1  3843 163 IRON-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF NRF2 TARGETS. THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF EXCESS DIETARY IRON WITHIN THE COLONIC LUMEN ARE WELL DOCUMENTED, PARTICULARLY IN THE CONTEXT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) AND COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). PROPOSED MECHANISMS THAT UNDERPIN IRON-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL DISEASE INCLUDE: (1) THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY AND ROS-PROMOTING NATURE OF IRON, (2) GENE-EXPRESSION ALTERATIONS, AND (3) INTESTINAL MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS. HOWEVER, TO DATE NO STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF IRON ON THE COLONIC EPIGENOME. HERE WE DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC IRON EXPOSURE OF COLONOCYTES LEADS TO SIGNIFICANT HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE EPIGENOME. BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS A SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC EFFECT ON NRF2 (NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2) PATHWAY TARGETS (INCLUDING NAD(P)H QUINONE DEHYDROGENASE 1 [NQO1] AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 2 [GPX2]); THIS DEMETHYLATING EFFECT WAS VALIDATED AND SUBSEQUENT GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION QUANTIFIED. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE NOT OBSERVED UPON THE DIMINISHMENT OF CELLULAR LIPID PEROXIDATION WITH ENDOGENOUS GLUTATHIONE AND THE SUBSEQUENT REMOVAL OF IRON. ADDITIONALLY, THE INDUCTION OF TET1 EXPRESSION WAS FOUND POST-IRON TREATMENT, HIGHLIGHTING THE POSSIBILITY OF AN OXIDATIVE-STRESS INDUCTION OF TET1 AND SUBSEQUENT HYPOMETHYLATION OF NRF2 TARGETS. IN ADDITION, A STRONG TIME DEPENDENCE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF IRON-ORCHESTRATED HYPOMETHYLATION WAS FOUND WHICH WAS CONCURRENT WITH THE INCREASE IN THE INTRACELLULAR LABILE IRON POOL (LIP) AND LIPID PEROXIDATION LEVELS. THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE FURTHER VALIDATED IN MURINE INTESTINAL MUCOSA IN MODELS ADMINISTERED A CHRONIC IRON DIET, PROVIDING EVIDENCE FOR THE LIKELIHOOD OF DIETARY-IRON MEDIATED EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN VIVO. FURTHERMORE, SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN NQO1 AND GPX2 DEMETHYLATION AND HUMAN INTESTINAL TISSUE IRON-STATUS, THUS SUGGESTING THAT THESE IRON-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE LIKELY IN IRON-REPLETE ENTEROCYTES. TOGETHER, THESE DATA DESCRIBE A NOVEL MECHANISM BY WHICH EXCESS DIETARY IRON IS ABLE TO ALTER THE INTESTINAL PHENOTYPE, WHICH COULD HAVE IMPLICATIONS IN IRON-MEDIATED INTESTINAL DISEASE AND THE REGULATION OF FERROPTOSIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  1396  41 DIET INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH. DIETARY EXPOSURES CAN HAVE CONSEQUENCES FOR HEALTH YEARS OR DECADES LATER AND THIS RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH SUCH EXPOSURES ARE 'REMEMBERED' AND HOW THEY RESULT IN ALTERED DISEASE RISK. THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION AND MAY BE CAUSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON COMPLEX (OR CHRONIC) DISEASES. EPIGENETICS ENCOMPASSES CHANGES TO MARKS ON THE GENOME (AND ASSOCIATED CELLULAR MACHINERY) THAT ARE COPIED FROM ONE CELL GENERATION TO THE NEXT, WHICH MAY ALTER GENE EXPRESSION, BUT WHICH DO NOT INVOLVE CHANGES IN THE PRIMARY DNA SEQUENCE. THESE INCLUDE THREE DISTINCT, BUT CLOSELY INTER-ACTING, MECHANISMS INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND NON-CODING MICRORNAS (MIRNA) WHICH, TOGETHER, ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION NOT ONLY DURING CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN EMBRYONIC AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT BUT ALSO THROUGHOUT THE LIFE-COURSE. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE GROWING EVIDENCE THAT NUMEROUS DIETARY FACTORS, INCLUDING MICRONUTRIENTS AND NON-NUTRIENT DIETARY COMPONENTS SUCH AS GENISTEIN AND POLYPHENOLS, CAN MODIFY EPIGENETIC MARKS. IN SOME CASES, FOR EXAMPLE, EFFECTS OF ALTERED DIETARY SUPPLY OF METHYL DONORS ON DNA METHYLATION, THERE ARE PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR THE OBSERVED EPIGENETIC CHANGES, BUT TO A LARGE EXTENT, THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIET-EPIGENOME-HEALTH RELATIONSHIPS REMAIN TO BE DISCOVERED. IN ADDITION, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHICH EPIGENOMIC MARKS ARE MOST LABILE IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY EXPOSURES. GIVEN THE PLASTICITY OF EPIGENETIC MARKS AND THEIR RESPONSIVENESS TO DIETARY FACTORS, THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC MARKS AS BIOMARKERS OF HEALTH FOR USE IN INTERVENTION STUDIES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  2433  37 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF NAD(P)H:QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1 BY HEPATITIS B VIRUS X PROTEIN INCREASES MITOCHONDRIAL INJURY AND CELLULAR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEPATOMA CELLS. NAD(P)H:QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1 (NQO1) IS A PHASE II ENZYME THAT PARTICIPATES IN THE DETOXIFICATION OF DOPAMINE-DERIVED QUINONE