1  6483 116 TOXIC STRESS, EPIGENETICS AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT. OBJECTIVES: TO DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF TOXIC STRESS, PRESENT THE BASICS OF EPIGENETICS AND DISCUSS THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DATA SOURCE: NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW THROUGH A SEARCH IN THE SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE DATABASES USING THE TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE OR EARLY LIFE STRESS, EPIGENOMIC OR EPIGENETIC, CHILD DEVELOPMENT OR INFANT DEVELOPMENT. DATA SYNTHESIS: CONTINUING STRESS RESPONSE, KNOWN AS TOXIC STRESS, CAN OCCUR WHEN A CHILD EXPERIENCES INTENSE, FREQUENT, AND/OR PROLONGED ADVERSITY-SUCH AS PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL ABUSE, CHRONIC NEGLECT, FOR EXAMPLE-WITHOUT ADEQUATE ADULT SUPPORT. THIS TOXIC STRESS CAN HAVE HARMFUL EFFECTS ON LEARNING, BEHAVIOR, AND HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE. EPIGENETICS, AN EMERGING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AREA?, SHOWS HOW ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AFFECT GENE EXPRESSIONS AND EXPLAINS HOW EARLY EXPERIENCES CAN IMPACT THROUGHOUT LIFE. CONCLUSIONS: TOXIC STRESS CAUSES CHANGES IN THE HUMAN BODY RESPONSE SYSTEMS THAT CAN BE EXPLAINED IN PART BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH CAN BE TEMPORARY OR LONG-LASTING. PEDIATRICIANS MUST BE AWARE OF THESE MECHANISMS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES, SEEKING TO PREVENT THEM AND THUS PROMOTE THE HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN, CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR FULL DEVELOPMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  1151  39 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  4067  32 MATERNAL AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH AND DISEASE: INTEGRATING BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS AND EPIGENETICS. THE CONCEPTS OF ALLOSTASIS (STABILITY THROUGH ADAPTATION) AND ACCUMULATED LIFE STRESS (MCEWEN'S ALLOSTATIC LOAD) AIM TO UNDERSTAND CHILDHOOD AND ADULT OUTCOMES. CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CHANGES IN SOCIAL CONDITION, AND ADVERSE EARLY-LIFE EXPERIENCES MAY PROGRAM PHENOTYPES AND CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-LASTING DISEASE RISK. HOWEVER, INTEGRATION OF LIFE COURSE APPROACHES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXTS, AND COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS HAS NOT GENERALLY BEEN EXPLORED. THIS REVIEW CRITICALLY EXAMINES THE LITERATURE AND EVALUATES RECENT INSIGHTS INTO HOW ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CAN ALTER LIFELONG HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSIVENESS AND INDUCE METABOLIC AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MALADAPTATION. MODELS OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS OVERLAP BUT MAY CONSIDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. CONCEPTS INCLUDE ALLOSTASIS, WHICH INCORPORATES HORMONAL RESPONSES TO PREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, AND GERONIMUS'S "WEATHERING," WHICH AIMS TO EXPLAIN HOW SOCIALLY STRUCTURED, REPEATED STRESS CAN ACCUMULATE AND INCREASE DISEASE VULNERABILITY. WEATHERING EMPHASIZES ROLES OF INTERNALIZED/INTERPERSONAL RACISM IN OUTCOMES DISPARITIES. FOR MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS AND MEXICAN AMERICANS, THE "ACCULTURATION" FRAMEWORK HAS PROVEN ESPECIALLY USEFUL TO EXPLORE DISPARITIES, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC RISKS IN CHILDHOOD. COMPLEXITIES OF STRESS ASSESSMENTS AND RECENT RESEARCH INTO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MEDIATING EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL, NUTRITIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL STRESS ARE REVIEWED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  1403  23 DIETARY APPROACHES TO WOMEN'S SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. OVER THE COURSE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE LIFE SPAN, IT IS COMMON FOR WOMEN TO EXPERIENCE ONE OR MORE OF THE MOST COMMON GYNECOLOGIC CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, FIBROIDS, ENDOMETRIOSIS, AND INFERTILITY. ALTHOUGH CURRENT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES OFTEN TURN TO THE ESTABLISHED PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES FOR EACH OF THESE DIAGNOSES, THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ALSO SUPPORTS AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH ROOTED IN THE PARADIGM OF FOOD AS MEDICINE. ACHIEVING HEALTHY DIETARY PATTERNS IS A CORE GOAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE, AND A PLANT-FORWARD APPROACH AKIN TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET HOLDS GREAT PROMISE FOR IMPROVING MANY CHRONIC GYNECOLOGIC DISEASES. FURTHERMORE, CREATING AN OPTIMAL PRECONCEPTION ENVIRONMENT FROM A NUTRITIONAL STANDPOINT MAY FACILITATE EPIGENETIC SIGNALING, THUS IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF FUTURE GENERATIONS. THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW EXPLORES THE LITERATURE CONNECTING DIET WITH SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  6478  35 TOPICAL REVIEW: THE EMERGING FIELD OF EPIGENETICS: INFORMING MODELS OF PEDIATRIC TRAUMA AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. OBJECTIVE: TRAUMA EXPERIENCED DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A NUMBER OF CHRONIC MEDICAL CONCERNS. WE HIGHLIGHT MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THE PEDIATRIC TRAUMA LITERATURE TO PROVIDE A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THIS ASSOCIATION. METHODS: STUDIES EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA WERE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED AND SYNTHESIZED INTO A MODEL PROPOSING A CENTRAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETICS IN THE WAYS THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES CAN AFFECT HEALTH. RESULTS: EARLY HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS RESPONSE MAY IMPACT INITIAL TRAUMA EXPERIENCE, WITH DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON POSTTRAUMA ADJUSTMENT REFLECTED IN POSTTRAUMA NEUROBIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS NEEDED TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ON THE COURSE OF HPA AND IMMUNE PROCESSES AS RELATED TO POSTTRAUMA PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  5224  34 PRIORITIZED RESEARCH FOR THE PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND REVERSAL OF CHRONIC DISEASE: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT. DECLINING LIFE EXPECTANCY AND INCREASING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS, SOCIOECOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND PREVENTABLE DISEASE. A GROWING BODY OF BASIC SCIENCE, CLINICAL RESEARCH, AND POPULATION HEALTH EVIDENCE POINTS TO THE BENEFITS OF HEALTHY BEHAVIORS, ENVIRONMENTS AND POLICIES TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND PREVENT, TREAT, AND REVERSE THE ROOT CAUSES OF COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES. SIMILARLY, INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, STANDARDS OF EVIDENCE, EMERGENCE OF UNIQUE STUDY COHORTS, AND BREAKTHROUGHS IN DATA ANALYTICS AND MODELING CREATE NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCING BIOMEDICAL KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL TRANSLATION. TO UNDERSTAND THESE ADVANCES AND INFORM FUTURE DIRECTIONS RESEARCH, THE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE RESEARCH SUMMIT WAS CONVENED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ON DECEMBER 4-5, 2019. THE SUMMIT'S GOAL WAS TO REVIEW CURRENT STATUS AND DEFINE RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN THE SIX CORE AREAS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE: PLANT-PREDOMINANT NUTRITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, STRESS, ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS, AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY/SOCIAL CONNECTION. FORTY INVITED SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS (1) REVIEWED EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND GAPS RELATING LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS TO COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES, MANY CANCERS, INFLAMMATORY- AND IMMUNE-RELATED DISORDERS AND OTHER CONDITIONS; AND (2) DISCUSSED THE POTENTIAL FOR APPLYING CUTTING-EDGE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, EPIGENETIC AND EMERGING SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGIES, RESEARCH DESIGNS, AND STUDY COHORTS TO ACCELERATE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ACROSS ALL SIX DOMAINS OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. NOTABLY, FEDERAL HEALTH AGENCIES, SUCH AS THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HAVE BEGUN TO ADOPT "WHOLE-PERSON HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE" MODELS THAT ADDRESS THESE LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ROOT CAUSES OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, AND COST. RECOMMENDATIONS STRONGLY SUPPORT LEVERAGING EMERGING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN ORDER TO ACCELERATE EFFECTIVE CLINICAL AND POPULATION SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND REDUCE SOCIETAL COSTS. NEW AND ALTERNATIVE HIERARCHIES OF EVIDENCE ARE ALSO BE NEEDED IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE AND DEVELOP EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES ON LIFESTYLE MEDICINE. CHILDREN AND UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AS PRIORITIZED GROUPS TO STUDY. THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, WHICH DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTS PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC DISEASES THAT ARE AMENABLE TO EFFECTIVE LIFESTYLE MEDICINE INTERVENTIONS, MAKES THE SUMMIT'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH PARTICULARLY TIMELY AND RELEVANT.	2020	

