1  6483 116 TOXIC STRESS, EPIGENETICS AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT. OBJECTIVES: TO DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF TOXIC STRESS, PRESENT THE BASICS OF EPIGENETICS AND DISCUSS THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DATA SOURCE: NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW THROUGH A SEARCH IN THE SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE DATABASES USING THE TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE OR EARLY LIFE STRESS, EPIGENOMIC OR EPIGENETIC, CHILD DEVELOPMENT OR INFANT DEVELOPMENT. DATA SYNTHESIS: CONTINUING STRESS RESPONSE, KNOWN AS TOXIC STRESS, CAN OCCUR WHEN A CHILD EXPERIENCES INTENSE, FREQUENT, AND/OR PROLONGED ADVERSITY-SUCH AS PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL ABUSE, CHRONIC NEGLECT, FOR EXAMPLE-WITHOUT ADEQUATE ADULT SUPPORT. THIS TOXIC STRESS CAN HAVE HARMFUL EFFECTS ON LEARNING, BEHAVIOR, AND HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE. EPIGENETICS, AN EMERGING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AREA?, SHOWS HOW ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AFFECT GENE EXPRESSIONS AND EXPLAINS HOW EARLY EXPERIENCES CAN IMPACT THROUGHOUT LIFE. CONCLUSIONS: TOXIC STRESS CAUSES CHANGES IN THE HUMAN BODY RESPONSE SYSTEMS THAT CAN BE EXPLAINED IN PART BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH CAN BE TEMPORARY OR LONG-LASTING. PEDIATRICIANS MUST BE AWARE OF THESE MECHANISMS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES, SEEKING TO PREVENT THEM AND THUS PROMOTE THE HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN, CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR FULL DEVELOPMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  1165  29 CONTRIBUTION OF DNA METHYLATION TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME: A REVIEW. SJOGREN'S SYNDROME (SS) IS A CHRONIC SYSTEMIC DISEASE CHARACTERISED BY SALIVARY AND LACRIMAL GLAND DYSFUNCTION WITH SEVERE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WELL-BEING OF BEARING INDIVIDUALS. ALTHOUGH ITS ORIGIN HAS NOT YET BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED, IT IS KNOWN THAT GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF THIS SYNDROME. DNA METHYLATION IS A RELEVANT, WIDELY STUDIED EPIGENETIC FACTOR THAT IS POSSIBLY RELATED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO PERFORM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE TO COMPILE STUDIES ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF DNA METHYLATION TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF SS. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED IN 4 DATABASES (PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, LILACS, AND SCOPUS) USING PREVIOUSLY SELECTED MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MESH) DESCRIPTORS, AND ARTICLE SELECTION CONSIDERED OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ONLY. AFTER A FULL-TEXT READING OF THE SELECTED ARTICLES, 15 STUDIES WERE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR DATA EXTRACTION. METHYLATION DETECTION APPROACHES INCLUDED GLOBAL METHYLATION, GENOME-WIDE ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS, AND SITE-SPECIFIC METHYLATION. FOURTEEN ARTICLES REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN SS PATIENTS, BOTH GLOBALLY AND IN SEVERAL GENES IN SALIVARY GLANDS AND BLOOD CELLS. THUS, DNA METHYLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF SS. THE FINDINGS REINFORCE THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN THE DYNAMICS OF SS AND MAY DIRECT EFFORTS TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3     5  34 "THE MOTHERS HAVE EATEN UNRIPE GRAPES AND THE CHILDREN'S TEETH ARE SET ON EDGE": THE POTENTIAL INTER-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE HOLOCAUST ON CHRONIC MORBIDITY IN HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS' OFFSPRING. MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY HAS EVOLVED IN THE LAST DECADES FROM THE SIMPLIFIED "CAUSE-EFFECT" PARADIGM TO A MULTI-FACTORIAL FRAMEWORK OF CAUSALITY. THE CONCEPT OF "FETAL ORIGIN OF ADULT DISEASES" (FOAD) IS A GOOD EXAMPLE: IT SUGGESTS THAT PRECONCEPTION CIRCUMSTANCES AND FETAL EXPOSURES AS WELL AS INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES MAY EVENTUALLY CHANGE AN INDIVIDUAL'S SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADULT MORBIDITY THROUGH FETAL PROGRAMMING AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THE FOAD CONCEPT WAS SUPPORTED, BETWEEN OTHERS, BY WELL-DESIGNED COHORT STUDIES CARRIED OUT ON NON-JEWISH WORLD WAR II (WWII) SURVIVORS, EXPOSED TO HUNGER DURING THE WAR YEARS. HOWEVER, DATA ON LATE PHYSICAL MORBIDITY OF JEWISH WWII SURVIVORS ARE STILL SCARCE.THE CURRENT PAPER PRESENTS SOME COHORTS ADDRESSING THE FOAD HYPOTHESIS IN RELATION TO THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF EARLY