MOLECULES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. OUR PRIOR WORK USING A PROTEOMIC APPROACH FOUND THAT NQO1 PROTEIN LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN STABLE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)-PRODUCING HEPATOMA CELLS RELATIVE TO THE EMPTY-VECTOR-TRANSFECTED CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NQO1 SUPPRESSION REMAIN ELUSIVE. IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT HBV X PROTEIN (HBX) INDUCES EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF NQO1 IN HEPATOMA CELLS THROUGH PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION VIA RECRUITMENT OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT3A TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE NQO1 GENE. IN HBV-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) SPECIMENS, HBX EXPRESSION WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY TO NQO1 TRANSCRIPTS BUT POSITIVELY TO NQO1 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. DOWNREGULATION OF NQO1 BY HBX REDUCED INTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE LEVELS, IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, AND INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HEPATOMA CELLS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED CELL INJURY. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST A NOVEL MECHANISM FOR HBV-MEDIATED PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES, INCLUDING HCC.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  2940  41 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN NORMAL AND SENSITIVE COPD-DISEASED HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS REPEATEDLY EXPOSED TO AIR POLLUTION-DERIVED PM(2.5). EVEN THOUGH CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE PROGRESSIVELY PROVIDED A BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS BY WHICH AIR POLLUTION-DERIVED PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) EXERTS ITS HARMFUL HEALTH EFFECTS, FURTHER IN VITRO STUDIES ON RELEVANT CELL SYSTEMS ARE STILL NEEDED. HENCE, AIMING OF GETTING CLOSER TO THE HUMAN IN VIVO CONDITIONS, PRIMARY HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS DERIVED FROM NORMAL SUBJECTS (NHBE) OR SENSITIVE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)-DISEASED PATIENTS (DHBE) WERE DIFFERENTIATED AT THE AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE. THEREAFTER, THEY WERE REPEATEDLY EXPOSED TO AIR POLLUTION-DERIVED PM(2.5) TO STUDY THE OCCURRENCE OF SOME RELEVANT GENETIC AND/OR EPIGENETIC ENDPOINTS. CONCENTRATION-, EXPOSURE- AND SEASON-DEPENDENT INCREASES OF OH-B[A]P METABOLITES IN NHBE, AND TO A LESSER EXTENT, COPD-DHBE CELLS WERE REPORTED; HOWEVER, THERE WERE MORE TETRA-OH-B[A]P AND 8-OHDG DNA ADDUCTS IN COPD-DHBE CELLS. NO INCREASE IN PRIMARY DNA STRAND BREAK NOR CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION WAS OBSERVED IN REPEATEDLY EXPOSED CELLS. TELOMERE LENGTH AND TELOMERASE ACTIVITY WERE MODIFIED IN A CONCENTRATION- AND EXPOSURE-DEPENDENT MANNER IN NHBE AND PARTICULARLY COPD-DHBE CELLS. THERE WERE A GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION, A P16 GENE PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION, AND A DECREASING DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN NHBE AND NOTABLY COPD-DHBE CELLS REPEATEDLY EXPOSED. CHANGES IN SITE-SPECIFIC METHYLATION, ACETYLATION, AND PHOSPHORYLATION OF HISTONE H3 (I.E., H3K4ME3, H3K9AC, H3K27AC, AND H3S10PH) AND RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITIES OCCURRED IN A CONCENTRATION- AND EXPOSURE-DEPENDENT MANNER IN ALL THE REPEATEDLY EXPOSED CELLS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS HIGHLIGHTED THE KEY ROLE PLAYED BY GENETIC AND EVEN EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN NHBE AND PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE COPD-DHBE CELLS REPEATEDLY EXPOSED TO AIR POLLUTION-DERIVED PM(2.5) AND THEIR DIFFERENT RESPONSIVENESS. WHILE THESE SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE BEEN ALREADY DESCRIBED IN COPD AND EVEN LUNG CANCER PHENOTYPES, OUR FINDINGS SUPPORTED THAT, TOGETHER WITH GENETIC EVENTS, THESE EPIGENETIC EVENTS COULD DRAMATICALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHIFT FROM HEALTHY TO DISEASED PHENOTYPES FOLLOWING REPEATED EXPOSURE TO RELATIVELY LOW DOSES OF AIR POLLUTION-DERIVED PM(2.5).	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5  5010  40 PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC, ARACHIDONIC AND OLEIC ACID IN RELATION TO THE INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE AND CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID IN THE CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF CARCINOGENESIS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. ANALYSIS OF 7,8-DIHYDRO-8-OXO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OXODG) LEVELS IN 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE (DG) AND ISOLATED DNA HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID ARE CAPABLE OF INDUCING THIS SPECIFIC GENOTOXIC DAMAGE. THIS EFFECT APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF FATTY ACID UNSATURATION, SINCE IT WAS NOT INDUCED BY MONOUNSATURATED OLEIC ACID. ENZYMATIC PEROXIDATION OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID RESULTED IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. STUDIES ON THE INTERFERENCE OF RADICAL SCAVENGERS WITH THE INDUCTION OF 8-OXODG IN COMBINATION WITH ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE SUPEROXIDE ANION WAS GENERATED DURING PEROXIDATION OF THESE FATTY ACIDS AND THAT SINGLET OXYGEN IS MOST LIKELY INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE. THE LEVEL OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN DG AND SINGLE-STRANDED DNA WAS HIGHER AS COMPARED TO THAT IN NATIVE DNA AFTER EQUIMOLAR TREATMENT. EXPOSURE OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES TO LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID DID NOT RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN LEVELS OF 8-OXODG. THIS MAY INDICATE THAT THE RATE OF INTRACELLULAR PEROXIDATION IS RELATIVELY LOW AND/OR THAT NUCLEAR DNA IN INTACT CELLS IS EFFECTIVELY PROTECTED AGAINST GENETIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. IT IS THEREFORE CONCLUDED THAT RELATIVELY SHORT PERIODS OF LINOLEIC OR ARACHIDONIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ARE NOT LIKELY TO IMPOSE A DIRECT GENOTOXIC RISK. IT CAN, HOWEVER, NOT BE EXCLUDED THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INDUCES OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE OR IS RELATED TO CANCER RISK BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AS IS ALSO INDICATED BY THE OBSERVED CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC ACID.	1994	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
6  3767  33 INTEGRATIVE EPIGENOMIC ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN PRIMARY BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) IS ONE OF THE MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR MANY PULMONARY DISEASES, INCLUDING CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE FOR CS EXPOSURE IS THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. ELUCIDATION OF THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES DURING CS EXPOSURE IS KEY TO GAINING A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING INTO HOW MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS RESPOND TO CS. THEREFORE, WE PERFORMED EPIGENOMIC PROFILING IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL (HBE) CELLS CULTURED IN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE (ALI) EXPOSED TO THE VAPOR PHASE OF CS. THE GENOME-WIDE ENRICHMENT OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION WAS DETECTED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) IN HBE CELLS AND SUGGESTED THE PLAUSIBLE BINDING OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS RELATED TO CS EXPOSURE. ADDITIONALLY, INTERROGATION OF CHIP-SEQ DATA WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING OF HBE CELLS AFTER CS EXPOSURE FOR DIFFERENT DURATIONS (3 HOURS, 2 DAYS, 4 DAYS) SUGGESTED THAT EARLIER EPIGENETIC CHANGES (3 HOURS AFTER CS EXPOSURE) MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH LATER GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES INDUCED BY CS EXPOSURE (4 DAYS). THE INTEGRATION OF EPIGENETICS AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA REVEALED SIGNALING PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HBE CELLS THAT MAY IDENTIFY NOVEL REGULATORY PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED COPD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
7  4015  37 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8  2315  28 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FERROPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED GENES AND ITS IMPLICATION IN CANCER THERAPY. FERROPTOSIS IS AN EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED FORM OF REGULATED CELL DEATH TRIGGERED BY IRON-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOLIPID PEROXIDATION. FERROPTOSIS CONTRIBUTES TO THE MAINTENANCE OF TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS WHILE ITS ABERRATION IS TIGHTLY CONNECTED WITH LOTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS ACUTE TISSUE INJURY, CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE DISEASE, AND TUMORIGENESIS. EPIGENETIC REGULATION CONTROLS CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE EXPRESSION BY WRITING/READING/ERASING THE COVALENT MODIFICATIONS ON DNA, HISTONE, AND RNA, WITHOUT ALTERING THE DNA SEQUENCE. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS INVOLVED IN THE DETERMINATION OF CELLULAR VULNERABILITY TO FERROPTOSIS. HERE, WE SUMMARIZE THE RECENT ADVANCES ON THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF FERROPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED GENES AND THEREBY THE FERROPTOSIS PROCESS. MOREOVER, THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF EPIGENETIC DRUGS IN TARGETING OR SYNERGIZING FERROPTOSIS DURING CANCER THERAPY IS ALSO DISCUSSED.