1  1848 177 EFFECTS OF VENLAFAXINE ON THE EXPRESSION LEVEL AND METHYLATION STATUS OF GENES INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS EXPOSED TO A CHRONIC MILD STRESS. RECENT HUMAN AND ANIMAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE AETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DEPRESSION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEROTONIN-NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR, VENLAFAXINE, ON THE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4, CAT, NOS1 AND NOS2 IN THE BRAIN AND BLOOD OF RATS EXPOSED TO A CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) MODEL OF DEPRESSION. SEPARATE GROUPS OF ANIMALS WERE EXPOSED TO CMS FOR 2 OR 7 WEEKS; THE SECOND GROUP RECEIVED SALINE OR VENLAFAXINE (10 MG/KG/D, IP) FOR 5 WEEKS. AFTER COMPLETION OF BOTH STRESS CONDITIONS AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF SELECTED GENES AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THEIR PROMOTERS WERE MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS (PBMCS) AND IN BRAIN STRUCTURES (HIPPOCAMPUS, AMYGDALA, HYPOTHALAMUS, MIDBRAIN, CORTEX, BASAL GANGLIA) WITH THE USE OF TAQMAN GENE EXPRESSION ASSAY, WESTERN BLOT AND METHYLATION-SENSITIVE HIGH-RESOLUTION MELTING TECHNIQUES. CMS CAUSED A DECREASE IN SUCROSE CONSUMPTION, AND THIS EFFECT WAS NORMALIZED BY FLUOXETINE. IN PBMCS, SOD1, SOD2 AND NOS2 MRNA EXPRESSION CHANGED ONLY AFTER VENLAFAXINE ADMINISTRATION. IN BRAIN, CAT, GPX1, GPX4 AND NOS1 GENE EXPRESSION CHANGED FOLLOWING CMS OR VENLAFAXINE EXPOSURE, MOST PROMINENTLY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, MIDBRAIN AND BASAL GANGLIA. CMS INCREASED THE METHYLATION OF THE GPX1 PROMOTER IN PBMCS, THE SECOND GPX4 PROMOTER IN MIDBRAIN AND BASAL GANGLIA, AND SOD1 AND SOD2 IN HIPPOCAMPUS. THE CMS ANIMALS TREATED WITH VENLAFAXINE DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER CAT LEVEL IN MIDBRAIN AND CEREBRAL CORTEX. CMS CAUSED AN ELEVATION OF GPX4 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, WHICH WAS LOWERED IN CEREBRAL CORTEX BY VENLAFAXINE. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CMS AND VENLAFAXINE ADMINISTRATION AFFECT THE METHYLATION OF PROMOTERS OF GENES INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS. THEY ALSO INDICATE THAT PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TISSUE DIFFER IN THEIR RESPONSE TO STRESS OR ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENTS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THAT APART FROM DNA METHYLATION, A CRUCIAL ROLE OF EXPRESSION LEVEL OF GENES MAY BE PLAYED BY OTHER FORMS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION, SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATION OR MICRORNA INTERFERENCE. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE STRONG EVIDENCE FOR THESIS THAT ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION AS WELL AS THE STATUS OF PROMOTER METHYLATION CAN HELP IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISMS OF MENTAL DISEASES, INCLUDING DEPRESSION, AND THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DRUGS EFFECTIVE IN THEIR THERAPY.	2020	

2  1003  40 CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX-DEPENDENT ANALGESIC EFFECTS AND MODULATES HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN FEMALE MICE. GENDER AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN PAIN RECOGNITION AND DRUG RESPONSES HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PAIN. AMONG ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CONTRADICTORY RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIS). THIS STUDY EVALUATED SEX DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO THE SSRI FLUOXETINE AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE MOUSE FORMALIN TEST. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE CD1 MICE WERE INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED WITH FLUOXETINE (10 MG/KG) FOR 21 DAYS AND SUBJECTED TO PAIN ASSESSMENT. FLUOXETINE TREATMENT REDUCED THE SECOND PHASE OF THE FORMALIN TEST ONLY IN FEMALE MICE WITHOUT PRODUCING BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN MALES. WE ALSO OBSERVED THAT FLUOXETINE WAS ABLE TO SPECIFICALLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR TYPE-2 (MGLU2) IN FEMALES. ALSO A REDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYME, HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2), IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AND DORSAL HORN (DH) TOGETHER WITH AN INCREASE HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION (H3) LEVEL WAS OBSERVED IN FEMALES BUT NOT IN MALES. WITH THIS STUDY WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX SPECIFIC CHANGES IN HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN THE DH OF THE SPINAL CORD AND IN DRGS AND SUGGESTS A MOLECULAR EXPLANATION FOR THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS IN FEMALE MICE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  3331  43 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  6175  48 THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ALLEVIATES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND NORMALIZES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING CAN CAUSE DEPRESSION, LEADING TO AN INABILITY TO FUNCTION IN DAILY LIFE AND AN INCREASED RISK FOR RELAPSE TO HARMFUL DRINKING. UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-RELATED DEPRESSION MAY LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR TREATMENT. EPIGENETIC FACTORS HAVE RECENTLY EMERGED AS IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO BOTH DEPRESSION AND ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD). SPECIFICALLY, ACETYLATION OF THE N-TERMINAL TAILS OF HISTONE PROTEINS THAT PACKAGE DNA INTO NUCLEOSOMES IS ALTERED IN STRESS-INDUCED MODELS OF DEPRESSION AND DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL AND ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, A BRAIN REGION CRITICAL FOR MOOD REGULATION AND DEPRESSION. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE TREATED WITH THE LIEBER-DECARLI ETHANOL LIQUID DIET FOR 15 DAYS AND THEN UNDERWENT WITHDRAWAL. RATS WERE TREATED WITH THE HDAC INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA), DURING WITHDRAWAL AND WERE TESTED FOR DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR. IN A SEPARATE GROUP OF RATS, THE HIPPOCAMPUS WAS ANALYZED FOR MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HDAC2 AND LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 ACETYLATION (H3K9AC) DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL. RATS UNDERGOING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL EXHIBITED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND HAD INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED H3K9AC LEVELS IN SPECIFIC STRUCTURES OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS. TREATMENT WITH SAHA DURING WITHDRAWAL AMELIORATED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND NORMALIZED CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL HDAC2 AND H3K9AC LEVELS. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL CAUSES AN ALTERED EPIGENETIC STATE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. TREATMENT WITH AN HDAC INHIBITOR CAN CORRECT THIS STATE AND ALLEVIATE DEPRESSION-LIKE SYMPTOMS DEVELOPED DURING WITHDRAWAL. TARGETING HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY BE A NOVEL STRATEGY TO REDUCE ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED DEPRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5  1800  36 EFFECT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY IS OBSERVED FOLLOWING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, AND ATTEMPTS TO ALLEVIATE THIS HYPERALGESIA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CYCLE OF ADDICTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WAS OBSERVED IN A CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE MODEL AND IF THIS PAIN WAS AFFECTED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS, THUS REVEALING AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS RECEIVED LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID CONTROL OR ETHANOL (9% V/V) DIET FOR 15 DAYS. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY HAIR STIMULATION OF THE HINDPAW DURING ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND 24- AND 72-HOUR WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL PRODUCED SEVERE AND SUSTAINED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA, AN EFFECT NOT OBSERVED IN THE CONTROL OR ETHANOL-MAINTAINED GROUPS. FURTHERMORE, THIS HYPERALGESIA WAS ATTENUATED BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: HEIGHTENED PAIN SENSITIVITY WAS OBSERVED FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COULD BE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THIS ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