EXPOSURES TO HUNGER AND THEIR MAIN RESULTS. IT STRESSES THE NEED FOR THE ESTABLISHING OF A SIMILAR COHORT IN ISRAEL, IN ORDER TO STUDY THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE HOLOCAUST ON THE HEALTH OF HOLOCAUST CHILD SURVIVORS AND ON THAT OF THE "SECOND" AND "THIRD" GENERATIONS. A FRAMEWORK FOR SUCH A COHORT IN ISRAEL IS ALSO PROPOSED.ESTABLISHING A COHORT OF THIS CHARACTER IN ISRAEL SHOULD BE A NATIONAL PRIORITY AND POLICY. FIRST, TAKING SPECIAL CARE OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS IS A SOMEWHAT NEGLECTED NATIONAL OBLIGATION. SECOND, IF THE POPULATION OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS AND THEIR OFFSPRING IS INDEED A HIGH RISK GROUP FOR LATE CHRONIC MORBIDITY, HIGHER AWARENESS MAY LEAD TO BETTER PRIMARY PREVENTION AND TO TAILORED SECONDARY PREVENTION PROGRAMS. THIRD, THE POPULATION AT STACK IS UNIQUE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE FOAD THEORY AND ITS TRANSLATIONAL APPLICATIONS MAY BE OF FOREMOST IMPORTANCE, IN THE GLOBAL AND NATIONAL SENSE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  4067  32 MATERNAL AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH AND DISEASE: INTEGRATING BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS AND EPIGENETICS. THE CONCEPTS OF ALLOSTASIS (STABILITY THROUGH ADAPTATION) AND ACCUMULATED LIFE STRESS (MCEWEN'S ALLOSTATIC LOAD) AIM TO UNDERSTAND CHILDHOOD AND ADULT OUTCOMES. CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CHANGES IN SOCIAL CONDITION, AND ADVERSE EARLY-LIFE EXPERIENCES MAY PROGRAM PHENOTYPES AND CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-LASTING DISEASE RISK. HOWEVER, INTEGRATION OF LIFE COURSE APPROACHES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXTS, AND COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS HAS NOT GENERALLY BEEN EXPLORED. THIS REVIEW CRITICALLY EXAMINES THE LITERATURE AND EVALUATES RECENT INSIGHTS INTO HOW ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CAN ALTER LIFELONG HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSIVENESS AND INDUCE METABOLIC AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MALADAPTATION. MODELS OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS OVERLAP BUT MAY CONSIDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. CONCEPTS INCLUDE ALLOSTASIS, WHICH INCORPORATES HORMONAL RESPONSES TO PREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, AND GERONIMUS'S "WEATHERING," WHICH AIMS TO EXPLAIN HOW SOCIALLY STRUCTURED, REPEATED STRESS CAN ACCUMULATE AND INCREASE DISEASE VULNERABILITY. WEATHERING EMPHASIZES ROLES OF INTERNALIZED/INTERPERSONAL RACISM IN OUTCOMES DISPARITIES. FOR MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS AND MEXICAN AMERICANS, THE "ACCULTURATION" FRAMEWORK HAS PROVEN ESPECIALLY USEFUL TO EXPLORE DISPARITIES, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC RISKS IN CHILDHOOD. COMPLEXITIES OF STRESS ASSESSMENTS AND RECENT RESEARCH INTO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MEDIATING EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL, NUTRITIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL STRESS ARE REVIEWED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  1221  37 CRITICAL CONNECTIONS AMONG EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND ADULT CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. BACKGROUND: A GAP IN THE LITERATURE EXISTS DEMONSTRATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILD EXPERIENCES (ACES) AS POTENTIAL A PRIORI CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND GASTROINTESTINAL (GI)/GENITOURINARY (GU) DISORDERS. PURPOSE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS WITH A WORKING HYPOTHESIS OF A DOSE-RESPONSIVE RELATIONSHIP EXISTING AMONG THEM. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED USING MEDLINE, CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, PUBMED, AND WEB OF SCIENCE USING SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, OBESITY, GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS, AND SECONDARY SEARCHES OF OBESITY AND SPECIFIC GI/GU DISORDERS (EG, IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, PELVIC PAIN). DUPLICATES AND ARTICLES WITH INAPPROPRIATE FOCUS WERE DISCARDED AFTER REVIEW. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 58 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED. RESEARCH IDENTIFIED SHOWED THAT ACES DO PLAY A ROLE IN ADULT GI AND GU MORBIDITIES IN A DOSE-RESPONSE MANNER, AND SELECTED FACTORS SUCH AS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, RACE, GENDER IDENTITY, AND PHYSIOLOGIC STATE (EG, OBESITY) CONFER HIGHER RISK. RESEARCH ALSO SUGGESTED THAT GENETIC/EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE AT PLAY IN DISEASE OCCURRENCE, AND THE IMPACT OF ACES MAY BE MITIGATED WITH POSITIVE LIFE EXPERIENCES. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACES AND GI/GU DISORDERS IS HETEROGENEOUS, NOTABLY DUE TO WIDE VARIATIONS IN HOW TYPES OF ACES ARE DEFINED AND SCREENING METHODS USED. DESPITE THIS LIMITATION, ASSOCIATIONS ARE DEMONSTRATED. AWARENESS OF A POSSIBLE CORRELATION BETWEEN ACES AND RISK OF GI/GU DISORDERS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE PATIENT CARE, ESPECIALLY THROUGH TRAUMA-INFORMED STRATEGIES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  1151  39 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7  5169  39 PRECONCEPTIONAL STRESS AND RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH: AN OVERVIEW. OBJECTIVE: WE REVIEWED THE EVIDENCE FOR THREE THEORIES OF HOW PRECONCEPTIONAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS COULD ACT AS A CONTRIBUTING DETERMINANT OF EXCESS PRETERM BIRTH RISK AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN: EARLY LIFE DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF ADULT NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS; BLUNTING, WEATHERING, OR DYSFUNCTION OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS ACTIVATION THROUGH THE LIFE COURSE; INDIVIDUALS' ADOPTION OF RISKY BEHAVIORS SUCH AS SMOKING AS A RESPONSE TO STRESSFUL STIMULI. METHODS: BASIC SCIENCE, CLINICAL, AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES INDEXED IN MEDLINE AND WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASES ON PRECONCEPTIONAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, PRETERM BIRTH AND RACE WERE REVIEWED. RESULTS: MIXED EVIDENCE LEANS TOWARDS MODEST ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRECONCEPTIONAL CHRONIC STRESS AND PRETERM BIRTH (FOR EXAMPLE COMMON ODDS RATIOS OF 1.2-1.4), PARTICULARLY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN, BUT IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THIS ASSOCIATION IS CAUSAL OR EXPLAINS A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE BLACK-WHITE RACIAL DISPARITY IN PRETERM BIRTH. THE STRESS-PRETERM BIRTH ASSOCIATION MAY BE MEDIATED BY HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS DYSFUNCTION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS, ALTHOUGH THESE MECHANISMS ARE INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC OR EARLY LIFE PROGRAMMING AS A DETERMINANT OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH RISK IS MORE CIRCUMSTANTIAL. CONCLUSIONS: PRECONCEPTIONAL STRESS, DIRECTLY OR IN INTERACTION WITH HOST GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OR INFECTION, REMAINS AN IMPORTANT HYPOTHESIZED RISK FACTOR FOR UNDERSTANDING AND REDUCING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PRETERM BIRTH. FUTURE STUDIES THAT INTEGRATE ADEQUATELY SIZED EPIDEMIOLOGIC SAMPLES WITH MEASURES OF STRESS, INFECTION, AND GENE EXPRESSION, WILL ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE AND ALLOW DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED INTERVENTIONS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  2727  41 EXPLAINING THE BLACK-WHITE DISPARITY IN PRETERM BIRTH: A CONSENSUS STATEMENT FROM A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC WORK GROUP CONVENED BY THE MARCH OF DIMES. IN 2017-2019, THE MARCH OF DIMES CONVENED A WORKGROUP WITH BIOMEDICAL, CLINICAL, AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC EXPERTISE TO REVIEW KNOWLEDGE OF THE CAUSES OF THE PERSISTENT BLACK-WHITE DISPARITY IN PRETERM BIRTH (PTB). MULTIPLE DATABASES WERE SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY HYPOTHESIZED CAUSES EXAMINED IN PEER-REVIEWED LITERATURE, 33 HYPOTHESIZED CAUSES WERE REVIEWED FOR WHETHER THEY PLAUSIBLY AFFECT PTB AND EITHER OCCUR MORE/LESS FREQUENTLY AND/OR HAVE A LARGER/SMALLER EFFECT SIZE AMONG BLACK WOMEN VS. WHITE WOMEN. WHILE DEFINITIVE PROOF IS LACKING FOR MOST POTENTIAL CAUSES, MOST ARE BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE. NO SINGLE DOWNSTREAM OR MIDSTREAM FACTOR EXPLAINS THE DISPARITY OR ITS SOCIAL PATTERNING, HOWEVER, MANY LIKELY PLAY LIMITED ROLES, E.G., WHILE GENETIC FACTORS LIKELY CONTRIBUTE TO PTB, THEY EXPLAIN AT MOST A SMALL FRACTION OF THE DISPARITY. RESEARCH LINKS MOST HYPOTHESIZED MIDSTREAM CAUSES, INCLUDING SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND STRESS, WITH THE DISPARITY THROUGH THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE HYPOTHESIZED DOWNSTREAM FACTORS. SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ALONE CANNOT EXPLAIN THE DISPARITY'S SOCIAL PATTERNING. CHRONIC STRESS COULD AFFECT PTB THROUGH NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE MECHANISMS LEADING TO INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION, STRESS COULD ALTER A WOMAN'S MICROBIOTA, IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFECTION, CHRONIC DISEASE RISKS, AND BEHAVIORS, AND TRIGGER EPIGENETIC CHANGES INFLUENCING PTB RISK. AS AN UPSTREAM FACTOR, RACISM IN MULTIPLE FORMS HAS REPEATEDLY BEEN LINKED WITH THE PLAUSIBLE MIDSTREAM/DOWNSTREAM