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  3817  31 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED STRONG RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN POOR FOETAL GROWTH AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. PERSISTING EFFECTS OF EARLY MALNUTRITION BECOME TRANSLATED INTO PATHOLOGY, THEREBY DETERMINE CHRONIC RISK FOR DEVELOPING GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE AND DIABETES. THESE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IDENTIFY THE PHENOMENA OF FOETAL PROGRAMMING WITHOUT EXPLAINING THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS THAT ESTABLISH THE CAUSAL LINK. ANIMAL MODELS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED AND STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT REDUCTION IN THE AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS DURING FOETAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS AND INSULIN-SENSITIVE TISSUES. WHATEVER THE TYPE OF FOETAL MALNUTRITION, WHETHER THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH CALORIES OR PROTEIN IN FOOD OR AFTER PLACENTAL DEFICIENCY, MALNOURISHED PUPS ARE BORN WITH A DEFECT IN THEIR BETA-CELL POPULATION THAT WILL NEVER COMPLETELY RECOVER, AND INSULIN-SENSITIVE TISSUES WILL BE DEFINITIVELY ALTERED. DESPITE THE SIMILAR ENDPOINT, DIFFERENT CELLULAR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS ARE PROPOSED. HORMONES OPERATIVE DURING FOETAL LIFE LIKE INSULIN ITSELF, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS, AS WELL AS SPECIFIC MOLECULES LIKE TAURINE, OR ISLET VASCULARIZATION WERE IMPLICATED AS POSSIBLE FACTORS AMPLIFYING THE DEFECT. THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF THE BETA CELLS ARE STILL ELUSIVE, BUT TWO HYPOTHESES RECENTLY EMERGED: THE FIRST ONE IMPLIES PROGRAMMING OF MITOCHONDRIA AND THE SECOND, EPIGENETIC REGULATION.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10  1395  41 DIET AND MICROBIOME IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SEQUENCE OF GUT INFLAMMATION. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DUE, AT LEAST PARTIALLY, TO AN ABERRANT AND EXCESSIVE MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO GUT BACTERIA IN GENETICALLY-PREDISPOSED INDIVIDUALS UNDER CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE INCIDENCE OF IBD IS RISING IN WESTERN AND NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, PARALLELING THE INCREASE OF WESTERNIZED DIETARY PATTERNS, THROUGH NEW ANTIGENS, EPITHELIAL FUNCTION AND PERMEABILITY, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (E.G., DNA METHYLATION), AND ALTERATION OF THE GUT MICROBIOME. ALTERATION IN THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF THE GUT MICROBIOME (INCLUDING BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND FUNGI) SEEMS TO BE A NUCLEAR PATHOGENIC FACTOR. THE MICROBIOME ITSELF IS DYNAMIC, AND THE CHANGES IN FOOD QUALITY, DIETARY HABITS, LIVING CONDITIONS AND HYGIENE OF THESE WESTERN SOCIETIES, COULD INTERACT IN A COMPLEX MANNER AS MODULATORS OF DYSBIOSIS, THEREBY INFLUENCING THE ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE CELLS' PROMOTING INFLAMMATION. THE MICROBIOME PRODUCES DIVERSE SMALL MOLECULES VIA SEVERAL METABOLIC WAYS, WITH THE FIBER-DERIVED SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (I.E., BUTYRATE) AS MAIN ELEMENTS AND HAVING ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. THESE METABOLITES AND SOME MICRONUTRIENTS OF THE DIET (I.E., VITAMINS, FOLIC ACID, BETA CAROTENE AND TRACE ELEMENTS) ARE REGULATORS OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE INTESTINAL IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS. AN EXCESSIVE AND UNHEALTHY CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR, ANIMAL FAT AND A LOW-VEGETABLE AND -FIBER DIET ARE RISK FACTORS FOR IBD APPEARANCE. FURTHERMORE, METABOLISM OF NUTRIENTS IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AND IN GUT MICROBIOTA IS ALTERED BY INFLAMMATION, CHANGING THE DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS NEEDED FOR HOMEOSTASIS. THIS ROLE OF FOOD AND A REDUCED GUT MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN CAUSING IBD MIGHT ALSO HAVE A PROPHYLACTIC OR THERAPEUTIC ROLE FOR IBD. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE, SYMPTOMS, AND BOWEL INFLAMMATION COULD LEAD TO DIETARY AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS, INCLUDING DIETS WITH ABUNDANT FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OLIVE OIL AND OILY FISH, WHICH HAVE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND COULD PREVENT DYSBIOSIS AND IBD. DIETARY MODULATION AND APPROPRIATE EXCLUSION DIETS MIGHT BE A NEW COMPLEMENTARY MANAGEMENT FOR TREATMENT AT DISEASE FLARES AND IN REFRACTORY PATIENTS, EVEN REDUCING COMPLICATIONS, HOSPITALIZATIONS AND SURGERY, THROUGH MODIFYING THE LUMINAL INTESTINAL ENVIRONMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  4205  38 METABOLO-EPIGENETIC INTERPLAY PROVIDES TARGETED NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASES AND AGEING. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS THAT AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING DNA SEQUENCES. IN PARTICULAR, EPIGENETIC CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS CAN OCCUR ON HISTONE PROTEINS -MAINLY ACETYLATION, METHYLATION-, AND ON DNA AND RNA MOLECULES -MAINLY METHYLATION-. ADDITIONAL MECHANISMS, SUCH AS RNA-MEDIATED REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND DETERMINANTS OF THE GENOMIC ARCHITECTURE CAN ALSO AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION. IMPORTANTLY, DEPENDING ON THE CELLULAR CONTEXT AND ENVIRONMENT, EPIGENETIC PROCESSES CAN DRIVE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMS AS WELL AS FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, MISBALANCED EPIGENETIC REGULATION CAN RESULT IN DISEASE, PARTICULARLY IN THE CONTEXT OF METABOLIC DISEASES, CANCER, AND AGEING. NON-COMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES (NCCD) AND AGEING SHARE COMMON FEATURES INCLUDING ALTERED METABOLISM, SYSTEMIC META-INFLAMMATION, DYSFUNCTIONAL IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSES, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, AMONG OTHERS. IN THIS SCENARIO, UNBALANCED DIETS, SUCH AS HIGH SUGAR AND HIGH SATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONSUMPTION, TOGETHER WITH SEDENTARY HABITS, ARE RISK FACTORS IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NCCD AND PREMATURE AGEING. THE NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS INTERACT WITH EPIGENETICS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS. THUS, IT IS CRUCIAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN MODULATE EPIGENETIC MARKS THROUGH BOTH LIFESTYLE HABITS AND TARGETED CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS -INCLUDING FASTING MIMICKING DIETS, NUTRACEUTICALS, AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS- WHICH WILL CONTRIBUTE TO RESTORE THE METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS IN NCCD. HERE, WE FIRST DESCRIBE KEY METABOLITES FROM CELLULAR METABOLIC PATHWAYS USED AS SUBSTRATES TO "WRITE" THE EPIGENETIC MARKS; AND COFACTORS THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF THE EPIGENETIC ENZYMES; THEN, WE BRIEFLY SHOW HOW METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC IMBALANCES MAY RESULT IN DISEASE; AND, FINALLY, WE SHOW SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS - DIET BASED INTERVENTIONS, BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, AND NUTRACEUTICALS- AND EXERCISE TO COUNTERACT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12  1398  34 DIET, GUT MICROBIOME AND EPIGENETICS: EMERGING LINKS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AND PROSPECTS FOR MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) REPRESENT A GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN DUE TO INCREASING INCIDENCE WORLDWIDE. THE CURRENT NOTION ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD IS THAT GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS DEVELOP INTOLERANCE TO DYSREGULATED GUT MICROFLORA (DYSBIOSIS) AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION DEVELOPS AS A RESULT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS. AMONG THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IBD, DIET PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MODULATING THE GUT MICROBIOME, INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC CHANGES, AND, THEREFORE, COULD BE APPLIED AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL TO IMPROVE THE DISEASE COURSE. NEVERTHELESS, THE CURRENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ARE SCARCE AND HAVE WEAK EVIDENCE. THIS REVIEW SUMMARISES THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIET, MICROBIOME AND EPIGENETICS IN IBD. WHEREAS AN OVERABUNDANCE OF CALORIES AND SOME MACRONUTRIENTS INCREASE GUT INFLAMMATION, SEVERAL MICRONUTRIENTS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO MODULATE IT. IMMUNONUTRITION HAS EMERGED AS A NEW CONCEPT PUTTING FORWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS SUCH AS VITAMINS A, C, E, AND D, FOLIC ACID, BETA CAROTENE AND TRACE ELEMENTS SUCH AS ZINC, SELENIUM, MANGANESE AND IRON. HOWEVER, WHEN ASSESSED IN CLINICAL TRIALS, SPECIFIC MICRONUTRIENTS EXERTED A LIMITED BENEFIT. BEYOND NUTRIENTS, AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIETARY PATTERN AS A COMPLEX INTERVENTION APPROACH HAS BECOME POPULAR IN RECENT YEARS. HENCE, EXCLUSIVE ENTERAL NUTRITION IN PAEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION CURRENTLY RECOMMENDED AS A FIRST-LINE THERAPY. OTHER NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS OR SPECIFIC DIETS INCLUDING THE SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE DIET (SCD), THE LOW FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES, AND POLYOL (FODMAP) DIET AND, MOST RECENTLY, THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET HAVE SHOWN STRONG ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES AND SHOW PROMISE FOR IMPROVING DISEASE SYMPTOMS. MORE WORK IS REQUIRED TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL FOOD COMPOUNDS AND COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DECREASE INFLAMMATION AS A MEANS OF PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF IBD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13   617  34 BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION: FOCUS ON EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS WITH POLYPHENOLS. CONSUMPTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS, FOUND IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THESE BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS ELICIT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THROUGH COMPLEX MECHANISMS AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC LEVELS. ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (DOHAD) PARADIGM, IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS SUCH AS MALNUTRITION THROUGH MATERNAL DIET WOULD IMPAIR FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAM INCREASED RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES AND SOME CANCERS IN ADULT LIFE. IN ADDITION, A ROLE FOR FATHERS DIET DURING PRECONCEPTION ON THEIR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS ALSO EMERGED. THIS HIGHLIGHTS EARLY LIFE AS A PROMISING WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY FOR STARTING DIETARY INTERVENTIONS FOCUSING ON PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, KNOWLEDGE ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF EARLY LIFE EXPOSURE TO BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IS LIMITED. AMONG THE STUDIES THAT HAVE INVESTIGATED BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DOHAD, MOST HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS. THUS, IN THIS REVIEW WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR THE DIETARY POLYPHENOLS RESVERATROL, GENISTEIN, EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE AND ANTHOCYANINS IN CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION CONSIDERING A PERSPECTIVE FROM EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS THROUGH MATERNAL AND PATERNAL DIETS AND FOCUSING ON EPIGENETICS AS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14   930  39 CHRONIC IRRADIATION OF HUMAN CELLS REDUCES HISTONE LEVELS AND DEREGULATES GENE EXPRESSION. OVER THE PAST DECADES, THERE HAVE BEEN HUGE ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR RESPONSES TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AND DNA DAMAGE. THESE STUDIES, HOWEVER, WERE MOSTLY EXECUTED WITH CELL LINES AND MICE USING SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACUTE DOSES OF RADIATION. HENCE, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE IONISING RADIATION AFFECTS NORMAL CELLS AND ORGANISMS, EVEN THOUGH OUR CELLS ARE CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS OF RADIATION. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE BY EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSING HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS TO CONTINUOUS IONISING GAMMA-RADIATION DELIVERED AT 6-20 MGY/H. ALTHOUGH THESE DOSE RATES ARE ESTIMATED TO INFLICT FEWER THAN A SINGLE DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK (DSB) PER HOUR PER CELL, THEY STILL CAUSED DOSE-DEPENDENT REDUCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENESCENCE. WE CONCOMITANTLY OBSERVED HISTONE PROTEIN LEVELS TO REDUCE BY UP TO 40%, WHICH IN CONTRAST TO PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS, WAS NOT MAINLY DUE TO PROTEIN DEGRADATION BUT INSTEAD CORRELATED WITH REDUCED HISTONE GENE EXPRESSION. HISTONE REDUCTIONS WERE ACCOMPANIED BY ENLARGED NUCLEAR SIZE PARALLELED BY AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTION, INCLUDING THAT OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES. THUS, CHRONIC IRRADIATION, EVEN AT LOW DOSE-RATES, CAN INDUCE CELL SENESCENCE AND ALTER GENE EXPRESSION VIA A HITHERTO UNCHARACTERISED EPIGENETIC ROUTE. THESE FEATURES OF CHRONIC RADIATION REPRESENT A NEW ASPECT OF RADIATION BIOLOGY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
15  3804  34 INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND COLORECTAL CANCER. IN ADDITION TO GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS, VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, INCLUDING DIET, PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). RECENTLY, THERE IS INCREASING INTEREST IN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR CRC, BECAUSE DIET ALSO INFLUENCES THE COMPOSITION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA. THE HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA COMPRISES ABOUT 100 TRILLION MICROBES. THIS MICROBIOME THRIVES ON UNDIGESTED DIETARY RESIDUES IN THE INTESTINAL LUMEN AND PRODUCES VARIOUS METABOLITES. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE DIETARY RISK FACTORS FOR CRC ARE MEDIATED BY DYSBIOSIS OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND THEIR METABOLITES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DESCRIBE THE BACTERIAL TAXA ASSOCIATED WITH CRC, INCLUDING FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM, ENTEROTOXIGENIC BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS, ESCHERICHIA COLI, AND BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA. WE ALSO DISCUSS THE HOST-DIET INTERACTION IN COLORECTAL CARCINOGENESIS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16  2468  30 EPIGENETIC TOXICOLOGY AS TOXICANT-INDUCED CHANGES IN INTRACELLULAR SIGNALLING LEADING TO ALTERED GAP JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION. COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS [EXTRA-, INTRA-, AND GAP JUNCTIONAL INTER-CELLULAR COMMUNICATION (GJIC)] CONTROL, FROM THE FERTILIZED EGG, THROUGH EMBRYOGENESIS TO MATURITY AND AGING, WHETHER A CELL PROLIFERATES, DIFFERENTIATES, DIES BY APOPTOSIS, OR IF DIFFERENTIATED, ADAPTIVELY RESPONDS TO ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SIGNALS. FROM THE EGG TO THE 100 TRILLION CELLS IN THE HUMAN BODY, HEALTH IS MAINTAINED WHEN THESE COMMUNICATION PROCESSES BETWEEN STEM, PROGENITOR AND TERMINALLY DIFFERENTIATED CELLS ARE INTEGRATED. EACH CELL CHOICE INVOLVES 'EPIGENETIC' MECHANISMS TO ALTER THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL, TRANSLATIONAL OR POST-TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS. DISRUPTION OF