE CAUSAL ANALYSES USING BMI-ASSOCIATED METHYLATION RISK SCORE ALSO SUGGESTED THAT HIGHER LEVELS OF THE INFLAMMATION MARKER IL-6 WERE LIKELY THE CONSEQUENCE OF METHYLATION CHANGE. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIANS AND SUGGESTS THAT OBESITY CAN DRIVE METHYLATION CHANGE. THE RESULTS ALSO SUGGESTED POSSIBLE CAUSAL INFLUENCE THAT OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES MIGHT HAVE ON INFLAMMATION AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  4989  30 PCSK9 IS INCREASED IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER. BACKGROUND: RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ALCOHOL USE AFFECTS THE REGULATION AND EXPRESSION OF PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN 9 (PCSK9). WHILE A MAJOR ROLE OF PCSK9 IN HEPATIC FUNCTION AND LIPID REGULATION HAS BEEN CLEARLY ESTABLISHED, OTHER PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. EXISTING RESEARCH SUGGESTS A POSITIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PCSK9 EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF PCSK9 IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF PCSK9 ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD). IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE WOULD INCREASE PCSK9 EXPRESSION IN CSF. METHODS: PCSK9 LEVELS IN CSF WERE MEASURED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUD (N = 42) ADMITTED TO AN INPATIENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM AND CONTROLS (N = 25). CSF SAMPLES IN AUD WERE ASSESSED AT 2 TIME POINTS, AT DAY 5 AND DAY 21 AFTER ADMISSION. FURTHERMORE, PLASMA SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AND MEASURED FROM THE INDIVIDUALS WITH AUD. RESULTS: PCSK9 IN CSF WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE AUD GROUP AT DAY 5 AND DAY 21 COMPARED TO THE CONTROLS (P < 0.0001). PLASMA PCSK9 LEVELS WERE CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH CSF PCSK9 LEVELS IN AUD (P = 0.0493). CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT PCSK9 IS ELEVATED IN THE CSF OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUD, WHICH MAY INDICATE A POTENTIAL ROLE OF PCSK9 IN AUD. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ARE NECESSARY TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THE FUNCTIONS OF PCSK9 IN THE BRAIN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   474  36 ARSENIC BIOTRANSFORMATION AS A CANCER PROMOTING FACTOR BY INDUCING DNA DAMAGE AND DISRUPTION OF REPAIR MECHANISMS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER POSES A MAJOR GLOBAL HEALTH CONCERN. POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC-CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER SUFFER SERIOUS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, INCLUDING ALARMING CANCER INCIDENCE AND DEATH RATES. ARSENIC IS BIOTRANSFORMED THROUGH SEQUENTIAL ADDITION OF METHYL GROUPS, ACQUIRED FROM S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (SAM). METABOLISM OF ARSENIC GENERATES A VARIETY OF GENOTOXIC AND CYTOTOXIC SPECIES, DAMAGING DNA DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY, THROUGH THE GENERATION OF REACTIVE OXIDATIVE SPECIES AND INDUCTION OF DNA ADDUCTS, STRAND BREAKS AND CROSS LINKS, AND INHIBITION OF THE DNA REPAIR PROCESS ITSELF. SINCE SAM IS THE METHYL GROUP DONOR USED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES TO MAINTAIN NORMAL EPIGENETIC PATTERNS IN ALL HUMAN CELLS, ARSENIC IS ALSO POSTULATED TO AFFECT MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, CHROMATIN STRUCTURE, AND GENOMIC STABILITY. THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING THE CANCER PROMOTING FACTORS OF ARSENIC METABOLISM, RELATED TO DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR, WILL BE DISCUSSED HERE.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  1787  47 EFFECT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON GUT VITAMIN B7 UPTAKE: INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND EFFECT OF ALCOHOL METABOLITES. VITAMIN B7 (BIOTIN) IS ESSENTIAL FOR NORMAL HEALTH AND ITS DEFICIENCY/SUBOPTIMAL LEVELS OCCUR IN A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS INCLUDING CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM. MAMMALS, INCLUDING HUMANS, OBTAIN BIOTIN FROM DIET AND GUT-MICROBIOTA VIA ABSORPTION ALONG THE INTESTINAL TRACT. THE ABSORPTION PROCESS IS CARRIER MEDIATED AND INVOLVES THE SODIUM-DEPENDENT MULTIVITAMIN TRANSPORTER (SMVT; SLC5A6). WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITS INTESTINAL/COLONIC BIOTIN UPTAKE VIA SUPPRESSION OF SLC5A6 TRANSCRIPTION IN ANIMAL AND CELL LINE MODELS. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL/EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT MEDIATE THIS SUPPRESSION. IN ADDITION, THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL METABOLITES (GENERATED VIA ALCOHOL METABOLISM BY GUT MICROBIOTA AND HOST TISSUES) ON BIOTIN UPTAKE IS STILL UNKNOWN. TO ADDRESS THESE QUESTIONS, WE FIRST DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INHIBITS SMALL INTESTINAL AND COLONIC BIOTIN UPTAKE AND SMVT EXPRESSION IN HUMAN DIFFERENTIATED ENTEROID AND COLONOID MONOLAYERS. WE THEN SHOWED THAT CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURES OF BOTH, CACO-2 CELLS AND MICE, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT SUPPRESSION IN EXPRESSION OF THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KLF-4 (NEEDED FOR SLC5A6 PROMOTER ACTIVITY), AS WELL AS WITH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS (HISTONE MODIFICATIONS). WE ALSO FOUND THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF NCM460 HUMAN COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS AS WELL AS HUMAN DIFFERENTIATED COLONOID MONOLAYERS, TO ALCOHOL METABOLITES (ACETALDEHYDE, ETHYL PALMITATE, ETHYL OLEATE) SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED BIOTIN UPTAKE AND SMVT EXPRESSION. THESE FINDINGS SHED LIGHT ONTO THE MOLECULAR/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON INTESTINAL BIOTIN UPTAKE. THEY FURTHER SHOW THAT ALCOHOL METABOLITES ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF INHIBITING BIOTIN UPTAKE IN THE GUT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY USING COMPLEMENTARY MODELS, INCLUDING HUMAN DIFFERENTIATED ENTEROID AND COLONOID MONOLAYERS, THIS STUDY SHOWS THE INVOLVEMENT OF MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MEDIATING THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON BIOTIN UPTAKE ALONG THE INTESTINAL TRACT. THE STUDY ALSO SHOWS THAT ALCOHOL METABOLITES (GENERATED BY GUT MICROBIOTA AND HOST TISSUES) CAUSE INHIBITION IN GUT BIOTIN UPTAKE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20   502  38 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019