FACTORS, INCLUDING SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE, STRESS, AND TOXIC EXPOSURES. RACISM IS THE ONLY FACTOR IDENTIFIED THAT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY COULD EXPLAIN THE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE PLAUSIBLE MIDSTREAM/DOWNSTREAM CAUSES AND THE OBSERVED SOCIAL PATTERNING. HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMIC RACISM CAN EXPLAIN THE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SOCIOECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES THAT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPOSE AFRICAN AMERICANS TO LIFELONG FINANCIAL STRESS AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH-HARMING CONDITIONS. SEGREGATION PLACES BLACK WOMEN IN STRESSFUL SURROUNDINGS AND EXPOSES THEM TO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS. RACE-BASED DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT IS A PERVASIVE STRESSOR FOR BLACK WOMEN OF ALL SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS, CONSIDERING BOTH INCIDENTS AND THE CONSTANT VIGILANCE NEEDED TO PREPARE ONESELF FOR POTENTIAL INCIDENTS. RACISM IS A HIGHLY PLAUSIBLE, MAJOR UPSTREAM CONTRIBUTOR TO THE BLACK-WHITE DISPARITY IN PTB THROUGH MULTIPLE PATHWAYS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS. WHILE MUCH IS UNKNOWN, EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND CORE VALUES (EQUITY, JUSTICE) SUPPORT ADDRESSING RACISM IN EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE THE RACIAL DISPARITY IN PTB.	2021	

9   704  42 BUILDING RESILIENCE AGAINST THE SEQUELAE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES: RISE UP, CHANGE YOUR LIFE, AND REFORM HEALTH CARE. A REFORMED APPROACH TO HEALTH CARE TACKLES HEALTH AT ITS ROOTS. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) IN THOSE EXPOSED TO THEM MAY CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE ROOT CAUSES OF MANY DISEASES OF LIFESTYLE. ACES ARE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES, SUCH AS PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND EXPOSURE TO RISKY FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS. IN 1998, A GROUND-BREAKING STUDY FOUND THAT NEARLY 70% OF AMERICANS EXPERIENCE AT LEAST 1 ACE IN THEIR LIFETIME, AND GRADED EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS, HEART DISEASE, CANCER, AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES. OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, EVIDENCE HAS DEMONSTRATED FURTHER DISEASE RISK, OUTCOMES, AND EPIGENETIC UNDERPINNINGS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH ACES. BUILDING RESILIENCE-THE CAPACITY TO ADAPT IN HEALTHY WAYS TO TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES-THROUGH LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION OFFERS POTENTIAL TO COMBAT THE NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ACES. EMERGING RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES RESILIENCE IS CULTIVATED THROUGH INDIVIDUAL SKILLS (EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING, AND FOSTERING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES), AND NURTURING SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIPS. BEING MINDFUL OF THE IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF ACES AND DIVERSITY OF INDIVIDUALS' EXPERIENCES IN SOCIETY WILL HELP BUILD RESILIENCE AND COMBAT THE ROOT CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO CULTIVATE THAT AWARENESS AND WILL DISCUSS 3 OBJECTIVES: TO DISCUSS THE EFFECTS AND HYPOTHESIZED PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN CHILDHOOD ON HEALTH AND WELLBEING THROUGHOUT LIFE, TO PRESENT WAYS WE CAN PROMOTE RESILIENCE IN OUR DAILY LIVES AND PATIENT ENCOUNTERS, AND TO DEMONSTRATE HOW ADVOCACY FOR THE REDUCTION OF ACES AND PROMOTION OF RESILIENT, TRAUMA-INFORMED ENVIRONMENTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO HEALTH CARE REFORM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  6894  24 [SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH]. SOCIAL INEQUALITY REFERS TO THE INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL PROSPERITY INCLUDING THE RESOURCE OF HEALTH. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH CAN BE ESTABLISHED BY MEANS OF INDICATORS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY THROUGHOUT ALL AGE GROUPS IN GERMANY. THERE ARE SOCIAL GRADIENTS OF MENTAL HEALTH ON THE POPULATION LEVEL, I.E. THE LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CLASSES OR STATUS AND STATE OF HEALTH. FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DISPARITY ARE CULTURAL, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS, WHICH INTERACT WITH THE GENETIC MAKE-UP AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THESE DETERMINANTS ALSO INFLUENCE THE MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS DURING THE LIFE COURSE AND ARE OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS. THE MALADAPTATION TO CHRONIC STRESS IS AT THE CORE OF HEALTH DISPARITY. INTERVENTIONS AT THE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORAL LEVEL SHOULD COMPRISE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  1985  26 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN PRIMARY SJOGREN'S SYNDROME - AN OVERVIEW. PRIMARY SJOGREN'S SYNDROME (PSS) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS, MAINLY SALIVARY AND LACRIMAL GLANDS. IN ADDITION, PSS MAY AFFECT MULTIPLE OTHER ORGANS RESULTING IN SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS. ALTHOUGH THE PRECISE ETIOLOGY OF PSS REMAINS ELUSIVE, PSS IS CONSIDERED TO BE A MULTI-FACTORIAL DISEASE, WHERE UNDERLYING GENETIC PREDISPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND NON-CODING RNAS, MAY CONSTITUTE A DYNAMIC LINK BETWEEN GENOME, ENVIRONMENT AND PHENOTYPIC MANIFESTATION BY THEIR MODULATING EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION. A GROWING BODY OF STUDIES REPORTING ALTERED EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES IN PSS SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSS, AND THE REVERSIBLE NATURE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUGGESTS THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TARGETING EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IN PSS. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN PSS AND DISCUSSES IMPLICATIONS FOR NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12   455  32 APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: YOGA IS WELL-THOUGHT-OUT AS AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH GLOBALLY AND CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN CLINICAL CARE AS AN INTEGRATIVE OR ALTERNATE APPROACH TO REGULAR TREATMENT. YOGA EXERCISE HAS BEEN DISCLOSED TO INFLUENCE REMISSION FROM CANCER CELLS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND ALSO REVERSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ONCOLOGY PATIENTS ARE SCARCE, HENCE THE NEED FOR A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. HENCE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONDUCT A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY. METHODS: THE REVIEW METHODOLOGY WAS INFORMED BY JOANNA BRIGG'S INSTITUTE GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEWS, AND THE REVIEW WAS REPORTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS. TEN DATABASES WERE SEARCHED. THE RECORDS OF ALL THE LITERATURE RETRIEVED FROM THE SEARCH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE RAYYAN SOFTWARE FOR DEDUPLICATION. AFTER THE FULL-TEXT SCREENING, ONLY TWO WERE FOUND ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION IN THE SCOPING REVIEW. DATA OBTAINED IN THE INCLUDED LITERATURE WERE EXTRACTED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THIS REVIEW FOUND THAT YOGA WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG ORAL CANCER PATIENTS (P-VALUES > 0.04). HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT YOGA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED ANXIETY, SALIVA STICKINESS, AND EPISODES OF FALLING ILL (P-VALUES < 0.05) WHILE IT IMPROVED MENTAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING, AND HEAD AND NECK PAIN OF THOSE ORAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED IT (P-VALUES < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE CARE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS NONPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS YOGA COULD HELP TO REDUCE CARE COST WHILE IMPROVING CARE OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS. HENCE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CONSIDER YOGA ALONG WITH ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS, AND WE RECOMMEND GRADUAL INCORPORATION OF YOGA INTO ORAL CANCER CARE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  1145  28 CONCURRENT DIAGNOSIS OF ADENOMYOSIS AND CONGENITAL UTERINE ANOMALIES: A REVIEW. BACKGROUND: ADENOMYOSIS AND CONGENITAL UTERINE ANOMALIES (CUAS) CAN COMPROMISE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND MAY COEXIST IN THE SAME PATIENT, ESPECIALLY IN CASES OF INFERTILITY. THIS REVIEW (CRD42022382850) AIMS TO EVALUATE THE PUBLISHED CASES OF CONCURRENT ADENOMYOSIS AND SYNDROMIC AND NONSYNDROMIC CUAS. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH FOR SUITABLE ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE WAS PERFORMED USING THE FOLLOWING DATABASES FROM INCEPTION TO 30 NOVEMBER 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, GLOBAL HEALTH, THE COCHRANE LIBRARY, HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT DATABASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE. ARTICLES INCLUDING BOTH CUAS AND ADENOMYOSIS, WITH DATA ABOUT THEIR POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP, WERE INCLUDED. RESULTS: THE LITERATURE SEARCH RETRIEVED 14 ARTICLES THAT MET THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW AND SUMMARIZED THE MOST RECENT FINDINGS REGARDING THE CONCURRENT DIAGNOSIS OF ADENOMYOSIS AND CUAS. CONCLUSIONS: ADENOMYOSIS CAN BE FOUND IN BOTH SYNDROMIC AND NONSYNDROMIC CUAS, AND MAY ARISE FROM SEVERAL ETIOLOGIES. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT OBSTRUCTIONS IN CUAS INCREASE UTERINE PRESSURE AND PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADENOMYOSIS REMAINS TO BE FURTHER ELUCIDATED, AND ADDITIONAL FINDINGS MAY ALSO PLAY A ROLE. THE PATIENT'S GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND HORMONAL PATTERNS, AS WELL AS NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS PREGNANCY, MAY INFLUENCE THE GROWTH OF ADENOMYOSIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14   363  33 AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS TO CHILDREN. AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IS PRODUCED BY SOURCES INCLUDING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC, COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, HYDRAULIC FRACTURING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND FOREST FIRES. IT CONSISTS OF PRIMARY POLLUTANTS GENERATED BY COMBUSTION AND SECONDARY POLLUTANTS FORMED IN THE ATMOSPHERE FROM PRECURSOR GASES. AIR POLLUTION CAUSES AND EXACERBATES CLIMATE CHANGE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE WORSENS HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. INFANTS AND CHILDREN ARE UNIQUELY SENSITIVE TO AIR POLLUTION, BECAUSE THEIR ORGANS ARE DEVELOPING AND THEY HAVE HIGHER AIR PER BODY WEIGHT INTAKE. HEALTH EFFECTS LINKED TO AIR POLLUTION INCLUDE NOT ONLY EXACERBATIONS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES BUT ALSO REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASED ASTHMA INCIDENCE. ADDITIONAL OUTCOMES OF CONCERN INCLUDE PRETERM BIRTH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, IQ LOSS, PEDIATRIC CANCERS, AND INCREASED RISKS FOR ADULT CHRONIC DISEASES. THESE EFFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY OXIDATIVE STRESS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN. NATURAL EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE THAT WITH INITIATIVES SUCH AS INCREASED USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, BOTH AIR QUALITY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH IMPROVE. SIMILARLY, THE CLEAN AIR ACT HAS IMPROVED AIR QUALITY, ALTHOUGH EXPOSURE INEQUITIES PERSIST. OTHER EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTION INCLUDE ENDING RELIANCE ON COAL, OIL, AND GAS; REGULATING INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; REDUCING EXPOSURE WITH ATTENTION TO PROXIMITY OF RESIDENCES, SCHOOLS, AND CHILD CARE FACILITIES TO TRAFFIC; AND A GREATER AWARENESS OF THE AIR QUALITY INDEX. THIS POLICY REVIEWS BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURES. IT EXAMINES INDIVIDUAL, COMMUNITY, AND LEGISLATIVE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE AIR POLLUTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  4808  34 OBESITY MANAGEMENT: AT THE FOREFRONT AGAINST DISEASE STIGMA AND THERAPEUTIC INERTIA. OBESITY IS A COMPLEX CHRONIC RELAPSING DISEASE, RESULTING FROM THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CAUSES, AND SUPPORTED BY CHANGES IN THE NEUROENDOCRINE MECHANISMS REGULATING ENERGY BALANCE AND BODY WEIGHT. ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTES TO OBESITY-RELATED COMPLICATIONS. HOWEVER, THE PREVALENT NARRATIVE ABOUT THE CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF OBESITY REMAINS A MUCH MORE SIMPLISTIC ONE, BASED ON THE FALSE ASSUMPTION THAT INDIVIDUALS CAN FULLY CONTROL THEIR BODY WEIGHT THROUGH APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOURAL CHOICES. ACCORDING TO THIS NARRATIVE, OBESITY IS SIMPLY REVERSIBLE "PERSUADING" THE PATIENT TO FOLLOW HEALTHIER AND MORE VIRTUOUS INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOURS (MORAL JUDGEMENT). THIS PERSISTENT NARRATIVE FORMS THE DEEP ROOT OF THE STIGMATISATION OF PEOPLE WITH OBESITY AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AND CREATES A CLEAR DISCREPANCY ON HOW OBESITY PREVENTION AND CURE ARE DESIGNED IN COMPARISON WITH THE CASE OF OTHER NON-COMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES (CLINICAL STIGMA). THE PROMOTION OF SYSTEMIC PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST OBESITY IS NOT SUPPORTED AT A POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LEVEL BY THE PERSISTENCE OF A NARRATIVE OF OBESITY AS THE SIMPLE CONSEQUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL FAILURES AND LACK OF WILLPOWER. THE SIMPLISTIC NARRATIVE OF OBESITY AS A SELF-IMPOSED CONDITION WITH AN EASY WAY-OUT ("EAT LESS AND MOVE MORE") CREATES A CLEAR DISCREPANCY ON HOW OBESITY IS MANAGED BY HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER NCDS. THE