6  2353  44 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA, DEPENDENCE, AND TOLERANCE IN MICE. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF OPIOIDS SUCH AS MORPHINE INDUCES PERSISTENT BEHAVIORAL CHANGES INCLUDING OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA (OIH), TOLERANCE, AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE. IN THE CURRENT WORK WE EXPLORED HOW THE BALANCE OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) VERSUS HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) MIGHT REGULATE THESE MORPHINE-INDUCED CHANGES. NOCICEPTIVE THRESHOLDS, ANALGESIA, AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE WERE ASSESSED DURING AND FOR A PERIOD OF SEVERAL WEEKS AFTER MORPHINE EXPOSURE. TO PROBE THE ROLES OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, THE HAT INHIBITOR CURCUMIN OR A SELECTIVE HDAC INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) WAS ADMINISTERED DAILY TO GROUPS OF ANIMALS. HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SPINAL CORD WAS ASSESSED BY WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. CONCURRENT ADMINISTRATION OF CURCUMIN WITH MORPHINE FOR 4 DAYS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA, THERMAL HYPERALGESIA, TOLERANCE, AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE. CONVERSELY, THE HDAC INHIBITOR SAHA ENHANCED THESE RESPONSES. INTERESTINGLY, SAHA TREATMENT AFTER THE TERMINATION OF OPIOID ADMINISTRATION SUSTAINED THESE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES FOR AT LEAST 4 WEEKS. HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD WAS INCREASED AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE TREATMENT, BUT H4 ACETYLATION WAS UNCHANGED. MOREOVER, WE OBSERVED A DECREASE IN HDAC ACTIVITY IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF MORPHINE-TREATED MICE WHILE OVERALL HAT ACTIVITY WAS UNCHANGED, SUGGESTING A SHIFT TOWARD A STATE OF ENHANCED HISTONE ACETYLATION. PERSPECTIVE: THE CURRENT STUDY INDICATES THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN OPIOID-INDUCED LONG-LASTING NEUROPLASTICITY. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE NEW SIGHT INTO UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISMS OF OPIOID-INDUCED NEUROPLASTICITY AND SUGGEST NEW STRATEGIES TO LIMIT OPIOID ABUSE POTENTIAL AND INCREASE THE VALUE OF THESE DRUGS AS ANALGESICS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  2300  42 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  3816  35 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF CARTILAGINOUS 11BETA-HSD2 INDUCED BY CORTICOSTERONE AND CAFFEINE MEDIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADULT OSTEOARTHRITIS. OUR PREVIOUS STUDY REPORTED THAT PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE (PCE) COULD INDUCE CHONDRODYSPLASIA AND INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OFFSPRING RATS. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND INITIATING FACTORS REMAIN UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER 11BETA-HSD2, A GLUCOCORTICOID-METABOLIZING ENZYME, IS INVOLVED IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS INDUCED BY PCE AND TO FURTHER EXPLORE ITS POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND INITIATING FACTORS. FIRSTLY, WE FOUND THAT PCE REDUCED CARTILAGE MATRIX SYNTHESIS (AGGRECAN/COL2A1 EXPRESSION) IN MALE ADULT OFFSPRING RATS AND EXHIBITED AN OSTEOARTHRITIS PHENOTYPE FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENTLY REDUCED H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS AT THE PROMOTER OF 11BETA-HSD2 AS WELL AS ITS EXPRESSION IN THE CARTILAGE FROM FETUS TO ADULTHOOD. THE EXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2, AGGRECAN AND COL2A1 WERE ALL DECREASED BY CORTICOSTERONE IN THE FETAL CHONDROCYTES, WHILE OVEREXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2 COULD PARTIALLY ALLEVIATE THE DECREASE OF MATRIX SYNTHESIS INDUCED BY CORTICOSTERONE IN VITRO. FURTHERMORE, THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) ACTIVATED BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS DIRECTLY BONDED TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF 11BETA-HSD2 TO INHIBIT ITS EXPRESSION. MEANWHILE, THE ACTIVATED GR REDUCED THE H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2 BY RECRUITING HDAC4 AND PROMOTING GR-HDAC4 PROTEIN INTERACTION TO INHIBIT THE 11BETA-HSD2 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CAFFEINE COULD REDUCE THE EXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2 BY INHIBITING THE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING PATHWAY BUT WITHOUT REDUCING THE H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2, THEREBY SYNERGISTICALLY ENHANCING THE CORTICOSTERONE EFFECT. IN CONCLUSION, THE PERSISTENTLY REDUCED H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2 FROM FETUS TO ADULTHOOD MEDIATED THE INHIBITION OF CARTILAGE MATRIX SYNTHESIS AND THE INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. THIS EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING CHANGE IN UTERO WAS INDUCED BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS WITH SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CAFFEINE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