7   108  25 A REVIEW OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN IN PESTICIDE-INDUCED TOXICITY. PESTICIDES ARE AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT CHEMICALS USED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR. HOWEVER, THEIR EXTENSIVE USE HAS POLLUTED THE ENVIRONMENT AND INCREASED HUMAN VULNERABILITY TO VARIOUS CHRONIC DISEASES. PESTICIDE EXPOSURE CAUSES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. AREAS COVERED: THIS REVIEW IS BASED ON THE LITERATURE STUDIES CURRENTLY REPORTED ON PESTICIDE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MELATONIN. SCIENTIFIC DATABASES SUCH AS PUBMED, SCOPUS AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED USING KEYWORDS 'PESTICIDE' AND 'MELATONIN' UP TO JANUARY 2016. FULL LENGTH ARTICLES RELATED TO ANIMAL AND HUMAN EXPOSURE WERE RETRIEVED. A TOTAL NUMBER OF 181 RECORDS WERE OBTAINED, AND AFTER EXCLUDING THE DUPLICATES, 97 PAPERS WERE FURTHER SCREENED ON THE BASIS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TOPIC. EXPERT OPINION: MELATONIN AS A BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIOXIDANT IS ABLE TO PENETRATE CELLULAR COMPARTMENTS SPECIFICALLY THE MITOCHONDRIA. IT IS A POTENT FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER WITH LOW TOXICITY AND DESIRABLE SOLUBILITY IN ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS PHASES. WE ARE OF THE OPINION THAT MELATONIN IS A PROMISING AGENT IN MINIMIZING ORGAN INJURIES INDUCED BY PESTICIDES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
8  6329  37 THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. THIS REVIEW WILL DISCUSS THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. RELEVANT STUDIES WERE IDENTIFIED VIA MEDLINE (PUBMED) AND PSYCINFO DATABASES PUBLISHED UP TO AND INCLUDING JULY 2015. THIS REVIEW CONTRIBUTES TO A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY LIFE STRESS, AS WELL AS SETTING CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN A BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DISCUSSING NOVEL LONG-TERM PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EVENTS ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN ADDITION TO A MORE SEVERE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OVER TIME (PRIMARILY AN EARLIER AGE AT ONSET AND AN INCREASED RISK OF SUICIDE ATTEMPT AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE). CHILDHOOD TRAUMA LEADS TO ALTERATIONS OF AFFECT REGULATION, IMPULSE CONTROL, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING THAT MIGHT DECREASE THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH LATER STRESSORS. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA INTERACTS WITH SEVERAL GENES BELONGING TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS [HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, SEROTONERGIC TRANSMISSION, NEUROPLASTICITY, IMMUNITY, CALCIUM SIGNALING, AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS] TO DECREASE THE AGE AT THE ONSET OF THE DISORDER OR INCREASE THE RISK OF SUICIDE. EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDER. BIOLOGICAL SEQUELAE SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, OR TELOMERE SHORTENING ARE POTENTIAL MEDIATORS OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS, IN PARTICULAR WITH REGARD TO PHYSICAL HEALTH. THE MAIN CLINICAL IMPLICATION IS TO SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESS CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDERS, OR AT LEAST IN THOSE WITH A SEVERE OR INSTABLE COURSE. THE CHALLENGE FOR THE NEXT YEARS WILL BE TO FILL THE GAP BETWEEN CLINICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND ROUTINE PRACTICE, SINCE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGING THIS SPECIFIC POPULATION ARE LACKING. IN PARTICULAR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON WHICH PSYCHOTHERAPIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED OR WHICH TARGETS THERAPISTS SHOULD FOCUS ON, AS WELL AS HOW CHILDHOOD TRAUMA COULD EXPLAIN THE RESISTANCE TO MOOD STABILIZERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9  3630  33 INCLUSION OF SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH TO ADVANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) CONSIDER SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH DISPARITIES IN PATIENTS AND POPULATIONS. THE MOST COMMON HEALTH-RELATED SDOH EXPOSURES ARE FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY, FINANCIAL INSTABILITY, TRANSPORTATION NEEDS, LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS. THESE DOMAINS DESCRIBE RISKS THAT CAN IMPACT HEALTH OUTCOMES MORE THAN HEALTH CARE. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT SDOH FACTORS REPRESENT EXPOSURES THAT PREDICT HARM AND IMPACT THE HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL GUIDELINES URGE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TO ADDRESS SDOH IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS INTO BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, HOWEVER, IS LAGGING. HEREIN, WE CONSIDER A PRECISION HEALTH FRAMEWORK TO DESCRIBE HOW SDOH CONTRIBUTES TO THE EXPOSOME AND EXACERBATES PHYSIOLOGIC PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASE. SDOH FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF STRESSORS THAT IMPACT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THROUGH EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND REDOX REGULATION. MANY SDOH EXPOSURES MAY ADD TO OR POTENTIATE THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. THIS OVERVIEW AIMS TO INFORM BASIC LIFE SCIENCE AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHERS ABOUT SDOH EXPOSURES THAT CAN CONFOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLASSIC BIOMEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. TO ADVANCE THE STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY THROUGH EITHER QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURES TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, A MORE COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SHOULD INCLUDE SDOH EXPOSURES. WE DISCUSS COMMON APPROACHES TO MEASURE SDOH FACTORS AT INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION LEVELS AND REVIEW THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SDOH RISK FACTORS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS THAT INFLUENCE CHRONIC DISEASE. WE PROVIDE CLINICAL AND POLICY-BASED MOTIVATION TO ENCOURAGE RESEARCHERS TO CONSIDER THE IMPACT OF SDOH EXPOSURES ON STUDY RESULTS AND DATA INTERPRETATION. WITH VALID MEASURES OF SDOH FACTORS INCORPORATED INTO STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSES, FUTURE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN EVIDENCE BASE THAT CAN BETTER INFORM PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS, TO IMPROVE EQUITABLE CLINICAL CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH. (C) 2022 WILEY PERIODICALS LLC.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10  5169  39 PRECONCEPTIONAL STRESS AND RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH: AN OVERVIEW. OBJECTIVE: WE REVIEWED THE EVIDENCE FOR THREE THEORIES OF HOW PRECONCEPTIONAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS COULD ACT AS A CONTRIBUTING DETERMINANT OF EXCESS PRETERM BIRTH RISK AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN: EARLY LIFE DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF ADULT NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS; BLUNTING, WEATHERING, OR DYSFUNCTION OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS ACTIVATION THROUGH THE LIFE COURSE; INDIVIDUALS' ADOPTION OF RISKY BEHAVIORS SUCH AS SMOKING AS A RESPONSE TO STRESSFUL STIMULI. METHODS: BASIC SCIENCE, CLINICAL, AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES INDEXED IN MEDLINE AND WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASES ON PRECONCEPTIONAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, PRETERM BIRTH AND RACE WERE REVIEWED. RESULTS: MIXED EVIDENCE LEANS TOWARDS MODEST ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRECONCEPTIONAL CHRONIC STRESS AND PRETERM BIRTH (FOR EXAMPLE COMMON ODDS RATIOS OF 1.2-1.4), PARTICULARLY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN, BUT IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THIS ASSOCIATION IS CAUSAL OR EXPLAINS A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE BLACK-WHITE RACIAL DISPARITY IN PRETERM BIRTH. THE STRESS-PRETERM BIRTH ASSOCIATION MAY BE MEDIATED BY HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS DYSFUNCTION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS, ALTHOUGH THESE MECHANISMS ARE INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC OR EARLY LIFE PROGRAMMING AS A DETERMINANT OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH RISK IS MORE CIRCUMSTANTIAL. CONCLUSIONS: PRECONCEPTIONAL STRESS, DIRECTLY OR IN INTERACTION WITH HOST GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OR INFECTION, REMAINS AN IMPORTANT HYPOTHESIZED RISK FACTOR FOR UNDERSTANDING