OVER-ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICACY OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION SOLELY BASED ON PATIENTS EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION IS RESPONSIBLE OF THERAPEUTIC INERTIA IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS AND IN CLINICAL GUIDELINES, LIMITING OR DELAYING THE ADOPTION OF MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES, LIKE ANTI-OBESITY MEDICATIONS AND BARIATRIC SURGERY. IN CONCLUSION, THE PERSISTENCE OF A NARRATIVE DESCRIBING OBESITY AS A SELF-INDUCED EASILY REVERSIBLE CONDITION HAS PROFOUND CONSEQUENCES ON HOW OBESITY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ARE BUILD, INCLUDING THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OBESITY MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES AND A TENDENCY TO THERAPEUTIC INERTIA.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NO LEVEL OF EVIDENCE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  6478  35 TOPICAL REVIEW: THE EMERGING FIELD OF EPIGENETICS: INFORMING MODELS OF PEDIATRIC TRAUMA AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. OBJECTIVE: TRAUMA EXPERIENCED DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A NUMBER OF CHRONIC MEDICAL CONCERNS. WE HIGHLIGHT MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THE PEDIATRIC TRAUMA LITERATURE TO PROVIDE A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THIS ASSOCIATION. METHODS: STUDIES EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA WERE SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED AND SYNTHESIZED INTO A MODEL PROPOSING A CENTRAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETICS IN THE WAYS THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES CAN AFFECT HEALTH. RESULTS: EARLY HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS RESPONSE MAY IMPACT INITIAL TRAUMA EXPERIENCE, WITH DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON POSTTRAUMA ADJUSTMENT REFLECTED IN POSTTRAUMA NEUROBIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS NEEDED TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ON THE COURSE OF HPA AND IMMUNE PROCESSES AS RELATED TO POSTTRAUMA PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17    61  28 A HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK TO DELIVER INFORMATION ON PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE STRATEGIES. A SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK CAN REDUCE COSTS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPLICATION BECAUSE IT ALLOWS DEVELOPERS TO REUSE BOTH DESIGN AND CODE. RECENTLY, COMPANIES AND RESEARCH GROUPS HAVE ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAVE BEEN EMPLOYING HEALTH SOFTWARE FRAMEWORKS. THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE DESIGN, PROOF-OF-CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATIONS AND EXPERIMENTATION OF THE HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK (HSSF). THE HSSF IS A FRAMEWORK THAT TACKLES THE DEMAND FOR THE RECOMMENDATION OF SURVEILLANCE INFORMATION AIMING AT SUPPORTING PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE STRATEGIES. EXAMPLES OF SUCH STRATEGIES ARE THE AUTOMATIC RECOMMENDATION OF SURVEILLANCE LEVELS TO PATIENTS IN NEED OF HEALTHCARE AND THE AUTOMATIC RECOMMENDATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE THAT ELUCIDATES EPIGENETIC PROBLEMS RELATED TO PATIENTS. HSSF WAS CREATED FROM TWO SYSTEMS WE DEVELOPED IN OUR PREVIOUS WORK ON HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS: THE AUTOMATIC-SL AND CISS SYSTEMS. THE AUTOMATIC-SL SYSTEM AIMS TO ASSIST HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN MAKING DECISIONS AND IN IDENTIFYING CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS. THE CISS SERVICE ASSOCIATES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASES WITH PATIENT'S CLINICAL RECORDS. TOWARDS EVALUATING THE HSSF FRAMEWORK, TWO NEW SYSTEMS, CISS+ AND CISS-SW, WERE CREATED BY MEANS OF ABSTRACTIONS AND INSTANTIATIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK (DESIGN AND CODE). WE SHOW THAT HSSF SUPPORTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TWO NEW SYSTEMS GIVEN THAT THEY BOTH RECOMMEND SCIENTIFIC PAPERS USING MEDICAL RECORDS AS QUERIES EVEN THOUGH THEY EXPLOIT DIFFERENT COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES. IN AN EXPERIMENT USING SIMULATED PATIENTS' MEDICAL RECORDS, WE SHOW THAT CISS, CISS+, AND CISS-SW SYSTEMS RECOMMENDED MORE CLOSELY RELATED AND SOMEWHAT RELATED DOCUMENTS THAN GOOGLE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND PUBMED. CONSIDERING RECALL AND PRECISION MEASURES, CISS+ SURPASSES CISS-SW IN TERMS OF PRECISION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18   300  33 AIR POLLUTION AND INDOOR SETTINGS. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO TOTAL HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS, AS PEOPLE SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME INDOORS. HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION (HAP) RESULTING FROM COOKING WITH POLLUTING ("DIRTY") FUELS, WHICH INCLUDE COAL, KEROSENE, AND BIOMASS (WOOD, CHARCOAL, CROP RESIDUES, AND ANIMAL MANURE) IS A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM. INDOOR POLLUTANTS ARE GASES, PARTICULATES, TOXINS, AND MICROORGANISMS AMONG OTHERS, THAT CAN HAVE AN IMPACT ESPECIALLY ON THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS THROUGH A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT MECHANISMS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND GENE ACTIVATION, EPIGENETIC, CELLULAR, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. AIR POLLUTION IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR AND CONTRIBUTOR TO MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASES. CHILDREN ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO BIOLOGICAL IMMATURITY, PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT. POOR AIR QUALITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO AN INCREASED PREVALENCE OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND RHINITIS. HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SHOULD INCREASE THEIR ROLE IN MANAGING THE EXPOSURE OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS TO AIR POLLUTION WITH BETTER METHODS OF CARE, PREVENTION, AND COLLECTIVE ACTION. INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE HOUSEHOLD POLLUTANTS MAY PROMOTE HEALTH AND CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH EDUCATION, COMMUNITY, AND HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19  5457  35 RESEARCH AND THE PROMOTION OF CHILD HEALTH: A POSITION PAPER OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, AND NUTRITION. CHILDREN COMPRISE ONE-FIFTH OF EUROPE'S POPULATION. PROMOTING CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT IS OF KEY IMPORTANCE FOR SOCIETY AND ITS FUTURE. THIS POSITION PAPER HIGHLIGHTS OPPORTUNITIES OF INVESTING IN GASTROINTESTINAL, LIVER, AND NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH TO PROMOTE CHILD HEALTH AND DELINEATES PRIORITIES FOR RESEARCH. INVESTING IN CHILD HEALTH PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE PROMOTION OF POPULATION HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND DISEASE PREVENTION LIFELONG, WITH LARGE HEALTH ECONOMIC BENEFITS. MAJOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND TRANSLATIONAL APPLICATION ARISE FROM RECENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL CUES INTERACTING WITH GENES. PERSONALISED APPROACHES TO THERAPY AND PREVENTION SHOULD BE ENHANCED. DECIPHERING THE MICROBIOME AND ITS EFFECTS ON FUNCTIONS CAN HELP IN PROMOTING LONG-TERM HEALTH. EPIGENETIC RESEARCH CAN HELP TO UNDERSTAND HOW EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE LATER GASTROINTESTINAL AND HEPATIC HEALTH AND DISEASE. A LINKED NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY STRATEGY CAN PROMOTE HEALTH AND PREVENT NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, INACTIVITY, AND CHRONIC NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, SUCH AS DIABETES, TO ENSURE OPTIMAL HEALTH AND COGNITION. SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE DEVOTED TO POPULATIONS WITH LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, MIGRANT BACKGROUND, AND ETHNIC MINORITIES, AND TO CRITICAL LIFE PERIODS, INCLUDING PREGNANCY, LACTATION, INFANCY, AND CHILDHOOD. IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF OPTIMAL NUTRITION AND ON MAINTAINING GUT AND LIVER HOMEOSTASIS THROUGHOUT CHILDHOOD WILL HELP PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASES IN LATER LIFE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
20  6917  24 [WHOSE BORDERLINE IS IT? HYPOTHESIZED ETIOLOGIES OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY]. BORDERLINE PERSONALITY IS A WELL KNOWN CONCEPT IN PSYCHIATRIC LITERATURE, HOWEVER, NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD AS TO ITS VERY NATURE. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A SHORT REVIEW OF HYPOTHESIZED ETIOLOGIES OF THE BORDERLINE PERSONALITY, STARTING WITH SO CALLED TRADITIONAL THEORIES, NAMELY, BORDERLINE PERSONALITY AS A CONSOLIDATED PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION, IN WHICH THE PATIENT PATHOLOGICALLY DEALS WITH HIS OR HER INNER AGGRESSION, OR WITH AN ENDURING DEVELOPMENTAL FAILURE. MORE MODERN HYPOTHESES FOCUS ON POSSIBLE CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AS THE ORIGIN OF THE BORDERLINE, VIEWING THE ADULT PERSONALITY AS A CHRONIC, UNRESOLVED, POST-TRAUMATIC DISORDER. ADDITIONALLY, A NEURO-EPIGENETIC VIEW HYPOTHESIZED THAT A UNIQUE CONGENITAL NEUROLOGICAL STRUCTURE INTERACTS WITH CONSEQUENTIAL EVENTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TO CREATE THE BORDERLINE PERSONALITY.	2008