9  3832  34 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  4173  43 MELATONIN INDUCES HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION IN THE RAT BRAIN. WE HAVE REPORTED THAT MELATONIN INDUCES HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION IN MOUSE NEURAL STEM CELLS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ROLE FOR THIS PLEIOTROPIC HORMONE. TO SUPPORT SUCH A ROLE, IT IS NECESSARY TO DEMONSTRATE THAT MELATONIN PRODUCES SIMILAR EFFECTS IN VIVO. HISTONE ACETYLATION, FOLLOWING CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MELATONIN (4MUG/ML IN DRINKING WATER FOR 17 DAYS), WAS EXAMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING IN SELECTED RAT BRAIN REGIONS. MELATONIN INDUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN HISTONE H3 AND HISTONE H4 ACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. HISTONE H4 WAS ALSO HYPERACETYLATED IN THE STRIATUM, BUT THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THIS BRAIN REGION. NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE ACETYLATION OF EITHER HISTONE H3 OR H4 WERE OBSERVED IN THE MIDBRAIN AND CEREBELLUM. AN EXAMINATION OF KINASE ACTIVATION, WHICH MAY BE RELATED TO THESE CHANGES, REVEALED THAT MELATONIN TREATMENT INCREASED THE LEVELS OF PHOSPHO-ERK (EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND STRIATUM, BUT PHOSPHO-AKT (PROTEIN KINASE B) LEVELS WERE UNCHANGED. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT CHROMATIN REMODELING AND ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION UNDERLIE THE MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MELATONIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  6582  44 TRICHOSTATIN A, A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, ALLEVIATES THE EMOTIONAL ABNORMALITY INDUCED BY MALADAPTATION TO STRESS IN MICE. RECENT REPORTS HAVE IMPLIED THAT ABERRANT BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN ARE FREQUENTLY ACCOMPANIED BY SUBTLE SHIFTS IN THE CELLULAR EPIGENETIC PROFILE THAT MIGHT UNDERLIE THE PATHOGENIC PROGRESSION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA), A HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR, ON THE EMOTIONAL ABNORMALITY INDUCED BY MALADAPTATION TO STRESS IN MICE. MICE WERE EXPOSED TO REPEATED RESTRAINT STRESS FOR 240 MIN/DAY FOR 14 DAYS. WE APPLIED DOSING SCHEDULES. IN ONE SCHEDULE, FROM THE 3RD DAY OF STRESS EXPOSURE, MICE WERE TREATED WITH TSA (1650 MUM/4 MUL, I.C.V.) IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE DAILY EXPOSURE TO RESTRAINT STRESS. IN THE OTHER SCHEDULE, FROM THE 1ST DAY OF STRESS EXPOSURE, MICE WERE TREATED WITH TSA 2 H BEFORE EXPOSURE TO RESTRAINT STRESS. AFTER THE FINAL EXPOSURE TO RESTRAINT STRESS, THE EMOTIONALITY OF MICE WAS EVALUATED USING THE HOLE-BOARD TEST. MICE THAT WERE EXPOSED TO RESTRAINT STRESS FOR 240 MIN/DAY FOR 14 DAYS SHOWED A DECREASE IN HEAD-DIPPING BEHAVIOR. THIS DECREASED EMOTIONALITY OBSERVED IN STRESS-MALADAPTIVE MICE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY RECOVERED BY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH TSA 2 H BEFORE DAILY EXPOSURE TO RESTRAINT STRESS, WHICH CONFIRMED THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS ADAPTATION. ON THE OTHER HAND, NO SUCH STRESS ADAPTATION WAS OBSERVED UNDER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH TSA IMMEDIATELY AFTER DAILY STRESS EXPOSURE. A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY SHOWED THAT TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE, THE RATE-LIMITING ENZYME IN SEROTONIN (5-HT) SYNTHESIS, WAS INCREASED IN MIDBRAIN CONTAINING RAPHE NUCLEI OBTAINED FROM STRESS-ADAPTED MICE THAT WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH TSA 2 H BEFORE DAILY STRESS EXPOSURE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN HDAC INHIBITOR MAY HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON STRESS ADAPTATION BY AFFECTING 5-HT NEURAL FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN AND ALLEVIATE THE EMOTIONAL ABNORMALITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXCESSIVE STRESS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12  3372  50 HISTONE