AND REDUCING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH. FUTURE STUDIES THAT INTEGRATE ADEQUATELY SIZED EPIDEMIOLOGIC SAMPLES WITH MEASURES OF STRESS, INFECTION, AND GENE EXPRESSION, WILL ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE AND ALLOW DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED INTERVENTIONS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11  2153  27 EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ACTIVATED BY CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE) IMPAIR HEALTH AND LIFE EXPECTANCY AND MAY RESULT IN AN EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE THAT DRIVES INCREASED MORBIDITY PRIMED DURING EARLY STAGES OF LIFE. THIS LITERATURE REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR EPIGENETIC-MEDIATED PROGRAMMING OF BRAIN AND IMMUNE FUNCTION RESULTING FROM ACE. TO ADDRESS THIS AIM, A TOTAL OF 88 ARTICLES INDEXED IN PUBMED BEFORE AUGUST 2019 CONCERNING ACE AND EPIGENETICS WERE SURVEYED. CURRENT EVIDENCE PARTIALLY SUPPORTS EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS, BUT CONVINCINGLY SHOWS THAT ACE IMPAIRS IMMUNE FUNCTION. ADDITIONALLY, THE NEEDS AND CHALLENGES THAT FACE THIS AREA ARE DISCUSSED IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK THAT MAY HELP TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS OF ACE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12    29  29 A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL OVERVIEW OF THE OPIOID CRISIS: CONSIDERING NUTRITION AND GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH. THE OPIOID CRISIS HAS REACHED EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES WITH RISING OVERDOSE DEATH RATES. IDENTIFYING THE UNDERLYING FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ADDICTION VULNERABILITY MAY LEAD TO MORE EFFECTIVE PREVENTION STRATEGIES. SUPPLY SIDE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING COMPONENT. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS SUCH AS STRESS, TRAUMA, AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES HAVE BEEN LINKED TO EMOTIONAL PAIN LEADING TO SELF-MEDICATION. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN REWARD PATHWAYS AND IMPULSIVITY ARE KNOWN PREDICTORS OF ADDICTION VULNERABILITY. THIS REVIEW ATTEMPTS TO PRESENT A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH THAT CONNECTS VARIOUS SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES RELATED TO THE ADDICTION CRISIS. THE EMERGING ROLE OF NUTRITION THERAPY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH IN THE TREATMENT OF OPIOID USE DISORDER IS PRESENTED. THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL INTEGRATES CONCEPTS FROM SEVERAL DISCIPLINES, EMPHASIZING MULTICAUSALITY RATHER THAN A REDUCTIONIST APPROACH. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS AT MULTIPLE LEVELS ARE PRESENTED, CONSIDERING INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS POPULATION HEALTH. THIS SINGLE COHESIVE FRAMEWORK IS BASED ON THE INTERDEPENDENCY OF THE ENTIRE SYSTEM, IDENTIFYING RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE SUBSTANCE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR. NUTRITION SHOULD BE INCLUDED AS ONE FACET OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TOWARD IMPROVED RECOVERY OUTCOMES. CROSS-DISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS, NEW IDEAS, AND FISCAL RESOURCES WILL BE CRITICAL TO ADDRESS THE EPIDEMIC.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13   120  29 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT AND DNA METHYLATION: CANDIDATE GENE AND EPIGENOME-WIDE APPROACHES. CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC AND SEVERE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ACROSS THE LIFESPAN. INCREASING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MALTREATMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT MAY SUBSEQUENTLY SERVE AS MECHANISMS OF DISEASE. THE CURRENT REVIEW USES A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND SUMMARIZE THE LITERATURE RELATED TO CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT AND ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION IN HUMANS. A TOTAL OF 100 EMPIRICAL ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED IN OUR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RESEARCH PUBLISHED PRIOR TO OR DURING MARCH 2020, INCLUDING STUDIES THAT FOCUSED ON CANDIDATE GENES AND STUDIES THAT LEVERAGED EPIGENOME-WIDE DATA IN BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS. THEMES ARISING FROM THE LITERATURE, INCLUDING CONSISTENT AND INCONSISTENT PATTERNS OF RESULTS, ARE PRESENTED. SEVERAL DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH, INCLUDING IMPORTANT METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY DESIGN, ARE