THE COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS CAN BE EITHER ADAPTIVE OR MALADAPTIVE. MODULATION OF EXTRA-CELLULAR COMMUNICATION, EITHER BY GENETIC IMBALANCES OF GROWTH FACTORS, HORMONES OR NEUROTRANSMITTERS OR BY ENVIRONMENTAL, EXOGENOUS CHEMICALS CAN TRIGGER SIGNAL TRANSDUCING INTRA-CELLULAR MECHANISMS. THESE INTRA-CELLULAR SIGNALS CAN MODULATE GENE EXPRESSION AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL, TRANSLATIONAL OR POST-TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS WHILE ALSO MODULATING GJIC. UNTIMELY OR CHRONIC DISRUPTION OF GJIC DURING EMBRYONIC OR FETAL DEVELOPMENT COULD LEAD TO EMBRYONIC LETHALITY OR TERATOGENESIS. BY MODULATION OF GJIC, HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL OF CELL GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION OR APOPTOSIS COULD LEAD TO SPECIFIC DISEASES, SUCH AS NEUROLOGICAL, CARDIOVASCULAR, REPRODUCTIVE OR ENDOCRINOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION. CHEMICAL MODULATION OR ONCOGENE DOWN-REGULATION OF GJIC IN INITIATED TISSUES HAS BEEN SHOWN TO LEAD TO TUMOR PROMOTION. GENETIC SYNDROMES CARRYING A MUTATED GAP JUNCTION GENE, TOGETHER WITH SOME TRANSGENIC AND KNOCK-OUT GAP JUNCTION GENE MICE, PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS ORGANELLE FOUND ONLY IN METAZOANS. IMPLICATIONS FOR 'THRESHOLDS' TO TOXICANTS AND FOR RISK ASSESSMENT ARE EVIDENT.	1998	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
17  3304  36 HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS CHANGE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES. STUDY QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON DNA METHYLATION OF HUMAN OOCYTES? SUMMARY ANSWER: HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ALTERED DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PEG3 AND ADIPONECTIN IN HUMAN IN VITRO MATURATION OOCYTES. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: MATERNAL DIABETES HAS A DETRIMENTAL INFLUENCE ON OOCYTE QUALITY INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AS SHOWN IN NON-HUMAN MAMMALIAN SPECIES. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: IMMATURE METAPHASE I (MI) STAGE OOCYTES OF GOOD QUALITY WERE RETRIEVED FROM PATIENTS WHO HAD NORMAL OVARIAN POTENTIAL AND WHO UNDERWENT ICSI IN THE REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL OF ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY. MI OOCYTES WERE CULTURED IN MEDIUM WITH DIFFERENT GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS (CONTROL, 10 MM AND 15 MM) IN VITRO AND 48 H LATER, OOCYTES WITH FIRST POLAR BODY EXTRUSION WERE COLLECTED TO CHECK THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: MI OOCYTES UNDERWENT IN VITRO MATURATION (IVM) AT 37 DEGREES C WITH 5% MIXED GAS FOR 48 H. THEN THE MATURE OOCYTES WERE TREATED WITH BISULFITE BUFFER. TARGET SEQUENCES WERE AMPLIFIED USING NESTED OR HALF-NESTED PCR AND THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS WAS TESTED USING COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS (COBRA) AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING (BS). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE FIRST POLAR BODY EXTRUSION RATE. COMPARED TO CONTROLS, THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PEG3 IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN 10 MM (P < 0.001) AND 15 MM (P < 0.001) CONCENTRATIONS OF GLUCOSE. BUT THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF H19 WAS NOT AFFECTED BY HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES. WE ALSO FOUND THAT THERE WAS A DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER OF ADIPONECTIN IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES BETWEEN CONTROLS AND OOCYTES EXPOSED TO 10 MM GLUCOSE (P = 0.028). LARGE SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER THE ALTERATIONS ARE BENEFICIAL OR NOT FOR THE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND OFFSPRING HEALTH. THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE WHOLE PROCESS OF OOCYTE MATURATION ARE STILL NOT ELUCIDATED. ANOTHER ISSUE IS THAT THE NUMBER OF OOCYTES USED IN THIS STUDY WAS LIMITED. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON DNA METHYLATION OF HUMAN OOCYTES HAVE BEEN ELUCIDATED. OUR RESULT INDICATES THAT IN HUMANS, THE HIGH RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN OFFSPRING FROM DIABETIC MOTHERS MAY ORIGINATE FROM ABNORMAL DNA MODIFICATIONS IN OOCYTES. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): THIS WORK WAS SUPPORTED BY THE FUND OF NATIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA (81401198) AND DOCTOR FOUNDATION OF QINGDAO AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (1116008).THE AUTHORS DECLARE THAT THERE ARE NO POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RELEVANT TO THIS ARTICLE.	2018	