MODIFICATIONS OF THE CRHR1 GENE IN A RAT MODEL OF DEPRESSION FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS. MULTIPLE LINES OF EVIDENCE SUGGEST A LINK BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND CHANGES IN HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA)-AXIS HORMONE DYNAMICS, INCLUDING ALTERED REGULATION OF THE CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) AND ITS MAIN RECEPTOR, CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTOR 1 (CRHR1). HOWEVER, THE PRECISE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING DEPRESSION REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EMPLOYED A MODEL OF DEPRESSION IN RATS BY SUBJECTING ANIMALS TO 21 DAYS OF CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS). REAL-TIME PCR AND WESTERN BLOTTING WERE USED TO STUDY THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF CRHR1 IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS. IN ADDITION, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE USED TO DETECT HISTONE METHYLATION AT THE CRHR1 GENE PROMOTER; THE LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 TRIMETHYLATION AT LYSINES 4 (H3K4) AND 9 (H3K9) REFLECT ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION, RESPECTIVELY. RATS EXPOSED TO CUMS EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN LOCOMOTION AND SUCROSE PREFERENCE. THESE BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF CRHR1 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF RATS IN THE CUMS GROUP. WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE LEVELS OF H3K9 TRIMETHYLATION AT THE CRHR1 GENE PROMOTER IN THE CUMS GROUP WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THOSE IN THE CONTROL GROUP, WHEREAS H3K4 TRIMETHYLATION LEVELS WERE THE SAME FOR BOTH GROUPS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE INCREASE IN CRHR1 EXPRESSION IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF STRESSED RATS CORRELATES WITH A DECREASE IN THE REPRESSIVE CHROMATIN STATE CAUSED BY REDUCED H3K9 TRIMETHYLATION LEVELS. THESE DATA ARE THE FIRST IN VIVO EVIDENCE OF A ROLE FOR CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS IN THE REGULATION OF CRHR1 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS, AND MAY PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO TREAT DEPRESSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  1831  48 EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SEPARATION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR EXON I PROMOTER IN THE ADULT RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. AIM: EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THROUGH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND IS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTION. WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT RATS SUBJECTED TO MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) DURING EARLY LIFE AND TREATED WITH AN ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG AS ADULTS. METHODS: RAT PUPS WERE SUBJECTED TO MS FROM POSTNATAL DAY 1 TO 21 AND RECEIVED CHRONIC ESCITALOPRAM (ESC) AS ADULTS. WE ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF MS AND ESC ON BDNF EXON I AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) MRNA LEVELS (QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), ACETYLATED HISTONE H3, AND MECP2 BINDING TO THE BDNF PROMOTER I (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), AND BDNF PROTEIN LEVELS (ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY). RESULTS: THE LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION, AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA WERE ALTERED IN THE MS GROUP COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. SIGNIFICANT DECREASES WERE OBSERVED IN THE BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MS + ESC AND MS GROUPS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN MECP2 AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MS INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER AND THESE CHANGES WERE PREVENTED BY ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG TREATMENT DURING ADULTHOOD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14  4913  44 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  2705  40 EXERCISE AND LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION MODULATE LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY AND THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF ACCOMPANIED BY CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. AEROBIC EXERCISE IS KNOWN TO INCREASE EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND TO IMPROVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION. THE INHIBITION OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES ENHANCES HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY AS WELL AS LEARNING AND MEMORY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION AND EXERCISE ON BEHAVIOR TESTS (COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY), EXPRESSION OF BDNF AND EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS INCLUDING THE ACTIVITY LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. ICR MICE WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: THOSE WHO DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN EXERCISE AND THOSE WHO PARTICIPATED IN EXERCISE. EACH GROUP WAS SUBDIVIDED INTO TWO OTHER GROUPS: THE ONE WHO RECEIVED VEHICLE AND THE ONE WHO RECEIVED GABA(A) RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, BICUCULLIN. WE ADMINISTERED SALINE OR BICUCULLINE INTRAPERITONEALLY TO THE MICE AT A NON-EPILEPTIC DOSE OF 0.25 MG/KG, WHEREAS THE MICE WERE EXERCISED ON A TREADMILL FOR APPROXIMATELY 1 H A DAY, 5 DAYS A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS. NOVEL-OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY WERE ASSESSED AT A REST DAY APPROXIMATELY 4 DAYS BEFORE THE EUTHANASIA. THE MICE WERE EUTHANIZED 4 H AFTER THE LAST EXERCISE SESSION. AEROBIC EXERCISE FOR 4 WEEKS INCREASED MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, ACCOMPANIED BY ENHANCED HAT ACTIVITY. ALTERNATIVELY, BICUCULLINE ADMINISTRATION INCREASED HDAC ACTIVITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. FURTHERMORE, EXERCISE IN THE PRESENCE OF BICUCULLINE ADMINISTRATION INCREASED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY, INDICATING THAT EXERCISE COMBINED WITH LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION POTENTIATED THE ACTIVITY OF THE MICE. ALTOGETHER, THE PRESENT STUDY SUGGESTED THAT EXERCISE BENEFICIALLY CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPROTECTION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS ACCOMPANIED BY THE UP-REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION, WHEREAS THE CHRONIC INHIBITION OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR POTENTIATES EXERCISE-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  1320  45 DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS IS IMPLICATED IN OPIOID-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RATS. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE MAY RESULT IN OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (OIH), WHICH INVOLVES ALTERED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS GENES, INCLUDING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS. YET, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW BDNF EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF CERTAIN BDNF GENE PROMOTERS IN DRG NEURONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH. REAL-TIME RT-PCR WAS USED TO ASSESS CHANGES IN THE MRNA TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF MAJOR BDNF EXONS INCLUDING EXON I, II, IV, VI, AS WELL AS TOTAL BDNF MRNA IN DRGS FROM RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION. THE LEVELS OF EXON IV AND TOTAL BDNF MRNA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED BY REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, AS COMPARED TO THAT IN SALINE CONTROL GROUP. FURTHER, ELISA ARRAY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY REVEALED A ROBUST UPREGULATION OF BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. CORRESPONDINGLY, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF BDNF EXON IV PROMOTER SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION BY MORPHINE TREATMENT. IMPORTANTLY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF A BDNF ANTIBODY, BUT NOT CONTROL IGG, SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT DEVELOPED IN RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. CONVERSELY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF DNA METHYLATION, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA-DC) MARKEDLY UPREGULATED THE BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AND ENHANCED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE PROMOTER MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  6456  35 THYMOSIN BETA4 PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS IN ETHANOL- AND LPS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE. THYMOSIN BETA 4 (TBETA4), AN ACTIN-SEQUESTERING PROTEIN, IS INVOLVED IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION. IT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN SEVERAL TISSUES. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TBETA4 IN CHRONIC ETHANOL- AND ACUTE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- (LPS-) INDUCED MOUSE LIVER INJURY. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED 5% ETHANOL IN LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS PLUS BINGE ETHANOL (5 G/KG, GAVAGE) WITH OR WITHOUT LPS (2 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) FOR 6 HOURS. TBETA4 (1 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 1 WEEK. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TBETA4 PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN LIVER INJURY MARKERS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN LIVER PATHOLOGY. IT ALSO PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DECREASING ROS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION AND INCREASING THE ANTIOXIDANTS, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE AND MANGANESE-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. IT ALSO PREVENTED THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B BY BLOCKING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INHIBITORY PROTEIN, IKAPPAB, THEREBY PREVENTED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. MOREOVER, TBETA4 PREVENTED FIBROGENESIS BY SUPPRESSING THE EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR, METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2, THAT COORDINATELY REVERSED THE EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND DOWNREGULATED FIBROGENIC GENES, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN, COLLAGEN 1, AND FIBRONECTIN, RESULTING IN REDUCED FIBROSIS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT TBETA4 HAS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIFIBROTIC POTENTIAL DURING ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
18  1999  36 EPIGENETIC AND NEURONAL ACTIVITY MARKERS SUGGEST THE RECRUITMENT OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE THREE-HIT MODEL OF DEPRESSION IN MALE PACAP HETEROZYGOUS MICE. DEPRESSION AND ITS INCREASING PREVALENCE CHALLENGE PATIENTS, THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, AND THE ECONOMY. WE RECENTLY CREATED A MOUSE MODEL BASED ON THE THREE-HIT CONCEPT OF DEPRESSION. AS GENETIC PREDISPOSITION (FIRST HIT), WE APPLIED PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE HETEROZYGOUS MICE ON CD1 BACKGROUND. MATERNAL DEPRIVATION MODELED THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR (SECOND HIT), AND THE CHRONIC VARIABLE MILD STRESS WAS THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (THIRD HIT). FLUOXETINE TREATMENT WAS APPLIED TO TEST THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF OUR MODEL. WE AIMED TO EXAMINE THE DYNAMICS OF THE EPIGENETIC MARKER ACETYL-LYSINE 9 H3 HISTONE (H3K9AC) AND THE NEURONAL ACTIVITY MARKER FOSB IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS. FLUOXETINE DECREASED H3K9AC IN PFC IN NON-DEPRIVED ANIMALS, BUT A HISTORY OF MATERNAL DEPRIVATION ABOLISHED THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND SSRI TREATMENT ON H3K9AC IMMUNOREACTIVITY. IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, STRESS DECREASED, WHILE SSRI INCREASED H3K9AC IMMUNOSIGNAL, UNLIKE IN THE DEPRIVED MICE, WHERE THE OPPOSITE EFFECT WAS DETECTED. FOSB IN STRESS WAS STIMULATED BY FLUOXETINE IN THE PFC, WHILE IT WAS INHIBITED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. THE FOSB IMMUNOREACTIVITY WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY ABOLISHED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE DEPRIVED MICE. THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT FOSB AND H3K9AC WERE MODULATED IN A TERRITORY-SPECIFIC MANNER BY EARLY LIFE ADVERSITIES AND LATER LIFE STRESS INTERACTING WITH THE EFFECT OF FLUOXETINE THERAPY SUPPORTING THE RELIABILITY OF OUR MODEL.