DISCUSSED. TAKEN TOGETHER, THE LITERATURE ON CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT AND DNA METHYLATION UNDERSCORES THE COMPLEXITY OF TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOLOGY ACROSS DEVELOPMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  6822  31 [GENDER MEDICINE. SEX- AND GENDER-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF CLINICAL MEDICINE]. GENDER MEDICINE STUDIES SEX- AND GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION OF DISEASES, THE AWARENESS AND PRESENTATION OF SYMPTOMS, AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY. GENDER MEDICINE IS PART OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, CONSIDERING DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INDIVIDUALLY. THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN GENES, CHROMOSOMES, HORMONES, AND METABOLISM AS WELL AS DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY. LIFELONG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WILL INFLUENCE THE HEALTH AND ILL-HEALTH OF MEN AND WOMEN IN DIFFERENT WAYS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE DURING VULNERABLE PHASES ON BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, EFFECTING FUTURE GENERATIONS. MATERNAL LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS DURING PREGNANCY CAN IMPACT THE HEALTH OF OFFSPRING IN LATER LIFE ALREADY IN UTERO IN A SEX-SPECIFIC WAY. PAIN, STRESS, AND COPING STYLES DIFFER BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN. WOMEN EXPERIENCE MORE DRAMATIC PHYSICAL CHANGES DURING THEIR LIFETIME, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC BURDENS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ALTERATIONS. WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES SUFFERING FROM STRESS DEVELOP DEPRESSION MORE FREQUENTLY. HOWEVER, MEN ARE OFTEN NOT DIAGNOSED AND TREATED APPROPRIATELY IN CASES OF DEPRESSION OR OSTEOPOROSIS, DISEASES THAT ARE TYPICALLY CONSIDERED "FEMALE." THERE ARE PROMINENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN MEDICINE REGARDING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, INFLAMMATION, AND NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES SUCH AS OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. WOMEN EXPERIENCE MORE OFTEN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND SUFFER MORE FREQUENTLY FROM (CHRONIC) PAIN, NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES, AND FUNCTIONAL DISABILITIES. MEN HAVE SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY BUT RELATIVELY MORE HEALTHY YEARS OF LIFE, WHICH IS IN GREATER PART ASCRIBED TO PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS. STATE-OF-THE-ART CLINICAL MEDICINE COMPRISES INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS BASED ON SEX- AND GENDER-SENSITIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE FOR MEN AND WOMEN.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15   380  33 AN EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE ON LIFESTYLE MEDICINE FOR DEPRESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY CARE PRACTICE. DEPRESSION IS THE MOST COMMON PRESENTING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER IN PRIMARY CARE. IT IS ALSO A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO SOMATIC COMPLAINTS, WORSENING OF CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS, POOR QUALITY OF LIFE, AND SUICIDE. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGIC AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES AVERT LESS THAN HALF OF DEPRESSION'S CUMULATIVE BURDEN ON SOCIETY. HOWEVER, THERE IS A GROWING BODY OF RESEARCH DESCRIBING BOTH HOW MALADAPTIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICES CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND WORSENING OF DEPRESSION AND HOW LIFESTYLE-ORIENTED MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS CAN REDUCE THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DEPRESSION. THIS RESEARCH, LARGELY DERIVED FROM AN EMERGING FIELD CALLED EPIGENETICS, ELUCIDATES THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN OUR LIFESTYLE CHOICES AND THOSE EPIGENETIC FACTORS WHICH MEDIATE OUR TENDENCIES TOWARD EITHER HEALTH, OR THE ONSET, IF NOT WORSENING OF DISEASE. THE PRESENT REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS HOW LIFESTYLE CHOICES INVOLVING DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SLEEP, SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND STRESS INFLUENCE EPIGENETIC PROCESSES POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY, AND THEREBY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DETERMINING WHETHER ONE DOES OR DOES NOT SUFFER FROM DEPRESSION. THE AUTHORS PROPOSE THAT MEDICAL TRAINING PROGRAMS CONSIDER AND ADOPT LIFESTYLE MEDICINE ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONAL INITIATIVES THAT WILL ENABLE TOMORROW'S PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS TO MORE EFFECTIVELY IDENTIFY AND THERAPEUTICALLY INTERVENE IN THE MALADAPTIVE CHOICES CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR PATIENTS' DEPRESSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16   393  18 AN OVERVIEW OF EPIGENETICS IN NURSING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO THE GENOME ARE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS TO THE DNA THAT DO NOT CHANGE AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENOME BUT DO CHANGE AND INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. THE NURSING PROFESSION IS QUALIFIED TO CONDUCT AND INTEGRATE EPIGENETIC-FOCUSED NURSING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES CURRENT EPIGENETIC NURSING RESEARCH, PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF HOW EPIGENETIC RESEARCH RELATES TO NURSING PRACTICE, MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS, AND PROVIDES EPIGENETIC ONLINE RESOURCES FOR NURSING RESEARCH. AN OVERVIEW OF MAJOR EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN NURSING (SPECIFIC TO CHILDBIRTH STUDIES, PREECLAMPSIA, METABOLIC SYNDROME, IMMUNOTHERAPY CANCER, AND PAIN) IS PROVIDED, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON NEXT STEPS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
17   734  33 CANCER HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES. A NEED EXISTS TO EXAMINE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE HEALTHCARE ARENA AND THE IMPACT ON PATIENTS WITH CANCER. DESPITE ONGOING EFFORTS TO INCREASE EQUITY IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE ACCESS, RACIAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES PERSIST, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO DISPROPORTIONATE TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND SURVIVORSHIP AMONG MINORITY AND LOW-INCOME PATIENTS. SUCH DISPARITIES HAVE BEEN REVEALED IN TREATMENT COHORTS OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE FORMS OF CANCER, INCLUDING BREAST, CERVICAL, OVARIAN, ENDOMETRIAL, PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL, GASTROINTESTINAL, AND HEPATOCELLULAR, AND HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO A RANGE OF CO-OCCURRING BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, UNDERLYING GENETIC FACTORS, AS WELL AS ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES THAT LIMIT THE QUALITY OF INFORMED HEALTHCARE. THESE VARIOUS INTERRELATED FACTORS WIDEN CANCER HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES SYNERGISTICALLY THROUGHOUT UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE HAS BEEN AMPLIFIED BY THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC. FUNDAMENTALLY, A LACK OF BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH EXISTS THAT FAILS TO ADEQUATELY REFLECT DIVERSITY AND MINORITY INVOLVEMENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT. ALTHOUGH OVERCOMING THE OBSTACLES RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC TREATMENT DISPARITIES IS A FORMIDABLE TASK, PROMISING MEANS OF ACHIEVING MORE UNIFORM QUALITY HEALTHCARE ARE BECOMING MORE CLEARLY ELUCIDATED. TO REDUCE DISEASE PROGRESSION, INCREASE OVERALL SURVIVAL, AND IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, IT IS NECESSARY TO IDENTIFY AND FULLY DISCLOSE ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND ANCESTRAL FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE RISK FOR CANCER; HEAL HISTORICAL FRACTURES WITHIN COMMUNITIES; AND INCREASE PARTICIPATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN SCREENING EFFORTS AND RESEARCH STUDIES. THIS REQUIRES DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OF JUSTICE AND TRUST BASED ON SPECIFIC, SOLUTION-ORIENTED GRASSROOTS COMMUNITY EFFORTS WORKING IN TANDEM WITH MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL LEADERS. BY FULLY EXPLORING AND PINPOINTING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES, IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO DEFINE STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS MOST LIKELY TO TRANSFORM CANCER CARE. THE ULTIMATE GOAL IS UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL, CULTURAL, AND BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES, INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC LIABILITIES, TO OPTIMIZE CANCER PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18  4080  18 MATERNAL LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS: TARGETING PRECONCEPTION HEALTH. ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ARE OBESE, PREDISPOSING BOTH MOTHER AND BABY TO UNFAVOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND INITIATING AN INTERGENERATIONAL CYCLE OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS. HERE WE SUMMARISE RECENT RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL METABOLIC HEALTH ON OFFSPRING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FUTURE CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES. CURRENT PRIMARY LIFESTYLE APPROACHES (I.E., DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS) TO HALT THE SUCCESSION OF INHERITED AND EPIGENETIC METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES HAVE MET WITH LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO LATE IMPLEMENTATION, POOR ADHERENCE, AND/OR GENERIC GUIDELINES. IN OUR OPINION, SUCH INTERVENTIONS MUST COMMENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION TO IMPROVE BOTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH NEW APPROACHES URGENTLY NEEDED TO INCREASE ADHERENCE TO PRIMARY LIFESTYLE CHANGES AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  1221  37 CRITICAL CONNECTIONS AMONG EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND ADULT CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. BACKGROUND: A GAP IN THE LITERATURE EXISTS DEMONSTRATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILD EXPERIENCES (ACES) AS POTENTIAL A PRIORI CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND GASTROINTESTINAL (GI)/GENITOURINARY (GU) DISORDERS. PURPOSE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS WITH A WORKING HYPOTHESIS OF A DOSE-RESPONSIVE RELATIONSHIP EXISTING AMONG THEM. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED USING MEDLINE, CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, PUBMED, AND WEB OF SCIENCE USING SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, OBESITY, GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS, AND SECONDARY SEARCHES OF OBESITY AND SPECIFIC GI/GU DISORDERS (EG, IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, PELVIC PAIN). DUPLICATES AND ARTICLES WITH INAPPROPRIATE FOCUS WERE DISCARDED AFTER REVIEW. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 58 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED. RESEARCH IDENTIFIED SHOWED THAT ACES DO PLAY A ROLE IN ADULT GI AND GU MORBIDITIES IN A DOSE-RESPONSE MANNER, AND SELECTED FACTORS SUCH AS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, RACE, GENDER IDENTITY, AND PHYSIOLOGIC STATE (EG, OBESITY) CONFER HIGHER RISK. RESEARCH ALSO SUGGESTED THAT GENETIC/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE AT PLAY IN DISEASE OCCURRENCE, AND THE IMPACT OF ACES MAY BE MITIGATED WITH POSITIVE LIFE EXPERIENCES. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS IS HETEROGENEOUS, NOTABLY DUE TO WIDE VARIATIONS IN HOW TYPES OF ACES ARE DEFINED AND SCREENING METHODS USED. DESPITE THIS LIMITATION, ASSOCIATIONS ARE DEMONSTRATED. AWARENESS OF A POSSIBLE CORRELATION BETWEEN ACES AND RISK OF GI/GU DISORDERS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE PATIENT CARE, ESPECIALLY THROUGH TRAUMA-INFORMED STRATEGIES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20   264  24 ADVANCING ASTHMA CARE: THE GLASS IS ONLY HALF FULL! OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, THERE HAS BEEN A CONCERTED EFFORT IN THE UNITED STATES TO REDUCE MORBIDITY RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASE, INCLUDING ASTHMA. ATTENTION WAS INITIALLY DIRECTED TOWARD ASTHMA IN RESPONSE TO THE RECOGNITION THAT ASTHMA MORTALITY WAS INCREASING AND THAT THE BURDEN OF DISEASE WAS SIGNIFICANT. THESE EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ASTHMA MORTALITY LED TO MANY NEW INITIATIVES TO DEVELOP CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES, IMPLEMENT THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE, CONDUCT RESEARCH TO FILL THE GAPS IN THE GUIDELINES, AND CONTINUOUSLY REVISE THE ASTHMA GUIDELINES AS MORE INFORMATION BECAME AVAILABLE. AN ASSESSMENT OF OUR PROGRESS SHOWS SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN RELATION TO REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATIONS. CONSEQUENTLY, WE ARE NOW AT A CROSSROADS IN ASTHMA CARE. ALTHOUGH WE HAVE RECOGNIZED SOME REMARKABLE ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN REDUCING ASTHMA MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY, THE AVAILABILITY OF NEW TOOLS TO MONITOR DISEASE ACTIVITY, INCLUDING BIOMARKERS AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS, ALONG WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS TO MONITOR ASTHMA CONTROL HOLD SOME PROMISE IN IDENTIFYING GAPS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. THESE ADVANCES SHOULD PROMPT THE EVOLUTION OF NEW STRATEGIES AND NEW TREATMENTS TO FURTHER REDUCE DISEASE BURDEN. IT NOW BECOMES IMPERATIVE TO CONTINUE A FOCUS ON WAYS TO FURTHER REDUCE THE BURDEN OF ASTHMA AND PREVENT ITS ONSET.	2011