18  3099  34 GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN DIFFERENT TISSUES AFTER AMBIENT AIR PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION (5-MC) IS ONE OF THE SEVERAL EPIGENETIC MARKERS, AND IS GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION. BOTH HYPER AND HYPO DNA METHYLATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASES. EXPOSURE TO FINE PARTICLES WITH A DIAMETER OF 2.5 MUM OR LESS (PM(2.5)) IS A PERVASIVE RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY, METABOLIC DISORDERS, COGNITION DAMAGE, AND ETC.. RECENT REPORTS POINTED TOWARD THAT THESE DISEASES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALTERED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF SOME SPECIFIC-GENE, POTENTIALLY SUGGESTING THAT THE DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION WAS INVOLVED IN THE HEALTH HAZARD DERIVED FROM THE PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. IN THIS STUDY, WE SYSTEMATICALLY INVESTIGATED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF MOST TISSUES, INCLUDING LUNG, HEART, TESTIS, THYMUS, SPLEEN, EPIDIDYMAL FAT, HIPPOCAMPUS, KIDNEY, LIVE, AFTER SHORT AND LONG TERM PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. AFTER ACUTE PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, THE GLOBAL HYPO-METHYLATION IN DNA WAS OBSERVED IN LUNG AND HEART. NOTABLY, AFTER CHRONIC PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, LEVEL OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION DECREASED IN MOST ORGANS WHICH INCLUDED LUNG, TESTIS, THYMUS, SPLEEN, EPIDIDYMAL FAT, HIPPOCAMPUS AND BLOOD. THE PRESENT STUDY SYSTEMATICALLY DEMONSTRATED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES BY PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, AND PUT FORWARD A POSSIBLE ORIENTATION FOR FURTHER EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AIR PARTICLES EXPOSURE ON THE SPECIFIC ORGANS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  4786  31 NUTRITION AND HEALTH DURING MID-LIFE: SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS AND MEETING CHALLENGES FOR THE AGING POPULATION. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENETIC (GENOME) AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (EPIGENOME) OPERATE DURING A PERSON'S ENTIRE LIFESPAN. THE AGING PROCESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERAL CELLULAR AND ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS THAT, AT THE END, CAUSE MULTI-ORGANIC CELL FAILURE. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF AGING ARE MODIFIABLE BY APPROPRIATE PREVENTIVE ACTIONS MEDIATED BY SIRTUINS, CALORIC INPUT, DIET COMPONENTS, ADIPOSE TISSUE-RELATED INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. THE MEDITERRANEAN LIFESTYLE HAS BEEN FOR MANY MILLENNIA A DAILY HABIT FOR PEOPLE IN WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS LIVING AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA WHO WORKED INTENSIVELY AND SURVIVED WITH VERY FEW SEASONAL FOODS. A HIGH ADHERENCE TO THE TRADITIONAL MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW MORTALITY (HIGHER LONGEVITY) AND REDUCED RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME, DEPRESSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. REPORTS INDICATE THAT SOME DIETARY COMPONENTS, SUCH AS OLIVE OIL, ANTIOXIDANTS, OMEGA-3 AND -6 POLYUNSATURATED ACIDS, POLYPHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS, MEDIATE BENEFICIAL ANTI-AGING EFFECTS (ANTI-CHRONIC DISEASES AND INCREASED LONGEVITY). EQUALLY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DISPLAYS A POSITIVE EFFECT, PRODUCING CALORIC CONSUMPTION AND REGULATION OF ADIPOSE AND PANCREATIC FUNCTION. THE PREDICTIVE STRENGTH OF SOME FOOD PATTERNS MAY BE A WAY OF DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOOD AND HEALTH POLICIES. THIS PAPER WILL DISCUSS SEVERAL WAYS OF IMPROVING HEALTH DURING MID-LIFE, FOCUSING ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND HEALTHY HABITS WHICH MAY REDUCE OR PREVENT AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20   426  31 ANTI-DIABETIC FUNCTIONS OF SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN: MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS EFFECTS ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION. TYPE 2 DIABETES IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LOSS OF FUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. STRATEGIES TO PRESERVE BETA-CELL MASS AND A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BETA-CELL TURNOVER ARE NEEDED TO PREVENT AND TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. GENISTEIN, A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOY ISOFLAVONE, IS REPORTED TO HAVE NUMEROUS HEALTH BENEFITS ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS, NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENISTEIN HAS ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS, IN PARTICULAR, DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELL PROLIFERATION, GLUCOSE-STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION AND PROTECTION AGAINST APOPTOSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AGONIST, ANTIOXIDANT, OR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR. EFFECTS ARE STRUCTURE-SPECIFIC AND NOT COMMON TO ALL FLAVONOIDS. WHILE THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN CONSUMPTION IN HUMANS WITH DIABETES, THERE ARE A PLETHORA OF ANIMAL AND CELL-CULTURE STUDIES THAT DEMONSTRATE A DIRECT EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON BETA-CELLS AT PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS (<10 MUM). THE EFFECTS APPEAR TO INVOLVE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING AND THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT SUGGEST AN EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELLS.	2013