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  2120  40 EPIGENETIC HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN A CLINICALLY RELEVANT RAT MODEL OF CHRONIC ETHANOL-BINGE-MEDIATED LIVER INJURY. PURPOSE: ETHANOL BINGE AUGMENTS LIVER INJURY AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN HUMANS, BUT THE MECHANISM BEHIND THE ENHANCED LIVER INJURY BY ETHANOL BINGE IS NOT KNOWN. IN THIS STUDY WE USED A CLINICALLY RELEVANT RAT MODEL IN WHICH LIVER INJURY IS AMPLIFIED BY BINGE AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL TREATMENT AND INVESTIGATED THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. METHODS: EIGHT-WEEK-OLD SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE FED ETHANOL IN A LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS. CONTROL RATS WERE FED AN ISOCALORIC LIQUID DIET. THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY THREE BINGE ADMINISTRATIONS OF ETHANOL (INTRAGASTRIC 5 G/KG BODY WEIGHT, 12 H APART). IN THE CONTROL, ETHANOL WAS REPLACED BY WATER. FOUR HOURS AFTER THE LAST BINGE ADMINISTRATION, LIVER SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND PARAMETERS OF LIVER INJURY. RESULTS: CHRONIC ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION ALONE CAUSED AN INCREASE IN HISTONE H3 SER10 AND SER28 (H3S10 OR S28) PHOSPHORYLATION, AND BINGE ETHANOL REDUCED THEIR LEVELS. LEVELS OF DUALLY MODIFIED PHOSPHOACETYLATED HISTONE H3 (H3ACK9/PS10) INCREASED AFTER ACUTE BINGE ETHANOL AND REMAINED SAME AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE. IN CONTRAST, HISTONE H3 LYSINE-9 ACETYLATION (H3ACK9) WAS NOT INCREASED AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL BUT INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY AFTER ACUTE BINGE AND CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE. INCREASE IN HISTONE ACETYLATION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED PHOSPHO-ERK1/2 IN THE NUCLEAR EXTRACTS. INCREASED ACETYLATION AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE WAS ALSO ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED PROTEIN LEVELS OF GCN5 HISTONE ACETYL TRANSFERASE AND A MODEST INCREASE IN HDAC3 IN THE NUCLEUS. HISTONE LYSINE-9 DIMETHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE. CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE ALSO RESULTED IN A DECREASE IN THE SAM:SAH RATIO WITH A RELATIVE DECREASE OF SAM LEVELS AND A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN SAH LEVELS. CONCLUSIONS: ETHANOL BINGE AFTER CHRONIC ETHANOL ALTERED THE PROFILE OF SITE-SPECIFIC HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND MAY UNDERLIE THE MECHANISM OF AUGMENTED LIVER INJURY BY CHRONIC-ETHANOL-BINGE-TREATED RATS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20  3721  46 INHIBITION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE SPINAL CORD ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. BACKGROUND: SEVERAL CLASSES OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE EXPRESSED IN THE SPINAL CORD THAT IS A CRITICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAY. HDAC-REGULATED HISTONE ACETYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LEADING TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PATHOLOGICAL PAIN, WE HAVE STUDIED THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HDACS IN THE SPINAL CORD ON INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA). RESULTS: WE INTRATHECALLY APPLIED INHIBITORS SPECIFIC TO DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HDACS AND EVALUATED THEIR IMPACT ON INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. PRE-INJECTED INHIBITORS TARGETING CLASS I AS WELL AS II (SAHA, TSA, LAQ824) OR IIA (VPA, 4-PB) HDACS SIGNIFICANTLY DELAYED THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY UNILATERAL CFA INJECTION IN THE HINDPAW. EXISTING HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY CFA WAS ALSO ATTENUATED BY THE HDAC INHIBITORS (HDACIS). IN CONTRAST, THESE INHIBITORS DID NOT INTERFERE WITH THE THERMAL RESPONSE EITHER IN NAIVE ANIMALS, OR ON THE CONTRALATERAL SIDE OF INFLAMED ANIMALS. INTERESTINGLY, MS-275 THAT SPECIFICALLY INHIBITS CLASS I HDACS FAILED TO ALTER THE HYPERALGESIA ALTHOUGH IT INCREASED HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORD AS SAHA DID. USING IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS, WE FURTHER FOUND THAT THE LEVELS OF CLASS IIA HDAC MEMBERS (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE UPREGULATED FOLLOWING CFA INJECTION WHILE THOSE OF CLASS I HDAC MEMBERS (HDAC1, 2, 3) REMAINED STABLE OR WERE SLIGHTLY REDUCED. CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT ACTIVITY OF CLASS II HDACS IN THE SPINAL CORD IS CRITICAL TO THE INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY CFA, WHILE ACTIVITY OF CLASS I HDACS MAY BE UNNECESSARY. COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF HDACIS SPECIFIC TO CLASS II AND IIA AS WELL AS THE EXPRESSION PATTERN OF DIFFERENT HDACS IN THE SPINAL CORD IN RESPONSE TO CFA SUGGESTS THAT THE MEMBERS OF CLASS IIA HDACS MAY BE POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR ATTENUATING PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2010